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CSE1202 Mathematics & Statistics For Computer Science: Lecture 5 - Linear Algebra

This document summarizes key concepts about matrices from a lecture on linear algebra. It defines what a matrix is and how they are categorized by size and elements. It covers basic matrix operations like addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication and matrix multiplication. It also discusses determinants, what they represent, and how to calculate them for 2x2 and 3x3 matrices. Finally, it introduces the inverse matrix, how it is related to the identity matrix, and some conditions where the inverse may not exist.

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72 views20 pages

CSE1202 Mathematics & Statistics For Computer Science: Lecture 5 - Linear Algebra

This document summarizes key concepts about matrices from a lecture on linear algebra. It defines what a matrix is and how they are categorized by size and elements. It covers basic matrix operations like addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication and matrix multiplication. It also discusses determinants, what they represent, and how to calculate them for 2x2 and 3x3 matrices. Finally, it introduces the inverse matrix, how it is related to the identity matrix, and some conditions where the inverse may not exist.

Uploaded by

madanamohandr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSE1202 Mathematics & Statistics

for Computer Science

Lecture 5 – Linear Algebra

Facilitator:
Ms. Alicia Layne
14/02/2018
15/02/2018
Matrices
●
A matrix is an ordered array of elements,
usually numbers, arranged in rows and
columns
●
Matrices are categorized by their “size”
●
The size of a matrix is measured in the number
of rows and columns the matrix has
●
Matrices that have the same number of rows as
columns are called square matrices
Matrices
●
ROW x COL
●
2 x 2 matrix – this is a square matrix

●
3 x 4 matrix
Matrices - Elements
●
The elements of a matrix are specified by the
row and column they reside in
●
For example, the 5 in the matrix below is at
position (2, 3) : the 2nd row and 3rd column
● More explicitly, M2,3 = 5
Basic Matrix Operations - Addition
●
Matrix addition is defined only on two matrices
of the same size, and works by adding
corresponding elements
●
Therefore the sum of an n x n matrix and n x n
matrix results in an n x n matrix
Basic Matrix Operations - Addition
●
Formally,
The sum S of two matrices A, B of the same size
satisfies
Si,j = Ai,j + Bi,j
for all i,j within the size of the matrices
●
It is worth noting that subtracting is defined as
the addition of a negative matrix
Si,j = Ai,j + (-Bi,j)
Basic Matrix Operations - Scalars
●
It is also possible to multiply matrices by
scalars, i.e. single numbers, by multiplying
element-wise:
Basic Matrix Operations - Scalars
●
Formally
The Product p of a constant c and a Matrix A
satisfies the relation
Pij = c · Aij
for all ij within the matrix
Basic Matrix Operations -
Multiplication
●
The product of two matrices is defined only
when the number of columns of the first
matrices is the same as the number of rows as
the second
– only possible to multiply m x n and n x p matrices
Basic Matrix Operations -
Multiplication

●
Is this m x n and n x p?
– Yes, 2x3 and 3x2
– The product will be a 2x2 matrix
Determinant of the Matrix
●
The determinant of a matrix is calculated from a
square matrix
●
It tells us things about the matrix that are useful
in systems of linear equations, helps us find the
inverse of a matrix, is useful in calculus and
more
●
|A| means the determinant of the matrix A
Determinant of 2x2 Matrix
Determinant of 3x3 Matrix
Determinant of 4x4 and higher
Inverse Matrix
●
When we multiply a Matrix by its Inverse we get
the Identity Matrix
– Similar to 8 * 1/8 = 1
●
It is "square" and has 1s on the diagonal and 0s
everywhere else
The Inverse May Not Exist
●
For instance if the determinant is 0
●
Singular matrix
Inverse – minors, adjugate,
cofactors
●
https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/matrix-
inverse-minors-cofactors-adjugate.html

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