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Types of Operating Systems

An operating system manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services to programs. There are different types of operating systems classified based on graphical user interface vs command line, time-based systems like real-time OS, user-based systems like single-user and multi-user, task-based systems like multi-tasking, distributed systems, and embedded/mobile systems. Real-time OS are used for time-critical applications like air traffic control. Single and multi-user systems differ in their ability to support multiple simultaneous users.

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188 views

Types of Operating Systems

An operating system manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services to programs. There are different types of operating systems classified based on graphical user interface vs command line, time-based systems like real-time OS, user-based systems like single-user and multi-user, task-based systems like multi-tasking, distributed systems, and embedded/mobile systems. Real-time OS are used for time-critical applications like air traffic control. Single and multi-user systems differ in their ability to support multiple simultaneous users.

Uploaded by

Mebiratu Beyene
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OPERATING SYSTEMS

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer


hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

Types of operating system

Generally, we classify operating system based graphical user interface and command line
operating system. We can divide GUI (graphical user interface) operating system based on time,
processing, network, embed and application.

Based on time

1. Real-time operating systems (RTOS)

Based on user application

1. Single-user operating system

2. Multi-user operating systems

3. Multi-Tasking operating system

4. Distributed Operating System.

Command line operating system

1. Batch operating System

Based on processing

1. serial Processing:

2. parallel operating system

Based on embed

1.Embedded operating system

2. Mobile Operating System


1. Real Time Operating Systems:

Real-time operating systems (RTOS) are used to control machinery, scientific instruments, and
industrial systems. In general, the user does not have much control over the functions performed
by RTOS. System is nothing but group of peripherals connected to each other to process the
input data and give output. System which is time dependent that is to process the input data and
give output in given time, such systems are called real time systems.

Example

 Windows CE
 OS-9
 Symbian
 LynxOS

Real time system is divided into two systems

1. Hard Real Time Systems.


2. Soft Real Time Systems.

 Hard Real Time Systems


• A hard real-time system has time-critical deadlines that must be met; otherwise a
catastrophic system failure can occur.

• Absolutely, positively, first time every time

• Requires formal verification/guarantees of being to always meet its hard deadlines


(except for fatal errors).

• Examples:

– air traffic control

– vehicle subsystems control

– Nuclear power plant control

 Soft Real Time System:


• In a soft real-time system, it is considered undesirable, but not catastrophic, if deadlines
are occasionally missed.

• Also known as “best effort” systems

• Most modern operating systems can serve as the base for a soft real time systems.

• Examples:
– multimedia transmission and reception,
– networking, telecom (cellular) networks,
– web sites and services
– computer games
– personal computer
– audio and video systems, etc.

2. Single-user operating system

TWO TYPES:

 Single user, single task


 Single user, multi tasking

Single-user, single-task operating systems

 Designed to manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time.

Example:

 Windows 95
 Windows 2000,
 Mac OS
 Palm OS

Single-user, multi-tasking operating systems

Single-user, multi-tasking operating systems allow a single user to simultaneously run


multiple applications on their computer. This is the type of operating system found on
most personal desktop and laptop computers. Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, and Linux
are three well-known examples of this type of system.
 Designed with a single user in mind but can deal with many applications running at the
same time
 Type of operating system most people use on their desktop and laptop computers today

Example operating systems are:

 Windows
 Linux
 Mac OS X

3. Multi-user operating systems


 Allows many different users to take advantage of the computer's resources
simultaneously
 Allows multiple users to access the computer system at the same time
 Time Sharing system and Internet servers as the multi user systems

Examples operating systems are:

 UNIX
 VMS and
 Mainframe Operating systems

4. MULTI TASKING operating system

 Allows more than one program to run concurrently.


 The tasks share common processing resources, such as a CPU and main memory
 In the process, only one CPU is involved, but it switches from one program to
another so quickly that it gives the appearance of executing all the programs at the
same time.

Examples

 Linux
 All of the BSDs
 Solaris
 MS-Windows (ever since Windows/ME, including Windows/NT)
 Mac OS X
 VAX/VMS, OpenVMS

5. Simple Batch System

 In this type of system, there is no direct interaction between user and the computer.
 The user has to submit a job (written on cards or tape) to a computer operator.
 Then computer operator places a batch of several jobs on an input device.
 Jobs are batched together by type of languages and requirement.
 Then a special program, the monitor, manages the execution of each program in the
batch.
 The monitor is always in the main memory and available for execution.

Following are some disadvantages of this type of system:

1. Zero interaction between user and computer.


2. No mechanism to prioritize processes.

Examples

 DOS (disk operating system)


 MVS

6. Serial Processing

The Serial Processing Operating Systems are those which Performs all the instructions into a
Sequence Manner or the Instructions those are given by the user will be executed by using the
FIFO Manner means First in First Out. All the Instructions those are Entered First in the
System will be Executed First and the Instructions those are Entered Later Will be Executed
Later. For Running the Instructions the Program Counter is used which is used for
Executing all the Instructions.

7. Parallel operating systems

Parallel operating system are used to interface multiple networked computers to complete tasks
in parallel. The architecture of the software is often a UNIX-based platform, which allows it to
coordinate distributed loads between multiple computers in a network. Parallel operating systems
are able to use software to manage all of the different resources of the computers running in
parallel, such as memory, caches, storage space, and processing power. Parallel operating
systems also allow a user to directly interface with all of the computers in the network.

A parallel operating system works by dividing sets of calculations into smaller parts and
distributing them between the machines on a network. To facilitate communication between the
processor cores and memory arrays, routing software has to either share its memory by assigning
the same address space to all of the networked computers, or distribute its memory by assigning
a different address space to each processing core.

Sharing memory allows the operating system to run very quickly, but it is usually not as
powerful. When using distributed shared memory, processors have access to both their own local
memory and the memory of other processors; this distribution may slow the operating system,
but it is often more flexible and efficient.

8. Distributed Operating System

Distributed Means Data is Stored and Processed on Multiple Locations. When a Data is stored
on to the Multiple Computers, those are placed in Different Locations. Distributed means In the
Network, Network Collections of Computers are connected with Each other.

Examples

 Windows 2003 + application server(IIS&PWS)


 Ubuntu
 Linux (apache server)

9. Embedded operating system

Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems. They are
designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate
with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design.
Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating systems

Examples

 Embedded Linux
 Blackberry
 iOS

10. Mobile Operating System


Though not a functionally distinct kind of operating system, mobile OS is definitely an important
mention in the list of operating system types. A mobile OS controls a mobile device and its
design supports wireless communication and mobile applications. It has built-in support for
mobile multimedia formats. Tablet PCs and smartphones run on mobile operating systems.

Examples:

 Android mobile operating system


 Bada (Samsung Electronics) ...
 BlackBerry OS (Research In Motion) ...
 iPhone OS / iOS (Apple) ...
 MeeGo OS (Nokia and Intel) ...
 Palm OS (Garnet OS) ...
 Symbian OS (Nokia) ..
 webOS (Palm/HP)

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