PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT,SHIVAMOGGA

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

OOPS WITH C++ LAB MANUAL

(06CSL47)

PREPARED BY: MRS. SUCHETHANA H.C

 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

1. Given that an EMPLOYEE class contains the following members:

Data Members: Employee_Number, Employee_Name, Basic, DA, IT,Net_Sal
Member Functions: to read data, to calculate Net_Sal and to print data members
Write a C++ program to read data on N employees and compute the Net_Sal of each
employee
(DA = 52% of Basic and Income Tax = 30% of the gross salary)

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
class EMPLOYEE //implments the EMPLOYEE class
{
private:
char employee_number[10],employee_name[10];
float basic,DA,IT,net_sal;
public:
void Read_Data(); //reads the employee_number,
// emloyee_name and basic
void Calculate_Net_Salary(); //calculates the net salary
void Display_Data(); //Displays the data
};
void EMPLOYEE::Read_Data()
{
cout << "Enter the Employee Number and Name" << endl;
cin >> employee_number >> employee_name;
cout << "Enter the Basic Salary" << endl;
cin >> basic;
}
void EMPLOYEE::Calculate_Net_Salary()
{
float Gross_Sal;
DA = (52*basic)/100;
Gross_Sal = basic+DA;
IT = (30*Gross_Sal)/100;
net_sal = Gross_Sal-IT;
}
void EMPLOYEE::Display_Data()
{
cout << "Emp Name:" << employee_name << "\tEmp Number:" <<
employee_number;
cout << "\t Net Salary:" << net_sal << endl;
}
void main()
{
int n,i;
Dept of CS&E Page 2
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

clrscr();
cout << "Enter the number of employees: " ;
cin >> n; cout << endl;
EMPLOYEE Emp[10];
cout << "Enter employee data" << endl;
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
Emp[i].Read_Data();
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
Emp[i].Calculate_Net_Salary();
Emp[i].Display_Data();
}
}

2. Define a STUDENT class with USN, Name, and Marks in 3 tests of a subject. Declare an
array of 10 STUDENT objects. Using appropriate functions, find the average of the two
better marks for each student. Print the USN, Name and the average marks of all the
students.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
class STUDENT
{
private:
char USN[10], Name[10];
float marks1, marks2, marks3; //marks for the three subjects
float average_marks; //Average marks for the best two
public:
void Read_Data();
void Calculate_Average_Marks();
void Display_Data();
};
void STUDENT::Read_Data()
{
cout << "Enter the name and USN : " ;
cin >> Name >> USN; cout << endl;
cout << "Enter marks1, marks2, marks3 : " ;
cin >> marks1 >> marks2 >> marks3; cout << endl;
}
void STUDENT::Calculate_Average_Marks()
{
int smallest;
if( (marks1 < marks2) && (marks1 < marks3) ) average_marks = (marks2
Dept of CS&E Page 3
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

+ marks3)/2;
else if (marks2 < marks3) average_marks = (marks1 + marks3)/2;
else average_marks = (marks1 + marks2)/2;
}
void STUDENT::Display_Data()
{
cout << "USN:" << USN << "\t Name:" << Name << "\t Average Marks:";
printf("%0.2f\n",average_marks);
}
void main()
{
STUDENT student[10];
clrscr();
for(int i=0;i<10;i++) student[i].Read_Data();
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
student[i].Calculate_Average_Marks();

student[i].Display_Data();
}
}

3. Write a C++ program to create a class called COMPLEX and implement the following
overloading functions ADD that return a complex number:
(i) ADD(a, s2) – where ‘a’ is an integer (real part) and s2 is a complex
number
(ii) ADD(s1, s2) – where s1 and s2 are complex numbers

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>
class COMPLEX
{
private:
int a, imaginary;
public:
void Read_data();
void Add(COMPLEX s1, COMPLEX s2);
void Add(int realnum, COMPLEX s2);
friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, COMPLEX t);
};
void COMPLEX::Read_data()
{

