Project Seminar

on
Optimum Design and Analysis
of Swing Jaw Plate of a Single Toggle
Jaw Crusher

U d th
Under the guidance
id off
Prof. N. Kavi
Presented by
B B V L DEEPAK
Roll No:208ME103
M/c Design & Analysis

Mechanical Engineering Department

National Institute of Technology,
Technology
Rourkela
 Outline of Present Work

1. Introduction and Scope for Study

2 Literature
2. Li R
Review
i
3. Theoretical
heo etical Analysis
nalysis
4. Computational Study
5. Results, Discussion and Conclusion
R f
References
 INTRODUCTION TO JAW CRUSHERS

‰ Primary Crushers
‰ Mechanism: Compression.
‰ Size: Rectangular/Square Opening
‰ For instance,
instance 24 x 36 opening of 24" by 36”
‰ Two jaws,

¾ Stationary
¾ Movable
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF JAW CRUSHER
1) Blake Type Jaw Crusher
C
¾ Larger, rough, blocky as well as
sticky
y rock or ore lumpsp can be
crushed.
¾ Reinforcement of the crusher is
possible with the help of high
strength crusher frame to crush
very hard rock or ore lumps.
¾ It is very simple to adjust to Single-Toggle Jaw Crusher Double-Toggle Jaw Crusher
preventt much h off wear andd also
l
very easy to repair,
¾ Maintenance of the crusher is
very easy.
easy
2) Dodge Type Jaw Crusher
Theyy are comparatively
p y lower in capacity
p y
than the Blake crushers and are more
commonly used in laboratories.
Dodge Type Jaw Crusher
COMPONENTS OF JAW CRUSHER
 JAW CRUSHER WORKING PRINCIPLE

A fixed jaw, mounted in a "V" alignment is the stationary

breaking surface, while the movable jaw exerts force on the
rock by forcing it against the stationary plate.
plate The space at
the bottom of the "V" aligned jaw plates is the crusher
product size gap, or the size of the crushed product from the
jaw crusher. The rock remains in the jaws until it is small
enough to pass through the gap at the bottom of the jaws.
 OBJECTIVE OF PRESENT WORK
9The force distribution is analyzed with the kinematic analysis of
the swinging jaw plate.
9Obtained results from the kinematic analysis
y of the movingg jjaw
and the crushing force distribution analysis, the jaw plates wear is
analyzed on a macroscopic level.
9Design and Analysis of Swing Jaw Plates for Jaw Crusher.
¾Top opening=304 mm
¾B
¾Bottom opening=51
i 51 mm

9 FEM is applied to the analysis of the swing jaw plate& lever.

9 To
T improve the
h strength/weight
h h ratio using stiffener
ff elemen
l ts.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
¾The jaw crushers are used commercially to crush material at first in 1616 as cited
by Anon [1].It is used to simplify the complex engineering.

¾An important experimental contribution was made in 1913 when Taggart [2]
showed that if the hourly tonnage to be crushed divided by Square of the gape
expressed
d in
i inches
i h yields
i ld a quotient
ti t less
l than
th 0.115
0 115 uses a jaw
j crusher.
h

¾Lindqvist M.and Evertsson C. M. [3] worked on the wear in rock of crushers

which causes great costs in the mining and aggregates industry.
industry

¾DeDiemar R.B. [4] gives new ideas in primary jaw crusher design and manufacture of
Jaw crusher utilizing open feed throat concept,
concept power savings and automation features.
features Jaw
crushers with two jaw openings can be considered to be a completely new design.

¾Gupta Ashok and Yan D D.S.

S [6] worked in design of jaw crushers which impart
an impact on a rock particle placed between a fixed and a moving plate.
¾Dowding Charles H. [7] designed jaw plates to reduce efforts to decrease energy
consumed in crushing have lead to consideration of decreasing the weight of the
swing plate of jaw crushers for easily crushed material.

