Matlab Code for Bisection Method

% Topic : Bisection Method - Roots of Equations

% Simulation : Graphical Simulation of the Method
% Language : Matlab r12
% Date : 2015
% Abstract : This simulation shows how the bisection
method works for finding roots of
% an equation f(x)=0
%
clear all
% INPUTS: Enter the following
% Function in f(x)=0
f = inline('x^3-0.165*x^2+3.993*10^(-4)');
% Upper initial guess
xu = 0.11;
% Lower initial guess
xl = 0.0;
% Lower bound of range of 'x' to be seen
lxrange = -0.02;
% Upper bound of range of 'x' to be seen
uxrange = 0.12;
%
% SOLUTION

% The following finds the upper and lower 'y' limits

for the plot based on the given
% 'x' range in the input section.
maxi = f(lxrange);
mini = f(lxrange);
for i=lxrange:(uxrange-lxrange)/10:uxrange
if f(i) > maxi
maxi = f(i);
end
if f(i) < mini
mini = f(i);
end
end
tot=maxi-mini;
mini=mini-0.1*tot;
maxi=maxi+0.1*tot;

% This calculates window size to be used in figures

set(0,'Units','pixels')
scnsize = get(0,'ScreenSize');
wid = round(scnsize(3));
hei = round(0.95*scnsize(4));
wind = [1, 1, wid, hei];

% This graphs the function and two lines representing

the two guesses
figure('Position',wind)
clf
fplot(f,[lxrange,uxrange])
hold on
plot([xl,xl],[maxi,mini],'y','linewidth',2)
plot([xu,xu],[maxi,mini],'g','linewidth',2)
plot([lxrange,uxrange],[0,0],'k','linewidth',1)
title('Entered function on given interval with initial
guesses')

hold off

% -----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
% Iteration 1
figure('Position',wind)
xr=(xu+xl)/2;
% This graphs the function and two lines representing
the two guesses
clf
subplot(3,1,2),fplot(f,[lxrange,uxrange])
hold on
plot([xl,xl],[maxi,mini],'y','linewidth',2)
plot([xu,xu],[maxi,mini],'g','linewidth',2)
plot([xr,xr],[maxi,mini],'r','linewidth',2)
plot([lxrange,uxrange],[0,0],'k','linewidth',1)
title('Entered function on given interval with upper
and lower guesses')

% This portion adds the text and math to the top part
of the figure window
subplot(3,1,1), text(0,1,['Iteration 1'])
text(0.2,.8,['xr = (xu + xl)/2 = ',num2str(xr)])
text(0,.6,['Finding the value of the function at the
lower and upper guesses and the estimated root'])
text(0.2,.4,['f(xl) = ',num2str(f(xl))])
text(0.2,.2,['f(xu) = ',num2str(f(xu))])
text(0.2,0,['f(xr) = ',num2str(f(xr))])
axis off
hold off

% Check the interval between which the root lies

if f(xu)*f(xr)<0
xl=xr;
else
xu=xr;
end

% This portion adds the text and math to the bottom

part of the figure window
subplot(3,1,3), text(0,1,['Check the interval between
which the root lies. Does it lie in ( xl , xu ) or ( xr
, xu )?'])
text(0,.8,[''])
text(0.2,0.6,['xu = ',num2str(xu)])
text(0.2,0.4,['xl = ',num2str(xl)])
axis off
xp=xr;

% -----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
% Iteration 2
figure('Position',wind)
xr=(xu+xl)/2;
% This graphs the function and two lines representing
the two guesses
clf
subplot(3,1,2),fplot(f,[lxrange,uxrange])
hold on
plot([xl,xl],[maxi,mini],'y','linewidth',2)
plot([xu,xu],[maxi,mini],'g','linewidth',2)
plot([xr,xr],[maxi,mini],'r','linewidth',2)
plot([lxrange,uxrange],[0,0],'k','linewidth',1)
title('Entered function on given interval with upper
and lower guesses')

% This portion adds the text and math to the top part
of the figure window
subplot(3,1,1), text(0,1,['Iteration 2'])
text(0.2,.8,['xr = (xu + xl) / 2 = ',num2str(xr)])
text(0,.6,['Finding the value of the function at the
lower and upper guesses and the estimated root'])
text(0.2,.4,['f(xl) = ',num2str(f(xl))])
text(0.2,.2,['f(xu) = ',num2str(f(xu))])
text(0.2,0,['f(xr) = ',num2str(f(xr))])
axis off
hold off

% Check the interval between which the root lies

if f(xu)*f(xr)<0
xl=xr;
else
xu=xr;
end

% Calculate relative approximate error

ea=abs((xr-xp)/xr)*100;

% This portion adds the text and math to the bottom

part of the figure window
subplot(3,1,3), text(0,1,['Absolute relative
approximate error'])
text(0,.8,['ea = abs((xr - xp) / xr)*100 =
',num2str(ea),'%'])
text(0,.4,['Check the interval between which the root
lies. Does it lie in ( xl , xu ) or ( xr , xu )?'])
text(0.2,0.2,['xu = ',num2str(xu)])
text(0.2,0,['xl = ',num2str(xl)])
axis off
xp=xr;

