Humanistica Lovaniensia Vol. 23, 1974 PDF
Humanistica Lovaniensia Vol. 23, 1974 PDF
Humanistica Lovaniensia Vol. 23, 1974 PDF
LOVANIENSIA
LOVAN IENS IA
Vol. XXIII-1974
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HUMANISTICA LOVANIENSIA
Journal of Neo-Latin Studies
Editorial Board
Editor:
Associate Editors:
Editorial Assistants:
Volumes 11 through
Volumes through 16
16 were
wereedited the late
edited by the late Mgr.
Mgr. Henry
Henry de
de Vocht
Vochtfrom
from
1928 to 1961 as a series of monographs on the history of humanism at Louvain,
especially in the Collegium Trilingue. These volumes are obtainable in a reprint
edition.
Orders for separate volumes and standing orders should be sent to the
publishers: Leuven University Press, Krakenstraat 3, B-3000 Leuven (Belgium)
or Martinus Nijhoff, P.O. Box 269, 's-Gravenhage (Netherlands). Prices of
single volumes are as follows : 17 (1968), 162 p. : 21.75 Hfl.; 18(1969),
18 (1969),164
164ρ.p.: :
21.75 Hfl.; 19 (1970), 514p.: 62.25 Hfl.; 20 (1971), 297 p.: 43.50Hfl.; 21 (1972),
413 p.: 58.— Hfl.; 22 (1973), 341 p.: 50.75 Hfl.
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HUMANISTICA LOVANIENSIA
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HUMANISTICA
LOVANIENSIA
Vol. XXIII-1974
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Gepubliceerd met de steun van de Universitaire Stichting van Belgiè en van de
Belgische Regering.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
L. M. KAIS
Criticai Edition 346
Miscellanea
— J. IJSEWIJN, New Evidence on M. Johannes Snavel (fl.
Louvain, ca 1440) 382
— J. IJSEWIJN, A passage of
explained 384
— H. C. Schnur, Heb
of Chr. Vladeraccus 385
— H. SILVESTRE, Aimeric et Er a
Catonis, IV.25.2 386
3. Instrumenta
Instrumentum criticum 389
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VI TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Massimo Miglio
* Scrivo questo commento nel ricordo di Arsenio Frugoni. Che se poi le consonanze
di uomini e di cose perdute si provano nell'incontro con uomini più lontani è solo un
modo, spero non troppo alienante, per superare le dissonanze dei giorni, che ognuno di
noi sa in tensione continua e difficile.
Le pagine che precedono l'edizione della lettera vogliono solo essere una introduzione
alla sua lettura e non hanno nessuna pretesa di completezza.
1 P. Cortesi, De hominibus doetis dialogus, a cura di M.T. Graziosi, (Roma, 1973),
pp. 34-38; ma vedi anche la prima edizione del dialogo : Florentiae 1734, pp. 23-24. Per
quanto qui detto vedi anche M. Miglio, «La storiografia pontificia del quattrocento»,
in Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Lovaniensis. Proceedings of the First International Congress
of Neo-Latin Studies, Louvain 23-28 August 1971 edited by J. IJsewijn and E. Kessler,
(Leuven-München 1973), pp. 414-415.
Anche il Campano sottolinea la difficoltà della storia : « Ardua res est et perdifficilis
historiam scribere ...» cf. G.A. Campano, Opera Omnia, (Romae, 1495), c. E VIIV
(Gesamtkat. 5639), e F. R. Hausmann, G.A. Campano ( 1429-1477). Erläuterungen und
Ergänzungen zu seinen Briefen (Freiburg i. Br. 1968), pp. 120-122. Il testo, quando citato,
è stato collazionato con Vat. Urb. lat. 235, ff. 242'-247'.
2 P. Cortesi, ed. Graziosi, p. 36, e ed. Florentiae, p. 24.
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2 Μ. MIGLIO
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO
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Μ. MIGLIO
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO
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6 Μ. MIGLIO
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO 7
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ö Μ. MIGLIO
Il punto di part
da un lato esplici
alle altre scienze c
logia, in quanto q
sola categoria di le
l'interesse di tutt
Lapo vuol trarre d
Ma appena affron
poco attenti, quale
anche se la dicotomia ciceroniana che nella storia voleva utilitas e
voluptas sembra ridotta ad una unità29. Ma il termine utilitas è
immediatamente reinserito nell'accettazione della storia come una
pedagogia : la conoscenza della successione cronologica degli avveni
menti, degli organismi politici, delle stirpi e delle nazioni, ci permette
di cogliere gli insegnamenti per ogni momento della vita nei comporta
menti pubblici e privati30.
L'interrogativo che segue «quid igitur potest esse utilius aut
iucundius quam quae vel gesta fortiter, vel acta prudenter, vel salse,
acute facete urbaneque dieta feruntur, memoriter tenere » 31 accettate
le premesse, risulta davvero una figura retorica, ma più volte riba
dita32. Soltanto coloro che sono stati capaci di impadronirsi «animo
28 «Non enim hystoriae una atque simplex subiecta materies, nec uni tantum — ut
aiunt — sectae addicta et consecrata est, sed varia multiplex et late patens et plurimis
ex artibus studiisque colligitur ».
29 Cic., fin. 5, 51-52: «Sed quid attinet de rebus tam apertis plura requirere? Ipsi
enim quaeremus a nobis stellarum motus contemplationesque rerum caelestium eorumque
omnium, quae naturae obscuritate occultantur, cognitiones quem ad modum nos
moveant, et quid historia delectet, quam solemus persequi usque ad extremum,
pretermissa repetimus, inchoata persequimur. Nec vero sum nescius esse utilitatem in
historia. non modo voluptatem ».
30 «Quae ratio sit domesticae rei administrandae, quo pacto regenda et gubernanda
res publica, quibus causis bella suscipienda, qua ratione gerenda quousque prosequenda
sint, quomodo tractandae amiciciae, ineunda foedera, iungendae societates, quo sedandi
populorum motus, quo sediciones comprimendae ». E si confronti con quanto detto da
C. Salutati nella ben nota lettera all'Heredia : «...rerum gestarum scientia monet
principes, docet populos et instruit singulos quid domi quidque foris, quid secum, quid
cum familia, quid cum civibus et amicis quidque privatim vel publice sit agendum»,
edito in Epistolario di Coluccio Salutati, a cura di F. Novati, II (Roma, 1893),
pp. 292-293; e cf. Petrucci, op. cit., p. 132.
31 Vedi avanti, p. 22.
32 «Nonne haec plurimi nobis cognitio facienda est qua una tantum delectationis et
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO 9
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10 Μ. MIGLIO
37 Isidori Hispaliensis Episcopi Etimologiarum sive Originum libri XX, ed. W. M. Lindsay
(Oxford. 1962), lib. I, 41.
38 La storiografia petrarchesca (Rerum memorandarum. De viris illustribus) è costruita
tutta per exempla, e così il Petrarca teorizzava : « Exemplis abundo, sed illustribus, sed
veris, et quibus, nisi fallor, cum delectatione insit autoritas... Me quidem nichil est
quod moveat quantum exempla clarorum hominum», edito in F. Petrarca, Le familiari,
a cura di V. Rossi, II (Firenze, 1934), pp. 77-78 e cf. Kessler, ρ. 129. Sull'importanza
deWexemplum nella storiografia medievale ed umanistica vedi anche S. Battaglia, La
coscienza letteraria del Medioevo (Napoli, 1965), pp. 447-485.
39 «Quis enim ignorat quantum in dicendo sententiae nostrae ponderis sint habiturae,
cum possumus exempla piena dignitatis, piena auctoritate ex omni antiquitate proferre».
40 «Etsi enim virtus ipsa sua vi satis ad hoc valere deberet, tarnen si exempla ad
quae tamquam ad signum spectent, defuerint ... ».
41 S. Settis, «Severo Alessandro e i suoi Lari (S.H.A., S.A., 29, 2-3)», Athenaeum,
N.S., 50 (1972), p. 249.
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO 11
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12 Μ. MIGLIO
47 Boncompagni Uber de obsidione Ancone (a. 1173), ed. G.C. Zimolo, in R.I.S.2 6/3
(1937), p. 6.
48 Ibidem, p. 8.
49 Epistolario di Guarino Veronese, raccolto, ordinato, illustrato da R. Sabbadini, 3 vols
(Venezia, 1915-1919; reprint Torino, 1967), II, 310.
Il motivo, che da Guarino passerà al Barbaro (ed. cit. alla nota nr. 42, pp. 135-136),
trova la sua più completa utilizzazione nella lettera del Campano a Paolo II (citata alla
nota nr. 1); e cf. M. Miglio, «Note sul manoscritto del primo libro del 'De gestis
Pauli secundi' di Gaspare da Verona », in Miscellanea in memoria di Giorgio Cencetti,
(Torino, 1973), pp. 277-278.
50 «Quod si haec (quod in fabulis picturisque perspicue intueri licet ... vel in tabula
expressum) tantam vim habent quos historiam stimulos ad virtutem habituram putamus,
in qua non fictae personae inducuntur sed verae, non commentitiae res sed gestae, non
artificii ostentandi gratia editae orationes sed, ut feruntur, habitae exprimuntur ».
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO 13
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14 Μ. MIGLIO
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO 15
vantaggio del Biondo 60, per aver anche rispettato le leggi della a
storiografia : «Nam quae sunt primum hystoricis quasi impositae l
ut ne quid falsum admiscere audeant, ne quid verum praetermitt
ne ... a vera ac recta sententia deducantur, abs te diligentissime
servatae sunt» passo dove Lapo riprende integralmente Cicerone,
triplica anche quella che in lui era una sola legge, e sopratt
amplifica in un crescendo l'ultimo membro : invidia, gratia, metu
odio, cupiditate. I primi tre sostantivi, anche se in ordine inver
riportano — è interessante notarlo — senza possibilità per o
maggiori chiarimenti, ad un anonimo De historia, tramandato d
manoscritto in beneventana dell'ottavo secolo, che nel 1447 era an
conservato a Benevento61.
Ma importa soprattutto notare che l'opposizione del vero e del falso
introduce nella teorizzazione di Lapo un ulteriore sistema di controllo
e quindi di esclusione che, se può avere una validità, anche se parziale,
nella sfera dei fatti {acta) e della storia degli avvenimenti (eventus),
diventa invece discutibile nella storia delle idee (Consilia) ed in una
visione pedagogica della storia che deve essere utile (e conservo il
termine ciceroniano e di Lapo perchè estremamente significativo)
agentibus.
In una storia che vuole essere contemporanea, corollario al discri
minante dell'opposizione tra il vero ed il falso e diretta conseguenza
è la necessaria presenza dello storico ai fatti narrati e la sua abilità
nell'usare testimoni degni di fede e nel tralasciare tutto quello «quae
vero sermonem vulgi, auctorem rumoremque haberent, ut falsa et ficta »,
principio che costituisce un ulteriore sistema di esclusione62.
60 In un' altra sua opera, il Dialogus de Curiae Commodis, scritto nel 1438, cosi è
ricordato il Biondo : «Flavium Foroliviensera, virum non prudentem modo et gravem,
verum etiam ut duo superiores sui ordinis doctorum [Poggio Bracciolini e Cencio
de' Rustici] et in scribenda historia exercitatum, cui non nostri homines debere videntur,
quod maiorum consuetudinem referre ac renovare aggressus est et horum temporum res
gestas historiae monumentis persequi ac posteritati commendare»; edito in Prosatori
Latini del Quattrocento, a cura di E. Garin (Milano-Napoli, 1952), pp.206, 208.
61 E" edito in C. Halm, Rhetores latini minores (Lipsiae, 1863), pp. 588-589. Per il
manoscritto vedi E. A. Lowe, Scriptura Beneventana (Oxford, 1929), tav. IX, e A. Cam
pana, «Per la storia della biblioteca della cattedrale di Benevento», Bull. dell'Archivo
Paleografico Ita/., N. S., 2-3/1 (1956-57), pp. 157, 161. Per un commento al testo vedi
S. Mazzarino, Il pensiero storico classico, II/2 (Bari, 1966), pp. 13-14.
62 Nella lettera a Tobia del Borgo (ca. 1466) Guarino — riprendendo Serv. Aen. 1,
373 — dice; «Historia, ut plerisque placet auctoribus, earum rerum et temporum
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16 Μ. MIGLIO
*
* *
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO 17
65 Sabbadini, Storia, op. cit., pp. 76 sgg., e Sabbadini, La scoperta dei codici latini
e greci ne'secoli XIV e XV, 2 vols (Firenze, 1905-1914; edizione anastatica con nuove
aggiunte e correzioni dell'autore a cura di E, Garin, Firenze, 1967), [I], 100 e nota nr. 59.
66 Vedi sopra nota n. 62.
67 Cotroneo, pp. 3-8.
68 E. Santini, « La 'protestatio de iustitia' nella Firenze medicea del sec. XV »,
Rinascimento, 10 (1959), p. 35.
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18 Μ. MIGLIO
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO 19
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20 Μ. MIGLIO
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO 21
t) initus : C
u) habeam : Ρ
χ) suavitas : C
y) attinet : C, Ρ
w) videbatur : V, R
z) officiosius, aut ad communem utilitatem uberius sit aut : om. V
a) geometrica : R
b) iisdem : C, Ρ
c) qui : Ρ
d) subiecta : om. V
e) abdicta : C ; addita : Ρ
0 et : om. C
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22 Μ. MIGLIO
g) tarn : V ; cum : R
h) hinc tamquam : om. C
i) administranda : R
j) gerenda : om. V, C
k) possimus : R
1) ultima : R
m) cohortare : C
n) erant : add. C, Ρ
ο) sunt : om. C, P; supra lineam add. V
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO 23
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24 Μ. MIGLIO
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO 25
s) aliquid : V, R, Ρ
t) quid : V, R
u) haberet : C
v) quos : orti. C
w) commentiae : V, R ; commentie : Ρ
χ) inflammatur : C
y) a: R
z) avelli : V, R
a) voluerit : C
b) socors, adeo : om. V ; sacros : R; secors : C
c) quem : om. R
d) his : V, R
e) montes : C
f) obi : Ρ
g) errigere : C
h) enim : add. C
i) facio : C
j) vel : om. Ρ
k) affido : V, R
1) animum : R
m) properendum : C, R
n) forent : om. V, R
o) ea : om. V, R
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26 Μ. MIGLIO
ρ) quid : V, R
q) de fortunis : C
r) ad : om. R; in : C, Ρ
s) hiis : C
t) pertulisset : C
u) otioso ingenio : Ρ
ν) distributis : R
w) quodque : R
x) extiterunt : Ρ
y) egerit : C
z) ut; om. R
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO 27
a) inesse : V, R, C
b) utilitas : R
c) in : add. Ρ ante voluptate
d) que mi Flavi quidem tu : V, C
e) quod : C
f) viderere : C, Ρ
g) evanisset : V, R
h) vere mihi : Ρ; mihi : om. R
i) veritatis : Ρ
j)| conquesierunt : C, R; con add. Ρ
k) scripti : C
1) quod : om. R
m) pares esse eloquentia : R
n) potuerunt : Ρ
ο) in : om. C, R
p) quia : V
q) vel : Ρ
r) adverteres : V
s) contenta : V, R
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28 Μ. MIGLIO
obscuritate quadam ac t
illustranda te contulisti u
strenue recteque aut contr
modo vivos latere non po
necesse est plurimos abs
cupiditate saepe nominis
inertia desidiaque esse dep
Itaque simul et comparat
sane et inutilemy) cum
virtutis atque officii laud
scribendum copiam varieta
veteribus contendisses, nu
Nam quae sunt primumb)
falsumc) admiscere audeantd
gratia, metu, spe, odio, cupiditate, a vera ac recta sententia 15
deducantur, abs te diligentissime conservatae sunt. Nam et plerisque
ipse, ut opinor, interfuisti rebus gerendis et quibus minus interfuisses
eas investigando et percunctando ab hiise> apud quos gestae essent"
didicisti, e quibus quaeg) locupletissimis testibus niterentur, pro veris
probasti; quae vero sermonem vulgi auctorem rumoremque haberent, 20
ut falsa ac ficta omisistih).
Deinde, ea sine quibus hystoria illustris esse non potest, ordinem
temporum, locorum descriptiones, tum Consilia, acta, eventus miro
artificio prosecutus es, ut quod probandum videretur, summa cum"
t) et : C
u) eaque : Ρ
ν) ad : C
w) spe : om. C; saepe V
x) excitatas : V ; excitares : Ρ
y) et : add. C
z) cum : Ρ
a) elegantiam : C
b) primum ex primo supra Un. corr. Ρ
c) filum : C
d) audebant: V
e) his : V, C
f) sunt : deletum Ρ
g) quae : om. V, R
h) ommisisti : V, R
i) cum : om. V
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UNA LETTERA DI LAPO DA CASTIGLIONCHIO 29
j) ulla : om. V, R
k) quia : Ρ
1) attemptarit : V
m) probabilem : V, P, R
n) fussum : R
o) tactum : V ; fractum : Ρ
ρ) illis : V, R
q) neque : V, C
r) hiulse : C
s) non : P, C
t) a : C
u) sis : om. R
v) adhuc mihi : C, Ρ
w) expostulat : ex deletum Ρ
χ) communi ... animo et : om. C
y) humanitas : C, Ρ
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30 Μ. MIGLIO
ζ) facto : V
a) posteris : Ρ
b) vendicaret : C
c) mutiere : om. Ρ
d) errexeris : V
e) iidem : R
f) latemur : V, R
g) minus : V
h) esses : V, R
i) cuiusque : V
j) studia rectissima : R
k) ita me : C, Ρ
1) sic : om. V; si : R; fac : C
m) te : V, R
n) quoque : om. Ρ
ο) fatiendum : C
p) 1437: om. V, C, R, Ρ
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John .Mulryan
* This paper was originally presented in briefer form at the South-Central Renaissance
Conference, held at the University of Houston (Texas, U.S.A.) in March, 1973.
1 Ali subsequent references to the four great Italian mythographers will be to the
following editions of their mythographies : Giovanni Boccaccio, Genealogie Deorum
Gentilium Libri edited by Vincenzo Romano, 2 vols (Bari, 1951); Lilio Gregorio Giraldi,
De Deìs gentium varia & multiplex historia (Basel, 1560); Vincenzo Cartari, Le Imagini
Con La Sposinone De 1 Dei De Gliantichi (Venice, 1556); Natale Conti, Mythologia
(Frankfurt, 1581). Translations are my own.
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32 J. MULRYAN
2 Marsilio Ficino Claims that "Vulgaris amor est sanguinis perturbatio". Cf. the
autograph manuscript reproduced in Raymond Marcel, ed. Morsile Ficin, Commentaire
sur le banquet de Platon, Les Classiques De L'Humanisme (Paris, 1956), p. 252. Ali
subsequent references to Ficino are to this edition.
3 Cf. Ficino : p. 235 : "Quomodo anima a corporis pulchritudine ad dei pulchritudinem
elevetur". And Baldasarre Castiglione, Il Libro del Cortigiano, edited by Giulio Preti
(Torino, 1960), p.428 : "... l'amor ragionale è più felice che'l sensuale Castiglione
also asserts (pp. 425-426) that Beauty is bodiless and should not be linked with the
foulness of matter: "...e prima considerar che'l corpo, ove quella bellezza risplende,
non è il fonte ond'ella nasce, anzi che la bellezza, per esser cosa incorporea e, come
avemo detto, un raggio divino, perde molto della sua dignità trovandosi congiunta con
quel subietto vile e corruttibile; perché tanto più è perfetta quanto men di lui participa
e da quello in tutto separata è perfetissima ...". (This and ali subsequent references to
Castiglione are to the Preti edition).
