All About Steering System.

Steering Gear Systems on Ships – Marine
Engineering
October 30, 2015 4:10 pm | Leave a
Comment | Frozee
What are the types of telemotor system in steering
gear on ships ?
1. Hydraulic system
2. Electric system
What are the types of steering system ?
 Electro hydraulic system

a) Ram type system (2 ram or 4 ram)
b) Vane type system
All electric system

a) Ward Leonard system
b) Single motor system
What is meant be non follow up system in steering

gear ?
When steering gear set to required

position, rudder is moved & when rudder
reach the required position, steering gear
must be set to off position. This system
uses the three solenoid valve.
What is meant be follow up system in steering
gear ?
When steering gear set to required

position, rudder is moved & when rudder
reaches the set position, steering gear
still remains at that position. This system
uses the hunting gear arrangement.
What is hunting gear ?
It is a feed back mechanism of steering

gear which repositions the floating lever
of hydraulic pump as the tiller moves to
the desire position.
What are the safety devices for steering system ?
1. Hunting gear
2. Buffer spring
3. Angle adjusting stop (Hand over
position limit switch)
4. Double shock valve
5. Relief valve
6. Tank level alarm (oil)
7. Over load alarm
What is the indication of air in the steering system ?
Jumping pressure gauges
Jerky operation
Defective steering
What is the effect of air in the steering system ?
Air being compressible gives incorrect

balance between units, time lags and
irregular operation. ( which can be
dangerous )
Emergency steering gear operation?
In the case of Telemotor failure, by

switching the change over pin,
emergency steering can be carried out by
isolating the receiver cylinder and directly
controlling the connecting rod of the main
steering power unit’s pump lever.
The emergency rudder angel indicator and
communication system to bridge being
provided at the emergency station.
Action in case of electrical telemotor failure ?
Put bridge control to manual

Emergency steering gear system is
operated by (solenoid button) whether
port or starboard.
Rudder angle indicator and
communication system between steering
room and bridge must be provided.
How to operate emergency steering gear ?
1. Disconnect auto pilot system.

2. Take out change over pin from
attachment with telemotor receiver & fit
to the hand gear.
3. Use communication system with
telephone from steering gear room to
bridge.
What are steering gear tests & maintenance ?
Control test
Just prior to 1 hour before departure of
vessel.
12 hour before departure
Operation of main & auxiliary steering
gear.
Operation of remote control system.
Operation of emergency power supply.
Alarm test.
Actual rudder angle & indicator.
Communication system.(Bridge, Engine
room & Steering gear room)
Every 3 months interval
Emergency steering gear drill at steering
gear room to bridge with sound
communication system.
Types of pump used in hydraulic steering system ?
Motor driven constant speed variable

stroke delivery pumps. There are two
types.
1. Radial piston type ( hele- shaw pump )
2. Axial piston type ( swash plate pump )
What are the advantages of rotary vane type over
ram type ?
Smaller space required

Low installation cost
Less weight
Smaller power required, for the same load,
because it can transmit pure torque to
the rudder stock.
What are the disadvantages of rotary vane type over
ram type ?
Synthetic rubber backed steel sealing

strips at vane tops are not strong enough
for large ship gear.
Can be used for rudder stock ratings of
about 1700 KNm and less torque
generated by two ram is 120 to 160 KNm
and for four ram 250 to 10,000KNm.
Steering tests required before departure ?
1. Steering gear should be checked at

least one hour prior to departure.
2. Telemotor transmitter oil level to be
checked
3. Oil level of actuating system tank
should be checked and replenished if
necessary.
4. Rudder carrier bearing and bottom sea
gland checked and greased.
5. Start pump and check response of the
gear
6. Check abnormal noise and heat
7. Check load carrying and running of the
gear ( swing from port 35° to stbd 30°
within 28 sec )
What are the properties of telemotor
hydraulic fluid ?
Good quality mineral lubricating oil is
used. Its properties are-
1. Low pour point (-50°C)
2. Low viscosity ( to reduced fractional
drag, but not too thin to mate gland
sealing, 30 Redwood Secs at 60°C)
3. High viscosity index (110)
4. High flash point (150° C closed)
5. Non sludge forming
6. Non corrosive
7. Good lubricating properties
8. Specific gravity 0.88 at 15.5° C
What is the purpose of buffer spring ?
To prevent the damages of the control

