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A server is a computer program or device that provides functionality to other programs or devices called clients. The client-server model distributes computation across multiple processes or devices, with servers providing services like sharing data or resources among clients or performing computation. A single server can serve multiple clients, and a client can use multiple servers. Typical servers include database, file, mail, print, web, game, and application servers. In a client-server system, a client sends a request to the server, which performs an action and sends a response back with a result or acknowledgement.

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39 views2 pages

History: (Hide) 1 2 3 4 o 4.1 o 4.2 o 4.3 5 6 7 8 9 10

A server is a computer program or device that provides functionality to other programs or devices called clients. The client-server model distributes computation across multiple processes or devices, with servers providing services like sharing data or resources among clients or performing computation. A single server can serve multiple clients, and a client can use multiple servers. Typical servers include database, file, mail, print, web, game, and application servers. In a client-server system, a client sends a request to the server, which performs an action and sends a response back with a result or acknowledgement.

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Dian
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© © All Rights Reserved
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n computing, a server is a computer program or a device that provides functionality for other

programs or devices, called "clients". This architecture is called the client–server model, and a single
overall computation is distributed across multiple processes or devices. Servers can provide various
functionalities, often called "services", such as sharing data or resources among multiple clients, or
performing computation for a client. A single server can serve multiple clients, and a single client can
use multiple servers. A client process may run on the same device or may connect over a network to
a server on a different device.[1] Typical servers are database servers, file servers, mail servers, print
servers, web servers, game servers, and application servers.[2]
Client–server systems are today most frequently implemented by (and often identified with)
the request–response model: a client sends a request to the server, which performs some action
and sends a response back to the client, typically with a result or acknowledgement. Designating a
computer as "server-class hardware" implies that it is specialized for running servers on it. This often
implies that it is more powerful and reliable than standard personal computers, but alternatively,
large computing clusters may be composed of many relatively simple, replaceable server
components.

Contents
[hide]

 1History
 2Operation
 3Purpose
 4Hardware requirement
o 4.1Large servers
o 4.2Clusters
o 4.3Appliances
 5Operating systems
 6Energy consumption
 7See also
 8Notes
 9References
 10Further reading

History[edit]
The use of the word server in computing comes from queueing theory,[3] where it dates to the mid
20th century, being notably used in Kendall (1953) (along with "service"), the paper that
introduced Kendall's notation. In earlier papers, such as the Erlang (1909), more concrete terms
such as "[telephone] operators" are used.
In computing, "server" dates at least to RFC 5 (1969),[4] one of the earliest documents
describing ARPANET (the predecessor of Internet), and is contrasted with "user", distinguishing two
types of host: "server-host" and "user-host". The use of "serving" also dates to early documents,
such as RFC 4,[5] contrasting "serving-host" with "using-host".
The Jargon File defines "server" in the common sense of a process performing service for requests,
usually remote, with the 1981 (1.1.0) version reading:
SERVER n. A kind of DAEMON which performs a service for the requester, which often runs on a
computer other than the one on which the server runs.
Operation[edit]

A network based on the client–server model where multiple individual clients request services and resources
from centralized servers

Strictly speaking, the term server refers to a computer program or process (running program).
Through metonymy, it refers to a device used for (or a device dedicated to) running one or several
server programs. On a network, such a device is called a host. In addition to server, the
words serve and service (as noun and as verb) are frequently used, though servicer and servant are
not.[a] The word service (noun) may refer to either the abstract form of functionality, e.g. Web service.
Alternatively, it may refer to a computer program that turns a computer into a server, e.g. Windows
service. Originally used as "servers serve users" (and "users use servers"), in the sense of "obey",
today one often says that "servers serve data", in the same sense as "give". For instance, web
servers "serve [up] web pages to users" or "service their requests".
The server is part of the client–server model; in this model, a server serves data for clients. The
nature of communication between a client and server is request and response. This is in contrast
with peer-to-peer model in which the relationship is on-demand reciprocation. In principle, any
computerized process that can be used or called by another process (particularly remotely,
particularly to share a resource) is a server, and the calling process or processes is a client. Thus
any general purpose computer connected to a network can host servers. For example, if files on a
device are shared by some process, that process is a file server. Similarly, web server software
can run on any capable computer, and so a laptop or a personal computer can host a web server.
While request–response is the most common client–server design, there are others, such as
the publish–subscribe pattern. In the publish–subscribe pattern, clients regis

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