% -----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
% Iteration 3
figure('Position',wind)
xr=(xu+xl)/2;
% This graphs the function and two lines representing
the two guesses
clf
subplot(3,1,2),fplot(f,[lxrange,uxrange])
hold on
plot([xl,xl],[maxi,mini],'y','linewidth',2)
plot([xu,xu],[maxi,mini],'g','linewidth',2)
plot([xr,xr],[maxi,mini],'r','linewidth',2)
plot([lxrange,uxrange],[0,0],'k','linewidth',1)
title('Entered function on given interval with upper
and lower guesses')

% This portion adds the text and math to the top part
of the figure window
subplot(3,1,1), text(0,1,['Iteration 3'])
text(0.2,.8,['xr = (xu + xl) / 2 = ',num2str(xr)])
text(0,.6,['Finding the value of the function at the
lower and upper guesses and the estimated root'])
text(0.2,.4,['f(xl) = ',num2str(f(xl))])
text(0.2,.2,['f(xu) = ',num2str(f(xu))])
text(0.2,0,['f(xr) = ',num2str(f(xr))])
axis off
hold off

% Check the interval between which the root lies

if f(xu)*f(xr)<0
xl=xr;
else
xu=xr;
end

% Calculate relative approximate error

ea=abs((xr-xp)/xr)*100;
% This portion adds the text and math to the bottom
part of the figure window
subplot(3,1,3), text(0,1,['Absolute relative
approximate error'])
text(0,.8,['ea = abs((xr - xp) / xr)*100 =
',num2str(ea),'%'])
text(0,.4,['Check the interval between which the root
lies. Does it lie in ( xl , xu ) or ( xr , xu )?'])
text(0.2,0.2,['xu = ',num2str(xu)])
text(0.2,0,['xl = ',num2str(xl)])
axis off
xp=xr;

% -----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
% Iteration 4
figure('Position',wind)
xr=(xu+xl)/2;
% This graphs the function and two lines representing
the two guesses
clf
subplot(3,1,2),fplot(f,[lxrange,uxrange])
hold on
plot([xl,xl],[maxi,mini],'y','linewidth',2)
plot([xu,xu],[maxi,mini],'g','linewidth',2)
plot([xr,xr],[maxi,mini],'r','linewidth',2)
plot([lxrange,uxrange],[0,0],'k','linewidth',1)
title('Entered function on given interval with upper
and lower guesses')

% This portion adds the text and math to the top part
of the figure window
subplot(3,1,1), text(0,1,['Iteration 4'])
text(0.2,.8,['xr = (xu + xl) / 2 = ',num2str(xr)])
text(0,.6,['Finding the value of the function at the
lower and upper guesses and the estimated root'])
text(0.2,.4,['f(xl) = ',num2str(f(xl))])
text(0.2,.2,['f(xu) = ',num2str(f(xu))])
text(0.2,0,['f(xr) = ',num2str(f(xr))])
axis off
hold off

% Check the interval between which the root lies

if f(xu)*f(xr)<0
xl=xr;
else
xu=xr;
end

% Calculate relative approximate error

ea=abs((xr-xp)/xr)*100;

% This portion adds the text and math to the bottom

part of the figure window
subplot(3,1,3), text(0,1,['Absolute relative
approximate error'])
text(0,.8,['ea = abs((xr - xp) / xr)*100 =
',num2str(ea),'%'])
text(0,.4,['Check the interval between which the root
lies. Does it lie in ( xl , xu ) or ( xr , xu )?'])
text(0.2,0.2,['xu = ',num2str(xu)])
text(0.2,0,['xl = ',num2str(xl)])
axis off
xp=xr;

% -----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
% Iteration 5
figure('Position',wind)
xr=(xu+xl)/2;
% This graphs the function and two lines representing
the two guesses
clf
subplot(3,1,2),fplot(f,[lxrange,uxrange])
hold on
plot([xl,xl],[maxi,mini],'y','linewidth',2)
plot([xu,xu],[maxi,mini],'g','linewidth',2)
plot([xr,xr],[maxi,mini],'r','linewidth',2)
plot([lxrange,uxrange],[0,0],'k','linewidth',1)
title('Entered function on given interval with upper
and lower guesses')
% This portion adds the text and math to the top part
of the figure window
subplot(3,1,1), text(0,1,['Iteration 5'])
text(0.2,.8,['xr = (xu + xl) / 2 = ',num2str(xr)])
text(0,.6,['Finding the value of the function at the
lower and upper guesses and the estimated root'])
text(0.2,.4,['f(xl) = ',num2str(f(xl))])
text(0.2,.2,['f(xu) = ',num2str(f(xu))])
text(0.2,0,['f(xr) = ',num2str(f(xr))])
axis off
hold off

