Deck Design

Concrete Deck Design Step

Design Step 1 Obtain Design Criteria
Design Step 2 Select Trial Dimension
Design Step 3 Compute Dead Load Effects
Design Step 4 Compute Live Load Effects
Design Step 5 Compute Factored Positive and Negative Design Moments
Design Step 6 Design for Positive Flexure in Deck
Design Step 7 Design for Negative Flexure in Deck
Design Step 8 Design for Shear

Obtain Design criteria

This abutment and wingwall design is based on AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (through 2002 interims). 
The design methods presented are meant to be the most widely used in general bridge engineering practice. 
This covers the abutment backwall, stem, and footing design, using pile loads from Design Step P, Pile Foundation Design.
All applicable loads that apply to the abutment and wingwall are either taken from design software or calculated herein.

Material properties:
Concrete density (Wc) 2400 kg/m3 STable 3.5.1-5
Concrete 28-day compressive strength (Fc') 30 Mpa S5.4.2.1 & SC5.4.2.1 & STable C5.4.2.1-5
Reinforcement strength (R-Fy) 400 Mpa S5.4.7
Girder Yield Strength (S-Fy) 344.738 Mpa

Criteria
Girder spacing:  1500 mm
Number of girders: 6 ea
Span length: 26000 mm
Total deck thickness: 300 mm
Top deck cover thickness: 55 mm
Bottom deck cover thickness: 40 mm
Total overhang thickness: 350 mm
Effective overhang thickness: 300 mm
Additional misc. dead load (per girder): 0.0223 kg/m
Parapet weight (each): 0.538 kg/m3
Future wearing surface: 2.24 kg/m3 STable 3.5.1-5
Deck width: 9000 mm
Roadway width: 8000 mm

Permanent Load Transient Loads

CR = force effects due to creep BR = vehicular braking force
DD = downdrag force CE = vehicular centrifugal force
DC = dead load of structural components and CT = vehicular collision force
nonstructural attachments CV = vessel collision force
DW = dead load of wearing surfaces and utilities EQ = earthquake load
EH = horizontal earth pressure load FR = friction load
EL = miscellaneous locked-in force effects resulting IC = ice load
from the construction process, including jacking IM = vehicular dynamic load allowance
apart of cantilevers in segmental construction LL = vehicular live load
ES = earth surcharge load LS = live load surcharge
EV = vertical pressure from dead load of earth fill PL = pedestrian live load
PS = secondary forces from post-tensioning SE = force effect due to settlement
SH = force effects due to shrinkage TG = force effect due to temperature gradient
TU = force effect due to uniform temperature
WA = water load and stream pressure
WL = wind on live load
WS = wind load on structure
Load Combinations (AASHTO - LRFD)
Compute Dead Load Effects

L = 9m
P = 1291.2 kg
q (fws) = 597.3333 kg/m
q (DL) = 729.6 kg/m

P P
q

Diagram M for q load
M - = 0.28q
M + = 0.07q

Diagram M for P load
M - = 0.75P
M + = 0.13P

Maximum Negatif Moment

1.25 204.288 Deck Weight 255.36 kg.m/m
1.5 167.253 Surfacing 250.88 kg.m/m 1716.74 kg.m/m
1.25 968.4 Paraphet 1210.5 kg.m/m

Maximum Positive Moment

1.25 51.072 Deck Weight 63.84 kg.m/m
1.5 41.813 Surfacing 62.72 kg.m/m 336.38 kg.m/m
1.25 167.856 Paraphet 209.82 kg.m/m
Compute Live Load Effects

P P
P truck = 56855 kg

Diagram M for P load
M - = 0.11P
M + = 0.25P

Maximum Negatif Moment

1.75 6254 Truck Load 14227.96 kg.m/m (include dynamic allowance 33%)

Maximum Positive Moment

1.75 15351 Truck Load 26863.99 kg.m/m (include dynamic allowance 33%)

Design Negative Reinforcement

Moment = 156.4175 kNm/m
Use Trial Reinf. = 19 mm   -  n 7 As = 1983.695 mm2
Deck Thick = 300 mm
d = 235.5 mm
Inersia = 2250000000 mm4
Fr= 3.4473 Mpa
Mcr =  51.7095 kNm/m ->1.2 Mcr= 62.0514 kNm/m
Use Moment = 156.4175 kNm/m
Rn = 3.133727
m = 13.44538
2mRn/Fy 0.210671
r =  0.008297 OK As need = 1953.972 mm2
r bal = 0.032513
r min = 0.0035