¾Cao Jinxi [9] worked on the certain domain, called the liner domain, of the
coupler plane is chosen to discuss the kinetic characteristic of a liner or a crushing
interface in the domain. Based on the computation and the analysis of the
practical
ti l kinetic
ki ti characteristic
h t i ti off the
th points
i t along
l a liner
li paralleling
ll li t the
to th
direction of coupler line

¾Qin Zhiyu [10] studied different positions of liners in the coupler plane have
different moving features, the motion of points along the liners in the computing
domain is quite different from that of them in the straight-line coupler .
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS
 KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SWINGJAW PLATE
Dimensions and operating parameters When considering the jaw crusher of Figurer,
there are variables of the feed that define the important machine dimensions.
¾ The feed particle sizes of interest are:
1. The size of particle that enters the crusher.
2. The size of particle that can be nipped.
3 The
3. Th size
i off particle
ti l that
th t can fall
f ll through
th h the
th chamber
h b att any time.
ti
4. The size of particle that can fall through the chamber when the
jjaws are open
p as wide as p
possible.
¾ The dimensions defined by those particle sizes are:
1. The gape - the distance between the jaws at the feed opening
2. The closed side set (CSS) - the minimum opening between the jaws during the crushing
cycle (minimum discharge aperture)
3 The
3. Th open side
id sett (OSS) – the
th maximum
i di h
discharge aperture
t
4. The throw – the stroke of the swing jaw and the difference between OSS and CSS.
 Y

V
A(a,b)
a

(90‐Ø) K’
B K

Ø
x
b θ
M N L θ P’

Jaw crusher sketch
O X
U
C
r l k a b n(rpm)
12.0 1085 455.0 45.3 815.4 300
 −mn + (mn) − (n +1)(m −1)
2 2 2

sinθ =
n +1 2

cosθ = m + nsinθ
a + b + r + l − k − 2r(asinφ + bcosφ)
2 2 2 2 2

m=
n +1 2

i φ
a − r sin ∅= Crank angle made by 
n= vertical
b − r cos φ θ= Angle b/w two plates
g / p

0 36 72 108 144 180 216 252 288 324 360

18.89766 19.47334 19.994 20.24856 20.14637 19.74163 19.1922 18.69555 18.42959 18.50073 18.89766
 Points on liner
Points on liner Horizontal
Horizontal  Vertical Displacements
Vertical Displacements
900 Displacements 900

450

750
400 700

600
350

500
450 300
y(mm)

250

mm
300 300
mm

200
150
100
150
0
100
‐100
‐150
50

‐300 300
‐300
0
0 150 300 450 0 120 240 360
0 120 240 360
x(mm) ∅(degrees)
∅(Degrees)
x = u cos θ + (l − v)sin θ + a − r sin φ   d      h  h i l  d 
x and y are the horizontal and 
vertical displacements  in global 
y = u sin θ − (l − v)co s θ + b − rco s φ
co‐ordinates 
6 th point track Horizontal  Vertical 
displacement at 6th displacement at 6th
320
point point
232 320
310
228 310
mm)

mm
m

mm
m
300
y(m

224 300

220 290
290
216 280
0 120 240 360
6 0 120 240 360
6
280 ∅(Degrees) ∅(Degrees)

210 220 230 240

x(mm)
dθ r ⎡ (a + l sin θ ) cos φ + (l cos θ − b) sin φ ⎤
= ⎢ ⎥
dφ l ⎣ a − r sin φ + (b − r cos φ ) ⎦
⎡ dθ dθ ⎤
v = ⎢ (l − v ) cos θ − r cos φ − u sin
i θ ⎥ ω
⎣ dφ dφ ⎦
X

vx= Velocity in X direction
Horizontal Velocities
450

300 1
2
150 3
4
mm/s

0 5
6
‐150
7
8
‐300
9

‐450 10

0 120 240 360 11

∅(Degrees)
 ⎡ dθ dθ ⎤
v = ⎢(l − v) sin θ + r sin φ + u sin θ ⎥ ω
⎣ dφ dφ ⎦
Y

Vy  = Velocity in Y direction
y

Vertical Velocities
600
1

400 2

200 4

5
mm/s

0 6

7
‐200
8

9
‐400
10

11
‐600
0 120 240 360

∅(Degrees)
 ⎡ dθ ⎤ ⎡ dθ ⎤
v = ⎢(l − v) − r cos(φ + θ ) ⎥ ω v = ⎢u + r sin(φ + θ ) ⎥ ω
dφ ⎣ dφ ⎦
V

