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The document discusses finding the power series solution of Bessel's equation of order zero using the method of Frobenius. It first presents the general form of a differential equation that can be solved using a power series solution. It then discusses three cases for the basis of solutions depending on whether the roots of the indicial equation are distinct, double, or differ by an integer. MATLAB code is provided to find the power series solution for this specific Bessel equation case and plot the Bessel functions of the first and second kind.

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Anant Saxena
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87 views4 pages

Aod Exp 8 Upload

The document discusses finding the power series solution of Bessel's equation of order zero using the method of Frobenius. It first presents the general form of a differential equation that can be solved using a power series solution. It then discusses three cases for the basis of solutions depending on whether the roots of the indicial equation are distinct, double, or differ by an integer. MATLAB code is provided to find the power series solution for this specific Bessel equation case and plot the Bessel functions of the first and second kind.

Uploaded by

Anant Saxena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Anant Devendra Saxena Experiment -7 17BEE0351

Experiment – 7

AIM :
To find the power series solution of the Bessel’s equation of order zero by the
method of Frobenius and visualize it using MATLAB.

Series Solution of Differential Equations


• Many differential equations arising from physical problems are linear with
variable co-efficient.
• A general solution in terms of known function does not exist for these types
of equations.
• Such equations can be solved by finding the solution in the form of an
infinite convergent series.

Consider the Differential Equation of the form,


𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑃0 (𝑥) + 𝑃1 (𝑥) + 𝑃2 (𝑥)𝑦 = 0 (1)
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

If 𝑃0 (𝑎) ≠ 0, then is called an ordinary point of (1), otherwise


singular point.
• Let and be any functions that are analytic at
(‘’ is regular singular point). Then the ODE
b( x) ' c( x)
y ''  y  2 y  0      (2)
x x
has at least one solution that can be represented in the form

y ( x)  x r
a
m 0
m x m      (3)

where ≠ 0, the exponent may be real or complex.


Anant Devendra Saxena Experiment -7 17BEE0351

Basis of Solutions
Case : 1 Distinct roots (r1 and r2) not differing by an integer. Basis is,


y1 ( x)  x r1 a0  a1 x  a2 x 2  ... 
and

y2 ( x)  x r2 A0  A1 x  A2 x 2  ... 
Case : 2 Double root (r1=r2=r, equal roots). A basis is

y1 ( x)  x r a0  a1x  a2 x 2  ...  and

y2 ( x)  y1 ( x) ln x  x r A1 x  A2 x 2  ...  ( x  0)
Case : 3 Roots differing by an integer. A basis is

y1 ( x)  x r1 a0  a1 x  a2 x 2  ...  and

y2 ( x)  ky1 ( x) ln x  x r2 A1 x  A2 x 2  ... 
, where the roots are so denoted that
r1-r2>0 and may turn out to be zero.

CODE
clc
clear all
syms x a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 m c1 c2
y=a0*x^m+a1*x^(m+1)+a2*x^(m+2)+a3*x^(m+3)+a4*x^(m+4)
eq=x^2*diff(y,x,2)+x*diff(y,x,1)+x^2*y
eq1=collect(eq)
eq2=coeffs(simplify(eq1*x^(1-m)),x)
eq3=solve(eq2(1),m) % roots of indicial equation
a1=solve(eq2(2),a1)
a2=solve(eq2(3),a2)
a3=subs(solve(eq2(4),a3))
a4=subs(solve(eq2(5),a4))
ss=a0*x^m+a1*x^(m+1)+a2*x^(m+2)+a3*x^(m+3)+a4*x^(m+4)
Anant Devendra Saxena Experiment -7 17BEE0351

y1=subs(ss,m,eq3(1))
y2=subs(diff(ss,m),m,eq3(1))
gs=c1*y1+c2*y2
X = 0:0.1:20;
Y = zeros(5,numel(X));
J = zeros(5,numel(X));
Y0 = bessely(0,X);
J0=besselj(0,X);
subplot(1,2,1),plot(X,J0)
title('First kind')
xlabel('X')
ylabel('J_0(X)')
subplot(1,2,2),plot(X,Y0)
title('second kind')
xlabel('X')
ylabel('Y_0(X)')

OUTPUT :
Anant Devendra Saxena Experiment -7 17BEE0351

y=
a0*x^m + a1*x^(m + 1) + a2*x^(m + 2) + a3*x^(m + 3) + a4*x^(m + 4)
eq =
x^2*(a0*x^m + a1*x^(m + 1) + a2*x^(m + 2) + a3*x^(m + 3) + a4*x^(m + 4)) + x^2*(a0*m*x^(m -
2)*(m - 1) + a1*m*x^(m - 1)*(m + 1) + a2*x^m*(m + 1)*(m + 2) + a3*x^(m + 1)*(m + 2)*(m + 3) +
a4*x^(m + 2)*(m + 3)*(m + 4)) + x*(a2*x^(m + 1)*(m + 2) + a3*x^(m + 2)*(m + 3) + a4*x^(m + 3)*(m
+ 4) + a0*m*x^(m - 1) + a1*x^m*(m + 1))

eq1 =

(a0*x^m + a1*x^(m + 1) + a2*x^(m + 2) + a3*x^(m + 3) + a4*x^(m + 4) + a0*m*x^(m - 2)*(m - 1) +


a1*m*x^(m - 1)*(m + 1) + a2*x^m*(m + 1)*(m + 2) + a3*x^(m + 1)*(m + 2)*(m + 3) + a4*x^(m +
2)*(m + 3)*(m + 4))*x^2 + (a2*x^(m + 1)*(m + 2) + a3*x^(m + 2)*(m + 3) + a4*x^(m + 3)*(m + 4) +
a0*m*x^(m - 1) + a1*x^m*(m + 1))*x

eq2 =
[ a0*m^2, a1*m^2 + 2*a1*m + a1, a2*m^2 + 4*a2*m + a0 + 4*a2, a3*m^2 + 6*a3*m + a1 + 9*a3,
a4*m^2 + 8*a4*m + a2 + 16*a4, a3, a4]

eq3 =
0
0
a1 =
0
a2 =
-a0/(m^2 + 4*m + 4)
a3 =
0
a4 =
a0
((m^2 + 4*m + 4)*(m^2 + 8*m + 16))

ss =
a0*x^m - (a0*x^(m + 2))/(m^2 + 4*m + 4) + (a0*x^(m + 4))/((m^2 + 4*m + 4)*(m^2 + 8*m + 16))

y1 =
(a0*x^4)/64 - (a0*x^2)/4 + a0

y2 =
(a0*x^2)/4 - (3*a0*x^4)/128 + a0*log(x) - (a0*x^2*log(x))/4 + (a0*x^4*log(x))/64

gs =
c1*((a0*x^4)/64 - (a0*x^2)/4 + a0) + c2*((a0*x^2)/4 - (3*a0*x^4)/128 + a0*log(x) - (a0*x^2*log(x))/4
+ (a0*x^4*log(x))/64

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