Design Positive Reinforcement

Moment = 266.7951 kNm/m
Use Trial Reinf. = 19 mm   -  n 7 As = 1983.695 mm2
d1 = 230 3237.695
Metal Deck = As = 1254 mm2
d2 = 288
Deck Thick = 300 mm
d = 252.4641 mm
Inersia = 2250000000 mm4
Fr= 3.4473 Mpa
Mcr =  51.7095 kNm/m ->1.2 Mcr= 62.0514 kNm/m
Use Moment = 266.7951 kNm/m
Rn = 4.650889
m = 13.44538
2mRn/Fy 0.312665
r =  0.012714 OK As need = 3209.803 mm2
r bal = 0.032513
r min = 0.0035
 Abutment and Wingwall Design
Abutment Design Step
Design Step 1 Obtain Design Criteria
Design Step 2 Select Preliminary Abutment Dimensions
Design Step 3 Compute Dead Load Effects
Design Step 4 Compute Live Load Effects
Design Step 5 Compute Other Load Effects
Design Step 6 Analyze and Combine Force Effects
Design Step 7 Check Stability and Safety Requirements
Design Step 8 Design Abutment Backwall
Design Step 9 Design Abutment Stem
Design Step 10 Design Abutment Footing
Design Step 11 Draw Schematic of Final Abutment Design

Obtain Design criteria

This abutment and wingwall design is based on AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (through 2002 interims). 
The design methods presented are meant to be the most widely used in general bridge engineering practice. 
This covers the abutment backwall, stem, and footing design, using pile loads from Design Step P, Pile Foundation Design.
All applicable loads that apply to the abutment and wingwall are either taken from design software or calculated herein.

Material properties:
Concrete density (Wc) 2400 kg/m3 STable 3.5.1-5
Concrete 28-day compressive strength (Fc') 30 Mpa S5.4.2.1 & SC5.4.2.1 & STable C5.4.2.1-5
Reinforcement strength (Fy) 400 Mpa S5.4.7

Reinforcing steel cover requirements:

Backwall back cover: 65 mm STable 5.12.3-1
Stem back cover: 65 mm STable 5.12.3-1
Footing top cover: 50 mm STable 5.12.3-1
Footing bottom cover: 80 mm STable 5.12.3-1

Relevant superstructure data:

Girder spacing:  1500 mm
Number of girders: 5
Span length: 26000 mm
Parapet weight (each): Kg
Out-to-out deck width: 8.5 m

Compute Dead Load Effects

Concrete Weight 380690 kg
C.O.G From toe 2.63 m - Y
3.37 m - X

DL from Girders 5788.941 kg/m (reaction output)

DL from Deck 12663.29 kg/m (reaction output)
DL From Miscl. 29.79599 kg/m (reaction output)

DL Conc. Moment 150932.4 kg.m/m

DL Sup STR Moment 27723.05 kg.m/m
Soil Emb. Weight 102436.3 kg/m
C.O.G From toe 4.763 m-Y
5.792 m-X
DL Soil Moment 593311 kg.m/m

Compute Live and Other Load Effects

q 
Soil data
= 20.00 kN/m³
c= 1020.00 kg/m2
f= 30.00 degree
Ka = 0.333
m= 0.50 base fric.
Surch. = 2.50 kN/m²
 wH2
i= 0.00 degree
b= 0.00 degree
d= 15.00 degree
A= 0.40 Acc. Coeff.
Kh = 0.20 = A/2
Kv= 0.00
q= 11.31 degree
Y= 2.258
KAE = 0.452
K Dyn = 0.119

Moment
Abut. Dynamic forces Arm.   (m)
(kg.m)
Conc.Abt 8957.41 (kg) 2.63 23557.99
Embank 20487.26 (kg) 4.76 97580.81

Moment
Static Earth pressure Arm.   (m)
(kg.m)
Embank.1 4651.72 (kg) 6.16 28668.53
Embank 1-2 9549.85 (kg) 3.03 28945.59
Embank.2 4901.39 (kg) 2.40 11753.54
Water Pore 2404.13 (kg) 2.40 5765.11
Surcharge 636.94 (kg) 8.75 5571.27

Moment
Other Load Arm.   (m)
(kg.m)
Deck React. 17321.41 (kg) 1.68 29013.36
Brake 866.07 (kg) 6.275 5434.59
Truck Wind 320.18 (kg)
EQ 3688.19 (kg) 2.630 9699.94

