my custom quiz

Name: Instructor Key

1- Which coupling nut should be selected for use with 1/2-inch aluminum oil lines
which are to be assembled using flared tube ends and standard AN nuts, sleeves,
and fittings?
A- AN-818-5.
B- AN-818-16.
*C- AN-818-8.
Expl- An AN-818-5 nut will fit a 5/16-inch tube. (The last dash number is the tube
diameter in 1/16-inch increments.) An AN-818-16 nut will fit a 1-inch tube. An AN-
818-8 nut will fit a 1/2-inch tube.

2- Metal tubing fluid lines are sized by wall thickness and

*A- outside diameter in 1/16 inch increments.
B- inside diameter in 1/16 inch increments.
C- outside diameter in 1/32 inch increments.
Expl- Metal tubing used in aircraft fluid power installations is sized by its outside
diameter, which is measured fractionally in sixteenths of an inch.

3- From the following sequences of steps, indicate the proper order you would
use to make a single flare on a piece of tubing:
1. Place the tube in the proper size hole in the flaring block.
2. Project the end of the tube slightly from the top of the flaring tool, about the
thickness of a dime.
3. Slip the fitting nut and sleeve on the tube.
4. Strike the plunger several light blows with a lightweight hammer or mallet and
turn the plunger one-half turn after each blow.
5. Tighten the clamp bar securely to prevent slippage.
6. Center the plunger or flaring pin over the tube.
A- 1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6.
*B- 3, 1, 6, 2, 5, 4.
C- 3, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4.
Expl- The correct sequence for making a single flare on a piece of tubing is:
(3) Slip the fitting nut and sleeve on the tube.
(1) Place the tube in the proper size hole in the flaring block.
(6) Center the plunger or flaring pin over the tube.
(2) Project the end of the tube slightly from the tip of the flaring tool, about the
thickness of a dime.
(5) Tighten the clamp bar securely to prevent slippage.
(4) Strike the plunger several light blows with a lightweight hammer or mallet.
Turn the plunger one-half turn after each blow.

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4- Hydraulic tubing, which is damaged in a localized area to such an extent that

repair is necessary, may be repaired
*A- by cutting out the damaged area and utilizing a swaged tube fitting to join the
tube ends.
B- only by replacing the tubing section run (connection to connection) using the
same size and material as the original.
C- by cutting out the damaged section and soldering in a replacement section of
tubing.
Expl- If a piece of high-pressure hydraulic tubing is damaged in a localized area,
the damage can be cut out and a new piece of tubing cut to replace the damaged
section. Swage-type splice fittings are slipped over each end of the tubing, and
the fittings are swaged to the tube ends.

5- What is an advantage of a double flare on aluminum tubing?

A- Ease of construction.
*B- More resistant to damage when the joint is tightened.
C- Can be applied to any size and wall-thickness of tubing.
Expl- Tubing made of 5052-O and 6061-T aluminum alloy in sizes from 1/8- to 3/8
-inch OD should be flared with a double flare. Double flares are smoother than
single flares and are more concentric. Also, the extra metal makes the flare more
resistant to the shearing effect when the fittings are torqued.

6- A certain amount of slack must be left in a flexible hose during installation

because, when under pressure, it
A- expands in length and diameter.
B- expands in length and contracts in diameter.
*C- contracts in length and expands in diameter.
Expl- When flexible hose is installed in an aircraft, it must be given a certain
amount of slack because when pressure is applied to the hose, it contracts in
length and expands in diameter.

7- The term 'cold flow' is generally associated with

A- the effects of low temperature gasses or liquids flowing in hose or tubing.
*B- impressions left in natural or synthetic rubber hose material.
C- flexibility characteristics of various hose materials at low ambient
temperatures.
Expl- The term 'cold flow' describes the deep, permanent impression left in a
natural or synthetic rubber hose by the pressure of hose clamps or supports.

8- What is the color of an AN steel flared-tube fitting?

*A- Black.
B- Blue.
C- Red.
Expl- Steel AN flared tube fittings are colored black. Aluminum alloy AN fittings
are colored blue.

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9- Which of the following statements is/are correct in reference to flare fittings?

1. AN fittings have an identifying shoulder between the end of the threads and the
flare cone.
2. AC and AN fittings are considered identical except for material composition and
identifying colors.
3. AN fittings are generally interchangeable with AC fittings of compatible material
composition.
*A- 1.
B- 1 and 3.
C- 1, 2, and 3.
Expl- AN flare fittings have a shoulder between the end of the threads and the
flare cone. In AC fittings the threads go all the way to the cone. AN fittings are
dyed blue or black and AC fittings are gray or yellow. The threads on an AN fitting
are courser than those on an AC fitting. AN and AC fittings are not
interchangeable.

