TAG QUESTIONS

You speak English, don't you?

A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-

question. The whole sentence is a "tag question", and the mini-question at the end is
called a "question tag".

A "tag" is something small that we add to something larger. For example, the little piece
of cloth added to a shirt showing size or washing instructions is a tag.

We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They mean
something like: "Am I right?" or "Do you agree?" They are very common in English.

The basic structure is:

+ -
Positive statement, negative tag?

Snow is white, isn't it?

- +
Negative statement, positive tag?

You don't like me, do you?

Look at these examples with positive statements:

positive statement [+] negative tag [-] notes:

personal
main pronoun
subject auxiliary   auxiliary not  
verb (same as
subject)

You are coming,   are n't you?  

We have finished,   have n't we?  

You do like coffee, do n't you?  

You like coffee, do n't you? You (do) like...

They will help,   wo n't they? won't = will not

I can come,   can 't I?  

We must go,   must n't we?  

He should try harder, should n't he?  

You   are English, are n't you? no auxiliary for

main verb be
John   was there, was n't he?
present & past

Look at these examples with negative statements:

negative statement [-] positive tag [+]

personal
subject auxiliary   main verb     auxiliary pronoun
(same as subject)

It is n't raining,     is it?

We have never seen   that, have we?

You do n't like   coffee, do you?

They will not help,     will they?

They wo n't report   us, will they?

I can never do   it right, can I?

We must n't tell   her, must we?

He should n't drive   so fast, should he?

You     are n't English, are you?

John     was not there, was he?

Some special cases:

I am right, aren't I? aren't I (not amn't I)

You have to go, don't you? you (do) have to go...

I have been answering,

use first auxiliary
haven't I?

Nothing came in the post, treat statements with nothing, nobody etc like negative
did it? statements

Let's go, shall we? let's = let us

He'd better do it, hadn't he? he had better (no auxiliary)

Here are some mixed examples:

 But you don't really love her, do you?

 This will work, won't it?
 Well, I couldn't help it, could I?
 But you'll tell me if she calls, won't you?
 We'd never have known, would we?
 The weather's bad, isn't it?
 You won't be late, will you?
 Nobody knows, do they?

Notice that we often use tag questions to ask for information or help, starting with a
negative statement. This is quite a friendly/polite way of making a request. For example,
instead of saying "Where is the police station?" (not very polite), or "Do you know where
the police station is?" (slightly more polite), we could say: "You wouldn't know where the
police station is, would you?" Here are some more examples:

 You don't know of any good jobs, do you?

 You couldn't help me with my homework, could you?
  You haven't got $10 to lend me, have you?

Intonation

We can change the meaning of a tag question with the musical pitch of our voice. With
rising intonation, it sounds like a real question. But if our intonation falls, it sounds more
like a statement that doesn't require a real answer:

  intonation  

You don't know where my wallet is, do you? / rising real question

It's a beautiful view, isn't it? \ falling not a real question

Answers to tag questions

A question tag is the "mini-question" at the end. A tag question is the whole sentence.

How do we answer a tag question? Often, we just say Yes or No. Sometimes we may
repeat the tag and reverse it (..., do they? Yes, they do). Be very careful about
answering tag questions. In some languages, an oposite system of answering is used,
and non-native English speakers sometimes answer in the wrong way. This can lead to
a lot of confusion!

Answer a tag question according to the truth of the situation. Your answer reflects the
real facts, not (necessarily) the question.

For example, everyone knows that snow is white. Look at these questions, and the
correct answers:

correct
tag question    
answer

Snow is Yes (it the answer is the same in but notice the change of stress
white, isn't is). both cases - because when the answerer does not
 it?

Snow isn't snow IS WHITE!

Yes it is!
white, is it?

Snow is
No it agree with the questioner
black, isn't the answer is the same in
isn't!
it? both cases - because
Snow isn't No (it snow IS NOT BLACK!
black, is it? isn't).

In some languages, people answer a question like "Snow isn't black, is it?" with "Yes"
(meaning "Yes, I agree with you"). This is the wrong answer in English!

Here are some more examples, with correct answers:

 The moon goes round the earth, doesn't it? Yes, it does.
 The earth is bigger than the moon, isn't it? Yes.
 The earth is bigger than the sun, isn't it? No, it isn't!
 Asian people don't like rice, do they? Yes, they do!
 Elephants live in Europe, don't they? No, they don't!
 Men don't have babies, do they? No.
 The English alphabet doesn't have 40 letters, does it? No, it doesn't.

Question tags with imperatives

Sometimes we use question tags with imperatives (invitations, orders), but the sentence
remains an imperative and does not require a direct answer. We use won't for
invitations. We use can, can't, will, would for orders.

  imperative + question tag notes:

invitation Take a seat, won't you? polite

 Help me, can you? quite friendly

Help me, can't you? quite friendly (some irritation?)

order Close the door, would you? quite polite

Do it now, will you? less polite

Don't forget, will you? with negative imperatives only will is possible

Same-way question tags

Although the basic structure of tag questions is positive-negative or negative-positive, it

is sometime possible to use a positive-positive or negative-negative structure. We use
same-way question tags to express interest, surprise, anger etc, and not to make real
questions.

 So you're having a baby, are you? That's wonderful!

 She wants to marry him, does she? Some chance!
 So you think that's amusing, do you? Think again.

Negative-negative tag questions usually sound rather hostile:

 So you don't like my looks, don't you?