1) Plants for their survival require

a) Water b) air c) both a and b d) none

2) ------- % of nitrates applied to the soil, sinks into the underground reservoir.
a) 30 b) 40 c) 50 d) 60
3) Flow Irrigation includes.
a) Perennial irrigation b) flood irrigation c) both a and b d) none of these.
4) When irrigation is done by diverting the river runoff into some canal by constructing a diversion weir across
a river, it is called
a) Direct irrigation b) Storage irrigation c) both a and b d) none of these
5) Free flooding method is also called.
a) Ordinary flooding b) wild flooding c) both a and b d) only called free flooding
6) In border flooding method the length of border is--------- meters.
a) 50-100 b) 100-200 c) 100-300 d) 100-400
7) In furrow irrigation method, water covers the area about----------of whole area.
a) 1/5th b) 1/10th c) 1/30th d) 1/40th
8) Sprinkler irrigation method is not very popular in India because
a) It is costly b) require technicalities c) both a and b d) not very efficient)
9) Which statement is correct for semi-permanent sprinkler system?
a) Main lines are portables
b) Laterals are portables
c) Laterals are buried in the ground
d) All are correct
10) The latest method of irrigation is
a) Flood b) furrow c) drip d) sprinkler
11) The time period of a crop from the instant of its sowing to the instant of its growing
a) Base period b) crop period c) growth period d) all of these
12) The rotation period for different crops may varies from
a)1-6 days b)6-15 days c)15-26 days d) 26-36 days
13) If wheat require about 7.5cm of water after every 28days, and base period is 140 days. Then the value of
delta is
a)28cm b) 7.5cm c)37.5 cm d) 140 cm
14) The value of delta for which crop is 120 cm
a) Sugarcane b) rice c) tobacco d) both a and b
15) Unit of duty is/are
a) hectares/cumecs b) sq. /cumecs c) both a and b d) cm
16) During the passage of water from the irrigation channels, water is lost due to evaporation and percolation.
These losses are called?
a) Transit losses b) transmission losses c) conveyance losses d) all of these
17) Outlet discharge factor is the duty at the head of the
a) Water course b) main canal c) branch canal d) distributary canal
18) If water courses are lined than at least------% of water can be saved.
a) 10 b) 20 c) 30 d) 40
19) The amount of irrigation water required to meet the evapotranspiration needs as well as other needs such as
leaching is called
a) Cu b) Re b) C.I.R d) N.I.R
20) Kharif crops require about ---------times the quantity of water required by Rabi crops.
a) 1-2 b) 2-3 c) 3-4 d) 4-5
CHAPTER 4
1. The phenomenon of sediment transport causes _ _ _ _ _ scale scouring and siltation.
a) Small b) Large c) Even d)no
2. _ _ _ _ _ is that in which the sediment moves along the bed with occasional jumps in to the channel. a) Bed
load b) Sediment load c) Transport load d) none
3. Ripples do not occur if the size of bed particles is coarser than _ _ _ _.
a) 0.3 mm b) 0.5 mm c) 0.6 mm d) 1 mm
4. In the study of mechanics of sediment transport we assume the soil to be _ _ _ _ _ _.
a) Coherent b)In-coherent c) Both a & b d) none
5. Average unit tractive force is also known as _ _ _ _ _.
a) Shear Force b) Flexure Stress c) Flexure Force d) Shear Stress
6. Particle Reynold number representing roughness exceeds _ _ _ _ when the particle size exceeds 6mm.
a) 250 b) 350 c) 400 d) 500
7. A channel is said to be in state of _ _ _ _ _ if silting and scouring needs no special attention.
a) Stability b) Regime c) Response d) None
8. Value of m for sandy loamy silt is _ _ _ _
a) 1.2 b) 1.5 c) 2 d) 3
9. Generally _ _ _ _ _ equation is used with Kennedy theory.
a) Manning’s b) Chezy c) Kutter d) Lacey
10. Which of the following is true for a channel to be in regime:
a) Discharge is constant
b) Silt grade is constant
c) Flow is uniform
d) All of the above
11. According to Lacey the grain size of material forming the channel needs _ _ _ _ rational attention that was
given to it by Kennedy.
a) Equal b) Less c) more d) no
12. Soil is more stable when steeper slope can be provided in:
a) Cutting b) Filling c) embankment d) none
13. _ _ _ _ is the horizontal distance left at the ground level between toe of ground and top edge.
a) Free board b) Berm c) Side Slope d) Canal
14. The margin between FSL and bank level is known as _ _ _ _.
a) Berm b) Bank c) Free Board d) Canal
15. The primary purpose of banks is to _ _ _ _ _ water:
a) Store b) Transfer c) Discharge d) Retain
CHAPTER : 09
Q1. If “ x ” be the width of canal head regulator then the length of under sluices pocket will be
a) 1.2x b) 1.5x c) 2x d) x2
Q2.The rise in the maximum flood level upstream of the weir , caused due to the construction of the weir across
the river is called
a) Afflux b) Pond Level c) water Head d) None of these
Q3.The structures which are constructed at the head of the canal in order to divert the river water towards the
canal is known as
a) Diversion head works b) River Retaining Works
c) Head Regulators d) None of these
Q4. If most of ponding water is done by gates and smaller part is done by the raised crest then the barrier is
known as
a) Weir b) Barrage c) both a and b d) None of these
Q5.Whih will give less afflux and better control upon the river flow
a) Weir b) Barrage c) Gravity weirs d) Both a and c
Q.6 which type of weir will be better for permeable foundations
a) Masonry weir b) Rock-fill weir c) concrete weir d) Both a and b
Q.7 The water level required in the under-sluice pocket upstream of the canal head regulator to feed the canal
with its full supply is known as
a) Pond level b) Afflux c) water head d) None of these
Q.8 The divide wall is ------------------------------- Structure.
a) Masonry b) Concrete c) can be of concrete or a masonry d) None of these..
Q.9 The main function of divide wall is
a) separates the weir proper from the under-sluices
b) It controls turbulent of pocket near canal head regulator
c) It removes the cross-currents
d) All of above
Q.10 When the weight of the weir balances the uplift pressure caused by the head of the water seeping below
the weir then it called as
a) Gravity weir b) Non- Gravity weir c) Stable weirs d) None of above
CH #11
1. The failure of hydraulic structure can be caused by
a) Direct uplift b) Piping c) Stability d) Both a & b
2. According to Bligh’s theory the Length of the path traversed by waster is known as;
a) Hydraulic Gradient b) Length of creep c) head per unit length d) None
3. Bligh’s Safe Hydraulic Gradient for Light Sand
a) 1/12 b) 1/5 c) 1/15 d) 1/8
4. Horizontal creep is less effective in reducing uplift than vertical creep;
a) Bligh’s theory b) Khosla’s theory c) Lane’s theory d) Both a & c
5. The seepage water does not creep along the bottom contour of Pucca floor.
a) Khosla’s theory b) Laplacian theory c) ) Lane’s theory d) Bligh’s theory
6. The curve joining the points of same residual head is known as
a) Stream line b) Equipotential line c) Hydraulic gradient line d) both a & c
7. To prevent undermining, the depth of d/s vertical cutoff is governed by
a) Max depth of scour b) Safe exit gradient c) either a or b d) both a &b
8. The exit gradient is said to be critical when upward force on grain is ________ submerged weight of
particle at exit.
 a) Less than b) equal to c) greater than d) both a & b
9. According to Khosla’s theory the set of lines along which water flows through subsoil is known as
a) Stream lines b) Equipotential line c) Creep line d) both a & b
10. The exit gradient for a standard form with a vertical cutoff depth d and floor length b is given

