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Bacillus Thuringiensis Is A Bacterium That Is Pathogenic For A Number of Insect Pests. Its Lethal

Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered by inserting genes from other species to produce new traits. Examples include plants made resistant to herbicides by inserting genes for herbicide tolerance, and plants made resistant to insects by inserting genes for bacterial toxins. Transgenic animals also have foreign genes inserted, and examples include sheep that express human proteins in their milk, chickens that express human proteins in egg whites, and pigs that may someday be a source of transplant organs for humans. The purposes of transgenic animals include studying genetic systems, modeling genetic diseases, and improving production traits or creating new products.

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Princess Janine Catral
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53 views1 page

Bacillus Thuringiensis Is A Bacterium That Is Pathogenic For A Number of Insect Pests. Its Lethal

Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered by inserting genes from other species to produce new traits. Examples include plants made resistant to herbicides by inserting genes for herbicide tolerance, and plants made resistant to insects by inserting genes for bacterial toxins. Transgenic animals also have foreign genes inserted, and examples include sheep that express human proteins in their milk, chickens that express human proteins in egg whites, and pigs that may someday be a source of transplant organs for humans. The purposes of transgenic animals include studying genetic systems, modeling genetic diseases, and improving production traits or creating new products.

Uploaded by

Princess Janine Catral
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Princess Janine B.

Catral BS ChE IV Assignment in Introduction to Biotechnology

I. Transgenic Plants

Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered, a breeding approach that uses recombinant DNA
techniques to create plants with new characteristics. They are identified as a class of genetically modified organism
(GMO). They contain a gene or genes that have been artificially inserted. The inserted gene sequence is known as the
transgene, it may come from an unrelated plant or from a completely different species. The purpose of inserting a
combination of genes in a plant, is to make it as useful and productive as possible.

Types

Transgenic plants have genes inserted into them, deriving from other species. The inserted genes can come from species
within the same kingdom (plant to plant) or between kingdoms (bacteria to plant).

Examples

1. Herbicide Resistant Plants: Glyphosate resistant transgenic tomato, potato, tobacco, cotton etc are developed by
transferring aro A gene into a glyphosate EPSP synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli Sulphonylurea
resistant tobacco plants are produced by transforming the mutant ALS (acetolactate synthetase) gene from Arabidopsis.

2. Insect resistant plants. Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium that is pathogenic for a number of insect pests. Its lethal
effect is mediated by a protein toxin it produces. Through recombinant DNA methods, the toxin gene can be introduced
directly into the genome of the plant, where it is expressed and provides protection against insect pests of the plant.

3. Virus resistant plants. TMV resistant tobacco and tomato plants are produced by introducing viral coat proteins. Other
viral resistant transgenic plants are (a) Potato virus resistant potato plants (b) RSV resistant rice, (c) YMV resistant black
gram and (d) YMV resistant green gram etc.

II. Transgenic Animals

A transgenic animal is one that has integrated a gene or DNA sequence called a transgene, which has been transferred
by human intervention, into the genome of a cell. In other words, a transgenic animal is defined as one that has stably
incorporated the transgene into its germ-line and is able to pass the transgene on to its offspring.

Purposes

(1) Study the genetic control of physiological systems. (2) Build genetic disease models. (3) Improve animal production
traits. (4) Produce new animal products.

Examples

1. Transgenic sheep and goats have been produced that express foreign proteins in their milk.

2. Transgenic chickens are now able to synthesize human proteins in the "white" of their eggs.

3. Transgenic pigs have also been produced by fertilizing normal eggs with sperm cells that have incorporated foreign
DNA. This procedure, called sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) may someday be able to produce transgenic pigs
that can serve as a source of transplanted organs for humans.

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