4 "Si intellectualia, angelus erit et Dei filius, et si nulla creaturarum sorte contentus
in unitatis centrum suae se receperit, unus cum Deo spiritus factus, in solitaria Patris
caligine qui est super omnia constitutus omnibus antestabit". Giovanni Pico della
Mirandola, De Dignitate Hominis, edited by Eugenio Garin, Edizione nazionale dei
classici del pensiero italiano, I (Firenze, 1942), p. 106. Ali subsequent references to
Pico are to this edition.
5 The term "Courtly Love" has occasioned so much controversy that the scholar
uses it at his perii. I have employed the term here in the restrictive sense of love as
it appears in the literature of the Middle Ages, without reference to actual love
practise in medieval society. Cf. Andreas Capellanus, De amore libri tres, recensuit
E. Trojel (Copenhagen, 1892; second unchanged reprint: München, 1972) for the
standard summary of the courtly love code, and The Meaning of Courtly Love, edited
by Francis X. Newman (Albany, 1968), for some modem views on the problem.
6 For Capellanus, Love is suffering caused by an attraction for a member of the
opposite sex (Book one, introduction to the treatise on love). Castiglione says that
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VENUS, CUPID AND THE ITALIAN MYTHOGRAPHERS 33
and the spiritual rather than the physical aspects of love. Courtly love
may be examined in Andreas Capellanus and Jean de Meun, neo
platonism in Marsilio Ficino and Baldesare Castiglione.
Courtly love is extravagant in its praise of womankind, but is
basically antifeminist in that the woman is portrayed as a scornful
mistress and ultimately loses her status when she engages in the physical
act of sex7 ; neoplatonism is pro-feminist in that the lady is the source
of Inspiration for the lover ; she enables him to develop himself as a
person and ultimately, like all beautiful creatures, leads him back to
God, full circle through all the marvels of creation8. In courtly love,
the bodily passion is the beginning and end of love ; in neoplatonism,
if the body is not condemned outright9, it is regarded as simply a
stage in the development of the love relationship, which actually
culminates in a totally dematerialized identification of the lover with
the soul of the beloved 10.
On the practical side, and apart from the personal development the
"... perché ancora nel principio e nel mezzo di questo amore altro non si sente già mai
che affanni, tormenti, dolori, stenti, fatiche; di modo che l'esser pallido, afflitto, in
continue lacrime e sospiri, il star mesto, il tacer sempre ο lamentarsi, il desiderar di
morire, in somma l'esser infelicissimo, non le condicioni che si dicono convenir agli
inamorati" (p. 415).
7 "Quapropter libido coitus, id est, coeundi, et amor, non modo non iidem motus
sed et contrarli esse monstrantur... Turbulentus autem ardor, quo ad lasciviam
rapimur, cum ad deformitatem trahat, amori contrarius iudicatur" (Ficino, p. 143).
See also the plucking of the rose in Jean de Meun's Roman de la Rose, pp. 462-464
(New York, 1962).
8 "Divina vero hec speties in omnibus amorem, hoc est, sui desiderium procreavit.
Quoniam si deus ad se rapit mundum mundusque rapitur, unus quidam continuus
attractus est a deo incipiens, transiens in mundum, in deum denique desinens, qui quasi
circulo quodam in idem unde manavit iterum remeat". (Ficino, p. 146).
9 Cf. the Hermetica, where the body is referred to as follows (Corpus Hermeticum,
edited by A. D. Knock (Paris 1960), I, vii, 81-82) : πρώτον 8ε Sci σε ττερψρήξασθαι òv φο
ρείς χιτώνα, το της άγνωσίας ύφασμα, το της κακίας στηρυγμα, τον της φθοράς δεσμό ν, τον
σκοτεινον ττερίβολον, τον ζώντα θάνατον, τον αίσθητόν νεκρόν, τον περιφόρητον τάφον, τον
ενοικον ληστην, τον δι'ών φιλεΐ μιοονντα και δι'ων μισεί φθονονντα.
10 Love, according to Castiglione, must progress from the lowest 'scala' : "Indiriciamo
adunque tutti i pensieri e le forze dell'anima nostra a questo santissimo lume, che ci
mostra la via che al ciel conduce; e drieto a quello, spogliandoci gli affetti che nel
descendere ci eravamo vestiti, per la scala che nell'infimo grado tiene l'ombra di
bellezza sensuale ascendiamo alla sublime stanzia ove abita la celeste, amabile e vera
bellezza, che nei secreti penetrali di Dio sta nascosta, acciò che gli occhi profani veder
non la possano..." (pp. 436-437).
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34 J. MULRYAN
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VENUS, CUPID AND THE ITALIAN MYTHOGRAPHERS 35
foolish, creative and destructive, a source of both life and death, beauty
and ugliness, good and evil. All of these paradoxes are expressed
beautifully through the Venus-Cupid myth, and, as I hope to show,
most definitively and conveniently in the mythographies of the great
Italian masters.
II.
13 One of the basic problems with Boccaccio's account of the Venus-Cupid myth is
the extensive and confusing proliferation of Information over numerous chapters
organized according to genealogy : III, xxxi, "De Hermafrodito et Veneris filio"; III, xxii,
"De Venere magna VI Celi filia"; III, xxiii, "De secunda Venere Celi VII filia et matre
Cupidinis"; III, xxiv, "De Cupidine Veneris filio" ; IX, iv, "De Cupidine 1 Martis filio,
qui genuit Voluptatem"; IX, v, "De Voluptate filia Cupidinis"; XI, iv, "De Venere
Iovis XI Filia, quae peperit Amorem"; XI, v, "De Amore XII Iovis filia".
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36 J. MULRYAN
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VENUS, CUPID AND THE ITALIAN MYTHOGRAPHERS 37
14 "... quod amore capti ab aspectu, quasi vulnere a longe feriantur, necque audeant
formosos attingere ... Geminus Cupido cognominatus ... ut mater Venus Gemina ... quod
scilicet coelestis sit... sed etiam propter geminum sexum" (p. k iv).
15 Cf. Don Cameron Alien, Mvsteriously Meant : The Rediscovery of Pagan Symbolism
and Allegorical Interpretation in The Renaissance (Baltimore, 1970), p. 221.
16 Alien, p. 232.
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38 J. MULRYAN
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VENUS, CUPID AND THE ITALIAN MYTHOGRAPHERS 39
19 "...Amore... perche non è altro che un pazzo desiderio mentre che alla libidine
solamente è intento..." (p. DDlv).
20 "Hanc unam denique mundum procreasse, et procreatum nutrire et conservare
crediderunt..." (ρ. B3).
21 "Atque haec ea fere sunt quae de Venere ab antiquis scriptoribus tradita sunt:
nunc quid ea significent perquiramus" (p. B6v).
22 "Sunt igitur in singulis animalibus spiritus quidam ad conciliandos amores
praepotentes, quibus temperies aeris pro lena est..." (ρ. B7).
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40 J. MULRYAN
23 "atque ut uno verbo dicam, nihil est prope nefarium, impium, temerarium, cuius
Cupido non sit auctor" (p. C5v).
24 "Huic sagittas tribuerunt, ob supplicia quae insani patiuntur, cum potius ob
mirificam divinae mentis celeritatem quae per omnia transfunditur, et acutissime penetrai,
magis illae conveniant" (p. CI).
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VENUS, CUPID AND THE ITALIAN MYTHOGRAPHERS 41
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Dirk Van Kerchove
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 43
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44 D. VAN FCERCHOVE
In 1533 he took the degree of M.A. at the University of Louvain and started his
study of Greek, Hebrew and law. It is clear therefore that Chilius and Masius were
studente of the Trilingue at the same time. Later Masius took part in the work on the
Bibita Polyglotta (Antwerp, Plantin, 1572). He died 7 April 1573. See i.a. M. Lossen,
Briefe von Andreas Masius und seinen Freunden, 1538 bis 1573 (Leipzig, 1886);
H. de Vocht, 'Andreas Masius (1514-1573)', in Miscellanea Giovanni Mercati (Rome,
1946), IV, 425-441.
15 A. Sanderus, Bibliotheca Belgica Manuscripta (Lille, 1641), 150-151 : 'Index
librorum mss. bibliothecae monasterii Dunensis, ordinis Cistertiensis in Flandria ... —
Classis prima: S. Scriptura eiusque interpretes. A... Adrianus Chilius. Psalterium ab
ipso ex Chaldaico in Latinum translatum, seu potius Paraphrasis in illud.'.
16 M. Lossen, Briefe von A. Masius, p. 7 (Letter of Ludovicus Gensius of 7 April
1540).
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 45
20 v. 997 : exerrare (Cf. i.a. Statius, Thebais, VI.444); v. 305 : ementulatus and v. 349 :
officinula, known both from mediaeval sources (Cf. C. Du Cange, Glossarium Mediae
et Inftmae Lalinitatis).
21 On thisaspect of Latin vocabulary see J. IJsewijn, "Le latin des humanistes franpais :
évolution et étude comparative", in L'humanisme franfais au début de la Renaissance.
Colloque international de Tours-XIV' Stage (Paris, 1973), pp. 329-342.
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46 D. VAN KERCHOVE
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 47
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48 D. VAN KERCHOVE
II. 1111-1112: Er. (f. 98) 'Fuere quondam strenui Milesii' and Ch. :
'Ohm fuere strenui/Milesii.
Further instances are to be found in 11.374-375 (= f.41 );
11. 436-437 (= f. 247 +f. 152); 11. 903-904 (= f. 141);
1. 1071 ( = f. 93); 11. 1207-1208 (= f. 223).
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 49
- Our edition
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50 D. VAN KERCHOVE
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ARI
STOPHANIS
COMICI FACE
tissimi Plutus
ADRIANO CHI
lio interprete
PLUTUS
ANTVERPIAE
AN.M.D.XXXIII
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Ioan. Theodori Nervii 1
Petrus Curius2
1 We hardly know anything about Ioannes Theodori Nervius. "Nervius" may indicate
that he was bom in Hainaut. He stayed at Bruges, where he wrote these few verses
for Chilius's translation of Plulus. Vivès once wrote favourably on him : see L. Vivès,
Opera omnia, ed. G. Majansius (Valencia, 1782-1790), I, 298.
2 Petrus Curius (Van den Hove) was headmaster at St. Winoksbergen. He published
a dictionary, entitled Rerum maxime vulgarium congesta per locos in puerorum gratiam
vocabula, Graece et Teutonice interpretata. In fine adiunctae sunt ex Pappa Murmeliii
oratiunculae graece traductae, printed by Hillenius in 1538. According to Valerius, Curius
is also the author of a Grammatica Graeca et Latina, published in Antwerp in 1530.
Moreover he wrote some verses in recommendation of Chilius's Plutus and Lapidanus's
De non timenda morte (Louvain, Rescius, 1533). He died before 7 October 1541.
H. de Vocht, History of the Collegium Trilingue Lovaniense, III, 259.
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 53
Idem Curius
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54 D. VAN KERCHOVE
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 55
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D. VAN KERCHOVE
Carion servus
Chremylus herus
Plutus
Blepsidemus
Paupertas
Uxor Chremyli
Iustus
Sycophanta
Anus
Adolescens
Mercurius
Sacrificus
Argumentum
9 Aesculapii A : Aisculapii B.
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 57
Carion
Carion
Scio.
15 praeimus A : praeimuus B.
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8 D. VAN KERCHOVE
CHREMYLUS
Fateor.
CHREMYLUS
In hunc.
Carion
Parum quidem
Sapis, ο inepte, numinis necdum quidem
45 Mentem tenes, monentem, ut huius patriae
Tibi gnatus hic exercitetur moribus.
Chremylus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 59
Chremylus
Plutus
Dii te perduint.
Carion
Chremylus
Plutus
Carion
Chremylus
58 namque Β : nanque A.
59 perduint emendavi : perdiunt A B.
60 namque Β : nanque A.
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>0 D. VAN KERCHOVE
PLUTUS
Chremylus
Haudquaquam hercule.
Carion
Chremylus
Rape ocyus.
Plutus
Minime precor
Chremylus
Non dixeris?
Plutus
Chremylus
En omittimus.
Plutus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 61
Carion
Hunc maxime.
Chremylus
Plutus
Imo ipsissimus.
Chremylus
Plutus
Fateor.
86 hunc A: huc B.
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62 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Chremylus
Plutus
Fugiam
Chremylus
Integrosne adibis?
Plutus
Maxime.
100 Sunt nanque longo tempore haud visi mihi.
Chremylus
Plutus
Chremylus
Plutus
Chremylus
Plutus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 63
PLUTUS
Non hercule,
At universi per lovem.
Carion
Non id feres
Impune, quin acerrime poenas lues.
Chremylus
PLUTUS
Carion
PLUTUS
Chremylus
An id non facit,
125 Te quisquis impingentem oberrare patitur?
Plutus
Chremylus
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64 D. VAN KERCHOVE
PLUTUS
Chremylus
Plutus
Mene?
Chremylus
Per pecuniam,
Namque hac abundat.
Chremylus
Hic.
Chremylus
Carion
Chremylus
Porro author unus Plutus est
Facileque finem imponet istis, si velit.
Plutus
Quid ita?
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 65
Chremylus
PLUTUS
Quonam modo?
Chremylus
Quonam modo?
Nam quid quis emerit videlicet nisi
Praesens pecuniam ipse tu suffeceris?
Adeo, ut Iovis vires facile unus fregeris,
Siquid molestus forte erit.
Plutus
Carion
Chremylus
Meritorios
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56 D. VAN KERCHOVE
CARION
Quid itaque?
Chremylus
Carion
Chremylus
PLUTUS
Chremylus
Carion
Chremylus
Carion
Chremylus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 67
Carion
Carion
Chremylus
Turrisne Timothei?
Carion
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68 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Carion
et panis,
Chremylus
suavis musicae,
Carion
Tragematum,
Chremylus
honoris,
Carion
Et fortitudinis,
Carion
nucum,
Chremylus
ambitionis,
Carion
ac
Offae,
Chremylus
imperiique bellici,
Carion
lentis itidem.
Chremylus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 69
PLUTUS
Chremylus
PLUTUS
PLUTUS
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70 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Plutus
Prospicite.
Chremylus
Carion
Chremylus
Carion
Chremylus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 71
Chremylus
Plutus
Scio.
Chremylus
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D. VAN KERCHOVE
Chorus
Chorus
Chorus
Carion
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 73
Carion
Chorus
Carion
Chorus
Carion
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74 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Baiando, te ut appraehendimus fa
Peram gerentem, roscidaque olerà
Balantibus ducem oviculis Dimetra
310 Temere uspiam Stratum mero, Acatalectica
Ingente correpta praeusta sude, oculum Tetrametra
eruentes Catalectica
Carion
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 75
Chremylus
Chorus
Chremylus
Blepsidemus
Blepsidemus
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76 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Chremylus
Blepsidemus
Quidnam?
Chremylus
Rogas?
Blepsidemus
Chremylus
Blepsidemus
Chremylus
Blepsidemus
Si quid Deo
Furatus argenti vel auri, huc veneris,
370 Cuius dein te forsitan poenituerit.
Chremylus
Blepsidemus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS
Blepsidemus
Chremylus
Blepsidemus
Chremylus
Blepsidemus
Cuius rei?
Chremylus
Agitat malus
Te genius hercle.
Blepsidemus
Minime profecto.
Blepsidemus
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78 D. VAN KERCHOVE
CHREMYLUS
CHREMYLUS
Blepsidemus
Blepsidemus
Ipse te,
Ut arbitror
CHREMYLUS
Blepsidemus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 79
Chremylus
405 Deum
Ipsum.
Blepsidemus
Intus.
Blepsidemus
Ubi?
Chremylus
Apud me.
Blepsidemus
Apud te?
Chremylus
Ita.
Blepsidemus
An vera narras?
Chremylus
Maxime.
Blepsidemus
Per Vestam?
Chremylus
Etiam Neptunum.
Blepsidemus
An aequoreum putas?
405 quemnam A : qu. . nam, minus clare impressum, B.
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80 D. VAN KERCHOVE
CHREMYLUS
CHREMYLUS
CHREMYLUS
Blepsidemus
Quid?
CHREMYLUS
Blepsidemus
Ecquis? Cedo.
CHREMYLUS
CHREMYLUS
Blepsidemus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 81
Chremylus
Blepsidemus
Scrutemur.
Chremylus
At non est.
Blepsidemus
Blepsidemus
Adeo utique.
Blepsidemus
Propera.
Chremylus
430 Ο Hercules.
Paupertas
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ol D. VAN KERCHOVE
Blepsidemus
Chremylus
Cauponariam,
440 Leguminumve venditricem. Haud enim adeo
Inclamitasses, laesa quidem a nobis nihil.
Paupertas
Blepsidemus
Paupertas
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 83
Blepsidemus
Minime omnium.
Chremylus
Non manseris?
455 Unam mulierem nos, viri duo, fugimus?
Blepsidemus
Chremylus
Blepsidemus
Bono
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o4 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Paupertas
Chremylus
Paupertas
Chremylus
Paupertas
Chremylus
Paupertas
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 85
Paupertas
Blepsidemus
Paupertas
Blepsidemus
Paupertas
Chremylus
Paupertas
Quicquid libet.
Blepsidemus
Dicis perbene.
Paupertas
Blepsidemus
Chremylus
Huic
Quidem, at duae nobis simul suffecerint.
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86 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Paupertas
Chremylus
Blepsidemus
Chremylus
515 Nam quibus haec vita modis nostra afficitur, vel cuinam homin
ista
Non esse insania, vel malo agi genio potius videatur?
Siquidem, quo quis sceleratior, hoc est ferme, re male parta,
Opulentior. At contra, quisquis probus est, miser hic miseram
atque
Duram vivit vitam, esuriens, quo saepe potire sodale.
ANAPAESTICA Β : ANAPESTICA A.
ANAPAESTICA TETRAMETRA CATALECTICA : haec verbo collocata sunt post v.
509 videat A : viderit B. 502 in editione B.
514 rogitato A : rogitabo B.
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 87
Chremylus
Paupertas
Nullus erit mango profecto, tua isthaec nisi sint vana, mih
Iam occinuisti. Quis enim volet id facere, atque subire per
540 Vitae formidanda suae, opibus dorili abundans? Itaque
Ipse et fodere et terram invertere aratro, reliquosque vorar
Agri sudores, vitam agitabis mage quam nunc inamoenam.
540 formidanda A : formidandae B.
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öö D. VAN KERCHOVE
Chremylus
Paupertas
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 89
Chremylus
Chremylus
Blepsidemus
Paupertas
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90 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Chremylus
Paupertas
Chremylus
Paupertas
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 91
CHREMYLUS
Atqui hoc ipso sane indicat ipsum sibi Plutum in pretio esse,
Utpote cui parcens, nihil adimi velit, aut abrodier hilum
Nugisque meris victores ornans, Plutum ipsum sibi servai.
Paupertas
Vosne inficiari audere, haec quin per me omnia sint bona vob
CHREMYLUS
Paupertas
Paupertas
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92 D. VAN KERCHOVE
CHREMYLUS
CHREMYLUS
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 93
Carion
Chremylus
Carion
Chorus
UXOR
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?4 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Ubi sunt?
Carion
Uxor
Carion
Carion
Uxor
Carion
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 95
Carion
Carion
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D. VAN KERCHOVE
Neutiquam.
Post id ego quiddam egi inibì ridiculum nimis.
Adeunte siquidem eo, pepedi acerbius,
Namque mihi venter torminibus intumuerat.
Uxor
Carion
Carion
Uxor
Uxor
Heu miserum.
719 Namque B: Nanque A.
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 97
Carion
Sub haec
Metu ilico correptus occului caput.
Siquidem ille perspectis in orbem singulis
Morbis, obambulabat incessu gravi.
730 Deinde saxeum ei puer mortarium
Apposuit, et cochlear et arculam simul.
Uxor
Num saxeam?
Carion
Uxor
Carion
Uxor
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yi5 D. VAN K.ERCHOVE
CARION
UXOR
Ο dii propitii.