Dept of CS&E Page 4

 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

cout << "Enter the real part and imaginary part: ";
cin >> a >> imaginary; cout << endl;
}
void COMPLEX::Add(COMPLEX s1,COMPLEX s2)
{
a = s1.a + s2.a;
imaginary = s1.imaginary + s2.imaginary;
}
void COMPLEX::Add(int realnum, COMPLEX s2)
{
a = realnum + s2.a;
imaginary =s 2.imaginary;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, COMPLEX t)
{
out << t.a;
if(t.imaginary < 0)
out << "-i";
else
out << "+i";
out << abs(t.imaginary);
return out;
}
void main()
{
COMPLEX s1, s2, s3, s4;
clrscr();

cout << "Addition of two complex numbers -" << endl;

s1.Read_data();
s2.Read_data();
s3.Add(s1,s2);
cout << "The resultant complex number is: ";
cout << s3 << endl;
cout << "Addition of a real number only-" << endl;
cout << "Enter the real part: ";
int realnum;
cin >> realnum;
s4.Add(realnum, s2);
cout << "The resultant complex number: ";
cout << s4 << endl;
}

Dept of CS&E Page 5

 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

4. Write a C++ program to create a class called LIST (linked list) with member functions
to insert an element at the front as well as to delete an element from the front of the list.
Demonstrate all the functions after creating a list object.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>
class LIST
{
public:
int info;
LIST *next;
};
class LINKED_LIST
{
LIST *head;
public:
LINKED_LIST()
{
head = NULL;
}
void InsertF();
void DeleteF();
void Display_List();
};
void LINKED_LIST::InsertF()
{
LIST *temp;
int item;
cout << "Enter the data: ";
cin >> item; cout << endl;
temp = new LIST;
temp->info = item;
temp->next = NULL;
if(head == NULL)
head = temp;
else
temp->next = head;
head = temp;
}
void LINKED_LIST::DeleteF()
{
LIST *temp;
if(head == NULL)
Dept of CS&E Page 6
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

cout << "No data is present" << endl;

else
{
temp = head;
head = head->next;
cout << "The deleted data is: " << temp->info << endl;
delete temp;
}
}
void LINKED_LIST::Display_List()
{
if(head == NULL)
cout << "No data is present" << endl;
else
for(LIST *temp = head; temp != NULL; temp =temp->next)
cout << temp->info << "->" << endl;
}
void main()
{
LINKED_LIST s1;
clrscr();
int ch=1;
while(ch)
{
cout << "1 Insert_front
2 Delete_front
3 Display List
0 Exit\n";
cin >> ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1 : s1.InsertF();
break;
case 2 : s1.DeleteF();
break;
case 3 : s1.Display_List();
break;
default: cout << "Wrong choice!" << endl;
cout << "Enter the choice again, with 0 to quit" <<
endl;
cin >> ch;
}//end switch
} //end while(ch)
}//end main()

Dept of CS&E Page 7

 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

5. Write a C++ program to create a template function for Quicksort and demonstrate
sorting of integers and doubles.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <process.h>
template <class T>
class QUICK_SORT
{
private:
T a[20];
int low, high, size;
public:
QUICK_SORT(int n)
{
size=n;
}
void Get_Data();
void Quick(int low, int high);
int Partition(int low, int high);
void Display_Data();
};
template<class T>
void QUICK_SORT<T>::Get_Data()
{
cout<<"Enter the elements to be inserted" << endl;
for(int i=0; i<size; i++)
cin >> a[i];
}
template<class T>
void QUICK_SORT<T>::Quick(int low, int high)
{
int j;
if(low <= high)
{
j = Partition(low,high);
Quick(low, j-1);
Quick(j+1, high);
}
}
template<class T>
int QUICK_SORT<T>::Partition(int low, int high)
Dept of CS&E Page 8
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