Analyze and Combine Force Effects

Factors for Abutment Back Wall

Load Factors
Strength 1 Strength 5 Service 1
Loads γmax γmin γmax γmin γmax γmin
Dead Load 1.25 0.9 1.25 0.9 1 1
Deck Surface Coarse 1.5 0.65 1.5 0.65 1 1
Truck Live 1.75 1.75 1.35 1.35 1 1
Earth Horizontal 1.5 0.9 1.5 0.9 1 1
Surcharge 1.75 1.75 1.35 1.35 1 1
Strength 1 Calculation
Shear Force 1.5 3102.69 + 1.75 318.4676 = 5211.36 kg/m
Earth Force - Horizon Surcharge

Moment 1.75 14290.16 Truck Live

1.5 2456.30 Earth Horz 28970.9 kg.m/m
1.75 159.2338 Surcharge

Strength 5 Calculation
Shear Force 1.5 3102.695 + 1.35 318.4676 = 5083.973 kg/m
Earth Force - Horizon Surcharge

Moment 1.35 14290.16 Truck Live

1.5 2456.3 Earth Horz 23191.14 kg.m/m
1.35 159.2338 Surcharge

Service 1 Calculation
Shear Force 1 3102.695 + 1 318.4676 = 3421.162 kg/m
Earth Force - Horizon Surcharge

Moment 1 14290.16 Truck Live

1 2456.3 Earth Horz 16905.7 kg.m/m
1 159.2338 Surcharge

Factors for Abutment Stem

Load Factors
Strength 1 Strength 3 Strength 5 Service 1
Loads γmax γmin γmax γmin γmax γmin γmax γmin
Dead Load 1.25 0.9 1.25 0.9 1.25 0.9 1 1
Deck Surface Coarse 1.5 0.65 1.5 0.65 1.5 0.65 1 1
Truck Live 1.75 1.75 --- --- 1.35 1.35 1 1
Earth Horizontal 1.5 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.5 0.9 1 1
Surcharge 1.75 1.75 --- --- 1.35 1.35 1 1
Wind Load --- --- 1.4 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Strength 1 Calculation
Shear Force 1.5 21507.09 + 1.75 636.94 = 33375.27 kg/m
Earth Force - Horizon Surcharge

Moment 1.75 14290.16 Truck Live

1.5 50782.56 Earth Horz
1.75 2419.08 Surcharge 125537.3 kg.m/m 1231.521
1.25 16097.85 Dead Load

Strength 5 Calculation
Shear Force 1.5 21507.09 + 1.35 636.94 = 33120.5 kg/m
Earth Force - Horizon Surcharge

Moment 1.35 49476.09 Truck Live

1.5 61272.62 Earth Horz
 1.35 3602.28 Surcharge 198991.8 kg.m/m
1.25 28341.65 Dead Load

Service 1 Calculation
Shear Force 1 21507.09 + 1 636.94 = 22144.03 kg/m
Earth Force - Horizon Surcharge

Moment 1 49476.09 Truck Live

1 61272.62 Earth Horz
1 3602.28 Surcharge 142692.6 kg.m/m
1 28341.65 Dead Load

Design Wall and Stem Reinforcement

Backwall
Moment = 284.2045 kNm/m
Use Trial Reinf. = 22 mm   -  n 7 As = 2659.58 mm2
Backwall Thick = 400 mm
d = 317 mm
Inersia = 5333333333 mm4
Fr= 3.4473 Mpa
Mcr =  91.928 kNm/m ->1.2 Mcr= 110.3136 kNm/m
1.33 M. Max = 377.992 kNm/m
Use Moment = 284.2045 kNm/m
Rn = 3.142461
m = 15.68627
2mRn/Fy 0.246468
r =  0.008411 OK As need = 2666.292 mm2
r bal = 0.032513
r min = 0.0035