⎣ ⎦
U

VU = Velocity in U direction
VV = Velocity in V direction

Velocitis in U‐Direction Velocities inV‐Direction
600 450

1 1
400 300
2 2

200 3 150 3

4 4

mm/s
mm/s

0 0 5
5
6 6
‐200 150
‐150
7 7

8 ‐300 8
‐400
9 9

10 ‐450 10
‐600
0 120 240 360 11
0 120 240 360 11
∅(Degrees)
∅(Degrees)
 2
d θ ⎛ dθ ⎞ 2

a X = [ (l − v)cosθ − u sin θ ] 2 − ⎜ ⎟ [(l − v)sin θ + u cosθ ] + r sin φ

d φ ⎝ dφ ⎠

2
d θ ⎛ dθ ⎞2

aY = [ (l − v)sin θ + uco sθ ] 2 + ⎜ ⎟ [(l − v)co sθ − u sin θ ] + rco sφ

dφ ⎝ dφ ⎠

Horizontal Accelerations Vertical Accelerations
1.5E+04 2.0E+04
1 1
1.5E+04
1 0E+04
1.0E+04 2 2
1.0E+04
3 3
5.0E+03
4 5.0E+03
4
mm/s2

mm/s2
0.0E+00 5 0.0E+00 5

5 0E 03
‐5.0E+03 6 ‐5.0E+03
5.0E+03 6
7 ‐1.0E+04 7
‐1.0E+04 8 ‐1.5E+04 8

‐1.5E+04 9 9
‐2.0E+04
0 120 240 360 10 0 120
0 240
40 360 10

∅(Degrees) 11 11
∅(Degrees)
 Velocity & Acceleration
16

Horizontal Velocity
m/s2
mm/s; mm

0 VerticalVelocity

Horizontal Acceleration

‐8
V ti l A l ti
Vertical Acceleration

‐16
0 120 240 360

∅(Degrees)

Due to the connection between the moving jaw velocity and the eccentric
shaft rotational speed, the velocity and the acceleration parameters are relative to
angle ∅, rather than time t.
 ⎡ d 2θ ⎧ dθ ⎫ ⎤ 2 ⎡ d 2θ ⎧ dθ ⎫⎤ 2
∴ aU = ⎢ (l − v) + r sin(θ + φ ) ⎨1 + ⎬⎥ ω ∴ aV = ⎢u + rco s(θ + φ ) ⎨1 + ⎬⎥ ω
⎢⎣ d φ ⎩ d φ ⎭ ⎥⎦ ⎣⎢ dφ ⎩ dφ ⎭⎥⎦
au is the acceleration in U‐Direction
And av is the acceleration in V‐Direction

Accelerations in U‐direction Acceleratios in V‐Direction
1.5E+04 1.5E+04

1 1
1.0E+04 1.0E+04
2 2

5.0E+03 3 5.0E+03 3
4 4
mm/s2

mm/s2
0.0E+00 5 0.0E+00 5
6 6
‐5.0E+03 ‐5.0E+03
7 7

‐1.0E+04 8 ‐1.0E+04 8
9 9
‐1.5E+04 10 ‐1.5E+04 10
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 0 120 240 360
11 11
∅(Degrees) ∅(Degrees)
 SQUEEZING PROCESS:

• The force on the particle during the squeezing process is shown in the Fig. Since the horizon
and the vertical velocities of the moving jaw are variable during the squeezing process, the forces
on the particle are also variable in different stage.

• When the component of the vertical velocity in the moving jaw plate direction is bigger than that
of the horizontal velocity in the same direction, the forces on the particle are shown in Fig (a).

• When the component

p off the vertical velocityy in the jjaw p
plate direction is smaller than that off the
horizon velocity, the forces on the particle are shown in Fig (b). Because the gravitational force is
much smaller than others, it can be ignored.
Equilibrium under Fig. (a) condition for the particle will require

Horizontal direction:

Vertical direction:

Given that the slide first takes place between the  Particle and 
the moving jaw plate. The friction coefficient is μ

The friction coefficient between the particle and the fixed jaw plate 
will be μ’
By solving the above equations we can obtain

and

It is inconsistent to the assumption
 Given that the slide first takes place between the particle and the 
fixed jaw plate and the friction coefficient is μ

The friction coefficient between the particle and the moving jaw 
plate will be μ’