Carion
Carion
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 99
Uxor
Carion
Uxor
Carion
Plütus
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100 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Uxor
Plutus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 101
UXOR
Vir hic
Foelix quidem nunc est, miser dudum licet.
Carion
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102 D. VAN KERCHOVE
lUSTUS
Sic hercle.
Carion
Iustus
Prorsus quidem.
Carion
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 103
lUSTUS
Carion
Cedo id quoque.
875 In hocne magnis initiatus es sacris?
Iustus
Carion
Ohm ea adsolent
Mecum cohybernare.
Carion
Iustus
Maxime.
Carion
Sycophanta
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104 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Iustus
Sycophanta
Sycophanta
Huic mihi.
Carion
Scelerosus et
Sycophanta
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 105
Carion
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106 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Carion
Sycophanta
Carion
Iustus
Frigus forsitan
Huiusmodi quando est amictus penula.
Sycophanta
Sycophanta
Quid?
924 Nae A : Ne B.
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 107
lUSTUS
Esne agricola?
Sycophanta
lUSTUS
Quid? An negotiator?
Sycophanta
Nullam profecto.
lUSTUS
Sycophanta
Negotia
Ego publica et privata curo singula.
Iustus
Sycophanta
Volo.
Iustus
Sycophanta
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108 D. VAN KERCHOVE
lUSTUS
Sycophanta
Non
lacentibus succurrere urbis legibus,
Aut, ne quis erret, praevidere erit meum?
Iustus
Sycophanta
Quis deferet?
Iustus
Iustus
Sycophanta
Iustus
Haud tuam
Mutaveris sententiam?
Sycophanta
Nunquam aedepol,
Etsi vel hunc donaveris Plutum mihi
Ipsumque Batti silphium.
963 donaveris A : donave. is B.
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 109
Iustus
Iustus
965 Dein
Exuito te.
Carion
Sycophanta
Caeterum
Carion
Imo ego
Is sum.
Sycophanta
Carion
Sycophanta
Carion
Sycophanta
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110 D. VAN KERCHOVE
CARION
Nunc clamitas?
Sycophanta
Carion
Carion
Cui, obsecro,
Ea dedicanda potius esset, quam viro huic
Et improbo et furi? Deum autem vestibus
Ornarier decet his honestioribus.
Iustus
Carion
Sycophanta
Iustus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 111
CARION
At istum balneator testibus
Anus
CHREMYLUS
Anus
Neutiquam sane.
CHREMYLUS
Tibi
Non sorte literaria obtigit ut bibas?
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112 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Anus
Chremylus
Anus
Neque haec
Tarnen libidinis petere se causa ait
1025 A me, ast amoris, et ut meam ipse penulam
Gestans meminerit mei.
Chremylus
Anus
Sed execrandus hic
Coepit animo in me alio esse longe quam prius.
1018 bis A : is B.
1020 pallam A : palam B.
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 113
Chremylus
die obsecro, quid fecit is?
Anus
Chremylus
Anus
Chremylus
1040 Ut scilicet
Efferret.
Anus
Chremylus
Ut aliquid
Ei dares.
Anus
Chremylus
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114 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Anus
Chremylus
Anus
Atque bellulas
Aiebat esse mihi manus.
Chremylus
Ut prompserant
Bis scilicet drachmas decem.
Anus
Id quoque addidit,
Meam suave olere cuticulam.
Chremylus
Haud quidem
1055 Iniuria, ubi Thasion eidem infuderas.
Anus
Anus
Chremylus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 115
Anus
Chremylus
Chremylus
Anus
Hei mihi,
Moerore tota emarcui, ο charissime.
Chremylus
Anus
1070 Ac
Per annu
Chremylus
Si forte sit cribri annulus.
Anus
Chremylus
Adolescens
Salvete.
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116 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Anus
Quid ait?
Adolescens
Ohe,
Quibus impetor miserrima heic iniuriis !
Chremylus
Anus
Chremylus
Adolescens
1090 Tandemne mecum luseris?
Anus
Ubi ο miselle?
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 117
Adolescens
Anus
Chremylus
Adolescens
Anus
Adolescens
Chremylus
Anus
Adolescens
Anus
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118 D. VAN K.ERCHOVE
CHREMYLUS
Adolescens
CHREMYLUS
Adolescens
Quo crimine?
Chremylus
Adolescens
Chremylus
Cur non?
Adolescens
Chremylus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 119
Adolescens
Chremylus
Adolescens
Adolescens
Intro te
Anus
Atque ei
Ego quoque dictum nonnihil quidem volo.
Adolescens
Adolescens
Anus
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D. VAN KERCHOVE
Chremymus
Chori spacium
Carion
Carion
Mercurius
Carion
Carion
Mercurius
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 121
Carion
At minus
Tandem sapis?
Mercurius
Carion
Carion
Carion
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122 D. VAN KERCHOVE
Mercurius
Mercurius
Mercurius
Mercurius
Mercurius
Carion
Carion
Nam
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 123
Mercurius
Carion
Mercurius
Mercurius
1195 Atriensem ad has vos me fores
Ponite strophaeon.
Carion
An strophaeon? At strophis
Hic neutiquam aut ullis opus fallaciis.
Mercurius
Quin institorem?
Carion
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124 D VAN K.ERCHOVE
Mercurius
Imo vel
Mercurius
At ducem.
Carion
Mercurius
Mercurius
Carion
Sacrificus
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 125
Carion
Quia
1220 Nemo suis dignatur hostiis deos.
Carion
Qua grada?
Sacrificio
Carion
Carion
Animo sis bono,
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D. VAN K.ERCHOVE
Sacrificus
Bona nuntias.
Carion
Plutum foras
Hörsum evocet vestrum aliquis.
Anus
Anus
Carion
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ARISTOPHANES'S PLUTUS 127
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Arnold Huttmann
DIE MEDIZIN
IN DER LATEINISCHEN KOSMOGRAPHIE
DES HUMANISTEN JOHANNES HONTERUS
(1498-1549)
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DIE MEDIZIN JOHANNES HONTERUS 129
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130 A. HUTTMANN
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DIE MEDIZIN JOHANNES HONTERUS 131
9 Ibidem, S. 6.
10 Ibidem, S. 1.
11 Gerhard Engelmann, »Die Kosmographie des Johannes Honter in ihrer Krakauer
Erstfassung 1530«, Studia dziejów geografa i kartografii (Etudes d'histoire de la Géo
graphie et de la Cartographie). Polska Akademia nauk. Zaklad historii nauki i techniki.
Tom LXXXVII (Wroclaw-Warszawa-Kraków-Gdànsk, 1973), S. 319.
12 Paul van de Woestijne, De vroegste uitgaven van Avienus' Descriptio orbis terrae
(1488-1515) (Brüssel, 1959).
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132 A. HUTTMANN
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DIE MEDIZIN JOHANNES HONTERUS 133
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134 A. HUTTMANN
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DIE MEDIZIN JOHANNES HONTERUS 135
Was dann übrig noch ist und nicht in den Versen sich findet,
Werden die Schriften gar leicht gelehrter Männer dir bieten.
Meiner Muse gerecht, hab ich ernster Arbeit gewartet,
Als die erschütterte Brust in schwerem Bangen erbebte,
Mitten im Kampf und im Groll des böse zürnenden Dämons
Bessere Verse als ich soll drum ein andrer singen.
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A. HUTTMANN
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DIE MEDIZIN JOHANNES HONTERUS 137
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38 A. HUTTMANN
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DIE MEDIZIN JOHANNES HONTERUS 139
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140 A. HUTTMANN
Zwischen Lepra und Krätze konnte damals noch nicht genau unter
schieden werden, weshalb für diese Krankheiten ganz allgemein die
Begriffe Lepra, Petigo, Psora und Scabies verwendet wurden.
Wegen ihrer leichteren Erkennbarkeit nehmen bei Honterus die
äusseren Krankheiten der Haut und der Weichteile mit 63 Bezeich
nungen einen relativ breiten Raum ein, wobei es sich in 34 Fällen
um Erkrankungen der Haut, Haare und Nägel handelt. In 68 Fällen
(52% aller zitierten Krankheiten) handelt es sich allerdings um
innere Krankheiten, wobei auch solche aufgezählt werden, die zu jener
Zeit nur schwer zu diagnostizieren waren, wie Krebs, Bauchwassersucht
(Ascites), Darmverschlingung (Ileos) und Diabetes.
Noch heute gelten diejenigen medizinischen Aktivitäten als qualitativ
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DIE MEDIZIN JOHANNES HONTERUS 141
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142 A. HUTTMANN
veröffentlicht, die infolge ihres grossen Erfolges bei der Leserschaft bis
1562 noch 14mal in dieser Stadt neu aufgelegt wurde. In Kronstadt
erschien sie 1539, 1548, 1555 und 156728.
In seiner Kronstädter Buchdruckerei gab Honterus ab 1539 folgende
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DIE MEDIZIN JOHANNES HONTERUS 143
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144 A. HUTTMANN
europäischen mittelalterlichen K
der zyrillisch-slawischen Kultur3
Regni Transylvaniae et Partium
Unterbrechungen in klassischem
mittelalterlichem oder modernem
wurde allerdings ausschliesslich
Noch im Juni 1861 benützte ein Kronstädter Arzt auf seiner Reise nach
Bukarest einen in lateinischer Sprache abgefassten Reisepass35.
Die medizinischen Dissertationen, aber auch naturwissenschaftliche,
z.B. botanische Arbeiten erschienen, wie im übrigen Europa, in
lateinischer Sprache. Erst im Gefolge der Aufklärung wurde seit dem
Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts der Gebrauch der Muttersprache mehr und
mehr üblich. Nun erst kam es, gleichzeitig mit dem Erstarken des
nationalen Gedankens, auch in Siebenbürgen allmählich zu einer
Abwendung von der durch die Humanisten des 16. Jahrhunderts
propagierten Neolatinität.
D-51 Aachen
Maria-Theresia-Allee 179.
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Geneviève Demerson-Barthelot
Devolution spirituelle
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146 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 147
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148 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
Bien que Pasquier soit chrétien, poursuit l'érudit italien, il note sans
acrimonie l'attitude de Brinon, qui n'a pas cherché à donner un but à
son existence, se contentant de vivre heureux, indifferent à l'opinion :
... Content je passay ma vie
Sans à autre faire tort
Qu'à moy-mesme, puis suis mort
Quand plus j'en avois d'envie 16.
1586, ρ. 47) nous ont-ils transmis sous le nom de Dorat un poème Ad Sideridem, mais
Dorat a pu prèter sa piume à son ami. Sidère peut aussi étre le surnom d'une autre
dame légère.
14 «Pasquier attribuisce a Brinon un sentimento puramente pagano della vita» (op.
cit., p. 167).
15 Op. cit., p. 166.
16 Op. cit., p. 167.
17 Op. cit., p. 866.
18 Cf. Busson, Rationalisme, p. 379, η. 1.
19 Op. cit., p. 378, n. 4.
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 149
Dorat ne disait pas autre chose quand le conseiller était en vie, par
exemple lorsqu'il lui présentait comme étrennes son poème en hendéca
syllabes intitulé Villanis pour qu'on le lùt
Inter vina poetieasque mensas
Non tristi... in corona26.
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150 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
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L,ATTITÜDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 151
34 L'ode fut publiée pour la première fois par les soins de N. Denisot en juin 1550
dans le recueil de ΓHecatodistichon des sceurs Seymour (sign. C.ij.r) et l'année suivante
dans le Tombeau de Marguerite de Valois (Sign. H.iij.v). Elle connut de multiples
publications dans les oeuvres des disciples, et a été relevée dans les Odarum lib. II de
l'auteur (in Poematia, 1586), pp. 187-188.
35 J. Calvin, Lettres, éd. Bonnet (Paris, 1854), t. I, p. 111.
36 Cf. Busson, Rationalisme, p. 333 et n. 3.
37 Oraison funèbre de l'incomparable Marguerite, royne de Navarre... (Paris, 1550),
p. 122.
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152 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
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L,ATTITÜDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 153
42 Cf. par ex. Ad divam Caeciliam ..., hymne de Dorat à Sainte Cécile (Paris, 1575).
43 STFM (Société des textes frangais modernes), t. 3, p. 53.
44 Ronsard, STFM, t.3, p. 50-53. du Beilay, STFM, t.4, pp. 40-43; Baif, éd. Marty
Laveaux, t.2, pp. 365-366. L'ode fut aussi traduite en italien par J.P. de Mesmes, et
un peu plus tard en frangais encore par M. CI. Buttet, protégé de Madame Marguerite,
devenue duchesse de Savoie.
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154 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 155
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156 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
Sans trop forcer le trait, on pourrait dire que, dans cette optique,
Hercule, le héros qui se dévoue pour les hommes et accède finalement
à l'immortalité, a donné l'exemple au Christ.
A coup sùr, en effet, la méthode allégorisante que préconisait Dorat,
et qui avait été celle de Marguerite, est responsable de Γ Hercule chré
tien de Ronsard. Pour un poète chrétien, les travaux du héros mythique
offrent une typologie des épreuves du Christ-homme :
... la plus part des choses qu'on escrit
D'Hercule, est due à un seul Jésus-Christ58 ;
aux yeux d'un poète paganisé, ces travaux sont un modèle pöur tous
les bienfaiteurs de l'humanité (parmi lesquels, le Christ).
Il existe un mythe qui présente un héros sortant épuisé des eaux de
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L,ATTITÜDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 157
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158 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
63 Dès 1558, Dorat écrivait dans le Carmen pindaricum offerì à Ch. de Lorraine
(antistrophe 7): «Se, qui volet, esse creatum/Optet ilio seculo/Falcifer quo Rex egenos/
Temperabat atque rudes populos; / Me iuvat nunc esse natum (Paris, 1558, sign.
C.iiij.v).
64 Parmi Ies liminaires de la Cosmographie universelle d'André Thevet (Paris, 1575).
J'ai consulté le volume Fol. Ζ. Le Senne 309 de la Bibl. Nation.
65 Epigr. lib. III (in Poématia, 1586), pp. 17-18.
66 Paris, Bibl. Nation., Ms. Lat. 8139, f. 86. Le Tumutus a été imprimé en Appendice de la
thèse latine de P. Robiquet (voir note 2), pp. 135-136.
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L,ATTITÜDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 159
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160 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
74 Sign. A.ij.r.
75 Dans le troisième volume du mème collectif Bibl. Nat., Rés. m.Yc. 925 : Adriani
Turnebi regii philosophiae professoris clarissimi Tumulus, a doctis quibusdam viris e Graeco,
Latino et Gallico Carmine excitatus (Paris, 1565), f. [A.iiii.r].
76 I. 28-29 : les orateurs s'y installent pour leur entretien docte et amicai.
77 Adriani Turnebi ... Tumulus, o.e., f. [A.iiiiJ],
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 161
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162 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
Malgré le pluriel, il est difficile de croire que le poète ait en vue une
autre expérience que la sienne. Il n'est pas surprenant de le voir
s'accuser de s'ètre livré, aux temps de prospérité, à des ébats trop
effrontés : les commensaux de Médan et la joyeuse troupe d'Arcueil
n'engendraient pas la mélancolie, c'est le moins qu'on puisse dire85.
83 Comme il le dit à Amyot dans une épitre qui précède l'ode (sign. A.ij.r).
84 Cf. Saint Paul, Ad Co!., III. 9.
85 Alors qu'il était principal de Coqueret il semble avoir eu une vie «sentimentale»
agitée. Il se maria le 21 décembre 1548 «par sentence de l'officiai de Josas» rapporte
Marty-Laveaux (Dorat, CEuvres poétiques, ρ. XVII) qui continue: «l'intervention de
l'officiai, juge ecclésiastique, dont une des principales attributions était les procès
entrepris pour obtenir mariage, semble prouver que Dorat a été poursuivi pour
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 163
séduction ou enlèvement». Cependant, s'il avait négligé de légitimer son union par le
sacrement de mariage, il semble avoir été fort attaché à la mère de son enfant et à
l'enfant elle-mème. (Cf. Genethliacon in Ms. Lat. 10327, f. 10r).
86 Cf. Saint Augustin, de Perseverantia, I. 1 : «Asserimus ergo donum Dei esse
perseverantiam qua usque in finem perseveratur in Christo ».
87 Ce qui n'est pas le cas de l'ode de Sanctissima nativitate Iesu Christi, Od. lib. II,
(in Poèmatia, 1586) pp. 172-173.
88 Hymne chrétien, STFM, t. 4., p. 118 (cf. Psaume 51,4).
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164 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
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L,attitUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 165
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166 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
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L,ATTITÜDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 167
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168 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 169
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170 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
Quant à Jéròme et à son bceuf, ils ne signifiaient pas, dans cet ancien
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 171
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172 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
Le signe que Dieu envoie est suffisamment clair pour ètre pergu et
reconnu avec certitude : Dorat moribond a su que Dieu lui avait
pardonné parce que sa maladie a cessé, mieux, qu'elle a été mise en
fuite :
Noxae(que) certum mi remissae
Indicium fuga prompta morbi133.
128 Son titre est rappelé dans le Privilège du Roi qui figure en tète de la 2ème partie
de l'édition collective de 1586.
129 Poem. Hb. V, p. 239: l'indication concernant Sainte Brigitte est donnée par une
main ancienne, annotant l'exemplaire de la Bibliothèque Mazarine.
130 Dit du Verdier cité par Marty-Laveaux, (Euvres poétiques de Jean Dorai, p.XLin.
131 F. Secret, « De quelques courants prohétiques et religieux sous le règne d'Henri III »,
Revue de l'Histoire des religions, CLXII (1967), pp. 26-29.
132 De Regis Henrici III. foelici auspicio, in In Henrici III. Regis reditum... (Paris,
F. Morel, 1574), sign. A.iij.r.
133 AdDeum...(\\. 111-112).
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 173
134 Dans l'Elegia prognostica (Poém. lib. V, pp. 191-193). Dorat explique les signes
funestes qui se manifestèrent en janvier 1567; dans ce texte il mélange, du reste, Dieu
et les dieux : Superum mens dedit ipsa notas (v. 4), procellae/Multa dedit Gallis sat
manifesta Deus (v. 10), mais son système de signes suppose un esprit providentiel et le
refus d'admettre le hasard.
135 Ad Deum..., 1571 :«Tunc me vetarent tot mala cum loqui...» (v. 41).
136 De sanctissima nativitate..., Od. lib. II, p. 173.
137 Cf. n. 110. L'expression est attestée chez Prudence (Peristeph., VII. 56). Plus le
souvenir de son expérience privilégiée s'éloigne, plus le Dieu de Dorat ressemble au
Dieu d'Israel : son attribut principal est la puissance.
138 Ad Deum..., vv. 17-18.
139 Martialis Campani... Monodia Tragica (Paris, 1576), p. 24.
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174 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
140 Ibid.
141 Cf. par ex. Esech., XII. 13; XXXII. 3; Osée, VII. 12.
142 A l'exception de l'évocation du jugement dernier (Luc, XXI. 35) où la menace
est celle d'un lacet - laqueus.
143 In tumulum Duareni... (Paris, 1559), vv. 114-116.
144 Poem. lib. V. p. 25 - cf. notamment Matthieu, XXV. 35-46.
145
Cf. n. 139.
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 175
Si nous jugeons qu'un fait est « miraculeux », c'est que nous ne savons
pas l'expliquer parce que quelques unes de ses causes nous échappent.
Quant à ceux qui mettent en avant le hasard, ce sont moins des
philosophes que des mondains qui ne se veulent pas donner la peine
de chercher une explication — rationnelle ou surnaturelle; peut-ètre
Dorat pense-t-il à des gens comme le secrétaire de Charles IX, Simon
Nicolas149.
Il serait vain de pousser plus loin la recherche, car l'attitude de
Dorat n'est pas celle d'un intellectuel réfutant les thèses de ses adver
saires, c'est celle d'un croyant qui admire, on pourrait dire, na'ivement :
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176 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
150 Chez Le Caron, la providence s'oppose au Fatum des Anciens (cf. op. cit.,
p. 419); peut-ètre aussi quand Dorat, dans son sous-titre, s'inscrit en faux contre cette
notion, c'est à certains aspects de la philosophie cicéronienne qu'il pense.
