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RC-RL and LC Filters

1) RC and RL circuits can be used as low-pass or high-pass filters depending on whether the resistor or capacitor/inductor dominates at different frequencies. 2) For low-pass RC and RL filters, the gain is approximately 1 at low frequencies and decreases at high frequencies. For high-pass, the gain is approximately 1 at high frequencies and decreases at low frequencies. 3) The cut-off frequency is the frequency where the gain is half the maximum value (a 3dB reduction in power gain).

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81 views9 pages

RC-RL and LC Filters

1) RC and RL circuits can be used as low-pass or high-pass filters depending on whether the resistor or capacitor/inductor dominates at different frequencies. 2) For low-pass RC and RL filters, the gain is approximately 1 at low frequencies and decreases at high frequencies. For high-pass, the gain is approximately 1 at high frequencies and decreases at low frequencies. 3) The cut-off frequency is the frequency where the gain is half the maximum value (a 3dB reduction in power gain).

Uploaded by

Najibul adib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RC-RL and LC

Filters
Low-pass RC network

At low frequencies, ω is small and the voltage gain is


approximately 1.
At high frequencies, the magnitude of ωCR becomes
more significant and the gain of the network decreases.

When the value of ωCR is equal to 1, this gives:

Since power gain is proportional to the square of the voltage gain, this is half of power gain
(or a fall of 3 dB) compared with the gain at high frequencies.
The frequency, in which the power gain half of the maximum value, is called cut-off
frequency of the circuit.
Low-pass RC network

Phasor diagrams of
the gain at different
frequencies.

Gain and phase responses


(or Bode diagram) for the
low-pass RC network.
High-pass RC network

At high frequencies, ω is large and the voltage


gain is approximately 1.
At lower frequencies 1/ωCR becomes more
significant and the gain of the network decreases.

The frequency where the value of 1/ωCR is equal to


1, the voltage gain amplitude is:

Since power gain is proportional to the square of the voltage gain, this is half of power gain
(or a fall of 3 dB) compared with the gain at high frequencies.
The frequency, in which the power gain half of the maximum value, is called cut-off
frequency of the circuit.
High-pass RC network

Phasor diagrams of
the gain at different
frequencies.

Gain and phase responses


(or Bode diagram) for the
high-pass RC network.
Low-pass RL network

At low frequencies, ω is small and the voltage gain is


approximately 1.
At high frequencies, the magnitude of ωL/R becomes
more significant and the gain of the network decreases.

When the value of ωL/R is equal to 1, this gives

This situation corresponds to a cut-off frequency.


High-pass RL network

At high frequencies, ω is large and the voltage gain is


approximately 1.
At low frequencies, the magnitude of R/ωL becomes
more significant and the gain of the network decreases.

When the value of R/ωL is equal to 1, this gives:

This situation corresponds to a cut-off frequency.


A comparison of
RC and RL networks.
RLC filters
The combination of inductors and capacitors
allows the production of filters with a very
sharp cut-off. Simple LC filters can be
produced using the series and parallel
resonant circuits.
Vo
Vi
1

1 2

1 0 2 
Phase
angle
 2
 4

 4
 2

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