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File Python

The document discusses file handling in programming. It defines what a file is and explains how to open, read from, write to, and close files using functions like open(), read(), write(), and close() in Python. It provides examples of how to read an entire file, read lines individually, write strings to a file, append to an existing file, and seek to random positions within a file. The document also presents tips for counting the number of characters, words, and lines in a file.

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rameshragala
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114 views

File Python

The document discusses file handling in programming. It defines what a file is and explains how to open, read from, write to, and close files using functions like open(), read(), write(), and close() in Python. It provides examples of how to read an entire file, read lines individually, write strings to a file, append to an existing file, and seek to random positions within a file. The document also presents tips for counting the number of characters, words, and lines in a file.

Uploaded by

rameshragala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Solving and Programming

CSE1001

Prof. Ramesh Ragala

October 14, 2016

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 1 / 21


Introduction to FILE HANDLING

FILE HANDLING

problem
Consider the following scenario
” You are asked to find the number of students who secured centum in
mathematics in their examination. A total of 6 lakhs students appeared for
the examinations and their results are available with us.”
The processing is typically supposed to be automatic and running on a
computer. As data are most helpful when presented systematically and in
fact educational to highlight their practicality.

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 2 / 21


FILE HANDLING

FILE HANDLING

Pseudocode
OPEN file
REPEAT
READ each line of file
SET count = 0
PARSE the line
IF maths mark == 100 THEN
COMPUTE count as count + 1
END IF
until end of file is reached
PRINT count

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 3 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 4 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 5 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Input / Output

Input is any information provided to the program


Keyboard input
Mouse input
File input
Sensor input (microphone, camera, photo cell, etc.)
Output is any information (or effect) that a program produces:
sounds, lights, pictures, text, motion, etc.
on a screen, in a file, on a disk or tape, etc.

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 6 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Kinds of Input and Output

What kinds of Input and Output have we knew


print (to the console)
input (from the keyboard)
So far ...
Input: keyboard input only
Output: graphical and text output transmitted to the computer screen
Any other means of I/O?

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 7 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Necessity of Files

Small businesses accumulate various types of data, such as financial


information related to revenues and expenses and data about
employees, customers and vendors.
Traditional file organization describes storing data in paper files,
within folders and filing cabinets.
Electronic file organization is a common alternative to paper filing;
each system has its benefits and drawbacks.

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 8 / 21


FILE HANDLING

What is a file?

A file is some information or data which stays??? in the computer


storage devices. We already know about different kinds of file, like
music files, video files, text files, etc.

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 9 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Introduction to file handling

Files - Huge volume or Collection of data


Types - Binary, Raw, Text, etc.
Open any file before read/write.

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 10 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Opening a File
file object = open(file name, [access mode],[buffering])

Modes of opening a File:


r - Reading only
r+ - Both Read/Write
w - Writing only
w+ - Both Read/Write
A - Appending
a+ - Appending/Reading
Buffering: If the buffering value is set to 0, no buffering takes place. If
the buffering value is 1, line buffering is performed while accessing a file. If
you specify the buffering value as an integer greater than 1, then buffering
action is performed with the indicated buffer size.
Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 11 / 21
FILE HANDLING

File Object Attributes

Attribute Discription
file.closed Returns True if file is closed, False otherwise
file.mode Returns Access mode with which file was
opened.
file.name Returns name of the file.

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 12 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Example
#p r o c e d u r e t o Open a f i l e

f 1 = open ( ” n o t e . t x t ” , ”wb” )
p r i n t ( ”Name o f t h e f i l e : ” , f 1 . name )
p r i n t ( ” Closed or not : ” , f1 . c l o s e d )
p r i n t ( ” Opening mode : ” , f 1 . mode )

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 13 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Functions for file Handling

The read functions contains different methods:


read() # return one big string
readline() #return one line at a time
readlines() #returns a list of lines
This method writes a sequence of strings to the file.
write () # Used to write a fixed sequence of characters to a file
writelines() # writelines can write a list of strings.
The append function is used to append to the file instead of
overwriting it.
To append to an existing file, simply open the file in append mode
(”a”):
When you’re done with a file, use close() to close it and free up any
system resources taken up by the open file.
Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 14 / 21
FILE HANDLING

Functions Operation Examples

To open a text file, use:


fh = open(”hello.txt”, ”r”)
To read a text file, use:
fh = open(”hello.txt”,”r”)
print (fh.read() )
To read one line at a time, use:
fh = open(”hello.txt”, ”r”)
print (fh.readline() )
To read a list of lines use:
fh = open(”hello.txt.”, ”r”)
print (fh.readlines() )

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 15 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Functions Operation Examples

To write to a file, use:


fh = open(”hello.txt”,”w”)
fh.write(”Hello World”)
fh.close()
To write to a file, use:
fh = open(”hello.txt”, ”w”)
lines of text = [”a line of text”, ”another line of text”, ”a third line”]
fh.writelines(lines of text)
fh.close()
To append to file, use:
fh = open(”Hello.txt”, ”a”)
fh.write(”Hello World again”)
fh.close ()

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 16 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Playing Randomly in files

fileObject.tell() -> current position within a file


fileObject.seek(offset [,from]) -> Move to new file position.
Argument offset is a byte count.
Optional argument whence defaults to 0 (offset from start of file, offset
should be >= 0); other values are 1 (move relative to current position,
positive or negative), and 2 (move relative to end of file, usually
negative, although many platforms allow seeking beyond the end of a
file)

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 17 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Example for random seeking

fobj = open(’/tmp/tempfile’, ’w’)


fobj.write(’0123456789abcdef’)
fobj.close()
fobj = open(’/tmp/tempfile’)
fobj.tell() # tell us the offset position
0L
fobj.seek(5) # Goto 5th byte
fobj.tell()
5L
fobj.read(1) #Read 1 byte
’5’
fobj.seek(-3, 2) # goto 3rd byte from the end
fobj.read() # Read till the end of the file
’def’
Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 18 / 21
FILE HANDLING

Example

import s y s
i f len ( sys . argv )!=3:
p r i n t ( ”Wrong p a r a m e n t e r ” )
p r i n t ( ” p y t h o n f i l e c o p y . py f i l e 1 f i l e 2 ”)
sys . e x i t (1)
f 1=open ( s y s . a r g v [ 1 ] , ” r ” )
s=f 1 . r e a d ( )
f1 . close ()
f 2=open ( s y s . a r g v [ 2 ] , ”w” )
f2 . write ( s )
f2 . close ()

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 19 / 21


FILE HANDLING

Tips and Tricks makes it Easier ...

Number of characters in a file is same as the length of its contents.


def charcount(filename):
return len(open(filename).read())
Number of words in a file can be found by splitting the contents of
the file.
def wordcount(filename):
return len(open(filename).read().split())
Number of lines in a file can be found from readlines method.
def linecount(filename):
return len(open(filename).readlines())

Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 20 / 21


Prof. Ramesh Ragala CSE1001 October 14, 2016 21 / 21

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