Taller 1
Taller 1
Taller 1
Problema 1. Suppose you have two small ”point” objects separated by a distance of 1 cm.
Each object has a diameter of 1 × 10−3 cm. One object has an excess of 3 × 1010 electrons
and the other has an excess of 2 × 1010 electrons on it. What is the electrostatic force that
they exert on each other? One coulomb is approximately equivalent to 6 × 1018 electrons; it
is a very large unit of charge because one electron charge e = −1,6019 × 10−19 C.
R/. La fuerza eléctrica entre dos cargas viene dada por la ley de Coulomb:
→
− q0 q1 −
F =K 2 → r (1)
r
Donde:
→
−
F es la fuerza eléctrica, K es la constante de proporcionalidad.
q0 = −4,8057 × 10−9 C
q1 = (−1,6019 × 10−19 C)(2 × 1010 )
q1 = −3,2038 × 10−9 C
Entonces tenemos ya la información suficiente para encontrar la magnitud de la fuerza entre
q0 y q1 :
(−4,8057 × 10−9 )(−3,2038 × 10−9 )
kF k = 9 × 109
0,012
kF k = 1,38 × 10− 3 N
1
Problema 2. Coulomb’s law for two point charges. A point charge, q1 = 2,00 µC is placed
0,500 m from another point charge q2 = −5,00 µC. Calculate the magnitude and direction
of the force on each charge.
R/. Nuevamente haremos uso de la ecuación (1), para este caso contamos con cargas
q1 = 2,00 × 10−6 C y q2 = −5 × 10−6 C y una distancia r = 0,500 m, para conocer la
magnitud de la fuerza aplicaremos valor absoluto al producto de las cargas:
kF k = 0,36 N
Problema 3. Consider the 3 ”point” objects shown in the figure 2. The object at the origin
(qA) has a net charge of +2q where q is some amount of positive charge. An object (qB) is
located on the y-axis at (0, a) that has a net charge of −q, where a is some unit of distance.
A third object (qC) is located on the x-axis at (2a, 0) that has a net charge of 3q. a) If the
three charges are fixed in the configuration shown in the figure, what is the net electrostatic
force that the object at the origin feels due to the other two? Express your answer in terms
of q, a and k.
2
→
− −2kq 2
F AB = (0, −1)
a2
→
− 2kq 2
F AB = 2 (0, 1)
a
→
− (2q)(3q)
F AC = k (−1, 0)
(2a)2
→
− 3kq 2
F AC = (−1, 0)
2a2
Si hacemos el producto punto de ambos vectores:
2kq 2 3kq 2
(0, ) · ( , 0) = 0
a2 2a2
Por lo tanto son perpendiculares como se ve en la figura 3 y ya que los vectores forman
un triangulo rectángulo podemos encontrar la magnitud de la fuerza resultante sobre qA
mediante trigonometrı́a:
3
r
25k 2 q 4
kFR k =
4a4
5kq 2
kFR k =
2a2
Ahora para conocer la dirección tenemos que encontrar el angulo entre la fuerza resultante
y el eje vertical y sumarle 90◦ para tener el angulo con respecto al eje horizontal:
|FAC |
α = tan−1 ( ) + 90◦
|FAB |
3kq 2
−1 2a2
α = tan ( 2kq 2
) + 90◦
a2
3
α = tan−1 ( 2 ) + 90◦
2
3
α = tan−1 ( ) + 90◦
4
α = 36,87 + 90◦
◦
α = 126,87◦
5kq 2
Por lo tanto la fuerza que experimenta qA debido a qB y qC tiene magnitud 2a2
y dirección
126,87◦
Referencias
[1] https://es.khanacademy.org/science/electrical-engineering/ee-electrostatics/ee-electric-
force-and-electric-field/a/ee-electric-force