Year 6 – KEYPOINT NOTES

To parents: Use WHAT, WHY, HOW questions. They can use their own words to elaborate first,
then make sure they repeat the answers using accurate science keywords in complete
sentences.

CHAPTER 1: Humans & Animals

1.1Body Organs
The parts inside your body are called ___________. Different organs work together to form
organ _____________.
The major organs are the _____________________________________________.
Make sure you can identify what is the
a) _________________ system
b) _________________ system
c) _________________ system
d) _________________ system

1.2The Heart – The Circulatory System

Heart = ____________________________________
Left side = blood carries _______________ around the body
Right side = carries blood _________________ to the lungs
The blood also carries ___________________ to all parts of the body and carries away
________________ from different parts of the body.
Blood flows in ___________________.

1.3Heartbeat and pulse

You can count your heartbeat by feeling your pulse
Your pulse feels like a small beat under the skin
Your pulse rate increase when you exercise: because your heart need to
_________________ to supply __________________________ for your body.
Your pulse is caused by_________________ of the blood as the heart pumps it around.
The smaller an animal, the __________ their heartbeat are: because it has a
________________________ and pumps with less pressure. Thus, it has to pump blood
faster for it to circulate around the body.

1.4The Lungs and Breathing

 Our lungs contain _____________, which are like little stretchy sacs that fill up with air.
When we breath in, our lungs get bigger and oxygen moves into the blood.
The blood carries oxygen to the body and _____________________________ back to the
lungs.
We get rid of the carbon dioxide when we breath out.
Breath in: __________________, _________________, diaphragm muscle contracts and
lowered.
Breath out: ribs fall, lungs relax, _________________________________________.

1.5The Digestive System

Digestion: changes food by ________________________ into _______________________.
The body need food to help it grow and have energy to work.
Mouth: ________________________________
______________________ (gullet): food swallowed is pushed down through this food pipe
Stomach: contains ____________________ (gastric juice) that turns food into a thick liquid
Intestines: break down food to even smaller particles until they are small enough to
__________________
Undigested bits are pushed out at the end through the anus and comes out as
________________.
Digested food is carried in blood to _______________________.

1.6Kidneys & the excretion system

The kidneys are a pair of organs found at the back of the body, below the ribs.
The main function is to ____________________ from the body as _____________. This is
called excretion.
The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water.
People can function with one kidney.
If both kidney is dysfunctional, they have to go for _________________. They need to get
hooked up to a machine that functions like the kidney to clean their blood.
Or they can get a kidney transplant.

1.7Brain & control of body

The brain is protected by the ________________.
They control our ______________________.
The brain controls everything, our body movements, senses, speech, heartbeat and
breathing.
 The brain is connected to all parts of the body by ______________.
Nerves ______________________________________ very quickly.
The brain and nerves work together to form the nervous system.
Identify the Brain (cerebrum and cerebellum), brain stem and spinal cord.
Brain injuries are serious because the brain controls everything and __________________
itself.

CHAPTER 2: Living things: Interdependence & Adaptation

2.1 Food chains

__________________ is a home in the environment for plants and animals.
All living things in a habitat are called ___________________.
Food chains describe the _________________________ between plants and animals.
The arrow means “eaten by” eg: green plankton  krill  fish  penguins  seal
A food chain always starts with a producer, followed by a herbivore consumer and a carnivore
consumer.
The energy gained from the sunlight is captured by the plants & passes down the food chain.

2.2 Plants Producer

Green plants are producers because they ______________________________ using energy
from sunlight.
They combine _______________ and water to produce sugar (food) through a process called
_____________.
The sugar is used for growth and also stored as starch.
Plants also needs to draw minerals from the soil.

2.3 Consumers
Animals are consumers because they ________________________.
____________________________________________ is called a predator.
Animals eaten by other animals (predators) are called their ________________.