151 Cf. par ex. Matthieu, X. 30. Mais le redressement de l'homme implique la
tristesse avant la joie : cf. Saint Paul, Ad Hebr., XII. 11.
152 Cf. n. 93.
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 177
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178 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
(Christus)
Venerat in terras humano corpore tectus
Ut genus humanuni servaret ab hoste redemptum
Morte sua 155.
mais l'enfant redoute le jugement terrible; l'image que son pére emploie
pour le rassurer est étrange et semble venir d'une sensibilité de mystique :
il lui recommande de se mettre à l'abri dans les plaies du Christ-juge :
Iudicis ut lateas, abdas te in vulnera Christi157.
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DO RAT 179
Bien que les partitions de Boni ne soient pas sans mérite, ce n'est pas
par esthétisme que Dorat tient pour le chant d'église : sans doute ne
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180 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
Vox populi, vox Dei : ce chant peut mème, selon lui, faire office
d'exorcisme et mettre le démon en déroute, voire une assemblée plus
impure que lui :
Coetus fugatus Daemone nequior
A rusticae mentis popello
Davidicas recitante voces 169.
les cloches aussi doivent ètre purifiées avant leur installation; elles
détourneront ainsi le diable des serviteurs de Dieu sur Ses ennemis,
non par leur force propre, mais par la puissance de Dieu, à qui elles
ont été consacrées :
167 Cf. J.C1. Margolin, Erasme par lui-méme (Paris, 1965), pp. 79-81.
168 Ode à Toscano (cf. η. 1 IO), vv. 116-118.
169 Ibid., vv. 114-116.
170 Poem. lib. V., p. 190.
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 181
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182 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
il va mème jusqu'à dire que ces reliques — le Saint aurait gardé sur
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 183
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184 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 185
Le véritable eulte des saints suppose donc, selon lui, une imitation de
leurs mérites, et son esprit pratique lui fait préciser qu'il s'agit d'une
imitation mise au goüt du jour :
Imitans ut aevo par pari191.
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186 G. DEMERSON-BARTHELOT
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L'ATTITUDE RELIGIEUSE DE DORAT 187
Univ. de Clermont-Ferrand.
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Alfred Μ. Μ. Dekker
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THREE UNK.NOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINI AN AE" 189
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190 Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 191
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192 Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 193
Theme : both poems deal with the birth of Christ : "De Natali
Christiano" (1551), "Ode genethliaca, Christo nato modulanda" (1552).
The following three cantilenae by Macropedius were hitherto un
known; they therefore Supplement Engelberts's list of the Humanist's
works 9 :
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194 Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
"Let me not omit you, St. Hieronymus, patron of our house and of
our school, (...) Give new strength to our community and make the
Brethren unanimous in their way of life, and likewise the pupils who
are now under the authority of my rod".
Since the anonymous copyist of the Utrecht codex neglected to
reproduce the title page of the originai edition, we are unable to
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 195
date the ode closely. Two indications in the text may provide a
terminus post quem. In v. 175 the Church of St. John is said to be
instaurata. This could be an allusion to the completion of its Gothic
choir in 1539. And the mention in v. 178 that the splendid houses on
the "Janskerkhof ' rerum pretto Caesare digna sint, perhaps alludes to
the fact that Charles V, when he visited Utrecht in August 1540,
stayed in one of these houses, viz. in that of Joannes Vorstius, dean
of St. John's. Since in the Utrecht codex the ode is followed by a
work dealing with events in Utrecht in January 1546, I propose
tentatively to date the ode between the years 1541 and 1545.
The poem sings the praises of the city of Utrecht. Verses 1-84 give
an impression of the vicinity of Utrecht seen from the city walls. With
reminiscences of Hör. Od. I, VII, the city's beautiful site is described
with its lively commerce made possible by the Rhine. To the four
points of the compass we can see hills, forests, fertile fìelds, pastures
with cattle, and rivers. As particular jewels of the "pomerium" the
following monasteries are praised : the Benedictine double cloister
"Oostbroek" (vv. 53-60), the Cistercian convent "Mariéndaal" (vv.
61-68) and the Carthusian monastery "Nieuwlicht" (vv. 69-76), both
situated on the river Vecht, and the Tertiaries' convent "Bethlehem"
(vv. 77-80).
At v. 85 we enter the city itself. From Castle "Vredenburg" (vv. 86-96)
we walk via the "Oudegracht" with its wealthy merchant residences
(vv. 97-120) to the five minsters : the Cathedral (St. Martin's) with its
Tower (vv. 121-140)12, St. Salvator's (vv. 141-152), St. Peter's (vv.
153-164), St. Mary's (vv. 165-172)13 and St. John's (vv. 173-180).
In passing, the monastery of the regulär Canons of St. Augustine
12 The "cymbala maxima" of the Cathedral Tower (v. 137) were cast in 1505 by
Geert van Wou of Kampen. The six largest bells of the set of thirteen are stili in use
today.
13 Among the valuables of the Mariakerk Macropedius mentions in v. 170 three
unicorns (terna cornua monocerontia). These ivory narwhal tusks, over a metre in length,
were even in Macropedius's day stili regarded as having come from the legendary
unicorn that symbolized Mary's purity. Magic powers were attributed to these horns.
They remained extremely valuable into the 17th Century. Those of the Mariakerk are
preserved in the Archiepiscopal Museum in Utrecht and in the Rijksmuseum in
Amsterdam.
A large number of manuscripts and printed books of the library of this church
(vv. 171-172) is preserved in the University Library of Utrecht (cf. J.F. van Someren,
De Utrechtsche Universiteitsbibliotheèk, haar geschiedenis en kunstschatten vóór 1880
(Utrecht 1909), pp. 96-101).
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196 Α. Μ. Μ. DEKK.ER
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 197
Theme : God's great benefits, "De immensis erga nos Dei beneficijs".
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198 Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
16 Thus one could perhaps distil out of lines 604-619 of Macropedius's Jesus scholas
ticus (Utrecht 1556), the following metrical Oratio Dominica' :
17 The first two verses of the repetitio are taken from the antiphone to Psalm 96 of
the mattins of the breviary (Dignare me laudare te, Virgo sacrata). See Fr. Probus
van de Griendt O.F.M., Hei Maria-Offìcie (Roermond-Maaseik 1941), p. 45.
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 199
The division into seven groups follows the seven canonical hour
(Septem horae canonicae) : 1. Ad matutinas (mattins) : Conceptio
("Immaculate Conception"), 2. Ad primam (prime) : Natiuitas ("Nativ
ity of the Blessed Virgin"), 3. Ad tertiam (terce) : Annunciano ("Annu
ciation"), 4. Ad sextum (sext) : Visitatio ("Visitation"), 5. Ad nonam
(none) : Purificano ("Candlemas"), 6. Ad vesperas (vespers) : Com
passio ("Seven sorrows") and 7. Ad completorium (compiine) : A
sumptio ("Assumption").
This cantilena is probably the last Macropedius composed for his
school. The originai and fine construction of this song, with it
simple latinity, should justify our speaking of the culmination of h
series of school songs, of which unfortunately some twdnty sti
remain unknown 18.
The following additions to the Utrecht series of carmina are ali
taken from the Diarium (1560-1599) of the already frequently men
tioned Aernout van Bucheil. I cite the autograph, kept in the U
Utrecht (MS. 798), but refer to the page where the passage will be
found in Brom and Van Langeraad's edition19 :
8. p. 36 (Nov. 1574):
Carmen Martinianum a Gymnasiarchà factum, cui tit : paedagogus
siue parenaesis [i/c] ad Timorem Dei humanae vitae paedagogum,
inscriptum Guil. Diemeno J.C. et consiliario Regio.
This entry concerns rector (gymnasiarcha) Hieronymus Joanne
Crommius (rectorate 1574-1575). No copy of the "Paraenesis", which
was dedicated to the jurist and councillor Willem van Diemen, is to
my knowledge extant.
9. p. 43 (Dee. 1576):
Traiecti oden annalem ediderat Theodorus Cornelius Bergius Rector,
cui titulus Belgiae prosopoeia [s7c] ; ad questorem regium Engelbertum
vander Sande.
18 Thus the two following verses, quoted by Macropedius in his Prosoedia (Antwerp
1550), may come from an unknown cantilena :
"lonicum a minore carminum genus ut hoc nostrum :
Nec amaram nec atrocem necis horam,
Sed amicam et pretiosam fore credo, cet."
(see J. Hartelust, De dictione Georgii Macropedii (Utrecht 1902), p. 20).
19 Diarium van Arend van Buchell. Uitgegeven door Dr. G. Brom en Dr. L. A. van
Langeraad. Werken Historisch Genootschap, III 21 (Amsterdam 1907).
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200 A M Μ. DEK.KER
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 201
The first entry concerns Arnhem, where the ode annalis was also
performed on St. Martin's eve. Buchelius was a pupil at the Arnhem
Latin school of Sydracus Scotus (rectorate 1576-1579) from October
1576 to December 1578. The 1577 carmen ("Carmen Martinianum sive
Militis Christiani querimonia ad Deum Opt. Max.") mentioned by
Buchelius as being by this Scotus, onetime a teacher in Utrecht, has
been preserved in the aforementioned miscellany from Buchelius's
library (UB Utrecht). The text was re-edited by Dr. F. Goslings from
the copy printed at Deventer in an appendix to his article "Een en ander
uit het verleden der Latijnsche school van Arnhem, tot de tweede
helft der zeventiende eeuw", in : Bijdragen en Mededeelingen Gelre,
27 (1924), pp. 1-48. Scotus also composed a carmen in 1576 and 1578 :
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2U2 Α. Μ. Μ. DEK.KER
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 203
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Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 205
TEXTS
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Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
Repetitio :
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 207
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208 A M M. DEKKER
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE Μ ARTINI AN AE" 209
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Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 211
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Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 213
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214 Α. M M. DEKKER
Praetoresque Tribunosque
280 In nostra urbe nouarier.
FINIS
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 215
II
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Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 217
Et legem sacrosanctam
60 Insculptam silici dedit.
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Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 219
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220 Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
III
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MART1NIANAE" 221
Denari us 2
Ο pater.
[Pater noster, qui es in caelis, sanctificetur nomen tuum. Adueniat
regnum tuum. Fiat voluntas tua, sicut in caelo et in terra. Panem
nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie : et dimitte nobis debita nostra,
sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris. Et ne nos inducas in
temptationem. Sed libera nos a malo. Amen].
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222 Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
Denarius 3
Ο pater.
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A
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f $•> StRTVirTTT^
S* SERTTM 1
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 223
Denarius 4
Ο pater.
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224 Α. Μ. Μ. DEKK.ER
Denarius 5
Ο pater.
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THREE UNK.NOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 225
Ad matutinas : Conceptio
2 Annunciante archangelo
Castissimis parentibus,
Concepta uirgo creditur,
Et absque labe originis.
Ad primam : Natiuitas
Ad tertiam : Annunciato
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226 Α. Μ. Μ. DEKKER
Ad sextam : Visitatici
Ad nonam : Purificato
Ad vesperas : Compassici
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THREE UNKNOWN "CANTILENAE MARTINIANAE" 227
Ad Completorium : Assumptio
FINIS
NL-2501 Utrecht,
Bijlhouwerstraat 2bis.
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Claude-Henri Freches
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LES INDIENS ET LE DE GESTIS Μ EN DI DE SAA 229
3 LeiteS.J. (Ρ. Serafini), Monumenta Brasiliae, III (1558-1563), (Roma, 1958), pp. 75-77.
4 Ib., ρ. 259. Il y eut des Colons et des gens d'église pour encourager le cannibalisme.
Voir la lettre de Nóbrega à Tomé de Souza (5-VII-1559).
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230 CL.-H. FRECHES
9 Ib., p. 179.
10 Ib., p. 244.
11 Ib., p. 330 (Lettre de Rui Pereira, Pernambuco, 6-IV-l561).
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LES INDIENS ET LE DE GESTIS MENDI DE SAA 231
... sanctum
12 vv. 825-826.
13 vv. 882-890.
14 vv. 910-911.
15
vv. 921-927. C'est Nóbrega qui signale le moine partisan du cannibalisme. Cf. note 4.
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232 CL.-H. FRECHES
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LES INDIENS ET LE DE GESTIS MENDI DE SAA 233
Mem de Saa est donc le vicaire de Dieu. Son ròle providentiel est
d'assujétir les plages du Brésil, d'inspirer la terreur aux oiseaux et aux
bètes terrestres,
Atque in carnifìcespopulos, qui,foedere rupto
Naturae, sine lege necant laniantque ferarum
More homines 22.
19 vv. 1007-1008.
20 vv. 1043-1044.
21 vv. 1074-1078.
22 vv. 1091-1093.
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234 CL.-H. FRECHES
23 vv. 1096-1100. Voir note 4. Que ce renseignement figure à la fois dans la lettre
d'Anchieta et dans le poème plaide en faveur de son attribution au missionnaire
canarien.
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LES INDIENS ET LE DE GESTIS MENDI DE SAA 235
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236 CL.-H. FRECHES
31 vv. 1150-1154.
32 vv. 1196-1199.
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LES INDIENS ET LE DE GESTIS MENDI DE SAA 237
31 vv. 1482-1489.
35 vv. 1490-1496.
36 ν. 1512.
37 vv. 1514-1518.
38 Lettre à Tòmé de Sousa, Bahia, 5-VII-l559, Monumenta, p. 100 : «matarào hum só
os christàos, porque todos se acolherào ao mar, com os quais se langarào tambem os
nossos yndios da Baya, que ο Governador levou, e forào nadando huma grande
legoa e là tiverào huma forte batalha; mas os nossos, ajudando-os ο favor divino
sendo jà alguns deles christàos, amostrarào muyto esforQO e matarào là alguns e outros
trouxerào mal feridos que na praya acabarào de matar ».
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238 CL.-H. FRECHES
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LES INDIENS ET LE DE GESTIS MENDI DE SAA 239
41 vv. 1637-1640.
42 vv. 1640-1647.
43 vv. 1694-1696.
44 vv. 1699-1700.
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240 CL.-H. FRECHES
45 vv. 1701-1709.
46 vv. 1713-1716.
47 ν. 139.
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LES INDIENS ET LE DE GESTIS MENDI DE SAA 241
A Rio, sous le règne d'Henri II, ils avaient dressé une forteresse
jugée imprenable. A la demande des Jésuites, Mem de Saa décide de
48 vv. 2155-2163.
49 vv. 2239-2243.
50 vv. 2317-2320. Les Frangais occupaient une ile dans la baie de Rio.
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242 CL.-H. FRECHES
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LES INDIENS ET LE DE GESTIS MENDI DE SAA 243
fort et les bastions. On incendie les tours. C'en est fait de l'occupa
frangaise et du protestantisme dans la zone de Rio. Le Christ
triomphe.
*
* *
Car Satan sera chassé des terres australes. Au nom de Jésus les
missionnaires édifieront un royaume de paix et de justice.
Université de Provence.
Aix-en-Provence.
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Jacques Kluyskens
* Abbreviations :
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JUSTUS LIPSIUS AND THE JESUITS 245
2 Autobiogr., ρ. 144.
3 Cfr. Η. Mennen, "Justus Lipsius auf der Bursa Nova Tricoronata zu Köln", Neue
Jahrbücher für Pädagogie, 17 (1913), 416-421; J. Kluyskens, "Les années passées par
Juste Lipse chez les jésuites à Cologne. Étude critique", Archivum Historicum Societatis
Iesu, 42 (1973), pp. 312-321.
4 Cfr. J. Hansen, p.260.
5 Ibid., p. 451.
6 Cfr. Ignatius de Loyola, Constitutiones Societatis Iesu cum declarationibus, (Rome,
1937), ρ. 42; cfr. E. Olivares, "Los votos de los escolares de la Compania de Jesus.
Su evolución juridica", Bibliotheca Institutihistorici Societatis Iesu, XIX (Rome, 1961), ρ. 51.
7 J. Hansen, p. 781.
8 Ibid., p. 438. Cfr. J. Schröteler, Die Erziehung in den Jesuiteninternaten des
16. Jahrhunderts, dargestellt auf Grund ungedruckter und gedruckter Quellen (Freiburg im
Br., 1940), pp. 192-193; "Monumenta Paedagogica Societatis Iesu (1540-1556)", I,
Monumenta Ηisterica Societatis Iesu, 92 (Rome, 1965), ρ. 203, η. 72.
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246 J. KLUYSKENS
9 Ibid., ρ. 780.
10 R. Garcia Viiloslada, Storia del Collegio Romano dal suo inizio ( 1551) alla
soppressione della Compania di Gesù (1773) (Rome, 1954), pp. 19-20; Jes. Lex., col.
1557-1558.
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JUSTUS LIPSIUS AND THE JESUITS 247
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JUSTUS LIPSIUS AND THE JESUITS 249
him on 3 March that he shares the view of his friends in Leiden and
that he will act accordingly : "Quod tibi aliisque viris bonis videbitur,
id faciam, sie tarnen ut sententiam de universa via non mutem : quam
valetudo mea non suadet, sed cogit"24. In his resignation letter of
2 June he expresses his everlasting attachment to the Rector, Thomas
Zoes, and the staff of the University : "Ego me tarnen vobis nunc et
deinceps devinctum obstrictumque fateor, quos bonos faventesque
collegas habui : atque occasio sit publica aut privatim animi mei in
vos declarandi" 25. But in the same period he is writing letters in which
he repudiates his association with the calvinists. In a letter to
Franciscus Bencius (1542-1594), a Jesuit, 21 April 1591, he puts it this
way : "Ah, quamdiu haesimus in tenebris? Quamdiu per vana circum
ducti, negleximus vera illa bona, quae sola faciunt ad salutem? Sed
redimus, redimus tarde quidem sed ad benignum illum Deum, sero
numquam" 26. In another letter to Delrio on 8 June, he rejects unblush
ingly the religious convictions of his former friends, stating that he
cannot find God in their company : "... animum quietum tranquillum
que habere volui, et placatum Deum, quem scio non stare illac"27.
Two years later, on 10 February 1593, he reassures the same Delrio
that he was prepared to trim and emend his works to establish his
reputation as an orthodox catholic and a loyal follower of the Pope :
"Parati ergo sumus (imo hoc iam agimus) depurare, diducere, et in
oculis auribusque omnium defigere nos esse qui sumus, id est, Catho
licos, et supremo Ecclesiae capiti Romano pontifici adhaerentes" 28.
The reliability of these conflicting statements should be treated with
great caution 29. Repeatedly Lipsius tries to humour his correspondents.
In many of his letters and also in his autobiography30 there is a hardly
concealed undertone of self-defence.
In a letter to Coster, published below, the apologetica! note is evident,
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250 J. KLUYSKENS
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254 J. KLUYSKENS
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256 J. KLUYSKENS
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260 J. KLUYSKENS
93 Cfr. Afleeldinghe van d'eerste Eeuwe der Societeyt Iesu voor ooghen ghestelt door
de Duyts-Nederlantsche Provincie der selver Societeyt, (Antwerp, 1640), 75-80.
94 Weimar, Landeshauptarch., A. 6600, edited by S. Sué, "Nogmaals Lipsius en
Jena", Handelingen XXVI der Koninklijke Zuidnederlandse Maatschappij voor Taal- en
Letterkunde en Geschiedenis (Brüssels, 1972), p. 384.
95 RAUG, ms. 532, f. 12.
96 Ms. Vatic. Latinus 11590, f. 374-375v (cfr. Homer, Odyss., 9.350).
97 J. Lipsius, Opera Omnia, Volume IV, Politicorum sive civilis doctrinae libri sex, qui
ad principatum maxime spectant, p.47b (cfr. Tacitus, Annales, XII, 54).
