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Free Electricity From Nano Generators: Presente Dby

The document describes a nano generator that uses zinc oxide nanowires to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The nanowires exhibit piezoelectric properties that produce small electrical charges when flexed. Researchers have demonstrated that arrays of these nanowires can harvest energy from sources like movement, vibration, and fluid flow. This nano generator could power small devices by scavenging ambient mechanical energy from the environment.

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706 views10 pages

Free Electricity From Nano Generators: Presente Dby

The document describes a nano generator that uses zinc oxide nanowires to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The nanowires exhibit piezoelectric properties that produce small electrical charges when flexed. Researchers have demonstrated that arrays of these nanowires can harvest energy from sources like movement, vibration, and fluid flow. This nano generator could power small devices by scavenging ambient mechanical energy from the environment.

Uploaded by

9059826086
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FREE ELECTRICITY FROM NANO GENERATORS

Presente d by

V. Phani Shyam P. Vijay Sai


III/IV B. Tech E.E.E III/IV B. Tech
E.E.E
B.E.C B.E.C
Bapatla. Bapatla.
Email:[email protected] Email:[email protected]
Contact no:

Abstract:

Materials Science research is now entered a new phase where the structure and
properties of materials are investigated, characterized and controlled at the nano
scale. Today's portable electronics depend on batteries for power. Batteries and
other traditional sources are too large, and tend to negate the size advantages of
nano devices. Now researchers have demonstrated that easy-to-make,
inexpensive nanowires can harvest mechanical energy, To overcome these
challenges researches are finding alternative ways, and nano generator is one
promising answer. A nano generator take advantage of unique coupled
piezoelectric & semi conducting properties of zinc oxide nano structure (wires),
which produce small electrical charges when they are flexed. By finding a way
to collect electricity from multiple nano wires, the researchers took a big step
toward a practical nano-scale power generator. When you walk, you generate 67
watts. Your finger movement is 0.1 watt. Your breathing is one watt. If you can
convert a fraction of that, you can power a device. From the concept we've
demonstrated, we can convert 17-30 percent of that energy. Consequently,
researchers are developing innovative technologies to convert various forms of
energy into electrical energy for low power nano devices. In this paper the
piezoelectric zinc oxide nano wire arrays are used to demonstrate a novel
approach for converting nano mechanical energy into electrical energy.

KEYWORDS:

Piezoelectric, nanogenerator, electro spinbing

Introduction:

Over the past decades, intensive research efforts have been carried out in
developing energy harvesting system for portable and wireless applications. In
particular, piezoelectric generator offers the most robust and simple solutions
for mechanical energy harvesting. The main advantage of piezoelectric
generator is its scalability. This is why the recent reports of energy harvesting
from the environment using ZnO nanowire arrays have attracted great interests
by scaling down the power source to nanoscale. PVDF is a highly non-reactive,
flexible, inexpensive, and leading polymer with good piezoelectric property.
However, it must first be stretched and poled in a strong electrical field for its
piezoelectricity. In this work, we present a direct-write technology to produce
and place piezoelectric PVDF nanofibers at the same time with the in-situ
poling and mechanical stretching process simultaneously as the foundation for
nanogenerators .

Schematic showing the experimental setup for the piezoelectric charge detection
from an individual barium-titanate nano wire.

We have developed a nanowire nanogenerator that is driven by an ultrasonic


wave to produce continuous direct-current output. The nanogenerator was
fabricated with vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowire arrays that were placed
beneath a zigzag metal electrode with a small gap. The wave drives the
electrode up and down to bend and/or vibrate the nano wires. A piezoelectric-
semiconducting coupling process converts mechanical energy into electricity.
A graph showing spikes of electric discharge as the nano wires are scanned
The zigzag electrode acts as an array of parallel integrated metal tips that
simultaneously and continuously create, collect, and output electricity from all
of the nanowires

Their results confirm a theory: zinc oxide nanowires will show a powerful
piezoelectric effect, which is the production of electricity in response to
mechanical pressure. Ordinarily the positive and negative charges of zinc and
oxygen ions in these crystalline nanowires cancel each other out. But when the
wires, which are chemically grown to stand on end on top of an electrode, bend
in response to, say, a vibration, the ions are displaced. This unbalances the
charges and creates an electric field that produces a current when the nanowire
is connected to a circuit.

Although each nanowire alone produces very little power, Wang says, "with
simultaneous output from many nanowires, we can generate high power,"
enough to run a small medical implant. The work reported in Science involved
only single nanowires, but Wang says his lab has already developed technology
to harvest power from multiple nanowires.

Because the chemical process by which the wires can be grown is inexpensive,
at some point it may be practical to produce large arrays that are capable of
providing enough power for consumer electronics. "We can grow these on
polymer substrates at very low cost," Wang says. "Our goal is to one day put
these into people's shoes so you can generate electricity when you're walking."