{
int i, j;
T key;
I = low + 1;
J = high;
Key = a[low];
while(1)
{
while(I < high && key >= a[i]) i++;
while(key <a[j]) j--;
if(I < j)
{
T temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
a[j] = temp;
}
else
{
T temp = a[j];
a[j] = a[low];
a[low] = temp;
return j;
}
}//end while
}//end QUICK_SORT<T>
template<class T>
void QUICK_SORT<T>::Display_Data()
{
int i;
cout << "The sorted list is";
for(i=0; i<size; i++)
cout << ", "<<a[i];
cout << endl;
}
void main()
{
int n, ch;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter number of data: ";
cin>>n; cout << endl;
QUICK_SORT<int>Q1(n);
QUICK_SORT<double>Q2(n);
cout << "1.To sort integer data " << endl;
cout << "2.To sort double data" << endl;
cout << "3.To quit" << endl;
Dept of CS&E Page 9
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

cout << "Enter your choice" << endl;

cin >> ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
Q1.Get_Data();
Q1.Quick(0,n-1);
Q1.Display_Data();
break;
case 2:
Q2.Get_Data();
Q2.Quick(0,n-1);
Q2.Display_Data();
break;
}
getch();
}//end main()

6. Write a C++ program to create a class called STACK using an array of integers.
Implement the following operations by overloading the operators ‘+’ and ‘-‘:
(i) s1 = s1 + element; where s1 is an object of the class STACK and element is an integer to
be pushed on the top of the stack
(ii) s1 = s1- ; where s1 is an object of the class STACK. ‘-‘ operator pops the element.
Handle the STACK empty and full conditions. Also display the contents of the stack after
each operation, by overloading the << operator.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <conio.h>
class STACK
{
private:
int a[10], size, top;
public:
STACK(int n)
{
top = -1;
size = n;
}
void operator +(int x);
void operator -();
Dept of CS&E Page 10
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

friend ostream &operator << (ostream &out, STACK st);

};
void STACK::operator+(int x)
{
if(top == size-1)
cout << "Stack is overflow" << endl;
else
a[++top] = x;
}
void STACK::operator -()
{
if(top == -1)
cout << "Stack is underflow" << endl;
else
cout << "The popped element is" <<a [top--] << endl;
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, STACK st)
{
if(st.top == -1)
cout << "Stack is underflow" << endl;
else
for(int i=st.top; i>=0; i--)
cout << st.a[i] << "->";
cout << endl;
return out;
}
void main()
{
int n,ch,x;
clrscr();
cout << "Enter size of stack:";
cin >> n;
STACK s1(n);
while(1)
{
cout << endl << ”1 To push
2 To pop
3 To display
4 To exit"; << endl
cout << "Enter your choice:";
cin >> ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
cout << "Enter the data to push:";
Dept of CS&E Page 11
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

cin >> x;
s1+x;
break;
case 2:
-s1;
break;
case 3:
cout << "The content of stack:";
cout << s1;
break;
default:
cout << "Program is terminated\n";
exit(0);
}//end switch
getch();
}//end while
}//end main

7. Write a C++ program to create a class called DATE. Accept two valid dates in the form
dd/mm/yy. Implement the following operations by overloading the operators ‘+’ and ‘-‘.
After every operation display the results by overloading the operator <<.
(i) no_of_days = d1 – d2; where d1 and d2 are DATE objects, and no_of_days is an integer
(ii) d2 = d1 + no_of_days; where d1 is a DATE object and no_of_days is an integer

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <process.h>
class DATE
{
private:
int flag, day, month, year;
public:
DATE(int d, int m, int y)
{
day = d, month = m,year = y;
if((year%4) == 0)
flag=1;
else
flag=0;
}
int operator -(DATE D2);
DATE operator +(int n);
Dept of CS&E Page 12
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,DATE D1);

int return_integer_date(DATE D1);
};
int a[13]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
int b[13]={0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
int DATE::return_integer_date(DATE D1)
{
int int_value = D1.day;
if((D1.flag == 1) && (D1.month > 2))
{
for(int I = 0; i<D1.month; i++)
int_value+a[i];
int_value++;
}
else
for(int i=0;i<D1.month;i++)
int_value=int_value+a[i];
return int_value;
}
int DATE::operator -(DATE D2)
{
int a1, a2,x = 0;
DATE D1(day, month, year);
if(D1.day == D2.day && D1.month == D2.month && D1.year == D2.year)
return x;
a1 = return_integer_date(D1);
a2 = return_integer_date(D2);
for(int i = D1.year-1; I > D2.year; i--);
{
if(i%4 == 0)
x = x+366;
else
x = x+365;
}
if(D1.year == D2.year)
x = x+a1-a2;
else
{
x = x+a1;
if(D2.year%4 == 0)
x = x+(366-a2);
else
x = x+(365-a2);
}
return x;
Dept of CS&E Page 13
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

