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Catalysis: Experiment 1: Persulfate-Iodide Reaction

This experiment studies the persulfate-iodide reaction between persulfate (S2O82-) and iodide (I-) ions. The rate of reaction will be determined by measuring the rate of iodine (I2) production, which is consumed by thiosulfate (S2O32-) ions. Adding a starch indicator produces a blue complex to show when thiosulfate is fully consumed. This allows the rate of iodine production and reaction rate to be calculated. Temperature and catalyst effects will also be examined to determine activation energy based on the Arrhenius equation.

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Omar Samir
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312 views5 pages

Catalysis: Experiment 1: Persulfate-Iodide Reaction

This experiment studies the persulfate-iodide reaction between persulfate (S2O82-) and iodide (I-) ions. The rate of reaction will be determined by measuring the rate of iodine (I2) production, which is consumed by thiosulfate (S2O32-) ions. Adding a starch indicator produces a blue complex to show when thiosulfate is fully consumed. This allows the rate of iodine production and reaction rate to be calculated. Temperature and catalyst effects will also be examined to determine activation energy based on the Arrhenius equation.

Uploaded by

Omar Samir
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE BRITISH UNIVERSITY IN EGYPT

Catalysis
Experiment 1: Persulfate-Iodide Reaction

BY:
AMAL WALEED
OMAR SAMIR
SAHER DIAA
SHERIF BAHGAT

Supervision: Dr. Hany Azab


Eng. Ghada Nowihy
Abstract
Introduction

In this experiment, you will study a reaction that proceeds at an easily measured rate at room
temperature:

S2O82- + 2I- 2SO42- + I2

persulfate iodide sulfate iodine In the first part of the experiment, the rate equation will be
determined by investigating the effect of the concentration of the reactants on the rate of the
persulfate-iodide reaction. In the second part, the activation energy will be calculated by studying
the effects of temperature change and addition of a catalyst on the reaction system.

Given the equation for a general reaction:

aA + bB  Products

The dependence of the rate of the reaction on the concentration of the reactants may be expressed
by a rate equation of the form:

rate = k[A] l [B] m

where, k is the rate constant (or rate coefficient); l and m are the orders of the reaction with respect
to the reactants A and B, respectively; and the sum l + m is the overall reaction order. Unlike the
stoichiometric coefficients determined by calculation, the orders of the reaction are based on the
kinetics of the reaction. The orders of the reaction are defined by the mechanism of the reaction,
which is an account of the actual steps by which the molecules combine. Orders can only be
determined experimentally. The effect of temperature on reaction rate is given by the Arrhenius
equation:

a k = A e -E / RT

where A is the Arrhenius constant, Ea the activation energy of the reaction, T the absolute
temperature, and R the universal constant of gases.
In this experiment, we study the kinetics of the reaction between persulfate S2O8 2- and iodide I-
ions:

S2O8 -2 + 2 I-  2SO4 2- + I 2

Rates of reaction are measured by either following the appearance of a product or the
disappearance of a reactant. In this experiment, the rate of consumption of the iodine will be
measured to determine the rate of the reaction. As reaction runs, the amount of iodine (I2) produced
from it will be followed using reaction

2S2O3 2- + I2  S4O6 2- + 2 I

The iodine produced from the persulfate-iodide reaction (1) is immediately reduced back to iodide
by thiosulfate ions (2). A known amount of thiosulfate ions will be added to the reaction vessel
which will in turn consume iodine as it is produced. This continues until all the thiosulfate has
been converted to tetrathionate, where upon free iodine will start to form in the solution via
reaction (1). Because we know the amount of thiosulfate we added, we can determine the amount
of iodine produced from reaction (1) stoichiometrically. When all the thiosulfate is consumed, free
iodine starts to form in solution. By measuring the time taken for the known amount of thiosulfate
to be consumed, the rate of production of iodine during that time can be calculated. The color of
the iodine formed might be intense enough that it can act as its own indicator; however, for better
results, you will add starch, which produces a deep blue starchiodine complex:

I2 + (C6H10 O5 )n • H2O  blue complex

In summary, iodide (I) and persulfate ions (S2O8 2- ) react to produce iodine (I2) and sulfate (SO4
2-
) in reaction (1). This iodine is immediately consumed by the thiosulfate ions (S 2O32-) in a
pathway described by reaction (2). As soon as all of the S2O32- ions are consumed, the excess
iodine produced in (1) is free to react with starch, turning the solution blue (3). The amount of
thiosulfate ions added tells us how much iodine had been produced in the time taken for the
reaction to turn blue.
Experimental methods and Procedure
1. Standardization of Na2S2O3.

2. Mix 100 ml of 0.02 M KI and 100 ml 0.005 M K2S2O8 so their Conc. will be 0.1 M and 0.0025 M
respectively (a=0.0025 M=2.5mM)

3. Record the time.

4. Titrate 0.01 Na2S2O3 with 10 ml of the mixture till pale yellow, then add starch so the color turns
blue and continue titration till colorless.

5. Record the volume from burette (VS2O3).

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