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Turning Centers Machine Code Glossary

G-code is the most widely used numerical control programming language used primarily in computer-aided manufacturing to control automated machine tools. It uses code instructions to define tool paths and movements, such as linear, circular, and feedrates. Common G-codes for turning centers control motions, coordinate systems, tool compensation, canned cycles, and more. M-codes are also used to control auxiliary functions like coolant, spindle control, and program stops.

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64 views3 pages

Turning Centers Machine Code Glossary

G-code is the most widely used numerical control programming language used primarily in computer-aided manufacturing to control automated machine tools. It uses code instructions to define tool paths and movements, such as linear, circular, and feedrates. Common G-codes for turning centers control motions, coordinate systems, tool compensation, canned cycles, and more. M-codes are also used to control auxiliary functions like coolant, spindle control, and program stops.

Uploaded by

Laura B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Machine Code Glossary for Turning Centers

What is G-Code?
G-code is the common name for the most widely used numerical control (NC) programming
language. Used primarily in automation, it is part of computer-aided engineering. G-code is also
known as “G programming language”.

In basic terms, G-code is a language in which people tell computerized machine tools what to
make and how to make it. The "how" is defined by instructions on where to move to (direction of
travel), how fast to move (rapid or controlled feedrate) and through what path to move (linear,
circular, etc). The most common example is that, within a machine tool, a cutting tool is moved
according to these instructions through a toolpath, cutting away excess material to leave only the
finished workpiece. The same concept also applies to non-cutting tools, such as forming or
burnishing tools and to measuring probes that validate the results.

Commonly Used G Codes for Turning Centers

G00 = Linear (rapid) positioning motion.


G01 = Linear (feed) interpolation motion.
G02 = CW (clockwise) circular interpolation motion.
G03 = CCW (counter clockwise) circular interpolation motion.
G04 = Dwell (stop for specified time). Where “X” = seconds and “P” = miliseconds.
G09 = Exact stop check. (*Non-modal)
G10 = Programmable offset value setting.
G14 = Main spindle shift to sub-spindle ON.
G15 = Main spindle shift to sub-spindle OFF.
G20 = Inch coordinate positioning data input.
G21 = Metric coordinate positioning data input.
G27 = Reference point return check.
G28 = Return to reference point.
G29 = Return from reference point.
G30 = Return to 2nd, 3rd and 4th reference point.
G31 = Feed until skip (cutting) function.
G32 = Constant lead thread cutting path. (*Modal)
G34 = Variable lead thread cutting.
G36 = Automatic tool compensation X.
G37 = Automatic tool compensation Z.
G40 = Tool nose radius compensation OFF.
G41 = Tool nose radius compensation left.
G42 = Tool nose radius compensation right.
G43 = Apply tool length positive compensation.
G44 = Apply tool length negative compensation.

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G49 = Tool length compensation OFF.
G50 = Maximum spindle speed setting (RPM limit).
G51 = Turn on scale factors.
G52 = Local workshift for all coordinate systems: Add XYZ offsets.
G53 = Machine coordinate positioning (cancel work offsets). (*Non-modal)
G54 = Work coordinate shift (Fixture offset #1).
G55 thru G59 = Work coordinate shift (Fixture offsets #2 thru #6).
G61 = Exact stop check mode. (*Modal)
G62 = Automatic corner override.
G63 = Tapping mode.
G64 = Best speed path.
G65 = User macro programming simple call.
G66 = User macro programming modal call.
G67 = User macro programming modal call OFF.
G68 = Mirror image for double turrets, ON.
G69 = Mirror image for double turrets, OFF.
G70 = Finishing turning cycle.
G71 = O.D. / I.D. rough stock removal cycle.
G72 = End face rough stock removal cycle.
G73 = Pattern repeating cycle.
G74 = Peck drilling cycle.
G75 = O.D. / I.D. grooving cycle.
G76 = Thread cutting cycle, multiple pass.
G80 = Cancel canned cycle.
G81 = Drill canned cycle.
G82 = Spot drill / counterbore canned cycle.
G83 = Face drilling canned cycle.
G84 = Face tapping canned cycle.
G85 = Boring canned cycle. Feed in, feed out.
G86 = Boring canned cycle. Feed in, dwell, feed out.
G87 = Boring canned cycle. Feed in, stop, manual retract out.
G88 = Boring canned cycle. Feed in, dwell, manual retract out.
G89 = Boring canned cycle. Feed in, dwell, bore out.
G90 = O.D. / I.D. turning cycle. (*Modal)
G92 = Thread cut turning cycle. (*Modal)
G94 = End face turning cycle. (*Modal)
G96 = Constant surface speed control ON.
G97 = Constant surface speed control OFF.
G98 = Feedrate per minute.
G99 = Feedrate per revolution.
*Note: Modal is defined as a code which stays in effect until replaced, or cancelled by,
another permitted code. Non-modal means the code executes only once.

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Standard M Codes for Turning Centers

M00 = Program stop.


M01 = Optional stop.
M02 = End of program (no rewind).
M03 = Spindle on CW (clockwise rotation).
M04 = Spindle on CCW (counter clockwise rotation).
M05 = Spindle stop.
M06 = Tool change.
M07 = Coolant ON (mist).
M08 = Coolant ON (flood).
M09 = Coolant OFF.
M13 = Spindle ON (CW rotation) + Coolant ON.
M14 = Spindle ON (CCW rotation) + Coolant ON.
M30 = End of program, rewind and reset modes.
M98 = Call subroutine program.
M99 = Return from subroutine program.

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