98 J. Kluyskens, "Twee Zestiende-Eeuwse werken, één verreikende strekking : Cas
sander en Lipsius", De Gulden Passer, L (1972), pp. 1-10.
99 Opera Omnia, IV, ρ. 575b.
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262 J. K.LUYSK.ENS
*
* *
1.
Ad Patrem Generalem.
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JUSTUS LIPSIUS AND THE JESUITS 263
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264 J. KLUYSKENS
Ms. : Köln, Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln, Jes. Abt., nr. 20, f. 167-167v.
Lipsius has succeeded in withdrawing from Leiden. Long before he was gra
dispensation from his religious vows, he wanted to be reconciled with the ca
church. He asks Coster to forgive him his past errors and to pledge him
support for the future. He requests that nothing should become known abou
return to Catholicism, because his wife had not yet left Holland and his belong
had not yet been removed to the South.
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JUSTUS LIPSIUS AND THE JESUITS 265
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266 J. KLUYSKENS
3.
Lipsius's gratitude for some Service. He never called on the Jesuits in vain
owes them his salvation. He will not leave the country, because he is conv
that God wants him there for a special mission. No peace in sight in the Ne
lands. His letters should be sent to Delrio, his confidant, who will forward
to their destination. They should send him some religious objects.
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JUSTUS LIPSIUS AND THE JESUITS 267
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268 J. KLUYSKENS
4.
Lipsius sticks to his decision not to leave his country for Italy, though i
to him as the cradle of classical literature. He intends to spend some ti
to recover from his illness. There he will take some important decisions co
his future. He raises some questions of textual criticism. He solemnl
that literary studies should be focused on the Divine, source of all goo
8 The Agnus-Dei was a lamb embossed in a medal of wax, blessed by the Pope.
This devotion goes back as far as the IXth Century : cfr. A. Vacant-E. Mangenot,
Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique (Paris, 1909), I, col. 605-613.
1 He expressed the same fear in a letter to Bencius on 6 January 1592 : "Ter omnino
ab excessu e Batavis ad te scripsi, nec pluries arbitror a te recepisse. Dedi eas singillatim
ipsis Patribus collegis tuis, et curam fidemque iis fuisse in mittendis non ambigimus :
quid possumus, si communi hodie sorte, aut amissae eae alibi aut interceptae? Nam
fraudes quoque interveniunt et nos experimur" (RAUG, ms. 532, f. 9).
2 Bencius's letter of March, 6, 1592 (P. Burman, I, pp. 74-75, No. 69).
3 Lipsius's judgement was frequently biased by his mood or by the objective he had
in mind at the moment. In his advice to Philippe de Lannoy, who was planning to leave
for Italy, he was rather reticent, as is revealed in a letter of Aprii 3, 1578 (Cent, mise., I,
pp. 24-29, ep. 22).
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JUSTUS LIPSIUS AND THE JESUITS 269
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270 J. KLUYSKENS
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Μ. A. NAUWELjAERTS
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272 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 273
*
* *
1.
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274 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
2 Sans doute une allusion à la répression de l'iconoclasme à Liège; cfr. BNB, Vili,
col. 331.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 275
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276 M A. NAUWELAERTS
6 «Pro aris et focis»; cfr. Cicéron, De Natura deorum. III, 40, 94.
7 D'après H. de Vocht, Coli. Tri!., IV, p.409, il faudrait lire 1576 au lieu de
Cependant il y a eu plusieurs éditions de ΓEnchiridion avant 1574 ou 1576; cfr. Bi
S. V., p. 61.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 277
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278 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
3.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 279
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280 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 281
4.
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282 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 283
11 Cfr. Bibliogr. S.V., p.88, n°XVI. On n'a pas pu retrouver l'édition imprimée
par Bellóre à Anvers; la première édition connue est celle de Dillingen, 1573.
12 Cfr. lettre 5, n. 20.
13 Plusieurs éditions des Fables d'Ésope en traduction latine ont paru aux Pays-Bas
entre 1500 et 1540; cfr. NK, I, n™25-39; II, n062241-2248. L'édition Plantinienne de
1567, Aesopi Phrygis et aliorum Fabulae, était bilingue, grecque et latine.
11 S. Verepaeus, Precationum piarum Enchiridion (Antverpiae, 1576), p.48.
15 Maternus Cholinus; cfr. lettre 9, η. 1.
16 S. Verepaeus, De epistolis Latine conscribendis (Antverpiae, Tilenius, 1571);
plusieurs rééditions. Cfr. Bibliogr. S. V., pp. 86-87.
17 Joachim Perionius (1499-1559), bénédictin. Quelques ouvrages de cet auteur
sont mentionnés par NK, I, n°1377, et dans Buisson, pp. 499-500, mais pas ceux dont
parie Rhetius.
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284 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 285
23 Ces ouvrages ont été édités par S. Verepaeus; cfr. lettre 5 et Bibliogr. S. V.,
pp. 85-86.
24 Les Figurae dictionis de Petrus Mosellanus (Peter Schade, 1493-1524) se ren
contrent dans deux éditions d'Érasme, De oclo orationis partium constructione (Anvers,
1536 et 1538); NK, li, n05 2905-2906. On connait aussi des éditions anversoises des
Tabulae de schematibus et tropis de Mosellanus; id., Il, n™ 3551-3554; une édition
gantoise de 1546 de ce mème ouvrage a été publiée dans un volume avec la Copia
d'Érasme : E. Cockx-lndestege et G. Glorieux, Belgica typographica 1541-1600, I
(Nieuwkoop, 1968), n°2166.
25 Éditions de la Copia d'Érasme: NK, I, n°810 et II, n™2908-2920; E. Cockx
lndestege et G. Glorieux, o.e., n™ 1041-1042; Bibliotheca Erasmiana, I (Gand, 1893),
pp. 68-69.
26 Andreas Frusius, De utraque Copia verborum et rerum Praecepta (Coloniae,
M. Cholinus, 1558; Antverpiae, C. Plantinus, 1568 et 1574). Cfr. C. Sommervogel,
III, col. 1046-1047. André des Freux, né à Chartres, devint jésuite en 1541; il mourut
à Rome, le 25 aoùt 1556.
27 Cette édition (1571) est la première de ce genre. Cf. E. Stemplinger, Hora: im
Urteil der Jahrhunderte (Leipzig, 1921), ρ. 55 et ρ. 201, η. 51.
28 S. Verepaeus, Selectiores epistolae clarorum virorum (Antverpiae, Bellerus, s.a.).
Le recueil comprend des lettres latines de Petrus Bembus (1470-1547), de Jacobus
Sadoletus (1477-1547), de Christophorus Longolius (1488-1522) et de Paulus Manutius
(1511-1574). Pour les éditions de cet ouvrage, cfr. Bibliogr. S. V., p.88. Les lettres de
Chr. de Longueil étaient lues dans plusieurs écoles latines au XVIe siècle; cfr. Th.
Simar, Christophe de Longueil, humaniste (Louvain, 1911).
29 On connait de Marius Corradus (Quinto Mario Corrado, 1508-1575) les Episto
larum libri VIII, les De lingua Latina libri XII, et les De copia Latini sermonis libri V.
Cfr. Buisson, p. 178; C. G. Jöcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 4 vols (Leipzig,
1750-1751), I, col.2112-2113; Μ.E. Cosenza, o.e., V, ρ.556.
30 Julius Gabrielius Eugubinus (Giulio Gabrielli), humaniste italien, mort en 1579;
cfr. F. A. Eckstein, o.e. (η.22), ρ. 177; Μ. E. Cosenza, o.e. (η. 18), V, ρ. 759.
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286 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
34 Buisson, p. 303, ne mentionne pas les Exempla parmi les ouvrages de Baptista
Fulgosius (Frégose).
35 Nicolaus Hanapus, Virtutum vitiorumque Exempla (Antverpiae, 1534 et 1535);
NK, I, n°" 1594-1595. Pour les autres publications du dominicain De Hanapis, cfr.
Buisson, p. 349.
36 Nous n'avons pas trouvé l'édition des Exemplorum libri X de M. Antonius Coc
cius Sabellicus (1436-1506). Cfr. F.A. Eckstein, o.e. (n.22), p.489. Les Carmina de
Β. V. Maria de cet auteur furent imprimés dans les Pays-Bas en 1510 et 1520; cfr.
NK, I, n08 1841-1842.
37 Joannes Baptista Egnatius (G.B. Cipelli Egnazio), humaniste italien, 1473-1553.
Son édition de Γ Eneide de Virgile parut à diverses reprises dans les Pays-Bas; cfr.
NK, I, n™ 2122, 2124, 2126-2133; II, n054021-4022, 4024, 4028, 4031, 4034-4038.
38 Andreas Eborensis, Sententiae et exempla ex probatissimis quibusque scriptoribus
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 287
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288 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
44 Le volume parut chez Bellóre, à Anvers, en 1568; cfr. Bibliogr. S. V., p.89.
45 Petrus de Backer (Bacherius, 1517-1601), dominicain, inquisiteur (1560), pro
fesseur à l'Université de Louvain (1561), prédicateur et écrivain renommé, publia entre
autres des Homiliae in omnes epistolas (1578), des livres de prières, tels que la Tabula
sacrorum carminum piarumque precum enchiridion (1579) et le Hortulus precationum
(1569), et des ouvrages de piété. Cfr. la bibliographie de Bacherius par St. Axters O.P.,
dans Ons geestelijk Erf 7 (1933), 145-154; voir aussi A. van der Meersch, dans BNB,
IV, col. 741-744; L. Charlier, DHGE, VI, col. 75-76.
46 Abbé de l'abbaye bénédictine d'Ename lez Audenarde.
47 Effectivement le pére Bacherius a édité, à Louvain, en 1576, des Homiliae in
evangelio dominicalia ab Adventu usque ad Pascha.
48 Cfr. J. Tesser, «Nam de H. Petrus Canisius Luther's Katechismus tot model?»,
Studien, 113 (1930), 419-437, avec un relevé des éditions de catéchismes de Canisius.
49 Francois de Coster (1532-1619), provincial de la province flamande des jésuites,
èdita un manuel à l'usage des congrégations de Marie : Piarum et christianarum insti
tutionum libri tres. Cfr. BNB, V. col. 12-16 (E. Neeffs); Sommervogel, II, col. 1510
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 289
29. Spero minime mihi vitio vertendum, praesertim apud te, huma
nissime Verrepaee, quod libere scribo, quae in mentem veniunt et ad
rem pertinere videntur, quum libertas eiusmodi inter amicos probari
soleat. De toto autem opere unum hoc dico : optare me, ut omnes
Episcopi, non solum Belgicae et Germaniae, sed aliarum quoque
nationum, singulis scholarum rectoribus dent exemplar harum tuarum
institutionum et simul eos moneant, ut secundum illas iuventutem
sibi commissam erudiant.
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290 M A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 291
5.
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292 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 293
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294 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
G.M., Bassarus (Tilburg, 1968), pp. 7-21 (biographie); 23-34 (oeuvre); A.M.M. Dekker
dans Humanistica Lovaniensia, XXIII (1974), pp. 188-227.
17 On ne connait pas de deuxième édition des Institutiones.
18 Cfr. lettre 4, n.53, 4, 17, 18, 19, 48.
19 Iacobus Middendorpius (+1611), Officiorum scholasticorum libri II (Coloniae,
M. Cholinus, 1570). Cfr. J. Hartzheim, Bibliotheca Coloniensis (Coloniae, 1747),
pp. 150-151; ADB, XXI, p. 711 (J. Merlo); Buisson, p.445.
20 Ewaldus Gallus, Leges morales (Silvae Ducis, G. van der Hatart, 1536); NK,
I, n°951. La réédition de 1569 nous est inconnue.
21 Nous n'avons pas retrouvé d'exemplaire de. la réédition de 1577, mentionnée
par J. Clessius, Unius saeculi ... Nundinarum Autumnalium ... Elenchus consumma
tissimus librorum (Francofurti, 1602), p. 511.
22 Georgius Fabricius, Elegantiarum puerilium ex Ciceronis epistulis libri III (Lip
siae, 1548 et Coloniae, 1562); Elegantiarum ex Plauto et Terentio libri II (Basileae, 1555);
cfr. Buisson, pp. 278-279 (mais pas d'édition Plantinienne). Sur Georg Goldschmidt,
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 295
ou Fabricius (1516-1571), cfr. F. A. Eckstein, o.e. (1. 4, n. 22), p. 149; ADB, VI, pp. 510
514 (Kämmel).
23 Cornelius Grapheus, Colloquiorum Formulae e Terentii Comoediis, Antverpiae,
1530, etc.; cfr. NK, I, n™ 1021-1026; II, n1* 3122-3123. Cornelis de Schrijver (Scribonius
ou Grapheus), né à Alost, en 1482, était secrétaire de la ville d'Anvers; il mourut
en 1558. Cfr. Foppens, I, col. 201-202; J. Prinsen, CoUectanea van Gerardus Gelden
hauer (Amsterdam, 1901), p.47, avec indications bibliographiques.
24 Augustinus Wilsius, Terentii Frondes, seu Phrases (Antverpiae, Silvius, 1566).
Sur Wils, cfr. A. Roersch, dans BNB, XXVII, col. 343.
25 Joachim Camerarius (ou Kammermeister), né à Bamberg en 1500, professeur
de grec à l'Université de Leipzig (1541), mort en 1574. Cfr. C. G. Jöcher, o.e., 1,
col. 1593-1594; Buisson, pp. 110-114; NDB, III, pp. 104-105.
26 Lambert-Thomas Schenckels, recteur des écoles latines ou « Grootschool » de
Malines; cfr. lettre 16, η. 1.
27 Cornelius Crocus (env. 1500-1550), prètre et «rector scholae» à Amsterdam,
publia des Colloquiorum puerilium Formulae (Antverpiae, 1536), et d'autres ouvrages;
cfr. NK, I, nM643-646; II, n™2727-2729; Buisson, pp. 184-185; J.F.M. Sterck, Onder
Amsterdamsche humanisten (Hilversum/Amsterdam, 1934), pp. 53-75; H. de Vocht,
Coli. Tri!., II, pp. 202-208; A.J. Kölker, o.e. (1. 4, η. 8), avec la bibliographie des
Oeuvres de Crocus, pp. 302-332.
28 Les Colloquia de Valerius n'ont pas paru. Sur Cornelius Valerius (Wouters,
van Oudewater, ab Auwater, 1512-1578), cfr. FI. de Vocht, Colt. Tril., III, 270-281;
IV, 294-297, 454-472; Id., C. Valerli ab Auwater Epistolae et Carmina (Louvain, 1957).
29 Antonius Sylvius Dunckercanus, Puerilium colloquiorum Formulae cum Gallica
et Teutonica interpretatione (Lovanii, Joannes Bogardus, 1573); rééditions : Anvers,
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 297
25. Cum ante annos octo vel novem Christianas ac pias precandi
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298 M A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 299
J. Bruckner, dans le Dici, de Theo/, cath., II, col. 1265-1266; A. de Bil, dans DG
X, col. 1414-1415.
45 Augustinus Viscavius, ou Vischavens, de Malines, séjourna avec Verepa
dans la maison des jésuites à Cologne, en 1566.
46 Augustinus Hun(n)aeus (Hoens, ou Huens), de Malines (1521-1578), professe
à Louvain; cfr. BNB, IX, col. 711-719 (E. H J. Reusens); H. de Vocht, Col!. Tril.,
152-157.
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300 M A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 301
6.
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302 M A. NAUWELAERTS
7.
Malines, 1574.
7 Cfr. lettre 1, η. 5.
8 Cfr. lettre 2, n. 2.
9 Cette lettre n'existe plus, semble-t-il.
10 Les troupes qui se rassemblaient à la frontière ouest des Pays-Bas devaient faire
partie de l'armée de Louis de Nassau; cfr. J.C.H. de Pater, De Tachtigjarige Oorlog
(Amsterdam, 1936), p.204.
1 Cfr. lettre 3, n. 3.
2 Suite aux difficultés croissantes, le due d'Albe fut rappelé en 1573 et remplacé
par Requesens comme gouverneur des Pays-Bas.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 303
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304 ivi. A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 305
11 Cfr. lettre 3, η. 5.
1 Maitre Paul Huben(s), de Bree (Limbourg belge), chanoine et écolàtre de Sa
Denys à Liège, fonda par testament du 17 aoüt 1617 le Collège de Saint-Mich
Louvain; il mourut le 22 aoüt 1618; la fondation fut réalisée par son neveu et héri
Laurent Zoenen, en 1650. Cfr. E. H.J. Reusens, dans Analectes pour servir à l'histo
ecclésiastique de la Belgique, 19 (1883), 329; H. de Vocht, Inventaire des Archiv
de l'Université de Louvain, 1426-1797, aux Archives générales du Royaume à Bruxe
(Louvain, 1927), n05 3995-3996, 4091, 4114.
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306 M A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 307
sic essem, ut vobis iam non alienus, sed aut frater aut sanguine
coniunctissimus videri potuerim. Quo certe nomine, a me vobis
vicissim omnia humanitatis et gratitudinis officia deberi libentissime
agnosco. 7. Sed quid ego haec commemorem? cum in isto horrendo
Belgii incendio, Bredae Lossensium5 in aedibus tuis, apud hunc tuum
adhuc agam affinem, et in ipsius, aut verius tua, haec cudantur offi
cina, an alium me deceat quaerere huius scripti patronum, quam eum,
cui et ex officio scholastico et hospitii iure, hoc quidquid est operis
debeatur? 8. Si gratitudinis id lege prohibetur, nolim alias afferre,
cur id faciam, rationes, sed te potius rogatum velim, magnifice
D. Scholastice, ut quod in scholarum usum tuis ex aedibus ad te
mittitur, in gratam tuorum in me beneficiorum memoriam libenter
benigneque suscipias, et in eo non tarn muneris quantitatem, quam
animum expendas offerentis. 9. Vale felix et faustus, humanissime et
integerrime Domine. Tuis ex aedibus et solo natali Breda Comitatus
Lossensis, et Eburonum civitate non ignobili, Anno virginei partus.
CID 13 LXXXII. IUI. Kalendas Maias.
9.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 309
4 Cette édition parut en 1586; cfr. Buisson, p. 662; Bibliogr. S. V., p.86.
5 J. Clessius, o.e. (lettre 5, n.21), p. 511, Signale une édition de Cologne, M. Cho
linus, en 1581. Nous n'en connaissons pas d'exemplaire.
6 Aurelio Brandolini, dit Lippi, de l'ordre des Augustins (vers 1440-1497/98)
Il publia entre autres ouvrages, les Historiae Sanctorum, des Carmina et un De ration
scribendi epistolas. Cfr. Buisson, p.88; M.-Th. Disdier, dans DHGE, X, col.421-423
M. E. Cosenza, o.e. (lettre 4, n. 18), V, 337.
7 S'agit-il plutòt de Perottus? Niccolò Perotto (1430-1480) publia la première
grammaire latine moderne (1468) et la Cornucopia qui inspira le dictionnaire d
Calepino. Cfr. M.E. Cosenza, o.e., V, 1364-1366.
8 Une Epistolica de Georgius Macropedius (cfr. lettre 5, n. 16) parut à Anvers,
chez M. Hillen, en 1546 et 1554.
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310 M A. NAUWELAERTS
10.
1 Sur Christophe Plantin (env. 1514-1598), cfr. Μ. Rooses, BNB, XVII, col. 740-759.
2 Plantin imprima une édition de la grammaire de Verepaeus sous le titre de
Grammatica Despauteriana, en 1571-1572; plusieurs rééditions suivirent; cfr. Bibliogr.
S. V., pp. 67-68. Dans la phrase il manque <exemplaria ... >. Voir lettre 12.4.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 311
11.
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312 Μ.A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 313
12.
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314 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
13.
14.
La lettre de Verepaeus est arrivée mais sans les corrections pdur une nouvelle
édition des Rudimenta\ que l'auteur communique dono ses corrections sans
cependant modifier trop le texte.
