Chapter 1

The Problem

Introduction

Nowadays, Phinma-Cagayan de Oro College has a growing population in

terms of enrolled students. The school has the heart to help those students who

cannot afford the amount of tuition fee in a semester through giving scholarship.

The said scholarship is a big help to pursue the dreams of the students to

become professional someday. In exchange of that, the students are obliged to

render an hour of duty as an assistant facilitator (AF) or attend any campus

activity in order to renew their scholarship. This will help the student to become

more responsible on their duty. [1]

In relevant to the duty hours to be rendered, the researcher observes that

there are problems in recording the data of total hours accomplished by the

student. It may be cheated by some students who are not able or interested to

render their duty for personal matters. It will happen through signing by their

classmates, their friends and even their self. Not only that, but also in renewing

the scholarship because it takes time to entertain the students by the staff of

CSDL due to large number of students. [2]

That’s why the researcher would like to propose a Database Management

System (DBMS) so that there would be no more compromise happen both sides

of student and the staff of CSDL. Also it makes the process easily accessible and
fair to all scholars of Phinma-COC who are generously rendering their duty

hours. [3]

Theoretical Framework

A Database Management System (DBMS) makes it possible for end users

to create, read, update and delete data in a database. The DBMS essentially

serves as an interface between the database and end users or application

programs, ensuring that data is consistently organized and remains easily

accessible. The DBMS manages three important things: the data, the database

engine that allows data to be accessed, locked and modified -- and the database

schema, which defines the database’s logical structure. These three foundational

elements help provide concurrency, security, data integrity and uniform

administration procedures. Typical database administration tasks supported by

the DBMS include change management, performance monitoring and backup

and recovery. Database management systems are also responsible for restarts

and recovery as well as the logging and auditing of activity. [4]

A barcode is the small image of lines (bars) and spaces that affixed in

identification cards to identify a person and particular rendered duty hours. The

code uses a sequence of vertical bars and spaces to represent numbers and

other symbols. It is also an optical, machine-readable, representation of data; the

data usually describes something about the object that carries the barcode. [5]
 A barcode reader is used to read the code. The reader uses a laser beam

that is sensitive to the reflections from the line and space thickness and variation.

The reader translates the reflected light into digital data that is transferred to a

computer for immediate action or storage. Barcodes and readers are most often

seen in supermarkets and retail stores. They are also used to check out books

from a library and to track manufacturing and shipping movement. Readers may

be attached to a computer or separate and portable, in which case they store the

data they read until it can be fed into a computer to take a direct action. [6]

Conceptual Framework

The total rendered hours of each student and renewing of scholarship may

automatically credit as long as they acquire the desired amount to be rendered.

The students will never be subjected to go to the CSDL to renew the scholarship.

Also the CSDL monitors the accounts of each student regularly.

The records of each student are efficient on how many times they

rendered their duty hours. They can easily access their renewing of scholarship

without any compromise both sides of the students and the CSDL staff. They can

also assure that the security of their accounts is regularly monitored

 The independent variables are the total rendered hours of each student,

renewing of scholarship and monitoring process of the CSDL. The dependent

variables are efficiency, easily access and the security.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

 Total rendered hours  Efficiency

of each student  Easily access
 Renewing of  Security
scholarship
 Monitoring process of
the CSDL

Figure 1.1 Paradigm of the Study Showing the Relationship of Variables

Statement of the Problem

The researcher saw that there is a need in rendering duty hours, there

might be cheating occur and inaccessible process to the CSDL staff. The said

problem may also affect the security of the scholars who are generously

rendering their duty hours and unto the monitoring process of the CSDL in their

scholarship.

Objectives

The main objective of the researchers is to design a Database

Management System in Phinma-Cagayan de Oro College that secures the

process of rendering duty hours and renewing of scholarship.

Hypothesis

1. Does Database Management System in the school effective?

2. How efficient is the proposal in securing the rendering duty hours and

renewing of scholarship of the students?

Significance of the Study

This study is on beneficial to the following:

To the Students. This study is beneficial for the students because it will help
them to become more responsible to their duty hours. They will attend every
session of their duty because of the security that monitors their attendance.

To the CSDL Staff. Through this research, the CSDL staff can easily monitor the
student’s status of their scholarship.

To the School. The results of this research could enhance the management of
the school through security measures.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study focuses on the effectiveness of Database Management System

in the school. The respondents are the students of Phinma-Cagayan de Oro
College who are enrolled during the first semester, S.Y, 2017-2018. The total
numbers of respondents covered in this study are the 50 students.
Definition of term

Total rendered hours - 70 hours (in regular semester) and 40 hours (in summer)
are the number of hours to be rendered by the student.

Renewing of scholarship - after rendering the total number of hours, the

database management system will automatically renew the scholarship of the
student.

Monitoring process of the CSDL - the CSDL has the ability to check the account
of the student if they regularly attend their duty.

Efficiency - the recording of duty hours rendered by the student will be exact and
accurate.

Security - since the system is in database, the student can’t manipulate the total
rendered hours. The student cannot cheat their hours rendered.

Easily access - the CSDL can easily access the data and the duty hours
rendered of the students by scanning their barcodes.

Reference

[1] https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/about/programs/scholarship-programs

[2]http://www.truckinginfo.com/channel/drivers/article/story/2016/02/catching-

hours-of-service-cheaters.aspx

[3] https://techterms.com/definition/dbms

[4] http://searchsqlserverht.tecarget.com/definition/database-management-system

[5] http://searchmanufacturingerp.techtarget.com/definition/bar-code

[6] http://searchmanufacturingerp.techtarget.com/definition/bar-code
Conceptual Design

Birth date:
The ID of the student will serve as
their timecard in rendering their Persons to notify in
duty hours and the barcode which was case of emergency:
printed at the back of the ID is Name:
Name: Address:
what the scanner read.
Course:

Front Back

The scanner that was shown in this

figure is the one who reads the
barcode and it will be transmitted to
the pc in order to print the data of the
student.

After printing the data, it will

immediately registered to
the CSDL office to monitor
the accounts of the student.
This might be the
output that may
display in the system.