By solving the above equations we can obtain

And 

It is rational.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY FOR 
SWINGING JAW
PLATE AND SWINGING LEVER
 Design of Swing Jaw Plates
Height of jaw plate ≈ 4.0 x Gape
Height of jaw plate(L) = 1200mm
Width of jaw plate > 1.3 x Gape
Width of jaw (w) = 900mm
< 3.0 x Gape
Throw ((T)) = 50mm
Throw(T) = 0.0502(Gape)0.85

Model A B C D E F Weight(Ton)

300X400 400 300 1050 1180 1300 700 2.8

300Χ600 600 300 1750 1680 1680 950 6.5
300X750 750 300 2050 1930 1850 1150 12
300Χ900 900 300 1850 2490 2350 1500 17.5
Dimensional Chart for Jaw Crusher
 Solid Modeling of Swing Jaw Plates & Pitman

Fig. Swinging jaw plate with one Fig. swinging jaw plate with
stiffeners three
ee stiffeners
s e es

Fig. swinging jaw plate

with two stiffeners
Fig. swinging lever of the
single toggle jaw crusher
Swing Jaw Plates & Pitman Static Stress Analysis Using CATIA

Assumptions

¾ A static analysis calculates the effects of steady loading

conditions on a structure, while ignoring inertia and damping
effects, such as those caused by time-varying loads.

¾Here analysis is based on the assumption that the point load

strength of the disk and irregularly shaped particles to be equal
andd tensile
t il point
i t loads
l d off different
diff t particle
ti l sizes
i are acting
ti normall
to the plate.
 Features of Generative Structural Analysis as FEA Tool

Usingg CATIA V5 the overall process

p for
f FEA can be subdivided into
smaller steps shown in Fig.4.7. These steps are explained below.

1. Pre - processing
i 3 Post-
3. P t Processing
P i

2. computation 4. Mesh Refinement

5. Report Generation
1. Pre-Processing :
This will involve the complex physical structure to be converted into an equivalent Finite Element model.
Thi will
This ill be
b followed
f ll d by
b applying
l i the
th material
t i l properties
ti tot the
th model.
d l There
Th are five
fi structural
t t l properties,ti Young’s
Y ’
Modulus, Poisson Ratio, Density and Yield Strength.

Youngs Yield Poisions Density

Structure Material used
modulus(GPa) strength(MPa) ratio (Kg/m3)
Swinging jaw Martensitic steel
210 550 0.266 7860
plate (C-1.1%, Mn-13%)
Austenite steel
Lever (C-0.04%, Mn-0.7%, Cr-13%, 200 300 0.266 7860
Ni-4%,Mo-0.8% )
 Next step within pre-processing applying the boundary conditions and
restraining to the FE model. And finally conversion of actual loads to equivalent
FE Loads.
one end of the pitman is hinged to the eccentric shaft and other
end is connected is to the toggle plate.

Fig.3.29 Tetrahedron Element in Global xyz- System

Fig. Boundary conditions to the pitman
2. Computation
p
In computation step the standard FE solutions procedures uses data
provided by pre-processing step and then solves the FE model to find out the
unknown displacement values.
3. Post-Processing
Using the values of displacement computed in pervious step strain and stresses
are calculated for the whole structure.
4. Mesh Refinement Iteration
In order to get a more accurate solution, the mesh needs to be refined
and the computation is to be done.
5 Report
5. R t Generation
G ti
Once the required accuracy level is achieved, various plots such as
sp ace e t, Principal
Displacement, c pa st
stress,
ess, Von-Misses
o sses St
Stress
ess ca
can be obta
obtained.
ed
 Analysis
y for Optimizing
p g the Toggle
gg Plate Width
Analysis is performed for assembled structure of swinging jaw plate with
swinging lever for a conventional single toggle jaw crusher with constant toggle
plate thickness and length.

Fig. Toggle Plate of the jaw crusher

™ Analysis has been carried out at the width of the toggle plate is considered at
100, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 900mm.
Fig. Von Misses Stress and Displacement for the Toggle plate width of 200mm
Fig. Von Misses Stress and Displacement for the Toggle plate width of 800mm
 Table. Von Misses stress and displacements at various sizes of the Toggle Plate widths.