a) √
b)
√
c)
√
d)
√

1. The water which enters into the main canal from river is to be divided into different branches according to……..
Different channels
(i) Paths of (ii) discharge of (iii) relative urgency of demand on

2. The ideal alignment is when off-taking channel makes….. angle with the parent channel initially
(ii) zero (ii) 90 (iii) 120

3. Maximum Height of planks that can be handled manually is

(i) 5m (ii) 4m (iii) 2m

4. The minimum depth of u/s cut off is kept as

(i) Yu/3 +0.7 (ii) Yu/3 +0.6 (iii) Yu/3 +0.9

5. Nominal thickness of floor on u/s side is

(i) 0.3 to 0.5m (ii) 0.3 to 0.4m (iii) 0.2 to 0.3m

6. Artificial canals aligned along the ridge line called

(i) Water shed (ii) distributary (iii) drains

7. Canal pass over drainage accomplished through

(i) Aqueduct (ii) super passage (iii) both
8. Canal passes below drainage may accomplished through
(i) Aqueduct (ii) super passage (iii) both
9. When canal and drainage water is allowed to intermingle with each other it may accomplished through
(i) Level crossing (ii) inlet and outlets (iii) both
10. A super passage is reverse of
(i) Aqueduct (ii) canal (iii) syphon
11. Syphon is reverse of
(i)Aqueduct syphon (ii) canal syphon (iii) syphon
12. In the case of syphon canal bed is
(i) Leveled (ii) depressed (iii) high
13. An inlet initially consist of
(i) Open cut in canal bank (ii) closed cut in canal (iii) both

