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Mod Raoult

This document discusses modified Raoult's law and its application to vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculations. It provides the equations for modified Raoult's law that account for non-ideal behavior in the liquid phase using activity coefficients. Examples are given to calculate bubble point and dew point pressures and temperatures, as well as liquid and vapor phase compositions, for different binary systems using these equations and through iterative methods. Practice problems are also provided at the end to work through additional examples.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
131 views20 pages

Mod Raoult

This document discusses modified Raoult's law and its application to vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculations. It provides the equations for modified Raoult's law that account for non-ideal behavior in the liquid phase using activity coefficients. Examples are given to calculate bubble point and dew point pressures and temperatures, as well as liquid and vapor phase compositions, for different binary systems using these equations and through iterative methods. Practice problems are also provided at the end to work through additional examples.

Uploaded by

Ara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KUC:

Modified Raoult’s Law


Review
• What is bubble point?
• What is dew point?
• We have previously go through the 2
simplest models for solving VLE
problems
– Raoult’s Law
– Henry’s Law
VLE

Modified
Raoult’s Law Henry’s Law K-Values
Raoult’s Law
Modified Raoult’s Law
Telah diketahui asumsi-asumsi dalam Hk. Raoult:
1). V phase is an ideal gas
2). L phase is an ideal solution
Bila asumsi 2) dr Hk. Raoult di atas diabaikan
dan digantikan dengan suatu koefisien yang
menyatakan deviasi dari keadaan ideal fase cair,
maka Hk. Raoult menjadi:
yi P  xi i Pi sat
i  1,2,..., N 
 =adalah koefisien aktivitas (activity coefficient)
Koeffisien aktivitas adalah fungsi komposisi fase cair (x)
dan T.

Contoh sistem 2 komponen: ln i  Axi '
2
A=f(T)
y x
Karena &

i i 1 i i 1
maka

P   xi i Pi sat
For bubble point
i
1 For dew point
P
yi
i  i Pi sat
EXAMPLE 10.3: For the system methanol(1)/methyl
acetate(2), the following equations provide a
reasonable correlation for the activity coefficients:
Where
ln  1  Ax 2
2 ln  2  Ax 2
1 A=2.771-0.00523 T.
Antoine equation:

P   xi i Pi sat ln P sat (kPa)  16.59158  3643.31


T Kelvin  33.424
1
i
1 2665.54
P ln P2sat kPa  14.25326 
y
i
i  i Pi sat
T Kelvin  53.424
Find:
a) P and y1, for x1=0.25 and T=318.15K (kasus BULB P)
b) P and x1, for y1=0.60 and T=318.15K (kasus DEW P)
c) T and y1, for x1=0.85 and P=101.33kPa (kasus BULB T)
d) T and x1, for y1=0.40 and P=101.33kPa (kasus DEW T) PR
a) P and y1 ? for x1=0.25 and T=318.15K
P   xi i Pi sat
This is a BUBL P calculation. i

For T=318.15K, the Antoine equations yield:

P 1
sat
 44.51kPa P 2
sat
 65.64kPa
Activity coefficients are calculated from the given
equations;
Where
ln  1  Ax2 ln  2  Ax1 A=2.771-0.00523 T.
2 2

2
2  
 1  exp( Ax )  exp 1.1070.75  1.864
2

2  exp( Ax )  exp 1.1070.25   1.072


2 2
1
P   i i i
x
i
 P sa t

P  (0.25)(1.864)(44.51)  (0.75)(1.072)(65.64)
P  73.50kPa

x P sat
y1  1 1 1
 0.282
P

y2  1  y1  0.718
Atau:
x P sat
y2  2 2 2
 0.718
P
ALGORITMA PERHITUNGAN BUBL P
BUBL P CALCULATION

Find Pi sat

Find  i

Find P from equation 10.6


P  x1 1P1sat  x2 2 P2sat

Find yi from equation 10.5


yi  xi i Pi sat P
b) P and x1 ?, for y1=0. 60 and T=318.15K
This is a DEW P calculation. 1
P
 i i i
y
i
 P sat