10- Flexible lines must be installed with

*A- a slack of 5 to 8 percent of the length.
B- a slack of at least 10 to 12 percent of the length.
C- enough slack to allow maximum flexing during operation.
Expl- When flexible lines are installed in a fluid power system, they should be
between 5 percent and 8 percent longer than the space between the fittings. This
extra length (this slack) makes allowance for expansion in the system due to heat
and for the fact that a hose contracts in its length when it is pressurized.

11- The maximum distance between end fittings to which a straight hose
assembly is to be connected is 50 inches. The minimum hose length to make
such a connection should be
A- 54-1/2 inches.
B- 51-1/2 inches.
*C- 52-1/2 inches.
Expl- When a flexible line is installed in a fluid power system, it should be
between 5 percent and 8 percent longer than the space between the fittings. If the
distance between the fittings is 50 inches, the hose should be at least 5 percent
longer than this, or 52-1/2 inches long.

12- Excessive stress on fluid or pneumatic metal tubing caused by expansion and
contraction due to temperature changes can best be avoided by
A- using short, straight sections of tubing between fixed parts of the aircraft.
B- using tubing of the same material as the majority of the adjoining structure.
*C- providing bends in the tubing.
Expl- Never select a path for a rigid fluid line that does not require bends in the
tubing. Bends are necessary to permit the tubing to expand and contract under
temperature changes and to absorb vibration.

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13- The material specifications for a certain aircraft require that a replacement oil
line be fabricated from 3/4-inch 0.072 5052-0 aluminum alloy tubing. What is the
inside dimension of this tubing?
*A- 0.606 inch.
B- 0.688 inch.
C- 0.750 inch.
Expl- Find the inside diameter of a tube by subtracting two times the wall
thickness from its outside diameter.
0.750 - 2(0.072) = 0.606 inch
The inside diameter is 0.606 inch.

14- In most aircraft hydraulic systems, two-piece tube connectors consisting of a

sleeve and a nut are used when a tubing flare is required. The use of this type
connector eliminates
A- the flaring operation prior to assembly.
*B- the possibility of reducing the flare thickness by wiping or ironing during the
tightening process.
C- wrench damage to the tubing during the tightening process.
Expl- There are two types of flare fittings that can be used in aircraft hydraulic
systems. One type is the single-piece AN817 nut, and the other is the two-piece
MS20819 sleeve and an AN818 nut. The AN818 nut and sleeve are preferred
over the single-piece fitting because it eliminates the possibility of reducing the
thickness of the flare by the wiping or ironing action when the nut is tightened.
With the two-piece fitting, there is no relative motion between the fitting and the
flare when the nut is being tightened.

15- Which statement(s) about Military Standard (MS) flareless fittings is/are
correct?
1. During installation, MS flareless fittings are normally tightened by turning the
nut a specified amount, rather than being torqued.
2. New MS flareless tubing/fittings should be assembled clean and dry without
lubrication.
3. During installation, MS flareless fittings are normally tightened by applying a
specified torque to the nut
*A- 1.
B- 1 and 2.
C- 3.
Expl- MS flareless fittings are attached to the end of a metal tube by presetting
the fitting on the tube.

Presetting consists of putting enough pressure on the fitting to deform the ferrule
and cause it to cut into the outside of the tube. Presetting is done by lubricating
the threads of the presetting tool and the nut with hydraulic fluid, assembling the
nut and ferrule on the tube, putting it in the presetting tool, and tightening the nut
by hand until resistance is felt, then turning it with a wrench from 1 to 1-1/4 turns.

When installing the fitting in an aircraft hydraulic system, tighten the nut by hand
until resistance is felt, then turn it 1/6 to1/3 of a turn (one hex to two hexes) with a
wrench
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16- When flaring aluminum tubing for use with AN fittings, the flare angle must be
*A- 37°.
B- 39°.
C- 45°.
Expl- The flare angle used with AN fittings is 37°.

17- Scratches or nicks on the straight portion of aluminum alloy tubing may be
repaired if they are no deeper than
A- 20 percent of the wall thickness.
B- 1/32 inch or 20 percent of wall thickness, whichever is less.
*C- 10 percent of the wall thickness.
Expl- Scratches or nicks are allowed in a piece of aluminum alloy tubing provided
it is no deeper than 10 percent of the wall thickness of the tube, and it is not in the
heel of a bend. Scratches and nicks should be burnished out of the tube, to
prevent stress concentrations.

