Sliding wear, friction and hardness of Cu-0W composite at 5 N

Lubricant: Graphite Sliding velocity: 1.4

Sintering Sliding
temperatu Nano level
distance,
re,
Specific
nano W (%) Load (N) ˚C m
wear rate
Coefficient Hardness
× 10-5, of friction (RB)
mm3/N-m

0 5 850 400 5.3299 0.35 88

0 5 850 800 5.1817 0.36 88
0 5 850 1200 3.8273 0.37 88
0 5 850 1600 3.8028 0.38 88
0 5 850 2000 3.7505 0.38 88
0 5 800 400 6.4485 0.36 85
0 5 800 800 6.0206 0.37 85
0 5 800 1200 4.7595 0.38 85
0 5 800 1600 4.4085 0.39 85
0 5 800 2000 3.9742 0.4 85
0 5 750 400 7.0671 0.36 83
0 5 750 800 6.5799 0.38 83
0 5 750 1200 5.1323 0.39 83
0 5 750 1600 4.6881 0.4 83
0 5 750 2000 4.0861 0.41 83
0 10 850 400 4.1946 0.36 88
0 10 850 800 3.362 0.37 88
0 10 850 1200 3.4489 0.38 88
0 10 850 1600 2.9033 0.39 88
0 10 850 2000 2.8819 0.39 88
0 10 800 400 4.6946 0.37 85
0 10 800 800 3.6205 0.38 85
0 10 800 1200 3.2322 0.39 85
0 10 800 1600 2.9033 0.4 85
0 10 800 2000 2.8819 0.4 85
0 10 750 400 4.9294 0.37 83
0 10 750 800 3.862 0.37 83
0 10 750 1200 3.6932 0.39 83
0 10 750 1600 3.8203 0.4 83
0 10 750 2000 3.6681 0.41 83
0 15 850 400 4.9002 0.39 88
0 15 850 800 2.4322 0.39 88
0 15 850 1200 2.0338 0.4 88
0 15 850 1600 1.9776 0.41 88
0 15 850 2000 1.9241 0.42 88
0 15 800 400 4.89 0.38 85
0 15 800 800 3.3832 0.39 85
0 15 800 1200 2.9793 0.4 85
0 15 800 1600 2.6677 0.42 85
0 15 800 2000 2.5741 0.42 85
0 15 750 400 5.759 0.38 83
0 15 750 800 3.9322 0.39 83
0 15 750 1200 3.3363 0.4 83
0 15 750 1600 3.1697 0.41 83
0 15 750 2000 2.9624 0.42 83
5 5 850 400 4.9034 0.35 92
5 5 850 800 4.567 0.36 92
5 5 850 1200 3.2209 0.36 92
5 5 850 1600 3.1055 0.37 92
5 5 850 2000 2.9902 0.38 92
5 5 800 400 5.4323 0.37 89
5 5 800 800 5.0958 0.37 89
5 5 800 1200 4.2401 0.38 89
5 5 800 1600 3.8699 0.39 89
5 5 800 2000 3.3075 0.4 89
5 5 750 400 6.4899 0.36 88
5 5 750 800 5.6246 0.37 88
5 5 750 1200 4.4356 0.38 88
5 5 750 1600 4.0093 0.39 88
5 5 750 2000 3.519 0.41 88
5 10 850 400 2.7161 0.36 92
5 10 850 800 2.6801 0.37 92
5 10 850 1200 2.3941 0.38 92
5 10 850 1600 2.346 0.39 92
5 10 850 2000 2.2354 0.4 92
5 10 800 400 2.9805 0.37 89
5 10 800 800 2.9445 0.38 89
5 10 800 1200 2.4918 0.39 89
5 10 800 1600 2.4157 0.39 89
5 10 800 2000 2.2498 0.4 89
5 10 750 400 3.7737 0.37 88
5 10 750 800 3.2089 0.38 88
5 10 750 1200 2.6681 0.39 88
5 10 750 1600 2.6104 0.4 88
5 10 750 2000 2.6056 0.41 88
5 15 850 400 1.987 0.39 92
5 15 850 800 1.8588 0.38 92
5 15 850 1200 1.7883 0.39 92
5 15 850 1600 1.7845 0.4 92
5 15 850 2000 1.862 0.41 92
5 15 800 400 2.6921 0.38 89
5 15 800 800 2.4037 0.39 89
5 15 800 1200 2.19 0.4 89
5 15 800 1600 2.4357 0.41 89
5 15 800 2000 2.3364 0.42 89
5 15 750 400 3.0446 0.38 88
 5 15 750 800 2.5799 0.39 88
5 15 750 1200 2.3075 0.4 88
