Scribd
Upload
22 views

Outline: Review of Signals and Systems

The document discusses signals and systems. It defines key concepts like size, energy and power of signals. It also classifies signals as continuous-time and discrete-time, analog and digital, energy and power, deterministic and probabilistic. Some examples of calculations for signal energy and power are provided.

Uploaded by

M Usman Riaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views

Outline: Review of Signals and Systems

The document discusses signals and systems. It defines key concepts like size, energy and power of signals. It also classifies signals as continuous-time and discrete-time, analog and digital, energy and power, deterministic and probabilistic. Some examples of calculations for signal energy and power are provided.

Uploaded by

M Usman Riaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

10/6/2010

1 2

Outline
• Recap
• Signals & Systems

LECTURE 03 • Size of Signal


• Energy of signal
• Power of signal
Review of Signals and Systems
• Classification of signals
• Signal Operations

3 4

Recap Signal
• Communication System Block Diagram • A physical quantity that can carry information
• Information Message • E.g.
• Analog vs. Digital Communication • Telephone signal
• Television signal
• Communication Resources
• Performance Metrics for Communication Systems
• Data Rate Limits & Shannon’s Capacity

5 6

System Size of a Signal


• System is an entity that processes a set of signals(input) • Size of any entity is a number that indicates the largeness
to yield another set of signals(outputs). or strength of that entity.
• Modify the signal • In terms of signal, is it
• Extract information from signal • Amplitude
• May be physical or may be not. • Duration
• Physical system : electrical, mechanical etc • Or both

• Non-physical system : Algorithm

1
10/6/2010

7 8

Signal Energy Example 2.1


• Signal Energy ∞ Determine the suitable measures of the signals.
Eg =  g 2 t dt
−∞

9 10

Signal Power Observation


• Power of Signal • Calculate energy of the signal when
⇒   | |→∞
1 T/2 2
Pg = lim  g t dt
T→∞ T −T/2
• Calculate power of the signal when
 ⇏   | |→∞

• Finite Energy signal has zero power.


• Finite Power signal has infinite energy.
• Ramp signal don’t have power nor energy.
• Square root of Pg is rms value of g(t).

11 12

Example 2.2 Classification of Signals


• Determine the power and rms value • Continuous-time and discrete-time signals

 = " #$%&' + ) • Analog and digital signals


• Periodic and aperiodic signals
• Energy and power signals
• Deterministic and probabilistic signals

2
10/6/2010

13 14

Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time


Analog and Digital Signals
Signals
• Continuous-Time Signal • Analog Signal
• A signal that is specified for every value of time t. • A signal whose amplitude can take any value in a continuous
• Discrete-Time Signal range.
• A signal that is specified only at discrete values of t. • Digital Signal
• A signal whose amplitude can take only a finite number of values.
• Examples

Video camera Continuous


Monthly sales Discrete
Stock market daily Discrete
averages Continuous
Telephone

15 16

Difference between Continuous and


Example
Analog
• Continuous & Discrete qualify the nature of signal along time axis
(horizontal).
• Analog & Digital qualify the signal along amplitude axis. (vertical)

17 18

Energy and Power Signals Deterministic and Random Signals


• Energy Signal • Deterministic Signal
• A signal with finite energy is an energy signal. • A signal whose physical description is known completely in either a
• Power Signal mathematical form or a graphical form is a deterministic signal.
• A signal with finite power is a power signal. • Random Signal
• If a signal is known only in terms of probabilistic description, such
• Every signal generated in the lab is finite energy signal.
as mean value, mean squared value etc.

3
10/6/2010

19 20

Signal Operations Time Shifting


• Time Shifting
• Time Scaling
• Time Inversion (Time Reversal)

21 22

Time Scaling Time inversion

23 24

Summary Reading Assignment


• Calculate energy of signal when • Periodic and Aperiodic Signals
⇒   | |→∞ • Causal and Non-causal Signals
• Calculate power of signal when • Even and Odd Signals
 ⇏  | |→∞ • Unit Impulse Function
• Power of the signal of the form • Unit Step Function
 = " #$%& + )

is given by
"*
*

You might also like