}
DATE DATE::operator+(int n)
{
DATE D(day, month, year);
for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
D.day++;
if(D.year%4 == 0)
{
D.flag=1;
if(D.day > b[D.month])
{
D.day = 1;
D.month++;
}
}
else
{
D.flag=0;
if(D.day > a[D.month])
{
D.day=1;
D.month++;
}
}
if(D.month > 12)
{
D.month=1;
D.year++;
}
}
return D;
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,DATE D1)
{
out << D1.day << "/" << D1.month << "/" << D1.year;
return out;
}
void main()
{
int d, m, y, no_of_days;
clrscr();
cout << "Enter A(VALID)DATE\n";
cout << "ENTER DAY (dd):";
cin >> d;
Dept of CS&E Page 14
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

cout << "ENTER MONTH(mm):";

cin >> m;
cout << "ENTER YEAR(yyyy):";
cin >> y;
cout << endl;
DATE D1(d,m,y);
cout << "Enter another(Valid)DATE(Earlier to that entered above)\n";
cout << "ENTER DAY(dd):";
cin >> d;
cout << "ENTER MONTH(mm):";
cin>>m;
cout<<"ENTER YEAR(yyyy):";
cin >> y;
cout << endl;
DATE D2(d,m,y);
Cout << "First DATE ENTERED:" << D1 << endl << endl;
Cout << "Second DATE ENTERED:" << D2 << endl << endl;
no_of_days = D1-D2;
cout <<"The difference between the 2 days:"<<no_of_days<<endl<<endl;
cout << "Enter a no.:";
cin >> no_of_days;
D1 = D2 + no_of_days;
cout<<"\n The resulting dare from the DATE"<<D2<<"IS:"<<D1<<endl;
getch();
}

8 Write a C++ program to create a class called MATRIX using twodimensional array of
integers. Implement the following operations by overloading the operator ++ whch checks
the compatibility of two matrices to be added and subtracted. Perform the addition and
subtraction by overloading the + and – operators respectively. Display the results by
overloading the operator <<.
If (m1==m2)
{
m3=m1+m2;
m4=m1-m2;
}
else
display error

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <process.h>
class MATRIX
{
Dept of CS&E Page 15
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

int m, n;
int arr[20][20];
public:
MATRIX(int a, int b ) //parametrized constructor
{ m=a;
n=b;
}
friend int operator==(MATRIX,MATRIX);
friend MATRIX operator+(MATRIX,MATRIX);
friend MATRIX operator-(MATRIX,MATRIX);
void get();
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&,MATRIX);
/* MATRIX operator=(MATRIX r);*/
}; //end of class defn
int operator==(MATRIX M1,MATRIX M2)
{
if((M1.m==M2.m) && (M1.n==M2.n)) return 1;
return 0;
}
MATRIX operator+(MATRIX M1,MATRIX M2)
{
MATRIX M3(M1.m,M1.n);
for(int i=0;i<M1.m;i++)
for(int j=0;j<M1.n;j++)
M3.arr[i][j]=M1.arr[i][j] + M2.arr[i][j];
return M3;
}

MATRIX operator-(MATRIX M1,MATRIX M2)

{
MATRIX M3(M1.m,M1.n);
for(int i=0;i<M1.m;i++)
for(int j=0;j<M1.n;j++)
M3.arr[i][j]=M1.arr[i][j] - M2.arr[i][j];
return M3;
}
void MATRIX::get()
{
for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
{
cout<<"Enter the element at row "<<i+1<<" and column
"<<j+1<<" :";
cin>>arr[i][j];
Dept of CS&E Page 16
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