Backwall - Shear Reinforcement

= = 41.7189 mm
0.85
d = 317 mm
d - 0.5a= 296.1405 mm
0.9 d = 285.3 mm
0.72 h = 0 mm

dv =  296.1405 mm

= 0.0632 = 27444.52 kg/m OK

= 0.25 = 226407.1 kg/m

> 0.0015. = 600 mm2 Use = 5 D 13

Stem - Moment Reinforcement

Moment = 1952.11 kNm/m
Use 1st Layer Reinf. = 22 mm   -  n 7 As = 2659.58 mm2
d1 = 1147 mm 5319.16 mm2
Use 2nd Layer Reinf. = 22 mm   -  n 7 As = 2659.58 mm2
d2 = 1025 mm
Backwall Thick = 1250 mm
d' = 1086 mm
Inersia = 1.6276E+11 mm4
Fr= 3.4473 Mpa
Mcr =  897.7344 kNm/m ->1.2 Mcr= 1077.281 kNm/m
1.33 M. Max = 2596.306 kNm/m
Use Moment = 1952.11 kNm/m
Rn = 1.839086
m = 15.68627
2mRn/Fy 0.144242
r =  0.004777 OK As need = 5187.462 mm2
r bal = 0.032513
r min = 0.0035

Stem - Shear Reinforcement

= = 83.4378 mm
0.85
d = 1086 mm
d - 0.5a= 1044.281 mm
0.9 d = 977.4 mm
0.72 h = 900 mm

dv =  1044.281 mm

= 0.0632 = 96777.67 kg/m OK

= 0.25 = 798380 kg/m

> 0.0015. = 1875 mm2 Use = 5 D 22

Design Abutment Footing

P piles = 110000 kg
M-toe = 38590.59 kg.m/m

Footings - Moment Reinforcement

Moment = 378.5737 kNm/m
Use Reinf. = 22 mm   -  n 7 As = 2659.58 mm2
Footings Thick = 1200 mm
d' = 1167 mm
Inersia = 1.44E+11 mm4
Fr= 3.4473 Mpa
Mcr =  827.352 kNm/m ->1.2 Mcr= 992.8224 kNm/m
1.33 M. Max = 503.503 kNm/m
Use Moment = 992.8224 kNm/m
Rn = 0.810004
m = 15.68627
2mRn/Fy 0.06353
r =  0.002058 OK As need = 2401.963 mm2
r bal = 0.032513
r min = 0.0035

Footings - Shear Reinforcement

V-toe = 77647.06 kg/m

= = 41.7189 mm
0.85
d = 1200 mm
d - 0.5a= 1179.141 mm
0.9 d = 1080 mm
0.72 h = 864 mm
 dv =  1179.141 mm

= 0.0632 = 109275.6 kg/m OK

= 0.25 = 901483.6 kg/m

> 0.0015. = 1800 mm2 Use = 5 D 22

Design Corbel Reinforcement

Comb. Use 1.25 8201 kg V.u = 614.6014 kN
1.25 15494 kg N.u = 122.9203 kN (0.2 Vu)
1.75 15283 kg a = 0.51 m
1.25 5029.2 kg

Kontrol
bw 1500 mm (space between girders)
a
d 1200 mm
h 1250 mm Vu As (tulangan utama)
Nuc
Vn.1 = 10800 kN (0.2 Fc bw d)
Vn.2 = 9900 kN (0.5 bw d)

Mu = 319.5927 kN.m 2

d
h 3
Avf = 1097.503 mm2 (Vu/1.4fy) d
Af = 1044.421 mm2
An = 409.7343 mm2
Ah
As1 = 1141.403 mm2
As2 = 1454.155 mm2
Framing Reinforce
Ah1 = 522.2103 mm2
Ah2 = 365.8342 mm2

For As will use = 4 D 22 As = 1519.76 mm2

For Ah will use = 4 D 13 Ah = 530.66 mm2
 Pier Design
Abutment Design Step
Design Step 1 Obtain Design Criteria
Design Step 2 Select Preliminary Pier Dimensions
Design Step 3 Compute Dead Load Effects
Design Step 4 Compute Live and Others Load Effects
Design Step 5 Analyze and Combine Force Effects
Design Step 6 Design Pier Cap
Design Step 7 Design Pier Column
Design Step 8 Design Pier Footings

Obtain Design criteria

This abutment and wingwall design is based on AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (through 2002 interims). 
The design methods presented are meant to be the most widely used in general bridge engineering practice. 
This covers the abutment backwall, stem, and footing design, using pile loads from Design Step P, Pile Foundation Design.
All applicable loads that apply to the abutment and wingwall are either taken from design software or calculated herein.

