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Gas Turbine and Rocket Propulsion (SPC492) : Aerospace Department

This document provides an overview of a course on gas turbine and rocket propulsion engines. The course will cover topics such as gas turbine cycle thermodynamics, engine component performance analysis, and rocket thermodynamics. The objectives are to enable students to analyze and optimize aero-gas turbine engines at their design point, evaluate off-design performance, and integrate design and off-design analysis into preliminary engine design. References for the course include textbooks on gas turbine propulsion and aircraft propulsion systems. The introduction discusses different types of gas turbine engines like turbojets, turbofans, turboprops and how their performance is assessed based on factors like range, efficiency, and specific fuel consumption.

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186 views20 pages

Gas Turbine and Rocket Propulsion (SPC492) : Aerospace Department

This document provides an overview of a course on gas turbine and rocket propulsion engines. The course will cover topics such as gas turbine cycle thermodynamics, engine component performance analysis, and rocket thermodynamics. The objectives are to enable students to analyze and optimize aero-gas turbine engines at their design point, evaluate off-design performance, and integrate design and off-design analysis into preliminary engine design. References for the course include textbooks on gas turbine propulsion and aircraft propulsion systems. The introduction discusses different types of gas turbine engines like turbojets, turbofans, turboprops and how their performance is assessed based on factors like range, efficiency, and specific fuel consumption.

Uploaded by

ganam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Aerospace Department

Gas Turbine and Rocket Propulsion


(SPC492)

Instructor:

Ahmed Eltaweel ([email protected])

TAs:

Asmaa Alaa ([email protected])

Basma Ibrahim ([email protected])

Lubna Arafa ([email protected])



Spring 2018



Course Contents

•  Review of thermodynamics and gas dynamics



•  Gas turbine cycle thermodynamics and thrust
equation

•  Engine component performance

•  Design point analysis of ideal and real cycles of:

–  Turbojet engines

–  Turbofan engines

–  Turboprop engines

Course Contents (Cont.)

•  Off-design performance of:



–  Turbojet engines

–  Turbofan engines

–  Turboprop engines

•  Rocket thermodynamics

•  Rocket component analysis

Course Objectives

•  Generally, the objective is to provide the capability of
conducting preliminary engine design analysis:

–  Analyze and optimize aero-gas turbine engines at design
point.

–  Evaluate engines off design performance.


–  Integrate design point and off design performance into


global preliminary design scheme.

References

•  Text Book: Jack D. Mattingly, “Elements of Gas Turbine
Propulsion”, McGraw-Hill 1996.

•  Additional references:

–  J.D. Mattingly, “Elements of Propulsion Gas Turbines and Rockets”,
2006.

–  S.Faroukhi, “Aircraft Propulsion”, 2009.

–  H. Cohen, G.F.C Rogers, H.Saravanamuttoo, “Gas Turbine Theory”,
1996.

–  J.L.Kerrbrock, “Aircraft Gas Turbines and Engines”, 1992.

–  P.G. Hill, G.R.Peterson, “Mechanics and Thermodynamics of
Propulsion”, 1992.

–  J.D.Mattingly, W.H.Hieser, D.H.Daley, “Aircraft Engine Design”,
2002.

Introduction

•  What is propulsion?

–  To move a vehicle by generating thrust force that has
magnitude and direction

–  To obtain such propulsive force, engines consumes fuel.


–  Propulsion is an applied and multidisciplinary field (thermal


science, aerodynamics, stress analysis, control, production,
materials)

Introduction: Types of GTEs

 

•  Turbojet engine.
 

•  Low bypass turbofan engines (mixed)


 

•  High bypass turbofan engine (unmixed)


1.2. COMPRESSIBLE FLOW
 

•  Direct drive turboprop engines


 

•  Ramjet engines
Figure 1.2: Nozzles and compression devices for rockets
Introduction: Types of GTEs

•  Single Spool Turbojet Engine

(General Electric J85-GE-17A Turbojet)

Northrop F5 Tiger II

Introduction: Types of GTEs

•  Two Spool Turbojet Engine

(Rolls Royce-SNECMA Olympus 593)



HP compressor
LP compressor
After

Burner

LP turbine
HP turbine
Concorde

Northrop F5 Tiger II

Introduction: Types of GTEs

•  Two Stream Turbofan Engine

(PW 4000-turbofan Engine)

Airbus A310-300

Northrop F5 Tiger II

Introduction: Types of GTEs

•  Two Stream Turbofan Engine

(Pratt Whitney-F100-PW-229)

F 16

Northrop F5 Tiger II

Introduction: Types of GTEs

•  Direct Drive Turboprop Engine

Mitsubishi MU-2
(Garrett TPE331)

Northrop F5 Tiger II

Introduction: Types of GTEs

•  Free Turbine Turboprop Engine

(Pratt Whitney T6)

Northrop F5 Tiger II

de Havilland Canada Dash 7

Introduction: How to assess engine performance ?

•  The Range Factor (RF) considers the impact of the specific
fuel consumption on the final choice (Wf).

•  The variations in engine weight (Weng) resulting from


engine type and variations in the design parameters are
also considered.

•  In addition, the engine drag (Deng) impact due to engine


configuration and size is also included in the RF.

w f + w eng
RF =
F − D eng
Introduction: How to assess engine performance ?

RF =1000 KM

Introduction: How to assess engine performance ?

RF =8000 KM

Introduction: How to assess engine performance ?

•  Propulsive Efficiency


F.V0 2F.V0
!p = !

w! o m! eVe2 " m! 0V02

•  The main loss is the KE dumped into the atmosphere.


•  For single stream jet engine


2V0 2 2
!p = ! !
Ve +V0 Ve +1 ( F ) 1 + 2
V0 m! 0 V0
Introduction: How to assess engine performance ?

•  Propulsive Efficiency (cont.)



Introduction: How to assess engine performance ?

•  Of course the thrust is the main output for propelling engines. It is
the price of obtaining that thrust which is set for comparison.
INTRODUC

1.3


"--Turbojet

•  An obvious parameter is the I.I )/



,/~
"/

specific fuel consumption /


/
I Low-BPR turbofan

/ /
(SFC) S=fuel flow rate/Thrust
'f§
,
/ /...._____
/
iil 0.7 High-BPR turbofan
(
8 Conventionalprop.,.....-//
/,
.
-.......
]
0.5 / / /1.11 ~vanced prclp lill• __./
t
<ll /
/ I

0.3
//C-
......
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Aircraft Mach number

FIGURE 1-17b
Thrust specific fuel consumption characteristics of typical aircraft engines. (Courtesy o
Whitney.) .
Introduction: Why Gas Turbine Engines?

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