}
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,MATRIX s)
{
for(int i=0;i<s.m;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<s.n;j++)
out<<s.arr[i][j]<<" ";
out<<endl;
}
return out;
}
int main()
{
int a,b,c,d,ch;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the number of rows in matrix A:";
cin>>a;
cout<<"Enter the number of columns in matrix A:";
cin>>b;
cout<<"Enter the number of rows in matrix B:";
cin>>c;
cout<<"Enter the number of columns in matrix B:";
cin>>d;
MATRIX p(a,b),q(c,d),r(a,b);
cout<<"Enter Matrix A:"<<endl;
p.get();
cout<<"Enter Matrix B:"<<endl;
q.get();
lblmenu:
cout<<"1) Add 2) Subtract 3) Quit :";
cin>>ch;
if(ch<1 || ch>3) goto lblmenu;
if(ch==1)
{
if(p==q)
{
r=p+q;
cout<<r;
}
else
cout<<"Cant add."<<endl;
}
if(ch==2)
{
Dept of CS&E Page 17
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

if(p==q)
{
r=(p-q);
cout<<r;
}
else cout<<"Cant subtract."<<endl;
}
if(ch==3)
{
exit(0);
}
goto lblmenu;
}

9. Write a C++ program to create a class called OCTAL which has the characteristics of an
octal number. Implement the following operations by writing an appropriate constructor
and an overloaded operator +.
(i) OCTAL h = x; where x is an integer.
(ii) int y = h + k; where h is an OCTAL object and k is an integer
Display the OCTAL result by overloading the operator << . Also display the values
of h and y.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>
class octal
{
private:
int o;
public:
octal();
octal(int);
~octal();
int dectooct(int x);
int octtodec(int x);
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &print,octal);
int operator +(int);
};
octal::octal()
{
}
octal::octal(int x)
Dept of CS&E Page 18
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

{
o=dectooct(x);
}
octal::~octal()
{
}
int octal::dectooct(int x)
{
int i=0,sum=0,rem;
while(x!=0)
{
rem=x%8;
sum=sum+rem*pow(10,i);
i++;
x=x/8;
}
return sum;
}
int octal::octtodec(int x)
{
int i=0,sum=0,rem;
while(x!=0)
{
rem=x%10;
sum=sum+rem*pow(8,i);
i++;
x=x/10;
}
return sum;
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &print,octal x)
{
print<<x.o;
return print;
}
int octal::operator+(int x)
{
return octtodec(o)+x;
}
main()
{
clrscr();
int x,y,k;
cout<<endl<<"Enter the value of x in decimal notation:";
cin>>x;
Dept of CS&E Page 19
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

octal h(x);
cout<<endl<<"Corresponding value of x in octal notation,h="<<h;
cout<<endl<<"Enter the value of k in decimal notation:";
cin>>k;
cout<<"The value of k="<<k;
y=h+k;
cout<<endl<<"The value of h+k in decimal notation,y="<<y;
getch();
return 0;
}

10. Write a C++ program to create a class called QUEUE with member functions to add an
element and to delete an element from the queue. Using the member functions, implement
a queue of integers and double. Demonstrate the operations by displaying the contents of
the queue after every operation.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
#define size 3
template<class t>
class queue
{
private:
t a[size];
int f,r;
public:
queue();
~queue();
void add();
void del();
void dis();
};
template<class t>
queue<t>::queue()
{
f=-1;
r=-1;
}
template<class t>
Dept of CS&E Page 20
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

