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Lab 1

Danny and Michelle conducted an experiment to separate and purify organic liquids using distillation. They distilled a pure liquid, ethyl acetate, and a binary mixture. For the pure liquid, the temperature remained constant near 70°C, matching the boiling point of ethyl acetate. The binary mixture had varying temperatures throughout distillation. Distillation involves heating a liquid to its boiling point to produce vapors that condense and collect, separating the components by differences in their boiling points.

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Danny Bellendir
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842 views

Lab 1

Danny and Michelle conducted an experiment to separate and purify organic liquids using distillation. They distilled a pure liquid, ethyl acetate, and a binary mixture. For the pure liquid, the temperature remained constant near 70°C, matching the boiling point of ethyl acetate. The binary mixture had varying temperatures throughout distillation. Distillation involves heating a liquid to its boiling point to produce vapors that condense and collect, separating the components by differences in their boiling points.

Uploaded by

Danny Bellendir
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Danny Bellendir

Lab Partner: Michelle Alvarez

Distillation: Separation and Purification of Organic


Liquids
I. Introduction:
In this experiment, we used the technique, distillation, in order to separate and
purify two liquids. In order to do so, the liquid was heated to its boiling point and the
vapors were conducted to a cooling device, allowing them to condense and be
collected.

II. Procedure:

We first set up the distillation apparatus. This apparatus was setup as follows: a
50mL round bottomed flask was filled with 15mL of the pure liquid, along with a
boiling stone. A thermometer was was placed into the top of the flask and we
ensured that it was positioned below the side arm of the condenser. The condenser
was then attached to the distillation head and the lower part was attached to a
graduated receiever. Once set up, we connected tubes of the condenser to the
water and let the water flow. Once the apparatus was checked by the T.A., we
started the distillation of the pure liquid. We turned the heat on and watched the
graduated receiver and recorded the temperature when the distillate was at 1, 3, 5,
7, 9, and 11 mL. After, we washed the flask and allowed it to cool before starting
the 2nd distillation. We did the same thing for the binary mixture but recorded the
temperature at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 mL.

III. Table of Physical Constants

Chemical Chemical Formula Boiling Point (°C)

Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H5 77.0

Butyl acetate C6H12O2 126.0

IV. Data Table

Part 1 (Pure Liquid)


Quantity
Distilled, 1 3 5 7 9 11
(mL)

Temperat
66.
ure 62 69 70 70 69
5
(°C)
Part 2 (Binary Mixture)
Quantity
Distilled, 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
(mL)

Temperat
54. 63.
ure 56 59 61 66 79 87 90
5 5
(°C)

V. Discussion:

The objective of the experiment was to distill a pure liquid and see that the
boiling point is constant and secondly, distill a two-component mixture. From the
results, it can be determined that the pure liquid in part one of the experiment is
ethyl acetate. The known boiling point of ethyl acetate is 77.0°C and the
temperature, when it started to become consistent was nearer to that number that
the binary mixture. Initially, the temperature was lower and there are a few reasons
that can explain this. First, it is possible that the flask was too close to the heating
device and caused the liquid to heat too quickly. Along with this, when adjusting the
heat, we turned it up initially from 50 to near 70. It would have been better to
slowly raise the heat. However, near the end of the distillation, the temperature was
consistent.

VI. Questions:

1.

2. From the distillation curve, the volume of liquid boiling below 85°C would
be 12mL.

3. The boiling point of ethyl acetate is 77°C and the temperatureof the pure
liquid was near constant at around 70°C. Therefore, the pure liquid would be
identified as ethyl acetate.

4. Some mixtures boil at a rate that does not distill any one compound faster
than the other. These mixtures are known as azerotropes. Azerotropes is a mixture
of two or more liquids in a specific composition that cannot be changed using
simple distillation.
5. Reducing the atmospheric pressure would decrease the boiling point of a
liquid. As the lab manual states, “boiling point of a liquid is that temperature at
which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the pressure exerted by its
surroundings.” Therefore, if the surrounding pressure is lower, the b.p. must be
lower as well. Secondly, if there is less pressure from the atmosphere on the surface
of a liquid, the molecules of the liquid escape much easily.

6. The reason a pure liquid in a distilling flask does not vaproize all at once is
due to phase changes and the requirement of energy to change from each phase.
There may be enough energy to bring the liquid to boil, but more energy is needed
for vaporization to occur and for the liquid to go into the gaseous state.

7. It is dangerous to heat a liquid in a distilling apparatus that is closed and


has no vent to the atmosphere because it can cause the apparatus to break. When
heating and distilling the liquid, the pressure increases as well as the temperature.
Without openings or vents, the pressure and temperature can build to a point that
will make the apparatus break.

8. The purpose of the condenser jacket is to ensure cooling during the


distillation process. The difference in temperature between the cool water in the
condenser and the liquid being distilled is what causes the heat exchange during
distillation. Because the water enters through the lower end, the condenser will
always be filled with cool water. If it entered through the upper end, the liquid in the
condenser would not remain cool and the water would be warmer as it went toward
the lower end of the condenser.

9. A distilling flask should be filled to not more than two-thirds of its


capacity at the beginning of a distillation procedure because when the liquid is first
heated, there needs to be room for the steam to rise. If there is too much liquid,
when taking the temperature, the thermometer may detect more heat initially,
skewing the results and the distillation process.

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