5 15 750 1600 2.5679 0.41 88
5 15 750 2000 2.4069 0.43 88
10 5 850 400 3.0174 0.31 96
10 5 850 800 2.2609 0.32 96
10 5 850 1200 2.343 0.34 96
10 5 850 1600 2.1333 0.35 96
10 5 850 2000 1.8069 0.36 96
10 5 800 400 4.0203 0.33 94
10 5 800 800 3.013 0.35 94
10 5 800 1200 2.6773 0.36 94
10 5 800 1600 2.8855 0.37 94
10 5 800 2000 2.4087 0.38 94
10 5 750 400 5.0232 0.34 92
10 5 750 800 3.2638 0.35 92
10 5 750 1200 3.0116 0.36 92
10 5 750 1600 3.1362 0.37 92
10 5 750 2000 2.7095 0.39 92
10 10 850 400 2.2609 0.35 96
10 10 850 800 1.8826 0.35 96
10 10 850 1200 1.9236 0.36 96
10 10 850 1600 2.0069 0.37 96
10 10 850 2000 2.0066 0.38 96
10 10 800 400 2.2609 0.35 93
10 10 800 800 2.5094 0.36 93
10 10 800 1200 2.0072 0.37 93
10 10 800 1600 2.3829 0.38 93
10 10 800 2000 2.1069 0.38 93
10 10 750 400 3.013 0.35 93
10 10 750 800 2.7601 0.36 93
10 10 750 1200 2.1744 0.37 93
10 10 750 1600 2.5083 0.38 93
10 10 750 2000 2.2072 0.39 93
10 15 850 400 1.6406 0.37 96
10 15 850 800 1.5839 0.38 96
10 15 850 1200 1.5613 0.39 96
10 15 850 1600 1.505 0.39 96
10 15 850 2000 1.438 0.4 96
10 15 800 400 1.8415 0.36 93
10 15 800 800 1.7572 0.37 93
10 15 800 1200 1.6724 0.38 93
10 15 800 1600 1.5891 0.39 93
10 15 800 2000 1.5389 0.4 93
10 15 750 400 2.1758 0.36 93
10 15 750 800 2.1744 0.37 93
10 15 750 1200 1.9499 0.38 93
10 15 750 1600 1.8811 0.39 93
10 15 750 2000 1.8392 0.41 93
15 5 850 400 3.9143 0.27 102
15 5 850 800 2.661 0.28 102
15 5 850 1200 1.9566 0.3 102
15 5 850 1600 1.538 0.31 102
15 5 850 2000 1.2584 0.32 102
15 5 800 400 3.745 0.29 98
15 5 800 800 2.0646 0.31 98
15 5 800 1200 2.0121 0.32 98
15 5 800 1600 2.1051 0.33 98
15 5 800 2000 1.9702 0.34 98
15 5 750 400 2.6987 0.3 96
15 5 750 800 2.5414 0.31 96
15 5 750 1200 2.33 0.32 96
15 5 750 1600 2.3435 0.33 96
15 5 750 2000 2.1609 0.35 96
15 10 850 400 1.5877 0.31 102
15 10 850 800 1.5323 0.31 102
15 10 850 1200 1.165 0.32 102
15 10 850 1600 1.1585 0.33 102
15 10 850 2000 1.1556 0.34 102
15 10 800 400 1.5877 0.31 98
15 10 800 800 1.5091 0.32 98
15 10 800 1200 1.3239 0.33 98
15 10 800 1600 1.7082 0.34 98
15 10 800 2000 1.6049 0.34 98
15 10 750 400 2.0646 0.31 96
15 10 750 800 1.7475 0.32 96
15 10 750 1200 1.4829 0.33 96
15 10 750 1600 1.8274 0.34 96
15 10 750 2000 1.9387 0.35 96
15 15 850 400 1.0585 0.33 102
15 15 850 800 1.0465 0.34 102
15 15 850 1200 1.0415 0.35 102
15 15 850 1600 1.0215 0.35 102
15 15 850 2000 1.1412 0.36 102
15 15 800 400 1.3764 0.32 98
15 15 800 800 1.3741 0.33 98
15 15 800 1200 1.3646 0.34 98
15 15 800 1600 1.3355 0.35 98
15 15 800 2000 1.356 0.36 98
15 15 750 400 1.6942 0.32 96
15 15 750 800 1.5739 0.33 96
15 15 750 1200 1.4705 0.34 96
15 15 750 1600 1.4566 0.35 96
15 15 750 2000 1.5437 0.37 96
composite at 5 N
velocity: 1.4 m/sec