queue<t>::~queue()
{
}
template<class t>
void queue<t>::add()
{
if(r==size-1)
cout<<endl<<"queue is full";
else
{
r++;
cout<<endl<<"Enter the data:";
cin>>a[r];
if(f==-1)
f=0;
}
}
template<class t>
void queue<t>::dis()
{
if(f==-1)
cout<<endl<<"queue is empty";
else
{
cout<<endl<<"Content of queue:"<<endl;
for(int i=f;i<=r;i++)
cout<<setw(5)<<a[i];
}
}
template<class t>
void queue<t>::del()
{
if(f==-1)
cout<<endl<<"queue is empty";
else
{
cout<<endl<<"Deleted element is"<<a[f];
if(f==r)
f=r=-1;
else
f=f+1;
}
}
main()
{
Dept of CS&E Page 21
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

queue<int>q;
int ch=1;
clrscr();
while(ch)
{
cout<<endl<<"Enter 1 to add a data to queue:";
cout<<endl<<"Enter 2 to delete a data from the queue:";
cout<<endl<<"Enter 0 to quit:";
cout<<endl<<"Enter your choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
q.add();
q.dis();
break;
case 2:
q.del();
q.dis();
break;
}
}
getch();
return 0;
}

11. Write a C++ program to create a class called DLIST (doubly Linked List) with member
functions to insert a node at a specified position and delete a node from a specified position
of the list. Demonstrate the operations by displaying the content of the list after every
operation.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node
{
int data;
node *llink,*rlink;
};
class dlist
{
private:
struct node *head;
Dept of CS&E Page 22
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

public:
dlist();
~dlist();
void create();
void addatpos();
void delatpos();
void dis();
};
dlist::dlist()
{
head=NULL;
}
dlist::~dlist()
{
delete head;
}
void dlist::create()
{
int no,i;
struct node *n;
cout<<endl<<"Enter number of elements:";
cin>>no;
for(i=1;i<=no;i++)
{
n=new node;
n->rlink=NULL;
n->llink=NULL;
cout<<endl<<"Enter the data:";
cin>>n->data;
if(head==NULL)
head=n;
else
{
n->rlink=head;
head->llink=n;
head=n;
}
}
return;
}
void dlist::addatpos()
{
struct node *n;
int p;
cout<<endl<<"Enter position:";
Dept of CS&E Page 23
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

cin>>p;
n=new node;
n->llink=NULL;
n->rlink=NULL;
cout<<endl<<"Enter data:";
cin>>n->data;
if(p==1)
{
n->rlink=head;
head->llink=n;
head=n;
}
else
{
int i=1;
struct node *t;
t=head;
while(i<=p-2)
{
t=t->rlink;
i++;
}
n->rlink=t->rlink;
t->rlink->llink=n;
n->llink=t;
t->rlink=n;
}
return;
}
void dlist::delatpos()
{
struct node *t;
int i,p;
cout<<endl<<"Enter position:";
cin>>p;
if(p==1)
{
head=head->rlink;
head->llink=NULL;
return;
}
t=head;
i=1;
while(i<p&&t!=NULL)
{
Dept of CS&E Page 24
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

t=t->rlink;
i++;
}
if(t->rlink==NULL)
t->llink->rlink=NULL;
else
{
t->llink->rlink=t->rlink;
t->rlink->llink=t->llink;
}
return;
}
void dlist::dis()
{
struct node *t;
t=head;
if(t==NULL)
cout<<endl<<"Empty list:";
else
{
cout<<endl<<"Content of the list"<<endl;
while(t!=NULL)
{
cout<<setw(5)<<t->data;
t=t->rlink;
}
}
return;
}
main()
{
dlist d;
int ch=1;
clrscr();
while(ch)
{
cout<<endl<<"Enter 1 to create double linked list:";
cout<<endl<<"Enter 2 to add element at position:";
cout<<endl<<"Enter 3 to delete an element at a position:";
cout<<endl<<"Enter 0 to quit:";
cout<<endl<<"Enter your choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
Dept of CS&E Page 25
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

d.create();
d.dis();
break;
case 2:
d.addatpos();
d.dis();
break;
case 3:
d.delatpos();
d.dis();
break;
}
}
getch();
return 0;
}