3 Cette édition parut en 1589, de mème que la traduction frangaise par Gabriel
Chappuys; cfr. L. Degeorge, o.e. (lettre 4, note 33), p. 210.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 315
15.
2 Ms : aperissem.
3 Rudimento : titre du premier volume de la grammaire latine de Verepaeus.
4 La phrase n'est pas claire dans ce brouillon.
1 Ms : Verepaeus.
2 Lettre perdue.
3 Aegidius de Vliegere était secrétaire d'Adolf van Cortenbach, seigneur de Hel
mond. 11 écrivit une poésie latine pour recommander les Primae studiorum exercita
tiones de S. Verepaeus, Bois-le-Duc, 1585 (fol. 2v.). Vligerus fut promu maitre ès arts
à Louvain, en 1565; il a été sous-maitre à l'école du chapitre de Saint-Donatien à
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316 M A. NAUWELAERTS
16.
Bruges, de septembre 1566 à décembre 1567. Cfr. Analectes pour servir à l'histoire
ecclésiastique de la Belgique, 4 (1867-68), 453; A.C. de Schrevel, Histoire du Séminaire
de Bruges, I (Bruges, 1895), pp. 80, 82, 100 n.2, 233. On peut supposer qu'il se cache
sous le nom d'Egidius Velater (= Volator?). Suijtdorpiensis, immatriculé à Louvain,
parmi les «Porcenses divites», au mois d'aoüt 1562; cfr. A. Schillings, o.e. (Intro
duction, n.2), IV, 642, n°308.
1 Lambertus Thomas Schenckels, de Bois-le-Duc (1547-vers 1624), a été maitre
d'école à Anvers, puis recteur de la « Grootschool » de Malines (1574), de nouveau
professeur de latin à Anvers (1580), puis maitre itinérant. à partir de 1585, il passa
par la France, par les villes de Malines, Anvers et Liège et enfin par l'Allemagne et
l'Europe orientale, prèchant partout son système mnémonique pour apprendre les
langues dans un minimum de temps. Cfr. Buisson, pp. 590-591; NNBW, V, col.
687; BNB, XXI, col. 686-691 (A. Roersch); E. Steenackers, « L. Th. Schenckels
de Bois-le-Duc, recteur de la Grande Ecole à Malines», Handelingen van de Kon.
Kring voor Oudheidkunde ... Mechelen, 36 (1931), 110-154; F.G.C. Beterams, « L. Th.
Schenckels en zijn Tabula Publicae Scholae Mechliniensis. Bijdrage tot de Studie van
het Humanisme», ib., 52 (1948), 98-155 (texte de la Tabula : pp. 118-155); H.L.V. de
Groote, «De zestiende-eeuwse Antwerpse schoolmeesters», Bijdragen tot de Geschie
denis, 3C S„ 19 (1967), 184-185, 300, 308; 20 (1968), 12, 29-30; R. Hoven, «L.-Th.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 317
Schenckels, son séjour à Liège et ses publications liégeoises», Bulletin de la Soc. d'Art
et d'Histoire du Diocèse de Liège, 50 (1970), pp. 1-13.
2 L'influence du luthéranisme s'était fait sentir dans les Pays-Bas dès environ 1520.
3 L'Université de Louvain avait fait rédiger un catalogue de bons et de mauvais
livres scolaires; cfr. F. H. Reusch, Die Indices librorum prohibitorum des XVI. Jahr
hunderts (Tübingen, 1886), pp. 27-72.
4 Dans le texte : veuena.
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318 Μ.A. NAUWELAERTS
Simon Verepaeus.
Source : S. Verepaeus, Praeceptiones de figuris (Coloniae, Gervinus Calenius et heredes
Quentel», 1590), pp. 3-6.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 319
17.
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320 M A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 321
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322 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
18.
2. Eerweerdigh Heere,
Voor antwoorde op uwen brief zoo laete ick uwe E(erweerdigheyt)
weten hoe dat ick Jan Scheffer wel geschreuen hebbe \ dat als ick sijn
exemplar soude hebben, dat ick tselfste soude drucken zoo haest alst
mij eenichsins soude mogelicken wesen, maer noyt aen sekeren tijt
verbinden, ende dat ter oorsaken dat op onse persse sijn veel boecken
begost, die teghen de merckt2 uijt moeten wesen, zoo ick hem hebbe
gescreuen, zoo dat ick dencke hij onse schaden oock niet en soude
begheren, ende zal beginnen soo haest mij mogelijken zal wesen,
want ick oock het papier niet en hebben willen aanveerden voor dat
ick gereet en waer te beghinnen, het welck ick ter liefden van uwe
E(erweerdigheyt) als oock om sijnen twille zal doen, zoo haest alst
mij eenichsins mogelijcken zal wesen, hopende dat het corts wesen
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 323
zal. Supplementum hebbe ick ontfanghen ende zal dienen tot de eerste
editie3.
19.
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324 Μ. A. NÀUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 325
Simon Verepaeus
9. Domi me continui dies aliquot afflictus catarrho, qui in maximum
incidens, intolerabili cruciatu mihi denuo affligit. Is nunc < >,
nunc paulo est mitior. Has igitur litteras cum domi scripsissem et
adolescentem quendam expectarem, qui istuc perferret, ecce hac hora
accurrit ad me Scoefferus, et tuas ad se et me afferens litteras, quibus
lectis, exilii gaudio <cum> intelligerem te etiam alteram meditari
editionem in 8° atque.in ea te postremam nostram aeditionem per
omnia se<cuturum>. Istud sane est quod volebam et superioribus
his litteris scripsi. 10. Unum est quod huic postremae recognitioni
adhuc add<am>, fol. 159, versu 7, pro hoc versu Vm Quarto,
reliquis V casibus optai Iesus. Hunc versum delebis et eius loco hunc
substitues : Iesvs ut Vm Quarto, Reliquis sic casibus V dal11. Et infra
beek, étudia à Louvain, devint sous-régent au Collegium Porci, puis, en 1566, professor
iuris, enfin, en 1568, prévòt du chapitre de Saint-Pierre à Cassel; il y mourut en 1604.
Nous ignorons si Plantin a publié un ouvrage de cet auteur. Cfr. Schutjes, II, 237;
IV, 599; BNB, XI, col.278-279 (E. van Arenbergh); M. Delcourt et J. Hoyoux,"
Laevinus Torrentius. Correspondance (Paris/Liège, 1954), III, 450-451, 480, 517, 533.
9 Franciscus Haraeus, De vilis Sanctorum, ex Laurentii Surii tomis VII Com
pendium (Antverpiae, Officina Plantiniana, 1591). Francois Verhaer était chanoine de la
cathédrale Saint-Jean à Bois-le-Duc, de 1596 à 1604; il mourut en 1632. Cfr. Schutjes,
IV, 274-275; B. A. Vermaseren, De katholieke Geschiedschrijving in de XVlde en XVIIde
eeuw over den Opstand (Maastricht, 1941), pp. 223-246 (avec bibliographie). Les Vitae
Sanctorum de Haraeus ont été publiées par la maison Plantin en 1588, puis rééditées
en 1590 et en 1594; cfr. Correspondance de C. Plantin, VIII-IX, pp. 347-348.
10 D'après une note du Grand Livre de Jean Moretus (Archives du Musée
Plantin-Moretus, n°21, fol. 116), il fut envoyé à S. Verepaeus, le 10 novembre 1590:
1 Panis quotidianus, 1 Vitae Sanctorum Haraei, 12 Verrep(aei) Etymologia nova.
Peut-ètre y a-t-il erreur de date.
11 La correction a été effectivement apportée dans Yeditio ultima de YEtymohgia.
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326 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
20.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 327
21.
Verepaeus à été souffrant et n'a pas pu répondre plus tòt à la lettre de Moretus.
Pendant sa maladie il a lu le Manuale de Pierre Canisius ; il y a remarqué quelques
coquilles; de mème dans sa propre grammaire. Suggestions en vue de l'illustra
tion du Manuale.
1 Ms : obliuituj.
2 À la Saint-Jean (24 juin), lete de la cathédrale de Bois-le-Duc.
3 Cfr. Ps. 22. 4.
4 Le Manuale catholicorum de S. Pierre Canisius; cfr. lettres 12 et 13.
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328 M A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 329
22.
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330 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
23.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 331
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332 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
24.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 333
Rekeningen van het jaar 1399-1800, 3 vol. ('s-Hertogenbosch, 1863-1876); II, 1097
1102.
4 Cette liste des écrits de Verepaeus nous a servi pour dresser la bibliographie de
Verepaeus, dans De gülden Passer, 25 (1947), 52-90.
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334 M A. NAUWELAERTS
(I) Rudimenta ^
Latinae
< (III)Gram-
Syntaxis > TTJ, . Etymologia I
matices ι |et Herbipoli.
I (IV) Prosodia I
(V) Supplementa J
(6) Institutionum Scholasticarum Lib. Hi, In quibus ostenditur quae
sit optima christianae iuventutis instituendae ratio, in litteris, et
profanis, et sacris, a doctis magnopere commendati, et recens
recogniti. Antverpiae, Io. Bellerus.
(7) Scholae Latinae ac Graecae Sciagraphia, Seu rudis quaedam
delineatio, Quae est libri superioris brevissimum compendium.
In offic(ina) Plant(iniana).
(8) Libellus de ingenuis Puerorum moribus, Ioan. Bellerus Antverpiae.
Matern(us) Cholinus Coloniae.
(9) 12 Legum Scholasticarum Tabulae, estque Epitome libri praece
dentis. In offic(ina) Plant(iniana).
(10) Latinae Linguae Progymnasmata, Antverpiae Ant. Thilenius. Bus
ciducis Io. Scoefferus. Coloniae NN.
(11) Latinae Linguae Exercitationum libri iii, Joan. Scoefferus Busci
ducis.
(12) Praeceptiones de Tropis et Schematibus, Coloniae excudit Ger
vinus Calenius.
(13) Praeceptiones de Verborum et Rerum Copia, Idem Gervinus
Calenius.
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 335
25.
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336 M A NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 337
26.
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338 Μ. A. NAUWELAERTS
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LA CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMON VEREPAEUS 339
8 Cfr. lettre 2, η. 1.
9 En juin 1526, «Dominus Nicolaus Buys de Monte Sancte Gertrudis» prèta le
serment lors de l'inscription de deux étudiants mineurs à Louvain; Α. Schillings, o.e.
(Introd., η. 2), III, 760, n°76. La strueture grammaticale de la phrase entière n'est pas
très correcte.
10 Les deux se firent inserire parmi les «Porcenses divites»; Verepaeus, en 1542,
et Goossens (Joannes Goeswini de Beka), en 1548; cfr. A. Schillings, o.e., IV, 249,
n° 186 et 359, n°124.
11 On ne saurait préciser la date. Peut-ètre faut-il trouver ici l'explication du titre
assez curieux attribué à Verepaeus : «Rektor zu Turnhaut bei Herzogenbusch», dans
E. Μ. Roloff, Lexikon der Pädagogik, II (Freiburg-Br., 1913), ρ. 873. Par ailleurs on
ne rencontre pas le nom de Verepaeus ni celui de Goossens parmi les recteurs et les
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340 M A. NAUWELAERTS
Tibi addictissimus
Simon Verepaeus.
professeurs des écoles latines de Turnhout, dans L. Ceyssens, Het onderwijs te Turnhout
voor 1830 (Turnhout, 1934).
12 Au printemps de 1583; cfr. η. 1 ci-dessus.
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Harry C. Schnur
2. Corrigenda.
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342 H.C. SCHNUR
war und noch in Gradus des 19. Jhdts. erscheint. Einsicht in den
Thesaurus Linguae Latinae hat uns gezeigt, dass die letzte Silbe im
daktylischen Vers immer elidiert wird, also kurz sein muss.
3.23 ductor ubi reserat, matrona repente seipsam (sic). Für Kürzung
von se konnten wir keinen Beleg finden.
3.344 und 4.464 séquior aetas. Von secus, dessen erste Silbe kurz
sein muss; schwebte ihm setius vor?
3.600 Axénos, dagegen 4.480 Victor ad Axenias. Die 2. Silbe von
Axenos muss kurz sein, dagegen gibt es die Länge Axinus.
3.601 Tanais : letzte Silbe lang, doch muss sie kurz sein.
4.15 non pol imbellibus. Pol ist kurz.
4.493 arboris in quatuor felici sorte propagai. Die erste Silbe von
quat{t)uor MUSS lang sein.
4.755 quum vir audacior addit. Vir ist kurz : mas brächte Abhilfe.
Hiatus.
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BEMERKUNGEN ZUR LEICHIAS DES CL. ZEBRACENUS 343
4. Stil.
Er »borgt« so vieles, dass man stellenweise einen Cento vor sich hat
Die meisten dieser »Anleihen« hat IJsewijn bereits festgestellt. Wir
verzichten auf Stellennachweis dieser jedermann bekannten We
dungen.
Verlegenheitsfüllsel : 4.374 quo vix praestantior alter.
Furta : 2.21 suasere cadentia sidera somnos4, 2.25 sero medicina
paratur; 2.172 correpta virüm tot scuta sub imoIvortice, tot galeas
Polvus, tot corpora volvit4, 2.367 f. fieri tuus esto; quod optas/explorare
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344 H.C. SCHNUR
5. De gustibus ...
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BEMERKUNGEN ZUR LEICHIAS DES CL. ZEBRACENUS 345
wobei der ganze Olymp sowie alle Helden der Vergangenheit herhalten
müssen, ist heute schwer verdaulich. Auch den Vergleichen fehlt
dichterischer Schwung; manchmal sind sie ungewollt komisch, wie
wenn der Fürst, dem sich Polen als Gattin anbietet (wofür sie 287
Verse braucht) in geradezu sinnlicher Liebe entbrennt (2.404-2.416);
sie tauschen Küsse, Umarmungen, sein Herz steht in Flammen »nicht
anders als ein Jungstier, der zum ersten Mal einer Kuh gewahr wird«.
In 3.731 verurteilt er die ehebrecherische Liebschaft von Mars und
Venus, was ihn nicht hindert (4.851 f.), die Liebe zwischen Ladislaus
und Elisabeth wie folgt zu vergleichen : Sic Mavors tetrici rediens e
turbine belli / gaudet in amplexu Veneris deponere curas (was er übrigens
Lucrez entnimmt). — Ein Olivenbaum (diese sind von mässiger
Höhe) : extendunt sese super aethera rami (3.484). Ganz abscheulich
ist die Wendung (er will sagen, »mit der Braut erscheint der Bräu
tigam«, 4.685 f) adventatque simul pars dimidiata futuri / coniugii.
Pleonastisch ist die Wendung (4.799) Iunge virum Nymphae, nympham
quoque iunge marito.
Das Epithalamium beginnt (4.778 ff.) mit einem gewaltigen Sauf
gelage : Orbis et in gyrum bibitur : seteria quisque / pocula pro regis
vacuai sponsaeque salute ; / lingua madens sponsos, sponsos mens concinit
uda, / et gens illa quidem sumptis non tarda culullis. Danach folgt,
dem Zeitgeschmack entsprechend, das eigentliche Epithalamium voller
Derbheit, die der Phantasie wenig überlässt : Pande sinus igitur, fortuna
tissima virgo / extremum est, virgo, quo te nunc invoco nomen ... mutua
connexis feri oscula foemina Unguis, / oscula dat recipitque, os et maris
inserii ori. Der Knabe, der dieser Ehe entspriessen soll (und ein
Goldenes Zeitalter bringen wird) wird ermahnt (4.872 f.) ne sancta
graveris / ilia, neve uterum aut languentia viscera laedas. Hoffen wir,
dass der Foetus diese Ermahnung beherzigt hat!
Über den Aufbau des ganzen Gedichtes, das völlig derivativ ist,
wird bei anderer Gelegenheit zu berichten sein.
Sankt Gallen.
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Leo Μ. Kaiser
1 These have not hitherto been undertaken except for a few by the writer, a
some of them were only preliminary.
2 In recent articles and in anthologies scholars continue to study American elegy
A bibliography of such investigations, however, cannot be included here.
3 John Wilson's poems on John Harvard and Thomas Shepard, listed by Haro
Jantz, The First Century of New England Verse (1943; rpt. New York, 1962), pp.27
280, are not funerary elegies, and John Bishop's fourteen lines on Richard Math
(Jantz, p. 181) constitute an epitaph.
4 Some of these classical reminiscences surely have escaped us. Most of the tim
in the annotation we have not included matter proper to a school edition of the poe
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 347
ally been reserved for proper nouns and the initial words of sentences
Italics are not reproduced, nor, in general, are parentheses. Abbre
viations have been silently expanded. There will be some who wil
quarrel with this indifference to the usage of the sources, but that
usage is often second hand, unclear, inconsistent, and once in a while
patently erroneous. For similar reasons we have not bound ourselve
to the punctuation of sources. Spellings, however, have been retained
except where clear mistakes or typographical error occur5. Titles,
if any, are reproduced from the sources. The indentation of th
poems in the elegiac meter is that of the poets and conforms to long
established practice6.
1. CORLET ON HOOKER
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348 L. Μ. KAISER
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 349
V. 2 Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses XI .357 : "pars gradibus tardis illuc errabat et illuc",
and Vergil, Aeneid IX.641 : "sic itur ad astra".
V. 4 Cf. Seneca, Oclavia 396: "tenente regna Saturno poli".
V. 5 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid II.3: "infandum, regina, iubes renovare dolorem".
V. 6 "for in fact in your death New England may see her own".
V. 7 Cf. Psalms 103,5: "Renovabitur ut aquilae juventus tua".
V. 8 Cf. Ovid, Tristia III.4.34: "dignus es et fato candidiore fruì". // var.: "condi
diore" (1855).
V. 11 "apello" (1820) // "quandam" (1820).
V. 12 Hooker was a very effective lecturer at Chelmsford; cf. David D. Hall, The
Faithful Shepherd: A History of the New England Ministry in the Seventeenth Century
(Chapel Hill, 1972), p.77.
Period after "tuus" (1702).
V. 13 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid 11.319: "arcis Phoebique sacerdos".
V. 13-14 The 1702 text was changed as follows in 1855: "non tu hunc : Chalcas, arcis
Phoebique sacerdos, / non populo sperni sic sua sacra videt". This last Version of V. 13
is metrically impossible. On Calchas (the correct spelling), cf. Homer, Iliad 1.68 ff. ;
11.300.
V. 15 The subject of "vidit" is probably "Chelmsfordia".
V. 15-16 Cf. Cicero, De Haruspicum Responsis 18: "[bellum] non obscure nobis
paulo ante praedixerint [haruspices]".
V. 16 On Hooker's last sermon on an erring people, cf. Hall, p.77.
V. 17 The "episcopus" is Archbishop William Laud, whose Opposition forced
Hooker to flee to Holland about 1630.
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350 L. Μ. KAISER
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 351
V. 6 Jantz follows the Ms in reading "his", an impossible usage here which does
not balance "ille".
V. 9-10 These two lines appear in the Ms after line 12. Chauncy indicated by
marks that they should be inserted after line 8.
"Quae" in ali three occurrences is object of "properat" and controls "malorum".
V. 10 "Durius" (or "durateus") is an adjective meaning "wooden": "durius equus"
is the Trojan horse: cf. Lucretius 1.476-477.
We have supplied the question mark.
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352 L. Μ. KAISER
3. Bulkeley on Cotton
Only a single couplet has survived of the Latin elegy by Peter Bulk
(1583-1659) on Thomas Shepard (d. 1649), viz.:
Nominis officiique fuit concordia dulcis;
Officio pastor, nomine Pastor erat20.
Of the lines spoken by him over the grave of John Cotton
1652)21 Mather preserved only twelve in the Magnolia, eno
however, to constitute something of an elegiac entity.
For the text below we have again consulted the first editi
and the first23 and second 24 American editions.