% Check the interval between which the root lies

if f(xu)*f(xr)<0
xl=xr;
else
xu=xr;
end

% Calculate relative approximate error

ea=abs((xr-xp)/xr)*100;

% This portion adds the text and math to the bottom

part of the figure window
subplot(3,1,3), text(0,1,['Absolute relative
approximate error'])
text(0,.8,['ea = abs((xr - xp) / xr)*100 =
',num2str(ea),'%'])
text(0,.4,['Check the interval between which the root
lies. Does it lie in ( xl , xu ) or ( xr , xu )?'])
text(0.2,0.2,['xu = ',num2str(xu)])
text(0.2,0,['xl = ',num2str(xl)])
axis off
xp=xr;
% Topic : Bisection Method - Roots of Equations
% Simulation : Convergence of the Method
% Language : Matlab r12
% Authors : Nathan Collier, Autar Kaw
% Date : 2015
% Abstract : This simulation illustrates the
convergence of the bisection method of
% finding roots of an equation f(x)=0.
%
% INPUTS: Enter the following
% Function in f(x)=0
f = inline('x^3-0.165*x^2+3.993*10^(-4)');
% Lower initial guess
xl = 0.0;
% Upper intial guess
xu = 0.11;
% Lower bound of range of 'x' to be seen
lxrange = -0.02;
% Upper bound of range of 'x' to be seen
uxrange = 0.12;
% Maximum number of iterations
nmax = 30;
% Guess of root for Matlab root function
xrguess=0.05;
%
% SOLUTION

% The following finds the upper and lower 'y' limits

for the plot based on the given
% 'x' range in the input section.
maxi = f(lxrange);
mini = f(lxrange);
for i=lxrange:(uxrange-lxrange)/10:uxrange
if f(i) > maxi
maxi = f(i);
end
if f(i) < mini
mini = f(i);
end
end
tot=maxi-mini;
mini=mini-0.1*tot;
maxi=maxi+0.1*tot;

% This calculates window size to be used in figures

set(0,'Units','pixels')
scnsize = get(0,'ScreenSize');
wid = round(scnsize(3));
hei = round(0.95*scnsize(4));
wind = [1, 1, wid, hei];

% This graphs the function and two lines representing

the two guesses
figure('Position',wind)
clf
subplot(2,1,2),fplot(f,[lxrange,uxrange])
hold on
plot([xl,xl],[maxi,mini],'y','linewidth',2)
plot([xu,xu],[maxi,mini],'g','linewidth',2)
plot([lxrange,uxrange],[0,0],'k','linewidth',1)
title('Entered function on given interval with upper
and lower guesses')

% This portion adds the text and math

subplot(2,1,1), text(0,0.8,['Check first if the lower
and upper guesses bracket the root of the equation'])
axis off
text(0.2,0.6,['f(xl) = ',num2str(f(xl))])
text(0.2,0.4,['f(xu) = ',num2str(f(xu))])
text(0.2,0.2,['f(xu)*f(xl) = ',num2str(f(xu)*f(xl))])
hold off

% True solution
% This is how Matlab calculates the root of a non-
linear equation.
xrtrue=fzero(f,xrguess);

% Value of root by iterations

% Here the bisection method algorithm is applied to
generate the values of the roots, true error,
% absolute relative true error, approximate error,
absolute relative approximate error, and the
% number of significant digits at least correct in
the estimated root as a function of number of
% iterations.
for i=1:nmax
xr(i)=(xl+xu)/2;
if f(xu)*f(xr(i))<0
xl=xr(i);
else
xu=xr(i);
end
end
n=1:nmax;

% Absolute true error

for i=1:nmax
Et(i)=abs(xrtrue-xr(i));
end

% Absolute relative true error

for i=1:nmax
et(i)=abs(Et(i)/xrtrue)*100;
end

% Absolute approximate error

for i=1:nmax
if i==1
Ea(i)=0;
else
Ea(i)=abs(xr(i)-xr(i-1));
end
end

% Absolute relative approximate error

for i=1:nmax
ea(i)=abs(Ea(i)/xrtrue)*100;
end

% Significant digits at least correct

for i=1:nmax
if (ea(i)>5 | i==1)
sigdigits(i)=0;
else
sigdigits(i)=floor((2-log10(ea(i)/0.5)));
end
end

% The graphs
figure('Position',wind)
plot(n,xr,'r','linewidth',2)
title('Estimated root as a function of number of
iterations')
figure('Position',wind)
subplot(2,1,1), plot(n,Et,'b','linewidth',2)
title('Absolute true error as a function of number of
iterations')
subplot(2,1,2), plot(n,et,'b','linewidth',2)
title('Absolute relative true error as a function of
number of iterations')
figure('Position',wind)
subplot(2,1,1), plot(n,Ea,'g','linewidth',2)
title('Absolute relative error as a function of number
of iterations')
subplot(2,1,2), plot(n,ea,'g','linewidth',2)
title('Absolute relative approximate error as a
function of number of iterations')
figure('Position',wind)
bar(sigdigits,'r')