Material properties:
Concrete density (Wc) 2400 kg/m3 STable 3.5.1-5
Concrete 28-day compressive strength (Fc') 30 Mpa S5.4.2.1 & SC5.4.2.1 & STable C5.4.2.1-5
Reinforcement strength (Fy) 400 Mpa S5.4.7
Steel Modulus 200000 Mpa

Reinforcing steel cover requirements:

Backwall back cover: 65 mm STable 5.12.3-1
Stem back cover: 65 mm STable 5.12.3-1
Footing top cover: 50 mm STable 5.12.3-1
Footing bottom cover: 80 mm STable 5.12.3-1

Relevant superstructure data:

Girder spacing:  1500 mm
Number of girders: 5
Out-to-out deck width: 8.5 m

Select Preliminary Pier Dimensions

Pa Pb
Compute Dead Load Effects
Concrete Weight 368169 kg Arm Length 0m
Conc. Cantilever 21276 kg Arm Length 1.027 m
DL from Girders 26 49206 kg Arm Length 0.7142 m
DL from Girders 24 38076 kg Arm Length -0.7142 m
DL from 1 Girders 14547 kg Arm Length 0.755 m

DL from Deck 26 107638 kg Arm Length 0.7142 m

DL from Deck 24 99430 kg Arm Length -0.7142 m
DL from 1 Deck 40776 kg Arm Length 0.755 m

DL Conc. Moment 0 kg.m
DL Girders Moment 7949.046 kg.m At Column
DL Deck Moment 5862.154 kg.m
Cantilever Part
DL Conc. Moment 21850.45 kg.m
DL Girders Moment 10982.99 kg.m At Cantilever Part
DL Deck Moment 30785.88 kg.m

Compute Live and Other Load Effects

LL from Truck at Pb 73616 kg Arm Length 0.7142 m
LL from 1 Rect. Truck 15283 kg Arm Length 0.755 m
Water Pressure 3600 kg Arm Length 1m

LL Truck Moment 52576.55 kg.m At Column

Water Moment 3600 kg.m

LL Truck Moment 11538.67 kg.m At Cantilever Part

Analyze and Combine Force Effects

Factors for Pier Column Load
Load Factors
Strength 1 Strength 5 Service 1
Loads γmax γmin γmax γmin γmax γmin
Dead Load 1.25 0.9 1.25 0.9 1 1
Truck Live 1.75 1.75 1.35 1.35 1 1
Water Pressure 1.5 0.9 1.5 0.9 1 1

Strength 1 Calculation
Shear Force 1.25 3600.00 + 1.75 0 = 4500 kg/m
Water Pressure

Moment Y 1.75 33495.28 Truck Live

1.25 77970.13 Dead Load 156079.4 kg.m

Moment X 1.75 52576.55 Truck Live

1.25 -37357.66 Dead Load 45311.88 kg.m

Axial Force 1.25 158332.70 + 1.75 73616 = 326743.9 kg

Dead Load Truck

Shear Force 1 3600.00 + 1 0 = 3600 kg

Factors for Pier Cantilever Part
Load Factors
Strength 1 Strength 5 Service 1
Loads γmax γmin γmax γmin γmax γmin
Dead Load 1.25 0.9 1.25 0.9 1 1
Truck Live 1.75 1.75 1.35 1.35 1 1

Strength 1 Calculation
Shear Force 1.25 76599.00 + 1.75 15283.00 = 122494 kg/m
Dead Load Truck Live

Moment 1.75 11538.67 Truck Live

1.25 63619.32 Dead Load 99716.81 kg.m

Service 1 Calculation
Shear Force 1 76599.00 + 1 15283.00 = 91882 kg/m
Dead Load Truck Live Load

Moment 1 11538.67 Truck Live

1 63619.32 Dead Load 75157.98 kg.m

Cantilever Reinforcement
Moment = 978.2219 kN.m
Use 1st Layer Reinf. = 22 mm   -  n 5 As = 1899.7 mm2
d1 = 1485 mm 3799.4 mm2
Use 2nd Layer Reinf. = 22 mm   -  n 5 As = 1899.7 mm2
d2 = 1182 mm
Cantilever Beam Height = 1600 mm
d= 1333.5 mm
Inersia = 3.41333E+11 mm4
Fr = 3.4473 Mpa
Mcr =  1470.848 kNm/m ->1.2 Mcr= 1765.018 kNm/m
1.33 M. Max = 1301.035 kNm/m
Use Moment = 1765.018 kNm/m
Rn = 1.103
m = 15.686
2mRn/Fy 0.0865
r =  0.00282 OK As need = 3759.804 mm2
r bal = 0.032513
r min = 0.0035

