Example 5.

2 page1/7
Ref. Calculation Output
Specification beff
w kN/m
hf
lo h

Nominal cover concrete = 30 mm

Span, lo = 6.0 m bw
Slab thickness = 100 mm
Characteristic Actions:
Finishes etc. = 1.5 kN/m
Variable, Qk = 3.0 kN/m
Design Life = 50.0 Years (Table 2.1 EN 1990)
Fire Resistance = R60 (Sec. 5 EN 1992-1-2)
Table 4.1 Exposure Classes = XC1
Materials :
2
3.1.2(3) Chac. strength of concrete, fck = 25 N/mm (Table F.1 EN 206)
2
3.2.2(2) Chac. strength of steel, fyk = 500 N/mm
3
Unit weight of brickwork = 2.6 kN/mm
3
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25 kN/mm (Table A.1 EN 1991-1)
Assumed:
Øbar1 = 25 mm
Øbar2 = 12 mm
Ølink = 6 mm
Design beam B/1-2
SIZE
bw = 250 mm
hf = 100 mm
h = 450 mm
b1 = 1875 mm
b2 = 1125 mm
lo = 6000 mm

beff, i = 0.2b i + 0.1l o ≤ 0.2l o 0.2l o = 1200

= 0.2b 1 + 0.1lo = (0.2 x 1875) + (0.1 x 6000)
= 975 mm < 0.2lo beff, 1 = 975

= 0.2b 2 + 0.1lo = (0.2 x 1125) + (0.1 x 6000)

= 825 mm < 0.2lo beff, 2 = 825

b = b1 + b 2 + b w = 1875 + 1125 + 250

= 3250 mm

Effective flange width,

beff, = Σ beff, i + bw ≤ b
= 975 + 825 + 250
= 2050 mm < 3250 OK

Page 1 of 7
 page 2/7
Ref. Calculation Output
LOADING & ANALYSIS
Loads on slab:
Slab selfweight = (0.10 x 25) = 2.50 kN/m2
Finishes etc. = 1.50 kN/m2
2
Characteristic permanent action, Gk = 4.00 kN/m
2
Characteristic variable action, Qk = 3.00 kN/m

Table A1.2B: Loading on slab:

EN 1990
A B C
4000 2500

w1 w2

250 x 450
600
0

Loading on beam:
Permanent load ;

w1 = nLx/6 [3 - (lx/ly)2] w2 = nLx/2 ly = 6

= 2.67 x 2.6 = 10.00 / 2.0 lx = 4
= 6.81 kN/m = 5.00 kN/m

Beam selfweight, w3 = (0.45 - 0.10) x 0.25 x 25 ly = 6

= 2.19 kN/m lx = 2.5

Brickwall, w4 = 2.6 x 3
= 7.8 kN/m

Variable load ;

w1 = nLx/6 [3 - (lx/ly)2] w2 = nLx/2

= 2.00 x 2.6 = 7.50 / 2.0
= 5.11 kN/m = 3.75 kN/m

Total design acrion on beam B/1-2, wd

= (1.35 x 21.80) + ( 1.5 x 8.86)
= 42.72 kN/m

Shear Force, V = w d Leff/2

= (42.72 x 6.00) / 2
= 128 kN

Bending Moment, M = w d Leff2/8

= (42.72 x 6.00 x 6.00) / 8
= 192 kNm
Page 2 of 7
 page 3/7
Ref. Calculation Output
MAIN REINFORCEMENT
Effective depth,
d = h - C nom -Ø link - Ø bar1 = 401.5 mm
d' = C nom + Ølink + Øbar2/2 = 42 mm

MED = 192 kNm

Mf = 0.567f ck bh f (d-0.5h f )
= 0.567 x 25 x 250 x 100 x (402 - 50)
= 124.56 kNm

M < Mf neutral axis in the flange

K = M/fckbd2
6 2
= 192. x 13 / 25 x 2050 x 401.5
= 0.023

z = d[0.5 + (0.25-K/1.134) ]
= 401.5 [0.5 + (0.25 - 0.023/ 1.134)
= 393.08

Area of tension compression steel

As = M / 0.87fykz
6
= 192. x 13 / 0.87 x 500 x 393.1
2
= 1124 mm Use : 4H 20
( 1257 mm2)
9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,
As, min = 0.26 (fctm / fyk) bd
= 0.26 (2.6 / 500) bd
= 0.0014 bd > 0.0013 bd Use : 0.0014 bd
= 0.0014 250 x 402
2
= 136 mm OK

As, max = 0.04 bh

= 0.04 x 250 x x 450
2
= 4500 mm OK

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Design shear force,
V ED = 128 kN

6.2.3 Concrete strut capacity

V RD, max = 0.36b w df ck (1-f ck /250)/(cot Ө + tan Ө)
= 0.36 x 250 x 401.5 x 25 (1- 25 / 250) 25/250 = 0.1
(cotӨ + tanӨ)

= 282 kN 22 0 cot 22 = 2.5 cot = 1/tan

0
= 407 kN 45 cot 45 = 1.0

V ED < V RD, max cot Ө = 2.5 , Ө = 22 0

V ED < V RD, max cot Ө = 1.0 , Ө = 45 0
0
Therefore angle, Ө = 22
Page 3 of 7
 page 4/7
Ref. Calculation Output
Shear links
Asw/s = VED / 0.78fyk d cotӨ
3
= 128 x 10 / 0.78 x 500 x 401.5 x 2.5
= 0.331