Design and fabrication of nano generator

Nanowires made of zinc oxide convert vibrations into electricity

SYSTEM DESIGN AND FABRICATION :


We have electrospun PVDF nanofibers from different solutions using NFES
In our experiment, PVDF is dissolved in both dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and
dimethyl formamide (DMF) solutions with concentration ranging from 5-20 wt
%. The PVDF solutions with concentration less than 10 wt% are too thin
while those with concentration higher than 20 wt% are too viscous, making
NFES and conventional electrospinning from these solutions impossible. PVDF
solutions with concentration ranging from 12.5-15 wt% would possess the
optimal visco-elasticity for the electrospinning process. Since DMSO and
DMF are not volatile solvents, the addition of acetone in the solvents is required
to adjust the evaporation rate of the polymer solution, which is a crucial factor
in the electrospinning process. In our experiment conditions, we find that the
solvent-to-acetone weight ratio of 8:2 is suitable for NFES. Too many acetones
in the solvent would cause the polymer droplet to dry out rapidly during
electrospinning and terminate the process. Furthermore, because of the low
electrical conductivity of the DMSO, DMF, and PVDF, we add tetra butyl
ammonium chloride (TBAC) to improve the electrical conductivity of PVDF
solution so that ionic charges are increased to induce more electrical force to
stretch the polymer jet. Detailed experimental conditions and operating
parameters are
Figure show the fabrication process of the nanogenerator. First, two aluminum
electrodes are put on the plastic substrate with a spacing of 500 μm to 1 mm.
The aluminum electrodes serve as the collector for NFES process and output
leads for piezoelectricity measurement. Secondly, we directly write PVDF
nanofiber across two grounded aluminum electrodes using the NFES process.
Finally, silver pastes are applied at the two ends of PVDF nanofiber so that the
bonding between nanofiber and electrodes are reinforced and the contact
resistance is reduced. Figure 4(c) shows actual device with a single PVDF
nanofiber. The PVDF nanofiber has a diameter of 700 nm and is suspended
across two aluminum electrodes that are 700 μm apart .
Advantages and Potential Applications:

The piezoelectric nanogenerator could potentially convert the following into


electric energy for self-powering nanodevices and nanosystems:

 mechanical-movement energy, such as body or muscle movement or


blood pressure;
 vibration energy, from acoustic or ultrasonic waves; and
 hydraulic energy, such as from the fow of body fuids or blood, the con-
traction of blood vessels, or dynamic fuid in nature.
 The microelectro mechanical systems microgenerator, which is mostly
built on a piezoelectric thin-flm cantilever, can also convert such energy
into electric energy. However, the ZnO NW- based nanogenerators offer
the following advantages:
 Because NWs can grow on any substrate at a low temperature, you can
integrate NW-based nanogenerators with inorganic and organic materials
for fexible electronics.
 NW-based nanogenerators work in a wide frequency range, from a few
hertz to multiple megahertz. Also, the NW’s mechanical resonance isn’t
required to generate electricity.
 ZnO is biocompatible and environ-mentally friendly.
 NWs have superelasticity and are very resistive to fatigue, owing to
their small diameter, so we expect the nanogenerators to be long-lasting.
 With a large surface area, NW functionality might provide additional
advantages, such as surface modifcation.
Consequently, the NW-based nanogenerator could support important
applications in a variety of fields. For example, it could help wireless
self-powered nanodevices harvest energy from the environment. It could also
provide a method for indirectly charging a battery. For biomedical
sciences, self-powered nanodevices could offer real-time monitoring of
blood pres-sure and blood-sugar levels. They might also perform in-vivo
detection of cancer cells or wirelessly measure fluid pressure in the brain.
For environmental science, the nanogenerator could remotely sense gas and
chemical species and track animal-migration activities.

For personal electronics, it offers the possibility of charging a battery


using energy harvested from a human walking, swinging his or her arms,
or stretching his or her legs. It might also harvest energy from sound and
ultrasound waves, wind and air flow, mechanical vibration, or even thermal
noises. The nanogenerator could also help harvest and recycle wasted
energy, such as energy created by a tire’s pres-sure change, a moving car’s
mechanical vibration, or a tent surface’s vibration.

CONCLUSION
In this , piezoelectric PVDF nano fiber and PVDF-CNT composite nano fiber
are directly written and polarized simultaneously onto the plastic substrate as
nanogenerator using NFES. For the first time, the piezoelectric response of
PVDF nano fiber is recorded due to the direct-write capability of NFES.
Repeated and consistent output voltage up to 8.5mV has been generated under
an external strain of 0.092% from a single PVDF-CNT composite nano fiber, of
which the output power would be ~7.2 pW. The principle and the
nanogenerator demonstrated could be the basis for new self-powered nano
devices that harvest electricity from the environment for applications such as
implantable biomedical devices, wireless sensors, and portable electronics.

References

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