= = 24.83268 mm
0.85
d = 1333.5 mm
d - 0.5a= 1321.084 mm
0.9 d = 1200.15 mm
0.72 h = 1152 mm

dv =  1321.084 mm

= 0.0632 = 146916.1 kg OK

= 0.25 = 1212003 kg

Column Reinforcement
Moment Y = 1531.139 kN.m
Moment X = 444.5096 kN.m
Axial = 3205.357 kN

Clear height of column 3.6 m
Smaller dim. of column 1.2 m
Larger Dim. of column 2.4 m
End Condition 1
b 1.1
Coefficient of effective cover 0.1
Effective Cover to reinforcement 0.12 m
Effective height 3.96 m
Le/Ll 3.3 Short column
Cr 1 Reduction factor due to selenderness

Min. Eccentricities
Min. Eccentricity (largest dim) 0.020 Min. Eccentric moment 64.1071 kN
Min. Eccentricity (least dim) 0.020 Min. Eccentric moment 64.1071 kN

Data for design curve

Max. strain in steel 0.00174
Percentage of steel 1%
p (%)/fcu 0.03333

Case-1 When eccentricity is less than e min

Design Tensile Strength of Steel 348 N/mm2
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.4848733
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.0242437

Case-2 When neutral axis lies outside the section

Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre (k) 1.1
Coefficient for area of stress block(k1) 0.3845
a 9.6913
Coefficient of Distance of CG of force of compression from extreme fibre (k2) 0.4428
Area of stress block(A) 27681.71 mm2
Percentage of steel 1%

Max. strain at the highly compressed fibre 0.003277
Strain at top level 0.002979
Stress in top steel 348 Mpa
Strain at Bottom level 0.000596
Stress in Bottom steel 119.1489 Mpa
Stress in top Concrete 13.38 Mpa
Stress in bottom concrete 3.6887 Mpa
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.45948
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.036586

Case-3 When neutral axis lies inside the section

1) Tenssile stress is 0 (neutral axis passes through the bottom steel)
Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 0.9
Percentage of steel 1%
Strain at top level 0.0031111
Stress in top steel 348
Stress in top Concrete 13.38
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.37977
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.06300

2) Tenssile stress some percentage of design stress of steel

Coefficient of tensile stress 0.4
Percentage of steel 1%
Stress in tensile steel 139.2 N/mm2
Strain in tensile steel 0.000696
Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 0.750715
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.3028274
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.083208

3) First Yield Point(Tensile stress = 0.87fy, Tensile strain = 0.87fy/Es)

Percentage of steel 1%
Stress in tensile steel 348 N/mm2
Strain in tensile steel 0.00174
Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 0.601145

Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.214182
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.099595

4) Final Yield Point(Tensile stress = 0.87fy, Tensile strain = 0.87fy/Es + 0.002)

Percentage of steel 1%
Stress in tensile steel 348 N/mm2
Strain in tensile steel 0.00374
Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 0.435083

Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.15440
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.095474

5) Depth of neutral axis in kD

Percentage of steel 1%
Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 0.25
Strain in top steel 0.0021
Stress in top steel 348

Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.08777
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.081148

6) When axial force is 0, steel beam

Percentage of steel 1%

Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.0464

P/Fc M/Fc Diagram Interaksi

0.000 0.046 0.600
0.154 0.095
0.214 0.100 0.500
0.303 0.083
0.400
0.380 0.063
0.459 0.037 0.300
0.485 0.024
0.200

0.100

0.000
0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120
Design
Percentage of reinforcement 1%
p (%)/fc 0.0333333
Pu/(fc*b*d) 0.037099
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) ( from table) 0.0581914

Moment carrying capacity about Shorter dimension 12066.57 kN.m

Moment carrying capacity about Larger dimension 6033.284 kN.m

Mx/Mux 0.036838
My/Muy 0.253782

Design Load 47520 KN
P/Puz 0.067453
Alpha 1
Check for biaxial bending 0.29062 Design is OK
Use Reinforcement
44 D 22 As = 16717.36 mm2
44 D 19 As = 12468.94 mm2
29186.3 mm2 1.01% Reinforcement OK

Design Pier Footing

Footings - Moment Reinforcement
Moment = 637.9745 kNm/m (calculate for 1m width)
Use Reinf. = 22 mm   -  n 7 As = 2659.58 mm2
Footings Thick = 1200 mm
d' = 1167 mm
Inersia = 1.44E+11 mm4
Fr= 3.4473 Mpa
Mcr =  827.352 kNm/m ->1.2 Mcr= 992.8224 kNm/m
1.33 M. Max = 848.5061 kNm/m
Use Moment = 992.8224 kNm/m
Rn = 0.810004
m = 15.68627
2mRn/Fy 0.06353
r =  0.002058 OK As need = 2401.963 mm2
r bal = 0.032513
r min = 0.0035