2.4 Food chains in different habitats: Adaptation

There are many kinds of habitats on Earth and plants adapt to live in different habitats.
For eg: _______________________,__________________________, ocean
Different plants will grow in different habitats, attracts different animals, and produce a
different food chain.
In the tropical rainforests, plants on the ground don’t get much sunlight, so they absorb
nutrients from other plants instead. These are called parasites and have adapted to live like
this.
Some other plants grow very tall to reach the sunlight while some plants will climb on the tall
trees to reach the sunlight.

2.5 Deforestation
Deforestation happens when people destroys forest by _______________________.
The main reasons are to collect wood to _________________________, burn wood as
__________, clear land for ______________, mining and to build cities and roads.
Deforestation has a negative effect on the environment as it takes a long time for trees to
grow back.
Plants and animals in the forest will disappear and become _________________.
Trees are needed as they provide _______________ for humans and animals to survive.
They also remove carbon dioxide which cause _________________.
Many modern medicines today are originally made from plants.

2.7 Recycling, Reusing and Reducing

Recycling us when something is not thrown away but processed into something that can be
used again.
By recycling paper, fewer trees will be cut down.
Glass containers, aluminum cans and plastics can be recycled.
Reducing is _______________________________ without waste. Buy food with not a lot of
plastic packaging.
Reusing is _____________________________ to use it again. For example: Reusing water
bottles you bought.
Kitchen and garden wastes can be recycled to make compost.

2.8 Taking care of the environment

We can care for the environment by conserving water and energy.
- Have _________________ instead of bath, don’t leave a tap dripping, collect
______________ to water plants
- Switch off electricity when you are not using it
- Use solar panels to heat your water
- Walk or ride in ____________________ instead of using a car
We can also stop littering to keep our environment clean.
Year 6 – KEYPOINT NOTES
To parents:. Use WHAT, WHY, HOW questions. They can use their own words to elaborate first, then make
sure they repeat the answers using accurate science keywords in complete sentences.

CHAPTER 1: Humans & Animals

1.5 Body Organs

The parts inside your body are called organs. Different organs work together to form organ systems.
The major organs are the heart, stomach and intestines, lungs, kidneys and brain.
Make sure you can identify what is the
e) Circulatory system
f) Respiratory system
g) Digestive System
h) Excretory System

1.6 The Heart – The Circulatory System

Heart = pump blood around the body
Left side = blood carries oxygen around the body
Right side = carries blood without oxygen to the lungs
The blood also carries food and oxygen to all parts of the body and carries away waste products from
different parts of the body.
Blood flows in blood vessels.

1.7 Heartbeat and pulse

You can count your heartbeat by feeling your pulse
Your pulse feels like a small beat under the skin
Your pulse rate increase when you exercise: because your heart need to beat faster to supply more food
and oxygen for your body.
Your pulse is caused by pressure of the blood as the heart pumps it around.
The smaller an animal, the faster their heartbeat are: because it has a smaller heart size and pumps with
less pressure. Thus, it has to pump blood faster for it to circulate around the body.

1.8 The Lungs and Breathing

Our lungs contain alveolus, which are like little stretchy sacs that fill up with air.
When we breath in, our lungs get bigger and oxygen moves into the blood.
The blood carries oxygen to the body and carry away carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
We get rid of the carbon dioxide when we breath out.
Breath in: ribs raised, lungs expanded, diaphragm muscle contracts and lowered.
Breath out: ribs fall, lungs relax, diaphragm muscle relaxed and raised.
1.8 The Digestive System
Digestion: changes food by breaking it down into small particles.
The body need food to help it grow and have energy to work.
Mouth: chop up the food into smaller pieces
Oesophagus (gullet): food swallowed is pushed down through this food pipe
Stomach: contains digestive juices (gastric juice) that turns food into a thick liquid
Intestines: break down food to even smaller particles until they are small enough to move into the blood
Undigested bits are pushed out at the end through the anus and comes out as faeces.
Digested food is carried in blood to all parts of the body.

