Cohesive Devicess Linking Adverbials

COHESIVE DEVICESS
Linking Adverbials
1. Linking adverbials are used to explicitly state relationships between sentences,

paragraphs, and ideas. The result is increased cohesion of text.
2. Linking adverbials can show 6 different categories of relationships:
 Enumeration and addition
 Summation
 Apposition
 Result/Inference
 Contrast/Concession
 Transition
 Enumerative Linking Adverbials

Enumerative linking adverbials can be used to show the order of pieces of
information. Enumeration can follow logical or time sequences, or they can
simply be used to move on to the next piece of information.
 ordinal numbers
first, second, third, etc.
 adverbs
finally, lastly
 phrases
for one thing, to begin with, next
Example:
This new structure must accomplish two special purposes. First, as a part
of overcoming the division of Europe there must be an opportunity to
overcome through peace and freedom the division of Berlin and of
Germany. Second, the architecture should reflect that American's security
remains linked to Europe. (NEWS)
 Additive Linking Adverbials
Similar to enumerative linking adverbials, additive linking adverbials link
items together. They state explicitly that two items are similar to each
other.
 also
 similarly
 by the same token
 further(more)
 likewise
 moreover
Example:
Feedback tends to be used to stabilise systems, not to randomise them.
Similarly, natural systems would probably evolve to avoid chaos. (ACAD)
 Summative Linking Adverbials

Summative linking adverbials explicitly state that the text is concluding.
They often signal that the author will summarize the information he or she
has already presented, hence the name "summative."
 in sum
 in conclusion
 to conclude
 all in all
 overall
 to summarize
We often see these types of linking adverbs in conlcusion or at the end of

sections.
Example:
To conclude, we may place the three notions of saliency in an ordered

relation as follows: <...>
 Appositive Linking Adverbials
Appositive linking adverbials can show that the following piece of
information is a restatement of the previous information by expressing it in
a slightly different manner to make it more explicit.
 which is to say
 in other words
 that is
Appositives are used to introduce an example that is the equivalent of the

first piece of information.
 for example
 for instance
 namely
 specifically
Example:
I looked into my Being, all that lovely light and rotting nerve, and
proceeded to listen. Which is to say, I looked out deep into that
shimmer of past death and new madness.
 Result/Inference Linking Adverbials
Result/inference linking adverbials demonstrate to readers that the
following textual element is the result or consequence of the previous
information.
 consequently
 thus
 as a result
 hence
 so
 therefore
Example:
I once acquired a set of recordings of a Bach piano concerto. I was
very fond of it, but my mother was forever criticizing my poor taste<...>
Consequently, I now hardly listen to Bach. (FICT)
 Contrast/Concession Linking Adverbials
Contrast linking adverbials signal differences or alternatives between two
pieces of information.
 on the other hand
 in contrast
 alternatively
 conversely
 by comparison
 instead
Example:
Administration officials, notably the White House Chief of Staff and
Deputy Treasury Secretary, were irked by his independence. On the
other hand, Taylor reportedle is well-regarded by Treasury officials for
his low-key, out-of-the-limelight style. (NEWS)
Linking adverbs of concession, on the other hand, demonstrate that the

following pieces of information signal a reservation concerning the
previous information.
 though
 anyway
 however
 nevertheless
 in any case
 in spite of that
Example:
Now that the lawyers have taken over, science will never be able to
reach a verdict, and anyway it no longer matters.
 Transition Linking Adverbials
Transition linking adverbials signals that the following item will not directly
follow the previous item. However, this does not mean that the information
is not related at all, just that is not directly related.
 now
 meanwhile
 by the by
 incidentally
 by the way
Example:
I'm coming by yesterday, and he goes oh by the way I'm coming to the
cinema on Saturday with you, I said, you what! (CONV)
Coordinating Conjunctions
1. Coordinators are used (also called coordinating conjunctions to stack elements of

a sentence). These coordinators indicate that the elements have the same
syntactic role, meaning that they are on an equal level.
2. The three main coordinators:
 And
 but
 or (and negative nor)
3. Notice that each coordinator signals a specific relationship.
 And → addition
 But → contrast
 Or → alternative
Example:
They may imply the same sequence of uplift, erosion, and subsidence, or
they may reflect a fall and rise of global sea level. (ACAD)
Subordinating Conjunctions
1. The use of subordinators (also called subordinating conjunctions) contributes

greatly to the cohesion of a text. Unlike coordinators, these words and phrases
introduce ideas that are dependent to the main clause in a sentence.
2. There are three types of subordinators:
 simple
 complex
 correlative

Cohesive Devicess Linking Adverbials

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COHESIVE DEVICESS

1. Linking adverbials are used to explicitly state relationships between sentences,

 Enumerative Linking Adverbials

 Summative Linking Adverbials

We often see these types of linking adverbs in conlcusion or at the end of

To conclude, we may place the three notions of saliency in an ordered

Appositives are used to introduce an example that is the equivalent of the

Linking adverbs of concession, on the other hand, demonstrate that the

1. Coordinators are used (also called coordinating conjunctions to stack elements of

1. The use of subordinators (also called subordinating conjunctions) contributes

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