Footings - Shear Reinforcement

V-toe = 4500 kg/m

= = 41.7189 mm
0.85
d = 1200 mm
d - 0.5a= 1179.141 mm
0.9 d = 1080 mm
0.72 h = 864 mm

dv =  1179.141 mm

= 0.0632 = 109275.6 kg/m OK

= 0.25 = 901483.6 kg/m

> 0.0015. = 1800 mm2 Use = 7 D 22

 Pile Design
Pile Design Step
Design Step 1 Define Subsurface Conditions and Any Geometric Constraints
Design Step 2 Determine Applicable Loads and Load Combinations
Design Step 3 Determine Factored Axial Structural and Geotechnical Resistance for Single Pile
Design Step 4 Determine Nominal Axial Structural and Geotechnical Resistance for Single Pile
Design Step 5 Evaluate Pile Head Fixity
Design Step 6 Perform Pile Soil Interaction Analysis

Define Subsurface Conditions and Any Geometric Constraints

This task involves determining the location and extent of soil and rock materials beneath the proposed abutment

Determine Applicable Loads and Load Combinations

Comb SERVICE 1 - Tabel 3.4.1 AASHTO-LRFD

Dead Load 156844 kg Factor 1 Arm Dist. 2.517 m
Truck Live Load 147232 kg Factor 1.75 Arm Dist. 2.517 m
Earth Pressure 14201.56 kg Factor 1 Arm Dist. 4.876 m
Surcharge Load 636.94 kg Factor 1 Arm Dist. 4.876 m
Embankment Weight 819490.3 kg Factor 1 Arm Dist. -1.454 m
Water Pressure 1620 kg Factor 1.75 Arm Dist. 2.1 m
Abutment Weight 380690 kg Factor 1 Arm Dist. 0.963 m

P all = 1614680 kg
Deck, Truck, Girder ∑My = 296668.1 kg.m
∑Mx = 0 (balanced force - right and left)

Embank. Weight Note :

Dead Load = Sum of Conc.Deck and Girder Weight
Surcharge Embankment 1

Abutment

Water Pressure

Embankment 2
Determine Factored Axial Structural and Geotechnical Resistance for Single Pile

Applied Layout
m= 5 pile row
n= 4 pile column

x y x2 y2 P Mx My Total
(m) (m) (kg) (kg.m) (kg.m) (kg)
1 -3.7874 3.7 14.3444 13.69 80734.02 0.0 -1250.3 79483.7
2 -1.6374 3.7 2.681079 13.69 80734.02 0.0 -540.5 80193.5
3 1.2626 3.7 1.594159 13.69 80734.02 0.0 416.8 81150.8
4 4.1626 3.7 17.32724 13.69 80734.02 0.0 1374.2 82108.2
5 -3.7874 1.85 14.3444 3.4225 80734.02 0.0 -1250.3 79483.7
6 -1.6374 1.85 2.681079 3.4225 80734.02 0.0 -540.5 80193.5
7 1.2626 1.85 1.594159 3.4225 80734.02 0.0 416.8 81150.8
8 4.1626 1.85 17.32724 3.4225 80734.02 0.0 1374.2 82108.2
9 -3.7874 0 14.3444 0 80734.02 0.0 -1250.3 79483.7
10 -1.6374 0 2.681079 0 80734.02 0.0 -540.5 80193.5
11 1.2626 0 1.594159 0 80734.02 0.0 416.8 81150.8
12 4.1626 0 17.32724 0 80734.02 0.0 1374.2 82108.2
13 -3.7874 -1.85 14.3444 3.4225 80734.02 0.0 -1250.3 79483.7
14 -1.6374 -1.85 2.681079 3.4225 80734.02 0.0 -540.5 80193.5
15 1.2626 -1.85 1.594159 3.4225 80734.02 0.0 416.8 81150.8
16 4.1626 -1.85 17.32724 3.4225 80734.02 0.0 1374.2 82108.2
17 -3.7874 -3.7 14.3444 13.69 80734.02 0.0 -1250.3 79483.7
18 -1.6374 -3.7 2.681079 13.69 80734.02 0.0 -540.5 80193.5
19 1.2626 -3.7 1.594159 13.69 80734.02 0.0 416.8 81150.8
20 4.1626 -3.7 17.32724 13.69 80734.02 0.0 1374.2 82108.2
179.7344 136.9