Input

% of nano W 0-15
Load 5-15 N

Sintering temperature 750-850 deg

Sliding Distance 400-2000 m
Output

Specific wear rate

coefficient of friction
Hardness
 Sliding wear, friction and hardness of Cu-0W composite at 10 N
Lubricant: Graphite Sliding velocity: 1.4 m/sec
Sintering Sliding
temperatu Nano level
distance,
re,
Specific
˚C m
wear rate
Coefficien
× 10-5, t of Hardness
friction
mm3/N-m

850 400 4.1946 0.36 88

850 800 3.362 0.37 88
850 1200 3.4489 0.38 88
850 1600 2.9033 0.39 88
850 2000 2.8819 0.39 88
800 400 4.6946 0.37 85
800 800 3.6205 0.38 85
800 1200 3.2322 0.39 85
800 1600 2.9033 0.4 85
800 2000 2.8819 0.4 85
750 400 4.9294 0.37 83
750 800 3.862 0.37 83
750 1200 3.6932 0.39 83
750 1600 3.8203 0.4 83
750 2000 3.6681 0.41 83
 Sliding wear, friction and hardness of Cu-0W composite at 15 N
Lubricant: Graphite Sliding velocity: 1.4 m/sec
Sintering Sliding
temperatu Nano level
distance,
re,
Specific
˚C m
wear rate
Coefficien
× 10-5, t of Hardness
friction
mm3/N-m

850 400 4.9002 0.39 88

850 800 2.4322 0.39 88
850 1200 2.0338 0.4 88
850 1600 1.9776 0.41 88
850 2000 1.9241 0.42 88
800 400 4.89 0.38 85
800 800 3.3832 0.39 85
800 1200 2.9793 0.4 85
800 1600 2.6677 0.42 85
800 2000 2.5741 0.42 85
750 400 5.759 0.38 83
750 800 3.9322 0.39 83
750 1200 3.3363 0.4 83
750 1600 3.1697 0.41 83
750 2000 2.9624 0.42 83
 Sliding wear, friction and hardness of Cu-5W composite at 5 N
Lubricant: Graphite Sliding velocity: 1.4 m/sec
Sintering Sliding
temperatu Nano level
distance,
re,
Specific
˚C m
wear rate
Coefficien
× 10-5, t of Hardness
friction
mm3/N-m

850 400 4.9034 0.35 92

850 800 4.567 0.36 92
850 1200 3.2209 0.36 92
850 1600 3.1055 0.37 92
850 2000 2.9902 0.38 92
800 400 5.4323 0.37 89
800 800 5.0958 0.37 89
800 1200 4.2401 0.38 89
800 1600 3.8699 0.39 89
800 2000 3.3075 0.4 89
750 400 6.4899 0.36 88
750 800 5.6246 0.37 88
750 1200 4.4356 0.38 88
750 1600 4.0093 0.39 88
750 2000 3.519 0.41 88
 Sliding wear, friction and hardness of Cu-5W composite at 10 N
Lubricant: Graphite Sliding velocity: 1.4 m/sec
Sintering Sliding
temperatu Nano level
distance,
re,
Specific
˚C m
wear rate
Coefficien
× 10-5, t of Hardness
friction
mm3/N-m

850 400 2.7161 0.36 92

850 800 2.6801 0.37 92
850 1200 2.3941 0.38 92
850 1600 2.346 0.39 92
850 2000 2.2354 0.4 92
800 400 2.9805 0.37 89
800 800 2.9445 0.38 89
800 1200 2.4918 0.39 89
800 1600 2.4157 0.39 89
800 2000 2.2498 0.4 89
750 400 3.7737 0.37 88
750 800 3.2089 0.38 88
750 1200 2.6681 0.39 88
750 1600 2.6104 0.4 88
750 2000 2.6056 0.41 88
 Sliding wear, friction and hardness of Cu-5W composite at 15 N
Lubricant: Graphite Sliding velocity: 1.4 m/sec
Sintering Sliding Nano level
temperatu Specific
distance,
re, wear rate
˚C m × 10-5, Coefficien
t of Hardness
mm3/N-m friction

850 400 1.987 0.39 92

850 800 1.8588 0.38 92
850 1200 1.7883 0.39 92
850 1600 1.7845 0.4 92
850 2000 1.862 0.41 92
800 400 2.6921 0.38 89
800 800 2.4037 0.39 89
800 1200 2.19 0.4 89
800 1600 2.4357 0.41 89
800 2000 2.3364 0.42 89
750 400 3.0446 0.38 88
750 800 2.5799 0.39 88
750 1200 2.3075 0.4 88
750 1600 2.5679 0.41 88
750 2000 2.4069 0.43 88
 Sliding wear, friction and hardness of Cu-10W composite at 5 N
Lubricant: Graphite Sliding velocity: 1.4 m/sec
Sintering Sliding
temperatu Nano level
distance,
re,
Specific
˚C m
wear rate
Coefficien
× 10-5, t of Hardness
friction
mm3/N-m

