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Automatized Railway Gate Controller: Project Guide

This document describes an automated railway gate controller project that aims to avoid accidents caused by human negligence at railway crossings. It uses infrared transmitters and receivers placed on either side of the crossing to detect when a train approaches and leaves. When the front receiver is activated, the gate closes, and when the back receiver is activated after the train passes, the gate opens. The system modulates signals using amplitude shift keying and operates using a microcontroller and infrared transmission to automatically control the railway gate.

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Kande Archana K
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107 views15 pages

Automatized Railway Gate Controller: Project Guide

This document describes an automated railway gate controller project that aims to avoid accidents caused by human negligence at railway crossings. It uses infrared transmitters and receivers placed on either side of the crossing to detect when a train approaches and leaves. When the front receiver is activated, the gate closes, and when the back receiver is activated after the train passes, the gate opens. The system modulates signals using amplitude shift keying and operates using a microcontroller and infrared transmission to automatically control the railway gate.

Uploaded by

Kande Archana K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AUTOMATIZED RAILWAY GATE

CONTROLLER

Project Guide :
 The aim of this project is to automatize the railway crossings in
order to avoid accidents due to human negligence.

 To control the opening or closing of gate two reference points


are required to be fixed at either side of crossing. RF1 and RF2
are the two reference points at which actuation for closing and
opening of gate respectively are to be initiated. When the train
approaches RF1, the gate is closed and when train levels RF2,
gate is opened and vice-versa.
 This project utilizes two powerful IR transmitters and two receivers: one
pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at up side (from where the train
comes) at a level higher than a human being in exact alignment and
similarly the other pair is fixed at down side of the train direction.
 When foreside receiver gets activated, the gate motor is turned on in one
direction and the gate is closed and stays closed until the train crosses the
gate and reaches aft side sensors. When aft side receiver gets activated
motor turns in opposite direction and gate opens and motor stops.
 The reference point settings depend on the following factors:
1. Minimum breaking distance.
2. Speed allowed on that particular track.
3. Road traffic density, so as to clear the traffic before actually the gate is
closed.
 Modulation used: ASK(Amplitude Shift Keying)
 ASK is a form of amplitude modulation that
represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a
carrier wave.
 Also called On-Off keying.
 Carrier frequency: 434 MHz
 Baud Rate: 4800 bps
 Microcontroller used-
AT89S8253 – 8051
 2.7V to 5.5V Operating
Range
 32 Programmable bi-
directional I/O Lines
 The transmitter is a simple
IR transmitting LED. The
transmitted rays are not
visible.
 The IR receiver is an
electronic component
whose resistance decreases
with increasing IR
intensity. It is also called
as “Photo diode”
Block Diagram

Circuit Diagram
 The advantage of this system is that human error is
eliminated from the picture.

 The problem of accident risks at unmanned level


crossings is solved.

 Installation of this system will lead to accurate and


precise regulation of railway crossings.

 Financial burden on railways is reduced due to reduction


of manpower.
Automatic Railway Gate controller can be successfully implemented
using both wired and wireless techniques. This type of designs are
well suited in the field of communications. Based on this design we
can transmit any information in the form of pulses. Since it is a
demonstration part, the range of the transmitter is limited, the
limitation being the power transmitted by the transmitter and
antenna. However the range can be increased by increasing the
power radiating capacity of the transmitter.
 B. P. Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication
Systems, Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 1998.
 VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics &
Communication Engineering.
 G. K. Mithal and Ravi Mittal, Radio Engineering,
Khanna Publishers, 17th edition, 1992
 D. Roy Chowdhury and Shail B. Jain, Linear Integrated
Circuits, New Age International Publishers.
 M.Morris Mano, Digital Design, Pearson Education,
3rd edition, 2007 and edition, 2003.
 Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_Modulation.
 http://www.alldatasheet.com.
 J. B. Gupta, Theory and Performance of Electrical
Machines, S. K. Kataria & Sons, 14th edition, 2005-06.
 http://www.datasheetcatalog.com
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