Width of the Toggle 100 200 400 600 800 900

Plate(mm)
Von Misses Stress(N/mm2) 447 246 188 137 98.6 97.7
Displacement (mm) 0.311 0.262 0.212 0.18 0.164 0.16

500
0.35
400 0.3
03
0.25
/mm2

300

mm
0.2
200 0 15
0.15
N/

0.1
100 0.05
0 0
100 200 400 600 800 900 100 200 400 600 800 900

mm mm
Fig. Von Misses stresses vs toggle plate width Fig. displacements vs toggle plate width
 Analysis for Optimizing the Toggle Plate Location

A l i h
Analysis has b f d ,locating
been performed l ti th
the ttoggle
l plate
l t att position
iti off
0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300mm form bottom surface of the pitman.
125 0.18

100 0.15
0.12
75

mm
0.09

m
N/mm2

50 0.06

25 0.03
0
0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
mm mm

TOGGLE PLATE 
TOGGLE PLATE
LOCATION 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

DISPLACEMENT 0.0842 0.0776 0.0765 0.102 0.128 0.14 0.164

VONMISSES
STRESS 90.8 79.5 54 73 65.2 89.1 98.6
Fig. Von Misses Stress and Displacement ,Toggle plate located at bottom
Fig. Von Misses Stress and Displacement ,Toggle plate located at 100mm from bottom
 Analysis by Considering Stiffeners to the
Swinging Jaw Plate

Fig. swinging jaw plate with one stiffener, two stiffeners, three stiffeners

Number of stiffeners Von Misses stress(N/mm2) Displacement(deformation)(mm)

1 158 0 836
0.836
2 68.3 0.145
3 53.9 0.0883
Fig. Von Misses Stress and Displacement ,using two stiffeners
 Validation of Results
Table. represents the comparison of results for deformations produced by
Chrlesh H. Dowding model and present model, without considering stiffeners.

Thickness of the plate Deformation by Deformation by % of Error

(mm) Chrlesh H. Dowding Present model (mm)
(mm)
140 0.292 0.311 6.1%
152 0.226 0.238 5.04%
RESULTS , DISCUSSION
& CONCLUSION
1. Force Distribution along the Liner:

The distribution of the forces along the liner can be calculated by the product of mass
of the swinging jaw plate and the resultant acceleration produced by the jaw plate at various
points on the liner .

F=M √(ax2 +ay2 )

Where   ax=horizontal  acceleration   &   ay=vertical acceleration

Resultant Acceleration 1
2.0E+04

1 6E+04
1.6E+04 2

3
mm/s2

1.2E+04
m

8 0E+03
8.0E+03 4
4.0E+03
5
0 0E+00
0.0E+00
6
0 120 240 360
∅(Degrees)
2. Wear Analysis:
y

• Jaw plates wear is determined by the close process. Two key factors
in this process affecting the jaw plates wear are squeezing and sliding.

• At present, the high manganese steel is widely used as the jaw plate
material, which has the outstanding work hardening character. By scanning
the worn jaw plates, it is found that the sliding is the main factor to the jaw
plates wear and the sufficient squeezing can even relieve the jaw plate wear.

• For the same jaw crusher, the slide between the particle and the
fixed jaw plate is more than that between the particle and the moving jaw
plate, so the wear of the fixed jaw plate is more serious relative to the moving
jaw plate wear.
 3. Optimization of Width and Location of Toggle Plate:
™ While the material is nipping in the crushing chamber toggle supports the
swinging lever at bottom end it means toggle plate is more affected during the
crushing.
™ By performing finite element analysis on the assembled system of swinging
jjaw pplate and p
pitman ffor a typical
yp PE 300x900 series type
yp jjaw crusher, it is ffound
that the optimal value of the toggle width is 800mm at which the Von Misses stresses
are approaching to asymptotic value at 98.6 N/mm2 and the deformation is
0.164mm.
™ For a conventional PE 300x900 series type jaw crusher, toggle plate is
located approximately at 300mm from the bottom of the pitman. But analysis gives
the optimal value of toggle plate location is 100mm above form the bottom of the
pitman and the Von Misses and deformation obtained are 54N/mm2 and 0.0765mm.
4. Optimization of Mass of the Swinging Jaw Plate
Using stiffeners, strength to weight ratio of the jaw plate can be
increased. Analysis has been performed on the assembled structure when
swinging
g g jjaw p
plate is having
g without stiffener,
ff one stiffener,
ff two stiffeners
ff and
three stiffeners.
 No of stiffeners Von Misses stress Deformation Mass of the jaw plate
(N/mm2) (mm) (kg)
0 54 0.0765 1018.314
1 158 0.836 701.882
2 68.3 0.145 739.683
3 53.9 0.0883 776.683