850 400 3.0174 0.31 96

850 800 2.2609 0.32 96
850 1200 2.343 0.34 96
850 1600 2.1333 0.35 96
850 2000 1.8069 0.36 96
800 400 4.0203 0.33 94
800 800 3.013 0.35 94
800 1200 2.6773 0.36 94
800 1600 2.8855 0.37 94
800 2000 2.4087 0.38 94
750 400 5.0232 0.34 92
750 800 3.2638 0.35 92
750 1200 3.0116 0.36 92
750 1600 3.1362 0.37 92
750 2000 2.7095 0.39 92
 Sliding wear, friction and hardness of Cu-10W composite at 10 N
Lubricant: Graphite Sliding velocity: 1.4 m/sec
Sintering Sliding
temperatu Nano level
distance,
re,
Specific
˚C m
wear rate
Coefficien
× 10-5, t of Hardness
friction
mm3/N-m

850 400 2.2609 0.35 96

850 800 1.8826 0.35 96
850 1200 1.9236 0.36 96
850 1600 2.0069 0.37 96
850 2000 2.0066 0.38 96
800 400 2.2609 0.35 93
800 800 2.5094 0.36 93
800 1200 2.0072 0.37 93
800 1600 2.3829 0.38 93
800 2000 2.1069 0.38 93
750 400 3.013 0.35 93
750 800 2.7601 0.36 93
750 1200 2.1744 0.37 93
750 1600 2.5083 0.38 93
750 2000 2.2072 0.39 93
 Sliding wear, friction and hardness of Cu-10W composite at 15 N
Lubricant: Graphite Sliding velocity: 1.4 m/sec
Sintering Sliding
temperatu Nano level
distance,
re,
Specific
˚C m
wear rate
Coefficien
× 10-5, t of Hardness
friction
mm3/N-m

850 400 1.6406 0.37 96

850 800 1.5839 0.38 96
850 1200 1.5613 0.39 96
850 1600 1.505 0.39 96
850 2000 1.438 0.4 96
800 400 1.8415 0.36 93
800 800 1.7572 0.37 93
800 1200 1.6724 0.38 93
800 1600 1.5891 0.39 93
800 2000 1.5389 0.4 93
750 400 2.1758 0.36 93
750 800 2.1744 0.37 93
750 1200 1.9499 0.38 93
750 1600 1.8811 0.39 93
750 2000 1.8392 0.41 93
Sliding wear, friction and hardness of Cu-15W composite at 5
Lubricant: Graphite Sliding velocity: 1.4 m/sec
Sintering Sliding
temperatu Nano level
distance,
re,
Specific
˚C m
wear rate
Coefficien
× 10-5, t of Hardness
friction
mm3/N-m

850 400 3.9143 0.27 102

850 800 2.661 0.28 102
850 1200 1.9566 0.3 102
850 1600 1.538 0.31 102
850 2000 1.2584 0.32 102
800 400 3.745 0.29 98
800 800 2.0646 0.31 98
800 1200 2.0121 0.32 98
800 1600 2.1051 0.33 98
800 2000 1.9702 0.34 98
750 400 2.6987 0.3 96
750 800 2.5414 0.31 96
750 1200 2.33 0.32 96
750 1600 2.3435 0.33 96
750 2000 2.1609 0.35 96
 Sliding wear, friction and hardness of Cu-15W composite at 10 N
Lubricant: Graphite Sliding velocity: 1.4 m/sec
Sintering Sliding
temperatu Nano level
distance,
re,
Specific
˚C m
wear rate
Coefficien
× 10-5, t of Hardness
friction
mm3/N-m

850 400 1.5877 0.31 102

850 800 1.5323 0.31 102
850 1200 1.165 0.32 102
850 1600 1.1585 0.33 102
850 2000 1.1556 0.34 102
800 400 1.5877 0.31 98
800 800 1.5091 0.32 98
800 1200 1.3239 0.33 98
800 1600 1.7082 0.34 98
800 2000 1.6049 0.34 98
750 400 2.0646 0.31 96
750 800 1.7475 0.32 96
750 1200 1.4829 0.33 96
750 1600 1.8274 0.34 96
750 2000 1.9387 0.35 96
 Sliding wear, friction and hardness of Cu-15W composite at 15 N

Lubricant: Graphite Sliding velocity: 1.4 m/sec

Sintering Sliding
temperatu Nano level
distance,
re,
Specific
˚C m
wear rate
Coefficien
× 10-5, t of Hardness
friction
mm3/N-m

850 400 1.0585 0.33 102

850 800 1.0465 0.34 102
850 1200 1.0415 0.35 102
850 1600 1.0215 0.35 102
850 2000 1.1412 0.36 102
800 400 1.3764 0.32 98
800 800 1.3741 0.33 98
800 1200 1.3646 0.34 98
800 1600 1.3355 0.35 98
800 2000 1.356 0.36 98
750 400 1.6942 0.32 96
750 800 1.5739 0.33 96
750 1200 1.4705 0.34 96
750 1600 1.4566 0.35 96
750 2000 1.5437 0.37 96