system.
What are the requirements for steering gear ?
To move the rudder in either direction
instantly when required
Should come to reset immediately in the
position corresponding to that shown on
indicator on the bridge.
Provision must be made to protect the
steering gear from damage should a
heavy sea strike the rudder.
The design should be sample, the
construction robust and its performance
reliable at all times.
Purpose of swivel block in steering gear ?
To control linear movement of the rams to

the rotary movement to the tiller arms
and rudder stocks.
Explain ward leonard system ?
It is the one types of electrical steering
gear system. Which control the speed of
DC motor from zero to maximum in either
directions.
In four rams type steering gear system, what unit
you make in service when one cylinder damage ?
If one cylinder damage, four rams steering

gear can be used as two rams type
steering gear.
First place the rudder at mid position.
Isolate the circuit valves of two cylinder
inlet.
One cylinder is defective and another one,
but they are not in diagonal position.
Open the vent at that cylinder.
Purpose of buffer spring ?
Absorb the difference between the

steering order speeds and follow up
speed.
Absorb the movement of steering wheel if
it is mishandled when the hydraulic
pump stop in.
Absorb the movement of the control lever
when rudder drift
Absorb the vibration and shocks from the
rudder.
When carry out emergency steering system ?
Every voyage (UHA)
Once at least within 3 Months (SOLAS)
During Survey
What are daily check in steering gear room ?
Pressure gauge of steering pump.

Motor ampere on the steering switch
board & motor hand touch feeling
Noise and vibration.
Oil level in tank
Oil leakage in system
Grease in rudder carrier bearing
Check the bottom seal gland whether
good or not.
What are steering system regulations ?
1. Every ship shall be provided with a
main steering gear and an auxiliary
steering gear.
2. The failure of one of them will not
render the other one inoperative.
3. Relief valves shall be fitted to any part
of the hydraulic system.
4. The main steering gear and rudder
stock shall be:
5. (a) of adequate strength and capable
of steering the ship at maximum ahead
service speed. (b) capable of putting the
rudder over from 35′ on one side to 35′ on
the other side with the ship at its deepest
sea going draught and running ahead at
maximum ahead service speed and,
under the same conditions, from 35′ on
either side to 30′ on the other side in not
more than 28 seconds. (c) So that they
will not be damaged at maximum astern
speed.
6. The auxiliary steering gear shall be:
(a) of adequate strength and capable of
steering the ship at navigable speed and
of being brought speedily into action in an
emergency. (b) capable of putting the
redder over from 15′ on one side to 15′ on
the other side in not more than
60 seconds with the ship at its deepest
seagoing draught and running ahead at
one half of the maximum ahead service
speed or 7 knots, whichever is the
greater.
7. In every tanker, chemical tanker or gas
carrier of 10,000 gross ton and upwards
and in every ships of 70,000 gross ton
and upwards, the main steering gear shall
comprise two or more identical
power units.
Reference:
Oral Guide by – MIN ZAR TAR
Posted in: MEO Examination Study

Materials, Steering Gear | Tagged: 12 hour
before departure, advantages of rotary vane
type over ram type, Control test, daily check
in steering gear room, disadvantages of rotary
vane type over ram type, effect of air in the
steering system, electrical telemotor
failure, Emergency steering gear
operation, follow up system in steering
gear, hunting gear, indication of air in the
steering system, non follow up system in
steering gear,purpose of buffer
spring, Purpose of swivel block in steering
gear, Requirements for Steering Gear, safety
devices for steering system, steering gear
maintenance, Steering Gear Systems on
Ships, steering gear tests, steering system
regulations, Types of pump used in hydraulic
steering system, types of steering
system, types of Telemotor System in steering
gear, ward leonard system

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Steering Gear Systems on Ships – Marine

 Electro hydraulic system

b) Vane type system

All electric system

What is meant be non follow up system in steering

When steering gear set to required

When steering gear set to required

It is a feed back mechanism of steering

Air being compressible gives incorrect

In the case of Telemotor failure, by

Put bridge control to manual

1. Disconnect auto pilot system.

Motor driven constant speed variable

Smaller space required

Synthetic rubber backed steel sealing

1. Steering gear should be checked at

To prevent the damages of the control

To control linear movement of the rams to

If one cylinder damage, four rams steering

Absorb the difference between the

Pressure gauge of steering pump.

Posted in: MEO Examination Study

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