SFDP on Electrical Systems Design

Assignments on Selection of Drives

25-02-2017

1 The line voltage measurements on the terminals of an induction motor over a period are,
410, 418, 420, 405 and 402. Calculate the percentage voltage unbalance and the derating of the
motor.

2 A three phase, 415 V, 7.5 kW squirrel cage induction motor takes 14A at rated full load
conditions and 77A when started directly on line. The impedance of the feeder supplying the
motor is 0.155 ohms. Check whether the starting of this motor will cause objectionable flicker. If
yes, what is the possible alternative?

3 An industrial application requires a totally enclosed type drive motor to drive a load
with the following loading cycle:
1.2 kW for 60 seconds
No load for 90 seconds
3kW for 90 seconds
Off for 180 seconds
The motor is to be used for driving a machine at 1440 rpm on a supply system with
three phase, 415volts, 50 Hz .Determine the rating of a suitable motor.

4 Determine the capacity of an open type, three phase, 415 V, squirrel cage induction
motor for an industrial application with the following loading pattern.
No load for 30 seconds
2.5 kW for 90 seconds
1.0 kW for 60 seconds
4.0 kW for 120 seconds
Off for 60 seconds

5 A floor charger machine with machine inertia of 0.5 kg.m2 needs a full load torque of 5
kg.m at 750 rpm. The charging cycle per hour of the machine is 15. The charging cycle is:
Start and run = 45 sec
Stop time with 2-3 inching operation = 60 sec
Start and run = 45 sec
Stop time =90 sec
Assuming each inching operation as equivalent to 0.5 starting operation, determine the
size of a suitable motor for the purpose.
 ANSWERS
EXAMPLE-1
The line voltage measurements on the terminals of an induction motor over a period are,
410, 418, 420, 405 and 402. Calculate the percentage voltage unbalance and the derating of the
motor.

Solution:
Maximum deviation from average voltage
Vun = ×100 (1)
Vav

410  418  420  405  402

Average voltage across the induction motor =
5
= 411 V
420  411
Substituting in equation (1) Vun =
411
= 2.19%
If a motor is constrained to operate with voltage unbalance greater than 1%, .then the
motor shall be de rated in accordance with Table -1.

Table 1 De rating factors of induction motors due to voltage unbalance

% voltage 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
unbalance
De rating 0.99 0.97 0.93 0.9 0.87 0.835 0.80 0.755

EXAMPLE-2
A three phase, 415 V, 7.5 kW squirrel cage induction motor takes 14A at rated full load
conditions and 77A when started directly on line. The impedance of the feeder supplying the
motor is 0.155 ohms. Check whether the starting of this motor will cause objectionable flicker. If
yes, what is the possible alternative?

Solution:
Full load current =14 A
Starting current =77A
Feeder impedance =0.155 ohm
Voltage dip in the feeder = 3 ×starting current × feeder impedance
= 3 ×77 ×0.155
= 20.67 V
20.67
Percentage voltage dip =  100
415
= 5.00%
Supposing the motor is started once every hour, the point is marked as A on the voltage
flicker curve (figure-14) and lies above the threshold of objection. Hence the starting of this motor
using DOL starter is objectionable.

To correct this problem, the solutions available are either to reduce the impedance value
of the feeder or to use a reduced voltage starter. The first solution may not be always feasible and
economic. But if the starting current can be reduced to 70 % of the original value, the voltage dip
at starting will come down to 3.5 % (0.7 × 5%) and the operation of the motor will not be a public
nuisance. This point is shown on the voltage flicker curve as point B in figure-5.27. A still better
solution will be to use a star delta starter , whereby the starting current can be reduced to 57.7 %
of the original starting current and the voltage drop comes down to 2.89%.(0.577×5%).

Figure-5.27 Voltage flicker points of example-2

EXAMPLE-3
An industrial application requires a totally enclosed type drive motor to drive a load
with the following loading cycle:
1.2 kW for 60 seconds
No load for 90 seconds
3kW for 90 seconds
Off for 180 seconds
The motor is to be used for driving a machine at 1440 rpm on a supply system with
three phase, 415volts, 50 Hz .Determine the rating of a suitable motor.