1.9 Kidneys & the excretion system

The kidneys are a pair of organs found at the back of the body, below the ribs.
The main function is to remove waste from the body as urine. This is called excretion.
The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water.
People can function with one kidney.
If both kidney is dysfunctional, they have to go for dialysis. They need to get hooked up to a machine that
functions like the kidney to clean their blood.
Or they can get a kidney transplant.

1.10 Brain & control of body

The brain is protected by the skull.
The brain controls everything, our body movements, senses, speech, heartbeat and breathing.
They control our muscles and senses.
The brain is connected to all parts of the body by nerves.
Nerves send message to and from the body very quickly.
The brain and nerves work together to form the nervous system.
Identify the Brain (cerebrum and cerebellum), brain stem and spinal cord.
Brain injuries are serious because the brain controls everything and cannot repair itself.

CHAPTER 2: Living things: Interdependence & Adaptation

2.1 Food chains

Habitat is a home in the environment for plants and animals.
All living things in a habitat are called organisms.
Food chains describe the feeding relationship between plants and animals.
The arrow means “eaten by” eg: green plankton  krill  fish  penguins  seal
A food chain always starts with a producer, followed by a herbivore consumer and a carnivore consumer.
The energy gained from the sunlight is captured by the plants and passes down the food chain.

2.2 Plants Producer

Green plants are producers because they produce their own food using energy from sunlight.
They combine carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar (food) through a process called photosynthesis.
The sugar is used for growth and also stored as starch.
Plants also needs to draw minerals from the soil.

2.3 Consumers
Animals are consumers because they eat plants and animals.
An animal that kills and eat another animal is called a predator.
Animals eaten by other animals (predators) are called their prey.

2.4 Food chains in different habitats: Adaptation

There are many kinds of habitats on Earth and plants adapt to live in different habitats.
For eg: Tropical rainforests, savannah desert, ocean
Different plants will grow in different habitats, attracts different animals, and produce a different food chain.
In the tropical rainforests, plants on the ground don’t get much sunlight, so they absorb nutrients from other
plants instead. These are called parasites and have adapted to live like this.
Some other plants grow very tall to reach the sunlight while some plants will climb on the tall trees to reach
the sunlight.

2.5 Deforestation
Deforestation happens when people destroys forest by cutting down trees.
The main reasons are to collect wood to make furniture, burn wood as fuel, clear land for farming, mining
and to build cities and roads.
Deforestation has a negative effect on the environment as it takes a long time for trees to grow back.
Plants and animals in the forest will disappear and become extinct.
Trees are needed as they provide oxygen for humans and animals to survive.
They also remove carbon dioxide which cause global warming.
Many modern medicines today are originally made from plants.

2.7 Recycling, Reusing and Reducing

Recycling us when something is not thrown away but processed into something that can be used again.
By recycling paper, fewer trees will be cut down.
Glass containers, aluminum cans and plastics can be recycled.
Reducing is trying to use less without waste. Buy food with not a lot of plastic packaging.
Reusing is finding other ways to use it again. For example: Reusing water bottles you bought.
Kitchen and garden wastes can be recycled to make compost.

2.8 Taking care of the environment

We can care for the environment by conserving water and energy.
- Have shower instead of bath, don’t leave a tap dripping, collect rainwater to water plants
- Switch off electricity when you are not using it
- Use solar panels to heat your water
- Walk or ride in public transports instead of using a car
We can also stop littering to keep our environment clean.
Forces and Motion

Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

Mass is measured in kilograms, kg and is always the same.
Weight is amount of gravity force that pulls object towards the Earth.
The bigger the mass of an object, the bigger is the gravitational force.
Weight is measured in Newtons.
One kilogram of mass has a force of 10 Newton, N and 100 gram of mass has a force of 1 Newton.
Scales are used to measure mass and forcemeter are used to measure weight.