12. Write a C++ program to create a class called STUDENT with data members USN,
Name and Age. Using inheritance, create the classes UGSTUDENT and PGSTUDENT
having fields as Semester, Fees and Stipend. Enter the data for at least 5 students. Find the
semester-wise average age for all UG and PG students
separately.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
#include<conio.h>
class student
{
private:
char name[20];
int reg,age;
public:
student();
~student();
void getsdata();
int giveage();
};
student::student()
{
}
student::~student()
Dept of CS&E Page 26
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

{
}
int student::giveage()
{
return age;
}
void student::getsdata()
{
cout<<endl<<"Name:";
cin>>name;
cout<<"Reg.No.:";
cin>>reg;
cout<<"Age:";
cin>>age;
}
class ugstudent:public student
{
private:
int sem,fee,sti;
public:
ugstudent();
~ugstudent();
void getugdata();
int givesem();
};
ugstudent::ugstudent()
{
}
ugstudent::~ugstudent()
{
}
void ugstudent::getugdata()
{
getsdata();
cout<<"Semester:";
cin>>sem;
cout<<"Fee:";
cin>>fee;
cout<<"Stipend:";
cin>>sti;
}
int ugstudent::givesem()
{
return sem;
}
Dept of CS&E Page 27
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

class pgstudent:public student

{
private:
int sem,fee,sti;
public:
pgstudent();
~pgstudent();
void getpgdata();
int givesem();
};
pgstudent::pgstudent()
{
}
pgstudent::~pgstudent()
{
}
void pgstudent::getpgdata()
{
student::getsdata();
cout<<"Semester:";
cin>>sem;
cout<<"Fee:";
cin>>fee;
cout<<"Stipend:";
cin>>sti;
}
int pgstudent::givesem()
{
return sem;
}
main()
{
ugstudent u[10];
pgstudent p[10];
int i,n;
clrscr();
cout<<endl<<"Enter number of students:";
cin>>n;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
cout<<endl<<"Enter the details of UG student"<<i<<endl;
u[i].getugdata();
}
for(int s=1;s<=8;s++)
{
Dept of CS&E Page 28
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

float sum=0;
int flag=0,cou=0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(u[i].givesem()==s)
{
sum=sum+u[i].giveage();
flag=1;
cou++;
}
if(flag==1)
cout<<endl<<s<<"Semester"<<"average age is"<<sum/cou;
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
cout<<endl<<"Enter thge details of PG student"<<i<<endl;
p[i].getpgdata();
}
for(s=1;s<=8;s++)
{
float sum=0;
int flag=0,cou=0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(p[i].givesem()==s)
{
sum=sum+p[i].giveage();
flag=1;
cou++;
}
if(flag==1)
cout<<endl<<s<<"Semester"<<"average age is"<<sum/cou;
}
getch();
return 0;
}

13. Write a C++ program to create a class called STRING and implement the following
operations. Display the results after every operation by overloading the operator <<.
(i) STRING s1 = “VTU”
(ii) STRING s2 = “BELGAUM”
(iii) STRING s3 = s1 + s2 (Use copy constructor)

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
Dept of CS&E Page 29
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

#include<string.h>
class string
{
private:
char s[20];
public:
string();
~string();
string(char x[]);
string(string & x);
friend string operator+(string s1,string s2);
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &print,string x);
};
string::string()
{
}
string::string(char x[])
{
strcpy(s,x);
}
string::string(string & x)
{
strcpy(s,x.s);
}
string::~string()
{
}
string operator+(string s1,string s2)
{
string temp(s1);
strcat(temp.s,s2.s);
return temp;
}
ostream & operator<<(ostream & print,string x)
{
print<<x.s<<endl;
return print;
}
main()
{
clrscr();
string s1="VTU";
cout<<endl<<"First string is"<<s1;
string s2="BELAGAUM";
cout<<endl<<"Second string is"<<s2;
Dept of CS&E Page 30
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