18- Flexible hose used in aircraft systems is classified in size according to the
A- outside diameter.
B- wall thickness.
*C- inside diameter.
Expl- The size of flexible hose is determined by its inside diameter. Sizes are in
1/16-inch increments and relate to corresponding sizes of rigid tubing with which
it can be used.

19- A scratch or nick in aluminum tubing can be repaired provided it does not
*A- appear in the heel of a bend.
B- appear on the inside of a bend.
C- exceed 10 percent of the tube OD on a straight section.
Expl- Scratches or nicks not deeper than 10 percent of the wall thickness in
aluminum alloy tubing, that are not in the heel of a bend, may be repaired by
burnishing (forcing the displaced metal back into the nick or scratch) with a
polished steel burnishing hand tool.

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my custom quiz

20- Which of the following hose materials are compatible with phosphate-ester
base hydraulic fluids?
1. Butyl.
2. Teflon.
3. Buna-N.
4. Neoprene.
*A- 1 and 2.
B- 2 and 4.
C- 1 and 3.
Expl- Butyl is not suitable for use with petroleum products, but is an excellent
inner liner for phosphate-ester base hydraulic fluids. Teflon hose is unaffected by
any fuel, petroleum, or synthetic-base oils, alcohol, coolants, or solvents
commonly used in aircraft. Buna-N should not be used with phosphate-ester base
hydraulic fluids. Neoprene is not suitable for use with phosphate-ester base
hydraulic fluids.

21- Which tubings have the characteristics (high strength, abrasion resistance)
necessary for use in a high-pressure (3,000 PSI) hydraulic system for operation
of landing gear and flaps?
A- 2024-T or 5052-0 aluminum alloy.
*B- Corrosion-resistant steel annealed or 1/4H.
C- 1100-1/2H or 3003-1/2H aluminum alloy.
Expl- Rigid tubing made of corrosion-resistant steel, either annealed or 1/4 hard,
is used in high-pressure hydraulic or pneumatic systems where high strength and
abrasion resistance are important.

22- When installing bonded clamps to support metal tubing,

A- paint removal from tube is not recommended as it will inhibit corrosion.
B- paint clamp and tube after clamp installation to prevent corrosion.
*C- remove paint or anodizing from tube at clamp location.
Expl- When a piece of metal tubing is installed in a bonded clamp, any paint or
anodizing oxide film must be removed from the portion of the tube where the
clamp is to fit. Both paint and the oxide film are electrical insulators.

23- In a metal tubing installation,

A- rigid straight line runs are preferable.
*B- tension is undesirable because pressurization will cause it to expand and
shift.
C- a tube may be pulled in line if the nut will start on the threaded coupling.
Expl- When making an installation of rigid metal tubing, each run of the tubing
must have at least one bend in it to allow for the shifting of the line as it is
pressurized. There must be no tension on the line (the flare in both ends of the
tube should rest squarely on the flare cones of the fittings and not have to be
pulled into place with the nut).

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24- The best tool to use when cutting aluminum tubing, or any tubing of
moderately soft metal is a
*A- hand operated wheel-type tubing cutter.
B- fine-tooth hacksaw.
C- circular-saw equipped with an abrasive cutting wheel.
Expl- A hand operated wheel-type tubing cutter is the best tool to use when
cutting aluminum tubing, or any tubing of moderately soft metal.

25- The primary purpose of providing suitable bends in fluid and pneumatic metal
tubing runs is to
A- clear obstacles and make turns in aircraft structures.
B- provide for access within aircraft structures.
*C- prevent excessive stress on the tubing.
Expl- When making an installation of rigid metal tubing, each run of the tubing
must have at least one bend in it to allow for the shifting of the line as it is
pressurized. This prevents excessive stress on the tubing.

26- Which of the following statements is true regarding minimum allowable bend
radii for 1.5 inches OD or less aluminum alloy and steel tubing of the same size?
*A- The minimum radius for steel is greater than for aluminum.
B- The minimum radius for steel is less than for aluminum.
C- The minimum radius is the same for both steel and aluminum.
Expl- The minimum allowable bend radius for a 1.5 inch OD aluminum tubing is 5
inches. The minimum allowable bend radius for the same diameter steel tubing is
5.25 inches. Steel tubing in sizes smaller than 1.5 inch OD require a greater
minimum bend radius than aluminum alloy tubing of the same size.