Utk T=318.15K, nilai Psat dari pers Antoine dan A


tidak berubah. Tetapi nilai koef aktivitas tidak
dapat diketahui karena nilai xi (komposisi
cairan) tidak diketahui

ln  1  Ax 2
2 ln  2  Ax
2
1
Maka DEW P dpt dilakukan dgn iterasi sbb:
1) mula2 asumsikan 1=2=1.0 (Ideal solution)
2) Hitung DEW P: P
1
 i i i
y
i
 P sat

3) Hitung x1=y1P/1P1sat dan x2=1-x1


4) menggunakan x1 & x2 ini, hitung 1 dan 2
5) kembali ke step 2 gunakan nilai 1 dan 2 ini
untuk hitung DEW P, ulangi terus menerus
sampai nilai 1 dan 2 tidak lg berubah
(konvergen) ln  1  Ax2
2

Hasil iterasi: P = 62.89 kPa x1 = 0.8169


1 = 1.0378 2 = 2.0935

catt: iterasi ini dapat diimplementasikan dalam excel/kalkulator


menggunakan algoritma subtitusi berurut (ingat
kuliah metode numeris). Dapat pula trial dgn solver
ALGORITMA HITUNG DEW P
DEW P CALCULATION

Find Pi sat

Find  1 &  2 . Initial guess is=1

Find P using equation 10.7


1
P
y1  1 P1  y2  2 P2sat
sat

Find xi using equation 10.5


xi  yi P  i Pi sat

Evaluate from the given


equation

Converge?
NO

YES

It is the P dew.
Find liquid phase mole fraction
y1 P
x1  & x2  1  x1
 1 P1sat
c). T and yi?, for x1=0.85 and P=101.33kPa
(BUBL T calculation)
P   xi i Pi sat
i

Coba rancang dengan solver!


Rumus-rumus:
3643.31
ln P1 (kPa)  16.59158 
sat

T Kelvin  33.424
2665.54
ln P2 kPa  14.25326 
sat

T Kelvin  53.424

ln  1  Ax 2
2 ln  2  Ax 2
1
A=2.771-0.00523 T.
d) T and xi? (TUGAS DI RUMAH)
for y1=0.40 and P=101.33kPa
(DEW T calculation!) 1
P
 i i i
y
i
 P sat

COBA RANCANG DENGAN SOLVER!


RUMUS-RUMUS:
3643.31
ln P sat
(kPa)  16.59158 
T Kelvin  33.424
1

2665.54
ln P2sat kPa  14.25326 
T Kelvin  53.424

ln  1  Ax ln  2  Ax
2
2
2
1
A=2.771-0.00523 T.

Coba: trial T dan X


PR1: For the system methanol(1)/methyl
acetate(2), the following equations provide a
reasonable correlation for the activity coefficients:
Where
ln  1  Ax 2
ln  2  Ax 2
2 1 A=2.771-0.00523 T
Antoine equation: ln P sat (kPa)  16.59158  3643.31
T Kelvin  33.424
1

2665.54
ln P2sat kPa  14.25326 
T Kelvin  53.424
Find: a). P and yi, for x1=0.6 and T=330K (BULB P)
b). P and xi, for y1=0.3 and T=330K (DEW P)
c). T and yi, for x1=0.4 and P=90kPa (BUBLB T)
d). T and xi, for y1=0.40 and P=90kPa (DEW T)
Rumus-rumus:

BULB P   xi i Pi sat


DEW P 
1

P/T: i P/T:
 i
yi  i Pi sa t
PR2
Data-fata untuk sistem ethyl ethanoate (1) dan n-
heptane (2) pada 70 C adalah sbb:

Tentukan DEW P pada 70 C dan y1=0.05


menggunakan iterasi berurut dan solver

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