string s3=s1+s2;
cout<<endl<<"Resultant string is"<<s3;
getch();
return 0;
}

14. Write a C++ program to create a class called BIN_TREE (Binary Tree) with member
functions to perform in-order, preorder and post-order traversals. Create a BIN_TREE
object and demonstrate the traversals.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
struct node
{
int data;
node*llink,*rlink;
};
class btree
{
private:
node*root;
public:
btree();
~btree();
struct node*create();
void inorder(node *root);
void preorder(node *root);
void postorder(node *root);
};
btree::btree()
{
root=NULL;
}
btree::~btree()
{
delete root;
}
node *btree::create()
{
node *n,*f,*c;
int i,no;
cout<<endl<<"Enter member of elements in the tree:";
cin>>no;
Dept of CS&E Page 31
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

for(i=1;i<=no;i++)
{
n=new node;
n->llink=NULL;
n->rlink=NULL;
cout<<endl<<"Enter the data:";
cin>>n->data;
if(root==NULL)
root=n;
else
{
f=root;
c=root;
while(c!=NULL)
{
f=c;
if(n->data<c->data)
c=c->llink;
else
c=c->rlink;
}
if(n->data<f->data)
f->llink=n;
else
f->rlink=n;
}
}
return root;
}
void btree::inorder(struct node *root)
{
if(root!=NULL)
{
inorder(root->llink);
cout<<root->data<<setw(5);
inorder(root->rlink);
}
}
void btree::preorder(struct node *root)
{
if(root!=NULL)
{
cout<<root->data<<setw(5);
preorder(root->llink);
preorder(root->rlink);
Dept of CS&E Page 32
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

}
}
void btree::postorder(struct node *root)
{
if(root!=NULL)
{
postorder(root->llink);
postorder(root->rlink);
cout<<root->data<<setw(5);
}
}
main()
{
clrscr();
btree b;
struct node *root;
root=b.create();
cout<<endl<<"Inorder traversal:"<<endl;
b.inorder(root);
cout<<endl<<"Preorder traversal:"<<endl;
b.preorder(root);
cout<<endl<<"Postorder traversal:"<<endl;
b.postorder(root);
getch();
return 0;
}

15. Write a C++ program to create a class called EXPRESSION. Using appropriate
member functions convert a given valid Infix expression into postfix form. Display the infix
and postfix expressions.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<ctype.h>
class expression
{
private:
char infix[20],postfix[20],stack[20];
int top;
public:
expression();
expression(char s[20]);
~expression();
void push(char ch);
Dept of CS&E Page 33
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

char pop();
int priority(char ch);
void infixtopostfix();
void dis();
};
expression::expression()
{
top=-1;
}
expression::expression(char s[20])
{
strcpy(infix,s);
top=-1;
}
expression::~expression()
{
}
void expression::push(char ch)
{
top=top+1;
stack[top]=ch;
}
char expression::pop()
{
char ch;
ch=stack[top];
top=top-1;
return ch;
}
int expression::priority(char ch)
{
int p;
switch(ch)
{
case'/':
case'*':
p=2;
break;
case'+':
case'_':
p=1;
break;
case'(':
p=0;
break;
Dept of CS&E Page 34
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

case'#':
p=-1;
break;
}
return p;
}
void expression::infixtopostfix()
{
int i,p;
char ch;
i=0;
p=0;
push('#');
while(infix[i]!='\0')
{
ch=infix[i];
switch(ch)
{
case'(':
push(ch);
break;
case')':
while(stack[top]!='(')
{
postfix[p]=pop();
p=p+1;
}
pop();
break;
case'*':
case'/':
case'+':
case'-':
while(priority(stack[top])>=priority(ch))
{
postfix[p]=pop();
p=p+1;
}
push(ch);
break;
default:
postfix[p]=ch;
p=p+1;
}
i=i+1;
Dept of CS&E Page 35
 OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

}
while(stack[top]!='#')
{
postfix[p]=pop();
p=p+1;
}
postfix[p]='\0';
return;
}
void expression::dis()
{
cout<<postfix;
}
main()
{
char s[20];
clrscr();
cout<<endl<<"Enter a valid infix expression:";
cin>>s;
expression ex(s);
ex.infixtopostfix();
cout<<"Converted postfix expression:";
ex.dis();
getch();
return 0;
}

Dept of CS&E Page 36