Try link : H6 Asw = 57 mm2

Spacing, s = 57 / 0.331 = 171 mm

Use :
9.2.2(6) Max. spacing, smax = 0.75d = 301 mm H6 - 125

9.2.2(5) Minimum links

Asw/s = 0.08fck1/2 bw / fyk
= 0.08 x (25) 1/2 x 250 / 500
= 0.200

Try link : H6 Asw = 57 mm2

Spacing, s = 57 / 0.200
= 283 mm < 301 mm Use :
H6 - 250
Shear resistance of minimum links
Vmin = (Asw/s)(0.78 d fyk cotӨ)
= (57 / 250) (0.78 x 401.5 x 500 x 2.5)
= 88 kN

Links arrangement
x = (128 - 88) / 42.72
128 kN = 0.95 m
88 kN

x 88 kN
128.174 kN

0.95 m 4.10 m 0.95 m

6.2.3(7) Additional longitudinal reinforcement

Additional tensile force,
∆Ftd = 0.5VED cotӨ
= 0.5 x 128 x x 2.5)
= 159 kN

Additional tension reinforcement,

As = ∆Ftd / 0.87fyk Use :
= 159 x / 103 0.87 x 500 4H 12
2 2
= 365 mm (452 mm )

Page 4 of 7
 page 5/7
Ref. Calculation Output
6.2.4 Tranverse steel in the flange
The longitudinal shear stresses are the greatest over a distance ∆x measured from the zero
moment
∆x = 0.5(L/2) = 1500 mm

The change in moment over distance ∆x from zero moment,

∆M = (wL/2)(L/4) - (wL/4)(L/8)
= 3wL2/32
= 144 kNm

The change of longitudinal force,

∆Fd = [∆M/(d-0.5hf)] x [(b-bw)/2b]
= 144 x 103 (2050 - 250)
x
401.5 - 50 (2 x 2050)
= 180 kN

Longitudinal shear stress,

v Ed = ∆Fd/(hf∆x)
3
= 180 x 10 / (100 X 1500)
= 1.201 N/mm2

6.2.4(6) v Ed > 0.27fctk = 0.27 x 1.8 = 0.486 N/mm2

=> Tranverse steel reinforcement is required

Concrete strut capacity in the flange

v Ed, max = 0.4fck(1-fck/250) / (cot Ө + tan Ө)
= 0.4 x 25 x (1- 25 / 250) 25/250 = 0.1
(cotӨ + tanӨ)

0
v Ed = 3.59 kN 26.5 cot 27 = 2.0 tan 270 = 0.510
0
v Ed = 5.96 kN 45 cot 45 = 1.0

v Ed < v Ed, max cot 26.5

v Ed < v Ed, max cot 45

0
Therefore angle Ө = 26.5

Tranverse shear reinforcement

Asf/sf = v EDhf / 0.87fyk cotӨ
= 1.20 x 100 / 0.87 x 500 x 2.0
= 0.138

Try link : H 10 Asf = 78.55 mm2

Spacing, sf = 78.55 / 0.138 = 569 mm

9.2.1(1) Minimum tranverse steel area,

As,min = 0.26(fctm/fyk)bhf
= 0.26 x (2.60 / 500) bhf
= 0.00135 bhf Use:
= 0.00135 x 1000 x 100 H10 -450
2
= 135.2 mm2 (157 mm )
Page 5 of 7
 page 6/7
Ref. Calculation Output
7.4 DEFLECTION
Percentage of required tension reinforceent,
ρ = As req / bd
= 1124 / x 250 x 401.5
= 0.011

Reference reinforcement ratio,

1/2
ρo = (fck)1/2 x 10-3 = (25) x 10-3
= 0.005

Percentage of required compression reinforceent,

ρ' = As' req / bd
= 0 / x 250 x 401.5
= 0.000 Use : 1.0

Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K = 1.0

ρ > ρo

1/2 1/2
= 1.0 [ 11 + 1.5 (25) 0.005 / ( 0.011 - 0.000 ) (25) = 5.00
1/2 1/2
+ (1/12) (25) (0.000 / 0.005)
= 1.0 [11 + 3.35 + 0.00 ]
= 14.35

Modification factor for span LESS than 7 m

= 1

Modification factor for steel area provided,

= As prov / As req
= 1257 / 1124
= 1.12 < 1.5

Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,

l/d = 14.35 x 1.00 x 1.12

= 16.04

Actual span-effective depth,

= 6000 / 401.5
= 14.94 ≤ l/d OK

Page 6 of 7
 page 7/7
Ref. Calculation Output
7.3 CRACKING
Table 7.1N Limitting crack width, w max = 0.4 mm
Steel stress,

= (500 / 1.15) x [(21.80 + (0.3 x 8.86))/ 42.72] x 1.0

2
= 249 N/mm

Table 7.3 N Max. allowable bar spacing = 250 mm

Bar spacing,
s = [b - 2c -(No. of bar xØbar)-(2Ølink)]/ (No. of bar -1)
= 250 - 2(30) - 3(2) - 2(6) / 1 s
= 86 < 250 mm OK

DETAILING

1 2
6000

H6-125 H6-250 H6-150

2H20
2H20
H10-450

BEAM B/1-2
450

250

Page 7 of 7