Reactii
Reactii
Reactii
Reacţia de reducere:
etc.
O
C H
CH 2OH CH 2OH CH 2OH
H - C - OH
HO - C - H +2H H - C - OH
HO - C - H
+
2H C =O
+2H HO - C - H
HO - C - H HO - C - H
H - C - OH H - C - OH H - C - OH
H - C - OH
H - C - OH H - C - OH H - C - OH H - C - OH
CH 2OH CH 2OH CH 2OH CH 2OH
Glucoza Sorbitol Fructoza Manitol
Reactii de oxidare:
COOH
I
(CHOH)4 (oxidare blanda)
I
CH2OH
acid gluconic
CHO COOH
I I
(CHOH)4 (CHOH)4 (oxidare energica)
I I
CH2OH COOH
glucoza acid glucozaharic
CHO
I
(CHOH)4 (oxidare menajata)
I
COOH
acid glucuronic
Aditia HCN:
CN COOH
H-C=O I I
HOH
I (H-C-OH) 5 +2 (H-C-OH) 5
(H-C-OH) 4 + HCN I -NH 3 I
I CH 2OH
CH 2OH CH 2OH
COOH H-C=O
(H - C - OH) 5 + 2H (H - C - OH) 5
CH 2OH - H2O CH 2OH
Acid heptonic Aldoheptoza
Reactia de eterificare:
H OH
H OH
1C
1C
H-C-O-CH3 O
H-C-OH O 4 CH3 I + 2Ag2O
CH3-O-C-H +4 AgI +2 HOH
HO-C-H
H-C-O-CH3
H-C-OH
H-C
H-C
CH2-O-CH3
CH2OH
D-glucopiranoza Tetra-O-metil-glucopiranoza
Deshidratarea ozelor:
H H
HC CH
HO - C - C - OH H2SO4 conc.
H-C C-H HC CH - C = O
- 3H O
H OH OH C = O 2 H
H O
Aldopentoza Furfural
H H
HO - C - C - OH H 2SO 4 conc. HC CH
H-C C-H C
- 3H 2O C-C=O
HO - CH 2 OH OH C = O
H
H CH 2OH O
Aldohexoza Hidroximetil - furfural
Degradari fermentative:
Oxidarea maltozei:
CH 2OH CH 2OH
CH 2OH CH 2OH
H O H H O H H O H H C - OH
H H oxidare H H
H COOH
HO OH H OH H OH OH H
O OH HO O
H OH H OH H OH H OH
Caramelizarea
1600c
Zaharoza(C12H22O11) Glucoza(C6H12O6) + Levulozan(C6H10O5)
1800c
Glucoza(C6H12O6) Glucozan(C6H10O5)+ H2O
0
Glucozan(C6H10O5)+ Levulozan(C6H10O5) 1900c Izoharan(C H O ) 190 cCaramelan(C H O )
12 20 10 12 20 10
-2H2O
0
Caramelan(C12H20O10)+ Izoharan(C12H20O10) + 3H2O 190 C Caramelen (C H O )
36 50 25
Reactii lipide:
Saponificarea:
CH 2 - O - OC - R CH 2 - OH
CH - O - OC - R +3NaOH CH - OH + 3 R - COONa
CH 2 - O - OC - R NNNaOH CH 2 - OH
CH 2 - O - OC - R CH2OH
CH - O - OC - R1 H2O CH - O - OC - R1 H2O
CH 2 - O - OC - R2 - RCOOH CH2 - O - OC - R 2 - R2 - COOH
Triglicerida Diglicerida
CH2OH CH 2 - OH
CH - O - OC - R 1 H2O
CH - OH
CH2OH - R 1 - COOH CH2 - OH
Monoglicerida Glicerol
Hidrogenarea lipide:
Halogenarea lipide:
Hexaiodtristearina
Acroleina
CH2 CH2
CH2 - OH C CH
HO - C - H KHSO 4 taut.
H - C - OH CHO
H - C - OH - 2 H2O
H Enol nestabil Acroleina
n
Glicerol
Rancezirea
CH 2 - O - OC - R CH2OH
CH - O - OC - R1 H2O CH - O - OC - R1 H2O
CH 2 - O - OC - R2 - RCOOH CH2 - O - OC - R 2 - R2 - COOH
Triglicerida Diglicerida
CH2OH CH 2 - OH
CH - O - OC - R 1 H2O
CH - OH
CH2OH - R 1 - COOH CH2 - OH
Monoglicerida Glicerol
`
Formarea hidroperoxizilor
11 10 9 8
CH3 (CH2)6 CH2 CH CH CH2 (CH2)6 COOH + O2
acidul oleic
11 10 9 8
CH3 (CH2)6 CH CH CH CH2 (CH2)6 COOH
11 10 9 8
CH3 (CH2)6 CH2 CH CH CH (CH2)6 COOH
11 10 9 8
CH3 (CH2)6 CH CH CH CH2 (CH2)6 COOH
11 10 9 8
CH3 (CH2)6 CH2 CH CH CH (CH2)6 COOH
C5H11
tripentil trioxanul
( CH )
2
4
CH2-(CH2)4-CH3
CH2
CH=CH-(CH2)5-CH3
CH=CH-(CH2)5-CH3
+
(CH2)7-COOH
CH2-(CH2)6-COOH
CH2-(CH2)6-COOH CH2