Solution:
When the motors are subjected to varying loading conditions for varying periods of time,
computation of the rating of the motors will be done using the equation

  kW  ti 
n
2
i
kWrms  1
(2)
 t0 n

   ti 
 k0 1 
Where,
kWrms = rms rating of the motor in kilowatts
kWi = loading of the motor at the ith instant
ti = time duration of the ith instant
k0 = is a constant to take care of the rest period
= 3 for open type motors
=4 for totally enclosed type motors
t0 = time period of rest for the motor
 Total time for the load cycle = 60+90+90+180
= 420 seconds
Total period of ON time =60+90+90
=240 seconds
Total ON time
Cycle duration factor =
Total cycle time
240
=
420
= 0.571
= 57.1 %
From equation 2,

  kW  ti 
n
2
i
The rating of the motor = kWrms  1

 t0 n

   ti 
 k0 1 
1.2 2
 60  02  90  32  90 
=
 180 
  60  90  90 
 4 
= 1.69 kW
The nearest standard size of a three phase totally enclosed motor is 2.2 kW. As a
precaution, we have to check whether this motor will be able to deliver 3kW loading for 90
seconds without overheating. This can be verified from the torque speed characteristics of the
motor. Normally the short time overload torque should not be greater than 75% of the pull ort
torque for stable operation.

EXAMPLE 4
Determine the capacity of an open type squirrel cage induction motor for an industrial
application with the following loading pattern.
No load for 30 seconds
2.5 kW for 90 seconds
1.0 kW for 60 seconds
4.0 kW for 120 seconds
Off for 60 seconds
Solution:

Total ON time
Cycle duration factor =
Total cycle time
30  90  60  120 300
=   0.833
30  90  60  120  60 360
= 83.33 %
From equation 2,
k0 for an open type motor =3
   kW  ti 
n
2
i
The rating of the motor = kWrms  1

 t0 n

   ti 
 k0 1 
0 2
 30  2.52  90 12  60  4 2 120 
=
 60 
  30  90  60  120 
 3 
= 2.818 kW
The next standard size of squirrel cage induction motor is 3.7 kW. Therefore the selection
will be a 3.7 kW squirrel cage induction motor with the other specifications like voltage, speed
and frequency of operation matching with the actual demand. The cycle duration factor of the
machine is 83.33 %. Since each cycle takes 300 seconds or 5 minutes, the number of duty cycles
per hour will be 12 which can be met by any motor manufactured in the frame size of 80 to 132
(refer table 5.24 – textbook, or Table 80 in Handbook).

EXAMPLE 5
A floor charger machine with machine inertia of 0.5 kg.m2 needs a full load torque of 5
kg.m at 750 rpm. The charging cycle per hour of the machine is 15. The charging cycle is:
Start and run = 45 sec
Stop time with 2-3 inching operation = 60 sec
Start and run = 45 sec
Stop time =90 sec
Assuming each inching operation as equivalent to 0.5 starting operation, determine the
size of a suitable motor for the purpose.
Solution:
Total starts per cycle = 2 + 3x0.5
=3.5
Total starts per hour = 15x 3.5
= 52.5
Total ON time for starting in one charging cycle =45+45
= 90 sec
Assuming 1 sec for each inching operation,
Total ON time including inching = 90+ 1x3
=93 sec
Total cycle time = 45+60+45+90
=240 sec
total ON time
Cycle duty factor-CDF =
total cycle time
93
=
240
= 0.3875
Therefore a CDF of 0.4 (40%) is chosen.
2 NT
Maximum output at rated rpm =
4500
2    750  5
=
4500
= 5.236 kW
 We can choose a 5.5 kW, 8 pole, squirrel cage induction motor with a frame size of 160M
which provides a rated full load torque of 7.55 kg.m and is having rotor inertia of 0.46
kgm2.(Refer table 80 in Handbook )
Machine GD2  Motor GD2
The inertia factor =
Motor GD2
0.5+0.46
=
0.46
= 2.087
The motor specifications are:
Rated out put =5.5kW
Supply voltage =415 V three phase, 50 Hz
Type of motor = squirrel cage motor
CDF = 40%
Factor of inertia =2
Table 5.24 &5.26 Performance data of squirrel cage induction motors (Courtesy: M/s.Crompton Greaves Ltd)