27- A gas or fluid line marked with the letters PHDAN is

A- a dual-purpose pneumatic and/or hydraulic line for normal and emergency
system use.
*B- used to carry a hazardous substance.
C- a pneumatic or hydraulic system drain or discharge line.
Expl- The marking PHDAN on a fluid line indicates that the fluid carried in the line
is physically hazardous and dangerous to personnel.

28- Which statement is true regarding the variety of symbols utilized on the
identifying color-code bands that are currently used on aircraft plumbing lines?
A- Symbols are composed of various single colors according to line content.
*B- Symbols are always black against a white background regardless of line
content.
C- Symbols are composed of one to three contrasting colors according to line
content.
Expl- The fluid carried in fluid lines in an aircraft is identified by a series of color-
coded bands around the line. These bands have from one to three contrasting
colors. There is also a white band with black geometric symbols for the benefit of
color-blind personnel.

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29- If a flared tube coupling nut is overtightened, where is the tube most likely to
be weakened/damaged?
A- Along the entire length of the sleeve and tube interface.
B- At the edge of the sleeve and straight portion of the tube.
*C- At the sleeve and flare junction.
Expl- Overtightening a flared tube coupling nut will likely weaken or damage the
tube and it is most likely to fail at the sleeve and flare junction.

30- Which statement concerning Bernoulli's principle is true?

A- The pressure of a fluid increases at points where the velocity of the fluid
increases.
*B- The pressure of a fluid decreases at points where the velocity of the fluid
increases.
C- It applies only to gases and vaporized liquids.
Expl- Bernoulli's principle is one of the most useful principles we have to explain
the behavior of fluid (either liquid or gas) in motion. Bernoulli's principle tells us
that if we neither add energy nor take any energy from fluid in motion, an increase
in the velocity of the fluid (its kinetic energy) will result in a corresponding
decrease in its pressure (its potential energy).

31- (1) Bonded clamps are used for support when installing metal tubing.
(2) Unbonded clamps are used for support when installing wiring.
Regarding the above statements,
A- only No. 1 is true.
*B- both No. 1 and No. 2 are true.
C- neither No. 1 nor No. 2 is true.
Expl- Statement (1) is true. Bonded clamps (clamps in which the tube is
contacted with a piece of bare metal) are used when installing metal tubing in an
aircraft. Bonded clamps keep the tube at the same electrical potential as the
aircraft structure. Statement (2) is also true. Unbonded (cushion) clamps are used
when securing wire bundles to the aircraft structure. The soft cushion in the clamp
prevents abrasion wearing away the insulation on the wire.

32- Which statement is true regarding flattening of tubing in bends?

A- Flattening by a maximum of 20 percent of the original diameter is permissible.
*B- Flattening by not more than 25 percent of the original diameter is permissible.
C- The small diameter portion in the bend cannot exceed more than 75 percent of
the diameter of straight tubing.
Expl- Tubing in the bend is often deformed, and the bend is not satisfactory if its
small diameter is less than 75% of the outside diameter of the straight tubing.
This allows a flattening in the bend of not more than 25% of the original OD of the
tube.

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33- A 3/8 inch aircraft high pressure flexible hose as compared to 3/8 inch metal
tubing used in the same system will
A- have higher flow capabilities.
*B- have equivalent flow characteristics.
C- usually have interchangeable applications.
Expl- Flexible hose may be used in any part of an aircraft fluid system where it
has been proven by the aircraft manufacturer to be suitable. The hose must be
able to carry the pressure, withstand the vibration, and pass the required fluid
flow. The size of a flexible hose is approximately its inside diameter in 1/16-inch
increments. This refers to the outside diameter of a rigid tube that has the
equivalent flow characteristics.

34- When a Teflon hose has been in service for a time, what condition may have
occurred and/or what precaution should be taken when it is temporarily removed
from the aircraft?
A- The hose interior must be kept wet with the fluid carried to prevent
embrittlement/deterioration.
B- The hose may become stiff and brittle if not flexed or moved regularly.
*C- The hose may have developed a set, or have been manufactured with a pre-
set shape, and must be supported to maintain its shape.
Expl- Teflon hoses develops a permanent set after having been in use for an
extended period of time or may have been manufactured with a permanent set for
the particular function, thus is should be supported to maintain its shape and
prevent inadvertent straightening.

35- Rolling-type Flaring Tools are used to flare X, X, and X tubing.

A- Stainless steel, hard copper, mild steel.
B- Titanium, soft copper, corrosion resistant steel.
*C- Soft copper, aluminum, brass.
Expl- Use rolling-type flaring tools only to flare soft copper, aluminum, and brass
tubing. Do not use with corrosion resistant steel or titanium.

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