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 353
4. Wilson on Norton
Johannes Nortonus
V. 7 "laboribus" (1855).
V. 9-12 The extended word-play in these lines is essentially Ovidian, but here has
some similarity to Lucretius 11.159: "suis e partibus unum", and Appendix Vergiliana,
Moretum 102: "color est e pluribus unus". Bulkeley had engaged in similar word-play
in his two-line fragment on Shepard.
V. 1 Cf. Psalms 8.6: "gloria et honore coronasti eum", and line 29 of the elegy.
V. 1-2 Cf. "honore ... non pereunte" with "in pace ... non pereunte" in line 18.
V. 3 Cf. Genesis 5.24; Ecclesiasticus 44.6; 49.15; and Jubilees 4.23.
V. 4 Cf. Plautus, Trinummus 39: "Larem corona nostrum decorari volo".
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354 L. Μ. KAISER
In the 1664 text "Iohannes" here and in line 31 is spelled with "I" in contrast to
"Jobi" (line 9) and "Josias" (line 17).
V. 25 Cf. Acts 7.54-60.
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 355
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356 L. Μ. KAISER
At least, two lines of a title were present on the badly crumbled top of the page.
V. 3 Cf. Zacharias 13.7: "Percute pastorem et dispergentur oves".
V. 6 The spelling "malasuada" (for "malesuada") is not listed in the lexicons.
Cf. Vergil, Aeneid VI.276: "et metus et malesuada fames et turpis egestas".
V. 7 Ms: "quantum".
Cf. Vergil, Aeneid VI 1.445: "talibus Alecto dictis exarsit in iras".
V. 8 Cf. Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino 7: "hominem ... de medio tolli posse".
V. 9 Ms: "columbam".
Cf. Apocalypse 3.12: "faciam illum columnam in tempio Dei".
V. 10 Cf. 1 Kings 7.21.
V. 12 Ms: "longuarum". — The editions read "critice".
V. 15 On "Boanerges" cf. Mark 3.17.
V. 17 Cf. Matthew 12.33: "siquidem ex fructu arbor agnoscitur".
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 357
Aliter
V. 19 Cf. Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino 45: "lucem qua fruimur ... a deo nobis dari".
V. 20 Cf. Ovid, Heroides VIII.62: "perque sinum lacrimae fluminis instar eunt".
V. 1 Ms: "non".
Ms: "tremen ...". (In the succeeding annotations, a Suspension point indicates a
letter missing through manuscript damage; a dash indicates a letter that cannot be read).
V. 2 Cicero and others use the phrase "novae tabulae" to mean new account books
which cancel the old debts.
Ms: "lingu.".
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358 L. Μ. KAISER
7. Eleazar on Thacher
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 359
Qui ad
Dom. ex hac Vita migravit, 18.8.1678
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360 L. Μ. KAISER
8. Adams onOakes
V. 13 The use of "mens" for "animus" has occasionai justification already in Cicero.
"caelum" (1855).
V. 13-14 These two lines seem not to be reflected in Robinson's translation.
V. 14 "quod meruitque tuum": "and what Christ merited (salvation) is yours".
V. 15 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid III.714: "hic labor extremus. longarum haec meta viarum".
V. 17 "manes" is the reading of the 1702, 1820, and 1855 editions.
Cf. Ovid, Amores 111.9.67: "ossa quieta, precor, tuta requiescite in urna".
V. 18 A British Latin couplet sometimes appeared on American tombstones: "Mors
mortis morti mortem nisi morte dedisset, / aeternae vitae janua clausa foret", where
Christ is to be understood as the "Mors mortis"; cf. Leo M. Kaiser, "Death De
clined", The Classical Outlook, 42 (1964), 45.
V. 19 Cf. Thomas of Celano, Dies Irae 7-8: "Tuba mirum sparget sonum / per
sepulcra regionum".
Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses 111.36-37: "postquam ... / urna dedit sonitum".
Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses XV.537: "densas obiecit Cynthia nubes".
V. 20 Cf. Psalms 2.9: "Reges eos in virga ferrea".
V. 21 "caelos" the correction of Mather in his list of errata; "caeles" (1702);
"caelum" (1855).
36 Jantz, ρ. 179.
37 Boston, 1682. The book is now in the John Carter Brown Library. Dactylic
hexameter was occasionally employed in ancient Greek times in sepulchral epitaph.
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 361
38 11 (1965), pp. 63-64. The edition contains several obvious typographical errors,
and was inadvertently printed in four-line stanzas.
V. 1 Cf. Seneca, Hercules Oeiaeus 1944-45: "unde sonus trepidas aures / ferit?".
V. 2 Cf. John Wilson's Elegy on Norton, line 9 above: "Mors inopina potest Jobi
cito perdere natos" and the accompanying note.
Cf. Vergib Aeneid VII.446: "subito tremor occupai artus".
V. 3 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid V.529 : "attonitis haesere animis".
V. 5 Cf. Vergi!, Aeneid IV.190: "[Fama] pariter facta atque infecta canebat".
The Ms reads pretty clearly "potest as", and in our earlier edition we printed
"potestas". But "potest ac" now seems preferable as preserving unity of subject.
V. 6 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid II.120-121: "gelidusque per ima cucurrit / ossa tremor".
V. 7 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid III.138-139: "miserandaque venit / arboribusque satisque
lues et letifer annus".
V. 9-10 Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses XI.52-53: "flebile nescio quid queritur lyra,
flebile lingua / murmurat exanimis, respondent flebile ripae".
V. 11 Cf. Seneca, Agamemnon 659: "cohibete lacrimas".
Cf. Propertius 1.7.11 : "ocelli sicci".
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362 L. Μ. KAISER
V. 16 Adams first wrote "eximia", then crossed it out and wrote "exilia" following.
Cf. Cicero, De Oratore 2.159: "genus sermonis ... exile".
V. 18 Cf. Terence, Phormio 72-73: "provinciam / cepisti duram".
V. 20 Cf. Cicero, Philippics 2.4: "tu nec solvendo eras". The sense here is "I am
not able to pay due tribute to this learned Rector".
Cf. Propertius 11.10.4: "in magnis voluisse sat est".
V. 23 Adams illustrates his point by adducing in lines 24, 26, 27, and 29 the classical
and Biblical homonyms or equivalents of his subject's name ("Urianus Oakesius").
This is much in Oakes's own manner: cf. Oakes's Oration of 1672, eh. 3 (Leo M. Kaiser,
"Tercentenary of an Oration: The 1672 Commencement Address of Urian Oakes",
Harvard Library Bulletin 21 (1973), 79); and his Oration of 1675, eh. 10 (Leo M. Kaiser,
"The Unpublished Oratio Secunda of Urian Oakes, Harvard, 1675", Humanistica
Lovaniensia 21 (1972), 388).
V. 24 The sense of "quem recte Uranius audit" is "which Uranius rightly means".
V. 25 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid 11.419: "imo Nereus ciet aequora fundo".
V. 26 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid IV.52: "aquosus Orion".
V. 27 On "Urim" see Exodus 28.30.
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 363
9. CORLET ON HULL
39 Boston, 1683.
40 Jantz, pp. 192-193.
V. 33 Cf. Vergil, Eclogues IV.30: "et durae quercus sudabunt roscida mella".
Adams certainly was aware of Oakes's punning adaptation of the Vergilian line in his
Oration of 1675, ch. 28 (Humanistica Lovaniensia 21 (1972), 411).
V. 34 Cf. Silius Italicus X.166-167: "quercus / cum fumat percussa Iovi".
V. 35 Cf. Cicero, De Oratore 1.7.28: "Platanus ad opacandum locum patulis diffusa
ramis".
V. 36-37 The parentheses are Adams'. Though the word order is somewhat forced,
the sense of the lines is quite clear: " 'He is born and he dies'—this is a complete history
of man. You need add nothing more". On the sentiment, cf. Seneca, De Consolatione
ad Polybium 1: "Quidquid coepit, et desinit"; Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 5.10:
"Deficit omne quod nascitur"; and Manilius, Ästronomicon IV. 16: "nascentes morimur
finisque ab origine pendet".
V. 38 Cf. Horace, Sermones II .6.97 : "Vive memor quam sis aevi brevis". Early
American gravestones sometimes exhibited the sentiment "Memor esto brevis aevi".
V. 39 Cf. Horace, Carmina 1.4.13-14: "pallida Mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum
tabernas / regumque turres".
V. 40 Cf. Martial 1.15.11-12: "Non est, crede mihi, sapientis dicere 'Vivam'; / sera
nimis vita est crastina : vive hodie!".
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364 L. Μ. KAISER
V. 1 Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses V.391 : "perpetuum ver est". The first live lines
are much in the spirit and sentiment of Horace, Carmina IV.7.1-12.
V. 2 Cf. Ovid, Ibis 37: "et ver autumno, brumae miscebitur aestas".
V. 3 The reading "quo" of the 1683 edition cannot fit the context.
Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses 11.27: "verque novum stabat cinctum fiorente corona".
V. 4 Cf. Appendix Vergiliana: Ciris 95-96: "foribusque hyacinthi / deponunt flores".
V. 4-5 Cf. Horace, Epistulae 1.3.3: "Hebrusque nivali compede vinctus".
V. 5 Cf. Vergil, Georgics IV.135-136: "cum tristis hiems etiamnum frigore saxa /
rumperet".
V. 5-6 The passage "quo me fert animus, vereor" means "I am inclined to fear".
V. 7 Cf. Columella, De Re Rustica II.9.4: "vicibus annorum".
V. 9 Cf. Juvenal IV.56-57: "letifero ... autumno".
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 365
V. 19 Cf. Ovid, Epistulae ex Ponto II.9.47: "adde, quod ingenuas didicisse fideliter
artes / emollit mores".
V. 23 Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses Vili.387: "et [putatur] 'meritum' dixisse 'feres
virtutis honorem' ".
V. 24 Cf. Ovid, Tristia IV.2.15: "plebs pia cumque pia laetetur plebe senatus".
Cf. Ovid, Amores III.5.44: "adulterii labe carere".
V. 25 Cf. Ovid, Fasti III.681 : "correptus amore Minervae".
V. 26 Cf. Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiäres VII.3.1: "sollicitum autem te habebat
cogitatio tum officii, tum etiam periculi mei".
V. 27 Cf. Horace, Ars Poetica 408 : "Studium sine divite vena".
V. 28 The 1683 edition reads "etc" (our "et").
We have placed after "cedo" the question mark following "ego" in the 1683
edition.
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366 L. Μ. KAISER
Elijah Corlet
V. 39-41 Cf. Cicero, De Oratore 1.194: "cum vitia hominum atque fraudes damnis,
ignominiis, vinclis, verberibus, exsiliis, morte multantur".
V. 41 Cf. Horace, Carmina 11.10.20: "rebus angustis animosus".
V. 46 Cf. Lucretius VI.845-846: "frigore cum premitur porro omnis terra coitque /
et quasi concrescit"; Ovid, Tristia 111.10(11).25: "ut vincti concrescant frigore rivi".
V. 1 The broadside reads "siccinne" here and in line 3, an error for "siccine" or
"sicine".
"Munus" can mean both a "tribute" and "funeral obsequies".
Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses XIII.525-526: "tibi munera matris / contingent fletus".
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 367
V. 11 Cf. Ovid, Amores II.9.10: "pectoraque infesta tundat aperta manu"; and
Seneca, Thyestes 1045: "pectora illiso sonent / contusa planctu".
V. 13-14 Cf. Ovid, Ars Amatoria 11.112: "ingenii dotes corporis adde bonis".
V. 15 Cf. Lucretius VI.6: "veridico ... ex ore".
Cf. Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria XI.3.75: "mites (oculi)".
Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses VII.656: "parcum genus est patiensque laborum".
V. 16 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid 1.521 : "placido sic pectore coepit".
V. 17 Cf. Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 1.100: "vultu hilari atque laeto"; Aulus
Gellius, Noctes Atticae XV.9.1 : "fronte hilaro".
Cf. Horace, Carmina 11.12.15-16: "bene mutuis / fidum pectus amoribus".
V. 18-19 Cf. Cicero, Pro L. Fiacco 4: "sermonis leporem, ingeniorum acumen.
dicendi copiam".
V. 19 The broadside reads "faelici ingenio superat accumine multos", which is
defective metrically, in spelling, and in tense consistency with lines 18 and 20.
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368 L.M. KAISER
V. 21-22 Cf. Cicero, De Officiis 2.12: "vera gloria radices agit, atque etiam pro
pagatur".
V. 23 Cf. Statius, Thebais Χ11.114-115: "unum ... / nomen in ore sedet".
Cf. Vergil, Georgics II.484: "circum praecordia sanguis".
V. 25 The word order of this sentence is more Iike that of lyric. "Doctis" modifies
"scriptis".
V. 26 "Vero" (which is defective metrically, but for which I find no emendation
persuasive) is probably dative case after "aptaque". The mood of "erat" is post
classical.
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 369
V. 38 Cf. Ovid, Ars Amatoria 11.426: "interior curru meta terenda meost".
V. 39 The broadside reads "interiant", a non-existent form.
Cf. Ennodius, Carmina II.2.1 : "post busta superstes".
V. 40 Cf. Ennius, in Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 1.15.34: "volito vivus
virum".
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370 L. Μ. KAISER
In the annotations below, the symbol A indicates Logan's first choice of words,
B, his second, and G, the edition of Amelia Mott Gummere.
V. 1 "Sis licet in teneris abrepta parentibus annis" AG.
V. 2 "Vita orbata" ß; "Et vita orba" A; "Vita exempta" G.
V. 3 "duro" ß; "saevo" A ; "pleno" G.
Cf. Ovid, Heroides XII.183: "si forte preces praecordia ferrea tangunt".
V. 4 Cf. Ovid, Halieuticon 116: "captus duro nociturus scorpios ictu".
V. 5 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid IX.249-250: "tam certa tulistis / pectora".
V. 6 "prodere sensa tui" ßG; "sensa referre tui" A.
Cf. Cicero, De Oratore 1.8: "quod exprimere dicendo sensa possumus".
V. 9 "Blanditia" G.
Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses XV.871-872: "opus ... / nec poterit ferrum nec edax
abolere vetustas".
V. 15 This line and the next are written in the margin of the page, with a carat to
indicate the place of Insertion.
Cf. Ovid, Heroides XIII.66: "signatum memori pectore nomen habe".
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 371
Cf. Vergil, Aeneid X.746: "in aeternam clauduntur lumina noctem"; Georgics
IV.495-496: "en iterum crudelia retro / fata vocant conditque natantia lumina
somnus".
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372 L. Μ. KAISER
V. 29-30 These lines are dropped down an extra space in the Ms, perhaps
represent the beginning of another poem. G omits.
V. 30 We have added "Vale" to fili out an otherwise incomplete line.
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 373
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L. Μ. KAISER
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 375
51 See Leo Μ. Kaiser, ed., "The Latin Epitaph of Sir John Randolph", Virginia
Magazine of History and Biography, 78 (1970), 199-201.
52 But see the comments in our annotation.
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376 L. Μ. KAISER
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 377
of the verse translation, the Latin passage is perhaps to be construed, "The Academy
mourns that 'objects dear to it' ("visa") are carried forth in this funeral here". Bu
a perfectly good sense also (requiring a comma at the end of line 15) is: "The Academ
mourns, seeming to be carried out of itself by this funeral here". There is no comm
in the Gazette text after line 15. The verb "luget" can be both transitive and intransitiv
V. 17 "Orba" modifìes both "Urbs" and "Respublica".
V. 19 Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses IX.293-294: "fessa malis tendensque ad coelum
bracchia magno / Lucinam ... clamore vocabam".
V. 20 Cf. Lucretius V.909: "nomine inani".
V. 21-22 These lines seem not to be reflected in the verse translation.
V. 22 Cf. Ovid, Amores III.6.68: "spargebat teneros [al. tepidos, tepido] flebilis
imbre sinus"; Fasti IV.522: "decidit in tepidos lucida gutta sinus"; Seneca, Phoenìssae
441 : "inrigat fletu genas".
V. 23 "Vidua" modifìes "turtur".
Cf. Vergil, Eclogues 1.58: "nec gemere aèria cessabit turtur ab ulmo".
V. 24 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid 1.221-222: "gemit et crudelia secum / fata Lyci".
V. 27 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid IX.30-31 : "ceu pingui flumine Nilus / cum refluit campis";
III.389: "ad fluminis undam".
V. 28 Cf. Horace, Epistulae 1.2.69-70: "quo semel est imbuta recens, servabit odorem /
testa diu".
It is remotely possible that "sensus et umbra" was suggested to the poet by Ovid,
Epistulae ex Ponto II.2.100: "siquid habet sensus umbra diserta". The two words
constitute a striking expression, difficult to render — perhaps "the perception and
blurred recollection of the past".
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378 L. Μ. KAISER
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 379
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380 L, Μ. KAISER
*
* *
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THIRTEEN EARLY AMERICAN LATIN ELEGIES 381
Loyola University,
Chicago.
53 A work which appeared after the present article was in press and which we have
not yet seen is Astrid Schmitt-von Mühlenfels, Die "Funeral Elegy" New Englands:
Eine gattungsgeschichtliche Studie. Beihefte zum Jahrbuch für Amerikastudien, Band 37
(Heidelberg, 1973).
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MISCELLANEA
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MISCELLANEA 383
A few weeks before his trip Snavel had copied at Louvain a short
text "Anonymi, de artificiali memoria ..." on f. lr-v of his manuscript,
to which he added the following note (f. lv): "... Hec circa doctrinam
artificialiter memorandi, de qua eciam arte tangit dominus Franciscus
de Zabarellis in tractatu qui sequitur. Copiavi ut melius potui, quia
intellectu adhuc deficio, qui dignior est quam memoria. Anno Domini
MCCCCXLVI0, 3a, 4a et 5a februarii, Lovanii pro tunc".
This note raises the question what Snavel was doing at Louvain
five years after he had abandoned his chair at the university. Did
he stay there only for a few days [cf. "pro tunc"]! And where did he
live? He certainly did not belong to the priory of Groenendaal,
since no trace of him is to be found either in its very reliable obituary
or in any other records of the community4.
Perhaps, he returned to his native country in the North. Two facts
may support this hypothesis. Snavel's manuscript belonged for many
centuries to the priory of Frenswegen 5 near Nordhorn, less than sixty
miles east of Zwolle. It is now just across the Dutch-German frontier
but at that time it was a stronghold of the cultural and religious
tendencies emanating from Windesheim.
A certain Reinerus Snavel of Zwolle, who studied at Cologne (bacca
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384 MISCELLANEA
Leuven. J. IJsewijn
Quinetiam nondum edito foetu, matrum tarnen vigilat cura : non vescuntur
quibuslibet cibis grauidae; cauent ab incommodo corporis motu, et si
quid forte in faciem inciderit, protinus auulsum manu ad secretam
corporis partem applicant. Eo remedio fieri multis experimentis com
pertum est, vt deformitas quae in conspicua corporis parte erat futura,
lateat in occulta.
The text alludes to a populär belief, which is still alive among older
people in Flanders and perhaps also elsewhere, that to prevent bodily
harm to the child in the womb a pregnant woman should never be
frightened 1. More precisely if the woman is touched unexpectedly,
a birth-mark will be visible on exactly the same spot of the child's
skin and bear the form of the object or animai which frightened
the mother; or there will be a deformation, e.g. hare-lip when the
mouth is touched. What Erasmus had in mind is that in such a case
the woman being touched on her face, makes a desperate effort to
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MISCELLANEA 385
1 Which is why Hebrew cursive script departs considerably from the litterae
quadrarne, thus obviating confusion of similar-looking letters.
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386 MISCELLANEA
Harry C. Schnur
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MISCELLANEA 387
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388 MISCELLANEA
Lubumbashi-Bruxelles. Η. Silvestre
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INSTRUMENTUM CRITICUM
— Cortesius Paulus
p. 36, 1.12 : "ad ... utilitatem ad inventa historia videri solet". Legas
adinventa.