Determine Factored Axial Structural and Geotechnical Resistance for Single Pile

Steel Pipe D609mm ; t=14mm

Ap = 0.02617 m2 = + ; ℎ
3 2

Qp N As Qs Qult
0 1.0468 1 0 0 13.95733
9.6 12.5616 12 5.928006 14.22721 35.02827 REPORT OF BOREHOLE
11.5 10.468 10 3.633294 7.266588 52.6189 SGDT-BIN56-17-03
13.7 35.5912 34 4.206972 28.60741 80.87994
15.4 41.872 40 3.250842 26.00674 107.8406
16.8 41.872 40 2.677164 21.41731 132.5066
18.4 41.872 40 3.059616 24.47693 158.7024
19.9 41.872 40 2.86839 22.94712 184.1333
21.4 41.872 40 2.86839 22.94712 209.5642
22.9 41.872 40 2.86839 22.94712 234.9951 --> OK
Determine Applicable Loads and Load Combinations

Comb SERVICE 1 - Tabel 3.4.1 AASHTO-LRFD

Dead Load A 156844 kg Factor 1 Arm Dist. 0.7142 m
Dead Load B 137506 kg Factor 1 Arm Dist. -0.7142 m
Truck Live Load 147232 kg Factor 1.75 Arm Dist. 0.7142 m
Water Pressure 4500 kg Factor 1.75 Arm Dist. 1.1 m
Pier Weight 365511 kg Factor 1 Arm Dist. 0 m

P all = 917517 kg
∑My = 197829.1 kg.m
∑Mx = 8662.5 kg.m

Note :
Dead Load = Sum of Conc.Deck and Girder Weight

Determine Factored Axial Structural and Geotechnical Resistance for Single Pile

Applied Layout
m= 4 pile row
n= 4 pile column

x y x2 y2 P Mx My Total
(m) (m) (kg) (kg.m) (kg.m) (kg)
1 -3.7 3.7 13.69 13.69 57344.81 65.9 -1435.0 55975.7
2 -1.5 3.7 2.25 13.69 57344.81 65.9 -581.8 56828.9
3 1.5 3.7 2.25 13.69 57344.81 65.9 581.8 57992.4
4 3.7 3.7 13.69 13.69 57344.81 65.9 1435.0 58845.7
5 -3.7 1.233 13.69 1.5203 57344.81 21.9 -1435.0 55931.8
6 -1.5 1.233 2.25 1.5203 57344.81 21.9 -581.8 56785.0
7 1.5 1.233 2.25 1.5203 57344.81 21.9 581.8 57948.5
8 3.7 1.233 13.69 1.5203 57344.81 21.9 1435.0 58801.8
9 -3.7 -1.233 13.69 1.5203 57344.81 -21.9 -1435.0 55887.9
10 -1.5 -1.233 2.25 1.5203 57344.81 -21.9 -581.8 56741.1
11 1.5 -1.233 2.25 1.5203 57344.81 -21.9 581.8 57904.6
12 3.7 -1.233 13.69 1.5203 57344.81 -21.9 1435.0 58757.9
13 -3.7 -3.7 13.69 13.69 57344.81 -65.9 -1435.0 55844.0
14 -1.5 -3.7 2.25 13.69 57344.81 -65.9 -581.8 56697.2
15 1.5 -3.7 2.25 13.69 57344.81 -65.9 581.8 57860.7
16 3.7 -3.7 13.69 13.69 57344.81 -65.9 1435.0 58714.0
127.52 121.6823
Determine Factored Axial Structural and Geotechnical Resistance for Single Pile

Steel Pipe D609mm ; t=14mm

Ap = 0.02617 m2 = + ; ℎ
3 2

Qp N As Qs Qult
0 1.0468 1 0 0 13.95733
1.65 2.0936 2 3.155229 1.262092 14.58838 REPORT OF BOREHOLE
3.2 7.3276 7 2.964003 4.149604 30.62051 SGDT-BIN7-17-09
6.2 4.1872 4 5.73678 4.589424 46.87256
9.2 34.5444 33 5.73678 37.86275 79.76127
10.6 12.5616 12 2.677164 6.425194 96.9312
12.1 41.872 40 2.86839 22.94712 122.3621
13.6 41.872 40 2.86839 22.94712 147.793
15.1 41.872 40 2.86839 22.94712 173.2239
18 41.872 40 5.545554 44.36443 209.3634 --> OK