14. In type II Aqueduct the bank of canals are replaced with

(i) Plane mud wall (ii) concrete wall (iii) retaining wall

15. In Case of type III the water is carried out through

(i) Earthen section (ii) concrete trough (iii) both

16. The culvert length is Minimum in

(i) Type I (ii) Type II (iii) Type III

17. The culvert length is maximum in

(i) Type I (ii) Type II (iii) Type III

18. On very small drainage the most economical aqueduct is

(i) Type I (ii) Type II (iii) Type III

19. On very small drainage the most economical aqueduct is

(i) Type I (ii) Type II (iii) Type III

20. The maximum permissible reduction in in water way from Lackey’s perimeter is
(i) 20% (ii) 40% (iii) 50%

21. In syphon aqueduct the velocity through Barrels is limited to

(i) 2 to 3 m/s (ii) 4to 5 m/s (iii) 2 to 5 m/s

22. The afflux will increase more and more if waterway is

(i) increased more and more (ii) decreased more and more (iii) not changed

23. Coefficient of head loss at entry for unshaped mouth is

(i) 0.505 (ii) 0.08 (iii) 0.008

24. The Value of afflux is kept fixed to

(i) Avoid flooding (ii) keep flow smooth (iii) both

25. Contraction in the water way of canal will

(i) Reduce length of barrel (ii) increase length of barrel (iii) have no effect

26. Fluming is generally done in all the works of

(i) Type I (ii) Type II (iii) Type III
CHAPTERS 1 – 4:

1. The soil which is formed by transportation and deposition of silt through agency of water is called:
a) Alluvial soil
b) Non alluvial soil
c) Silty soil
d) None of above

2. Alluvial soil areas consist of ____ sandy beds.

a) Non permeable
b) Permeable
c) Thick and permeable
d) Thick and non-permeable

3. Which mode of irrigation is preferred in alluvial soil areas?

a) Storage irrigation
b) Drip irrigation
c) Canal irrigation
d) Both a & c

4. A side slope canal is aligned at:

a) Right angles to the contours
b) Along the contours
c) Perpendicular to the watershed
d) None of above

5. In diversion head works, a _______ is constructed across the river.

a) Main canal or distributary
b) Dam or weir
c) Weir or barrage
d) Barrage or storage canal
6. A _______ regulates the flow of water into the main canal in diversion head works system.
a) Head regulator
b) Canal regulator
c) Diversion weir
 d) None of above

7. Discharge in a branch canal is generally more than:

a) 20 cumec
b) 25 cumec
c) 30 cumec
d) 50 cumec

8. Discharge in a minor canal is generally less than:

a) 2.5 cumec
b) 3.5 cumec
c) 2 cumec
d) 5 cumec

9. A curve in a canal results in ____ on the convex side and ____ on the concave side;
a) Scouring, silting
b) Silting, scouring
c) Scouring, transportation of silt
d) Silting, disturbance of flow

10. _______ includes both cultivable and non-cultivable areas without considering the limitation of the
quantity of available water.
a) Gross command area
b) Cultural command area
c) Cultivable command area
d) None of above
11. The ratio of actual operating period of a distributary to the crop period is called:
a) Time factor
b) Capacity factor
c) Full supply coefficient
d) Nominal duty

12. In _____ system of irrigation, constant and continuous supply of water is assured to the crops in
accordance with the requirements of the crop throughout the crop period.
a) Flood irrigation
 b) Perennial irrigation
c) Lift irrigation
d) Flow irrigation

13. In ____ water nourishes the plant roots by capillarity.

a) Surface irrigation
b) Drip irrigation
c) Sub surface irrigation
d) Lift irrigation

14. In check flooding, levees have a vertical interval of about:

a) 5 to 10 cm
b) 10 to 15 cm
c) 1 to 5 cm
d) 10 to 15 cm

15. Depth of furrows vary from:

a) 4 to 25 cm
b) 3 to 30 cm
c) 6 to 28 cm
d) 8 to 30 cm

16. Emitters in drip irrigation discharge water of the order of:

a) 1 to 8 litres per hour
b) 2 to 10 litres per hour
c) 3 to 8 litres per hour
d) 4 to 10 litres per hour

17. The area where inferior crops can be grown without irrigation is called a:
a) Cultivable region
b) Non cultivable region
c) Semi-arid region
d) Arid region

18. Crop period is slightly ____ than the base period.

 a) Less
b) More
c) Humid
d) None of above

19. The time interval between two consecutive waterings is called:

a) Rotation period
b) Frequency of irrigation
c) Delta
d) Both a & b

20. Delta =

a)

b)

c)

d)

21. Duty depends upon:

a) Type of crop
b) Climate and season
c) Efficiency of cultivation method
d) All of above

22. The stage at which the sediment load comes just at the point of motion when the velocity is gradually
increased is called:
a) Deposition stage
b) Threshold stage
c) Superimposition stage
d) None of above

23. Ripples do not occur if the size if bed particles in coarser than:
a) 0.5 mm
b) 0.4 mm
 c) 0.7 mm
d) 0.6 mm

24. The channel is considered of rigid boundary unless:

a) τo < τc
b) τo > τc
c) τo = τc
d) τc > τo

25. A channel is said to be a _____ channel if silting or scouring needs no special attention.
a) Rigid
b) Ideal
c) Regime
d) Both a & c