% of mass reduced= (mass of jaw plate without stiffeners- mass of jaw

plate with three stiffeners)) *100/ mass of jjaw p
p plate
without stiffeners
= (1081.314-776.683)*100/1018.314

= 23.73%
Conclusion
1. A certain domain of the coupler plane and some points are chosen on the crushing interface or
the liner. Based on the computation and the analysis of the practical kinematic characteristic of
the points along the liner domain,
domain some traditional motion parameters are calculated.
calculated
According to the requirement for the squeezing motion of different zone in the crushing
chamber, the chamber geometry can be improved.

2. The movement of the moving jaw crusher is described in detail. The force distribution is
analyzed with the different operational parameters, so the distribution feature of the force on
the liner is obtained. The job is helpful for a design of new prototype of this kind of machine on
optimizing the frame, designing the chamber and recognizing the crushing character.

3. Results obtained from the movement analyses of the moving jaw and the crushing force
distribution analysis, the jaw plates wear is analyzed. The relationship between the slide and
the wear is reasonable and some results of the wear analysis are validated in practice.
Predicting the jaw plates wear on a macroscopic level will be helpful to the jaw crusher design
for better performance.
4
4. Finite element analysis of swing jaw plates is carried out,
out using four - noded tetrahedral
element to predict the optimized width and the location of the toggle plate, when it is
subjected to point loading under simply supported boundary conditions.

5. The stiffened plate models which leads to reductions in plate weight and indicates that
design of new energy-efficient systems of the crushed material.

6. In case stiffened jaw plates as the number of stiffener increases the strength/weight ratio of
the jaw plate increases making it stronger than that of without stiffener.

7. The stiffened plate models which leads to 25% saving in energy, of course this 25% is an
estimate for a typical 600*900 series jaw crusher.

8. Rock strength has only been of interest because of the need to know the maximum force
exerted by the toggle for energy considerations. Thus a swing plate, stiff enough to crush
taconite may be overdesigned for crushing a softer fragmental limestone.
taconite, limestone
 REFERENCES
1. Anon “Design of Jaw Crusher Avoids Toggles”, Minerals Engineering, Volume3, Issue
6, March 1999 Pages571-580.

2. Taggart, Arthur F “Hand Book of Ore Dressing”, John Willey & Sons Inc, 1998, Pages
255-280.

3. Lindqvist M., Evertsson C. M. “Liner wear in jaw crushers”, Minerals Engineering,

Volume 16, Issue 1, January 2003, Pages 1-12.

4 D
4. DeDiemar
Di RB
R.B. “N
“New concepts
t ini Jaw
J C h
Crusher t h l ” Minerals
technology”, Mi l
Engineering,Volume 3, Issues 1-2, 1990, Pages 67-74.

5. Russell A.R., Wood D. M. “Point load tests and strength

g measurements ffor brittle
Spheres”, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Volume 46,
Issue 2, February 2009,Pages272-280.

6 Gupta Ashok,
6. Ashok Yan D D.S.
S “Mineral
Mineral Processing Design and Operation
Operation-An
An introduction
introduction”,
Published by Elsevier, 2006, Pages 99-127.
7. Dowding Charles H, Molling R, Ruhl C," Application of point load-deformation
relationships
l ti hi andd design
d i off jaw
j crusher
h plates”,
l t ” International
I t ti l Journal
J l off Rock
R k
Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics, Volume 20, Issue 2, April 1983,Pages
277-286.

8. Zhiyu Qin, Ximin Xu, “A Method of Optimization of the Mechanism of Compound

Swing Jaw Crusher”, Journal of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Institute, July1992.
Pages 255-263.

9. Cao Jinxi, Qin Zhiyu, Wang Guopeng, “Investigation on Kinetic Features of Multi-
Liners in Coupler Plane of Single Toggle Jaw Crusher”, Journal of Taiyuan Heavy
Machinery Institute, July200.Pages 210-219.

10. Cao Jinxi, Rong Xingfu, Yang Shichun, “Jaw Plate Kinematical Analysis For Single
Toggle Jaw crusher Design”, Journal of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Institute,
2006 Pages 62-66
2006.Pages
Thank You