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390 INSTRUMENTA
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INSTRUMENTA 391
emendandum emendatum
J. IJsewijn
III
instead of read
p. 61,1.12 paucis perstrinxero paucis omnia perstrin
xero
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392 INSTRUMENTA
The answer to the question at p. 59, η. 1 : the two verses (f. 156r, 11.21
22: the text on p.66) are taken, with only a slight Variation at the
beginning (Νam nobis instead of Sed vobis), from Properce 2, 9, 31-32.
G. Tournoy
IV
— Celtis Conradus.
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INSTRUMENTA 393
vi
VII
— Hoest Stephanus.
VIII
— Landinus Christophorus.
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394 INSTRUMENTA
IX
— Melanchthon Philippus.
— Parmenius Stephanus.
XI
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INSTRUMENTA 395
• XII
— Varchius Benedictus.
J. IJsewijn - G. Tournoy
INSTRUMENTUM BIBLIOGRAPHICUM
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INSTRUMENTA 395
• XII
— Varchius Benedictus.
J. IJsewijn - G. Tournoy
INSTRUMENTUM BIBLIOGRAPHICUM
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396 INSTRUMENTA
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INSTRUMENTA 397
the many points that might give rise to controversy. The primary
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398 INSTRUMENTA
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INSTRUMENTA 399
III
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400 INSTRUMENTA
IV
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INSTRUMENTA 401
Erythraeus Francus.
7) Carmina quaedam funebria dicata memoriae ... Magistri Christo
phori Libyi, pastoris ecclesiae Dei in veteri Arce Brenni. Witten
berg, J. Schwertel for M. Welack, 1578. Title printed within border
of type Ornaments. 12 lvs.
The contribution by Praetorius (6 pp.) entirely changed and
revised in ink. Other contributors are Petrus Weitzke Brande
burgensis and Johannes Lampertus Brandenburgensis.
8) Achemius, Henricus, Gratulatio. Facta ampliss. senatui totique
Reipub. civitatis veteris Brandenburgensis, cum ecclesiae eius Rev.
Dominus Urbanus Pierius ... pastorpraeficeretur. Berlin, M. Hentz
sken, 1578. Title printed within border of type Ornaments. 4 lvs.
(Last blank).
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402 INSTRUMENTA
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INSTRUMENTA 403
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404 INSTRUMENTA
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INSTRUMENTA 405
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406 INSTRUMENTA
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INSTRUMENTA 407
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408 INSTRUMENTA
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INSTRUMENTA 409
J. IJsewijn
Scriptores Afro-Latini.
J. IJsewijn
VI
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410 INSTRUMENTA
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INSTRUMENTA 411
J. IJsewijn
VII
1. General
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412 INSTRUMENTA
— Gualdo Rosa Lucia, "Le lettere di dedica delle traduzioni dal greco
nel '400. Appunti per un' analisi stilistica", Vichiana, N.S. 2 (Napoli
1973), 68-85.
— Haider J., Die Geschichte des Theaterwesens im Benediktinerstift
Seitenstetten in Barock und Aufklärung, Theatergeschichte Öster
reichs IV, 1 (Wien, Österreich. Akademie, 1973).
— IJsewijn J., "Le latin des humanistes frantjais. Evolution et Étude
comparative", in L'Humanisme fr angais au début de la Renaissance.
Colloque international de Tours (XIV" stage), De Pétrarque à
Descartes XXIX (Paris, 1973), pp. 329-342.
— Kopal Z.-Carder R. W., The Mapping of the Moon. Fast and
Present. (Boston-Dordrecht/Reidel, 1974).
Ch. 1 : History of Lunar Mapping 1600-1960.
— Pini Francesco, "Il Latino 'lingua viva' ", Studi Romani, XXI
(1973), 250-258.
— Piovesan Aem., "De aliquot poetis Latinis XVIII-XIX saeculi",
Palaestra Latina, 43 (1973), 169-182.
— Puratic 2., "Odrazi Ovidijeve dikcije i tematike na neke Juzno
hrvatske Latiniste" (Dalmacija, Dubrovnik, Kotor), Ζ iva Antika,
XXIII (1973), 158-184.
A study of Ovid's influence on the Latin poets of Southern Croatia from the
fifteenth to the nineteenth Century.
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INSTRUMENTA 413
Stäuble Α.,
"Rassegna di Studi teatrali", Bibli
sance, XXXVI (1974), 361-396.
A criticai survey of studies on Italian dra
2. POETRY
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414 INSTRUMENTA
— Fleming Paulus,
Beller M., "Thema, Konvention
Ausdrucksformen in Paul Flem
(1973), 157-189.
— Godefridus de Trajecto (Maas
daal/Tienen 1405),
Klinger Chr., Godefridi de Trai
und kritische Ausgabe, Mittella
(Ratingen/Henn, 1973).
An adaptation of Alexander de Villa Dei'
— Grotius Hugo,
Meulenbroek B. L., De Dichtwer
lijke dichtwerken : tweede deel,
1972-73).
The Latin poems of 1595-1600 with Dutch translation and philological and his
torical notes.
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INSTRUMENTA 415
Kepler Johannes,
Seck Fr., "Johannes Kepler als Dic
Symposium Weil der Stadt 1971 (H
Koppay Georgius Slovacus (fi. s. X
Hejnic J., "L'épithalame de Juray
de Rozmberk", Graecolatina et Or
Macrinus Salmonius,
Soubeille G., "Le thème de la sour
Macrin", Annales Univ. de Toulous
Naugerius Andreas,
Andrea Navagero : Lusus. Text a
Introduction and with a Criticai C
Bibliotheca Humanistica & Refo
Graaf, 1973).
Pannonius Janus,
Jani Pannonii Carmina selectiora.
illustravit T. Kardos, ... Version f
noll, P. Chaulot (Budapest/Corvina
Santarcangeli P., "Un umanista
quinto centenario della morte", A
154-165.
Pascoli Ioannes,
G. Morabito, "Per il Latino del Pascoli", Anima-Pensiero X (1974),
5-27.
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416 INSTRUMENTA
— Silvester Dominicus,
Domenico Silvestri, The Latin Poetry, edited by R.C. Jensen,
Humanistische Bibliothek 11.20 (München/Fink, 1973).
— Taurellius Pomponius (Monte Chiarugolo/Parma 1539-Parma
1608),
Piastra Clelia, "De Pomponii Taurelli Carmine Ίη Partum bea
tissimae virginis' nondum foras dato", Aevum, 47 (1973), 509-511.
— Tribrachus Gaspar,
Satirarum Uber, dedicato al duca Borso d'Este, a cura di G. Ventu
rini, Deputazione provinciale ferrarese di storia patria : Atti e
Memorie, Serie III, vol. XIV (Ferrara, 1972).
— Vida Marcus Hieronymus,
Di Cesare Μ. Α., Bibliotheca Vidiana. A Bibliography of Marco
Girolamo Vida (Firenze/Sansoni, 1974), 348 pp.
A descriptive bibliography of Editions, Translations, Scholarly and Criticai Studies
(to 1973), with 53 facsimiles and copious indexes.
Town names to be corrected: Hanovia = Hanau (not Hannover), nr. 37; Poso
nium = Bratislava/Pressburg (not Posen/Poznan), nrs. 50, 231, 344, 437, 507, 553,
611; Brixia = Brescia (not Brüssels), nrs. 99, 189, 317, 416. One additional refe
rence: nr. 776bis: Schaar C., "Vida, Ramsay and Milton's Bees", English Studies,
46 (1965), 417-418.
— Vleys Petrus Brugensis (fDudzele 1772),
Geldhof J., Charitas Calendarium ofte Den Noortschen Almanach
der Liefde, voor het jaar O H.J.C. 1758 geschreven door Pieter Vleys,
uitgegeven en van aantekeningen voorzien (Published by the "Bond
der Westvlaamse Volkskundigen", 1974, and obtainable from the
editor, Dorpsweg 22A, B-8002 Meetkerke, Belgium).
A bilingual calendar in forty-six strophes of six lines each, written as a "strena 1758"
for the parish-priests of the villages North of Bruges.
— Vossius Gerardus Joannes,
Dekker Α. Μ. M., "Een onopgemerkt Latijns gedieht van Gerardus
Johannes Vossius", Hermeneus, 44 (1972/73), 236-245.
"In honorem Musici Henrici J. Speui" (1610).
3. Theatre
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INSTRUMENTA 417
- Atkinson Thomas,
W. E. Mahaney and W.K. Sherw
Philip Parsons Atalanta, and Thom
by W. K. Sherwin, Jay Freyman and Eve Parrish. Elizabethan
Studies, 16 (Salzburg/Universität, 1973).
- Avancini Nicolaus S.J.,
Valentin J.-M., "Programme von Avancinis Stücken. Herausgegeben
von J.-M. Valentin, Literaturwissensch. Jahrbuch, NF. 12 (1971),
1-42 [published 1973],
Datus Leonardus,
Gorni G., "Storia del Certame Coronario", Rinascimento, II. 12
(1972), 135-181 [published 1974],
Erasmus,
Vide: Anselmus.
Frischlinus Nicodemus,
Wheelis S. M., "Nicodemus Frischlin's Julius Redivivus and its
Reflections on the Past", Studies in the Renaissance, XX (1973),
106-117.
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418 INSTRUMENTA
4. Prose
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INSTRUMENTA 419
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420 INSTRUMENTA
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INSTRUMENTA 421
Lipsius Justus,
Kluyskens J., "Twee onuitgegeven
reus", Ons geestelijk erf, XLVII (1
Two unpublished letters of Lipsius to the J
Loschi Nicolaus (Vicenza 1412-an
Gualdo Rosa Lucia, "Niccolò Loschi e Pietro Perleone e le tradu
zioni dell'orazione pseudo-isocratea "T Demonico", in Atti dell'
Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, classe di scienze morali,
lettere ed arti, CXXXI (1973), pp. 825-856.
Lucretius Bononiensis (pseud. ?),
Langer G., "Von dem Tractatus de arte oratoria des Lucretius
Bononiensis", Quaerendo, III (1973), 32-38.
Published at Deventer ca. 1585 (anonymously) and in 1506.
Maczyriski Joannes,
Lexicon Latino-Polonicum (Königsberg 1564), nunc iterum edidit
Reinhold Olesch. Slavistische Forschungen, 14 (Wien, 1973).
Morus Thomas,
Nagel A. F., "Lies and the Limitable Inane: Contradiction in More's
Utopia", Renaissance Quarterly, XXVI (1973), 173-180.
Perleone Petrus (Rimini 14.. - Venezia 1463),
Vide: Loschi N. (Gualdo).
Petrarca Franciscus,
Sine Nomine. Lettere polemiche e politiche, a cura di U. Dotti.
(Bari/Laterza, 1974).
Poggio Bracciolini,
Tournoy G., "Facetiae Poggii?", Romanische Forschungen, 85
(1973), 139-144.
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422 INSTRUMENTA
— Pole Reginaldus,
Parks G. B., "Did Pole write the ' Vita Longolii'T', Renaissance
Quarterly, XXVI (1973), 274-284.
Not in its actual form, but perhaps a first draft.
— Pyrrhus Johannes Anglebermaeus,
Secret F., "Une lettre oubliée de Jean Pyrrhus d'Angleberme",
Bibl. Human. Renaiss., 35 (1973), 79-84.
"Epistola de Mediolani Laudibus".
— Rabelais Franciscus,
CEuvres complètes. Edition établie, annotée et préfacée par G. De
merson. Texte latin établi, annoté et traduit par Geneviève De
merson. (Paris, 1973).
pp.932sqq.: Lettres et ceuvres diverses (epistolae latinae VI; carmina II).
— Radinus Todeschus Thomas O.P. (Piacenza 15.III.1488 - Roma
1527?),
Tommaso Radini Tedeschi, Orazione contro Filippo Melantone.
Testo, traduzione e commento a cura di FI. Ghizzoni. Saggio
introduttivo di G. Berti, Storia del Cristianesimo, 3 (Brescia/Paideia,
1973).
Editio princeps: Roma 1522.
— Trithemius Johannes,
De laude scriptorum — Zum Lobe der Schreiber. Eingeleitet, heraus
gegeben und übersetzt von Kl. Arnold, Mainfränkische Hefte, 60
(Würzburg, 1973).
— Vadianus Joachim,
De poetica et carminis ratione. Kritische Ausgabe mit deutscher
Übersetzung und Kommentar von P. Schäffer, Humanistische
Bibliothek 11.21 (München, 1973).
— Valla Laurentius,
Besomi O., Laurentii Valle Gesta Ferdinandi regis Aragonum, The
saurus Mundi, 10 (Padova/Antenore, 1973).
— Verelius Olavus, Suecus,
Tengström E., "Peregrinano cosmopolitana" — Ein Neo-Latei
nischer Roman aus dem 17. Jahrhundert, in Classica et Mediaevalia
Francisco Blatt septuagenario dedicata (Kobenhavn, 1973), pp.617
621.
— Vives Joannes Ludovicus,
Ludovico Vives, De Subventione pauperum, a cura di A. Saitta,
Biblioteca di Studi Superiori XXIX (Firenze/La Nuova Italia,
1973).
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INSTRUMENTA 423
— Winckelmann J. J.,
De ratione delineandi Graecorum artificum primi artium saeculi ex
nummis antiquissimis dignoscenda, herausgegeben von Kl.-P. Goet
hert. Abhandlungen Akad. Wissensch, und Lit., Geistes- und sozial
wissensch. Klasse (Wiesbaden, 1974).
5. Inscriptions
INSTRUMENTUM LEXICOGRAPHICUM
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424 INSTRUMENTA
Clenodium
III
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INSTRUMENTA 425
Place names :
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NUNTII
1.
2.
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NUNTII 427
À cette occasion, un ce
recherches ont été pr
l'Association, à la suite
lors du Congrès d'Amst
1. Principes d'édition de
connexes, entre autre
bibliographique, biogr
latin.
2. Histoire littéraire, n
3. Histoire des idées (re
4. Histoire des sciences.
5. Relations entre les langues vulgaires et le néo-latin.
Pour tous renseignements, on pourra s'adresser à :
M. Jean-Claude Margolin,
Professeur au Centre d'Études Supérieures de la Renaissance,
(Département de Philosophie et d'Histoire de l'Humanisme)
Président du Comité d'Organisation du Congrès
II
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Statutes of the International Association for Neo-Latin Studies
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STATUTES OF THE I.A.N.L.S. 429
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430 STATUTES OF THE I.A.N.L.S.
Artide IV — Committees
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STATUTES OF THE I.A.N.L S. 431
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432 STATUTES OF THE TA.N.L.S.
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STATUTES OF THE I.A.N.L.S. 433
Artide IX — Publications
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STATUTES OF THE I.A.N.L.S.
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INDICES
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436 INDICES
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INDICES 437
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438 INDICES
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INDICES 439
Lambertus, Johannes : p. 40
Lampsonius, Dominicus : p.
Landinus, Christopherus : ρ
Langecruys, Joannes : ρ. 323-325 Marsuppini : ν. Aretinus
Lannoy, Philippe de : p. 268 Martialis : p. 423
Lap, Gijsbertus : p. 193-194 Martini, Pierre : p, 155 ·
Lapidanus : p. 52 Martinus, Henricus : p. 408
LapodaCastiglionchio (il Giovane):p. 1-31 Marulus, Marcus : p. 286-287
Latinius, Latinus : p. 253, 269-270 Mather, Cotton : p. 346-381
Latomus, Johannes Berganus: ρ. 412 Mauricius, Georgius: p. 405-406
Laurentius, David : p. 404 Medius, Thomas : p. 417
Laurentius, Ludovicus : p. 403 Meisterus, Joachim : ρ. 406
Laurimannus, Cornelius : ρ. 200, 202-203 Melanchthon, Philippus : ρ, 242, 394, 406
Laurinus, Marcus : ρ, 43, 47, 49-50 407
Layman, Paul : ρ. 421 Mermannius, Arnoldus : ρ. 290, 299, 301
Lechelius, Joannes Baptista : ρ. 405 Meun, Jean de : ρ. 33
Leeuw, Theodorus van der : p. 255 Meyerus, Jacobus : p. 43
Lefèvre de la Boderie, Guy : p. 165 Middendorpius, Jacobus : p. 294
Leverett, John : p. 410 Milton, John : p. 411
Libanius : p. 157 Modestus, J A. : p. 132
Linocier, Goeffroy : p. 177 Molanus, Joannes : p. 300
Lipsius, Justus : p. 244-270, 421 Monachus, Henricus : p. 404
Livinus : p. 43 Monheim, Johannes : p. 262
Logan, James : p. 369-372 Montag, Martinus : p. 407
Longolius (de Longueil), Christophorus : Monfortius, Lambertus Hortensis : p. 193
p. 285, 293 Moretus, Joannes: p. 255, 257, 313-316,
Loschi : ν. Luschis 322-333
Lowry, William : p. 380 Morus, Philippus : p. 192, 200, 203
Lucanus : p. 412 Morus, Thomas : p. 154, 411, 421
Lucretius : p. 412 Mosellanus, Petrus : p. 285
Lucretius, Bononiensis : p. 421 Münster, Sebastianus : p. 143
Luntius, Joannes : p. 205 Muretus, Marcus Antonius : p. 250, 260
Lupus, Christianus : p. 420
Lupus, Petrus : p. 369 Naugerius, Andreas : p. 415
Luschis (Loschi), Nicolaus de : p. 421 Neufville : p. 154
Luther, M. : p. 242 Nicolas, Simon : p. 175
Luytens, Henri : p. 290, 299, 301 Niolandus, Jacobus : p. 42
Nizolius, Marius : p. 338
Macchiavelli, N. : p. 4 Nordanus, Martinus : p. 403
Macropedius, Georgius: p. 188-227, 293, Nostradamus, Michael: p. 172
309 Nunnesius, Petrus Joannes : p. 286
Maczyiiski, Joannes : p. 421
Madridius, Christophorus: p. 292, 301 Oakes, Urian : p. 3
Madur, s.j. : p. 287 Occius, Henricus : p. 408
Maffei, J. P. : p. 284, 294 Orsini : ν. Ursinus
Maior, Johannes : p. 401-402 Osorius, Hieronymus : p. 282, 294
Manutius, Aldus jr. : p. 338 Otterbornius, Paulus : p. 403
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440 INDICES
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INDICES 441
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HUMANISTICA LOVANIENSIA
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Georgius Axer. "Boleslaus Secundus Furens", de Stanislai episcopi Cracoviensis mar
tyrio tragoedia.
Jean-Marie Valentin. "Macarius Romanus" de Jakob Bidermann. Réédition et intro
duction.
Juiiette Desjardins. Larissa de Théophile de Viau, une "fable milésienne" du 17e siècle.
Étude littéraire, texte latin, traduction frangaise, appendice bibliographique.
Leo M. Kaiser. The Oratio Quinta of Urian Oakes, Harvard 1678.
Caelestis Eichenseer, O.S.B. Hermann Steinberger, ein Münchner Lateindichter.
L.M. Kaiser. The Unpublished Oratio Secunda of Urian Oakes, Harvard 1675.
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341 ρ. Louvain 1973 50.75 Hfl.
J.R. Berrigan. Latin Tragedy of the Qua
J.R. Berrigan. Gregorii Corrarii Veneti
W. Ludwig. Titus Livius de' Frulovisi - ein humanistischer Dramatiker der Renaissance.
E. Van Balberghe. Un manuscrit de la 'Vita Petrarchae' de Giannozzo Manetti (Bruxelles
11466-78).
J. IJsewijn/W. Lourdaux/E. Persoons. Adam Jordaens (1449-1494), an Early Humanist
at Louvain.
Ph. Dust. New Light on Milton's 'Two-Handed Engine' : a Possible Neo-Latin Source.
E. Tengström. Une apologie du peuple Lapon en vers latins (ca 1740?).
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