An Intelligent Controller For Smart Home
An Intelligent Controller For Smart Home
Abstract— Home Area Network (HAN) forms an integral part of Things (IoT) along with RFID technologies were introduced
of the Smart Grid technology providing a smarter Solution to the for home automation [8]. Home Energy Management (HEM)
energy crisis. This article proposes a remote interface controller algorithm is proposed in [9], with renewable sources. Smart
for Smart Homes as a part of Home Automation and Demand Home Protocol (SHP) developed in [10] enables the
Side Management. The intelligent controller submits the user connectivity between smart home devices and appliances.
with the individual energy consumption profiles of the appliances
at his home on an android mobile application providing the user A continuous monitoring system for each appliances and
with dual appliance control (on/off) options: manual or the disconnection of devices which are not in use for a
automatic. The former requires manual control of the appliances particular time is introduced in [12].The application of
while the latter lets the controller make the decision based on Renewable Energy Source and a system based on the
dynamic tariff rates using Fuzzy Logic. This system being user evaluation of User preferences and time of usage are discussed
friendly can be adopted for the Smart Grid and Smarter homes. in [13]. In [14] a smart home management system based on the
previous history of energy usage of the device and it uses
Keywords— Smart Grid; HAN; Intelligent controller renewable energy source if energy usage is large in the history
of device. Using mobile application, [15] customer can able to
I. INTRODUCTION monitor the energy usage of each devices, compare the energy
Energy crisis is one of the biggest problems that the world usage between devices. The automatic controls of individual
is facing. The socio-economic impacts of energy crisis are appliance were not considered here. Gathering Real time
hefty [1][2]. Consumers may face rolling blackouts/power energy usage information [6] of individual appliances can
outages during insufficient supply [1][3]. The concept of Smart reduce the overall energy usage to a great extend. From the
Grid [3][4] was introduced to alleviate these issues associated existing literature [6][11][12][15] it is evident that intelligent
with generation, transmission and distribution of electric control of devices is necessary based on real time energy usage
power. The Home Area Networks (HAN) in Smart Grid could of the devices to meet the demand side energy without
be crucial in delivering smarter homes [3] and thus promoting affecting customer comfort level.
energy conservation. Each consumer can take part in this by This article proposes an intelligent controller for HAN
reducing power consumption in whatever way they can. But which can monitor and control individual appliances. The
the hindrance often faced is that the consumers are unaware of communication possibilities offered by IoT [16] and ZigBee
the energy consumed by different appliances in their home, and [5][6] are used here. The controller is intelligent to control the
which among these contribute more to the overall loads automatically based on dynamic tariff considering user
consumption. Consumers would be unsuccessful in reducing preferences. The user interface is through an Android mobile
their energy bill even though the usage of some loads has been application and a webpage.
cut down. This may be due to an appliance that was least
suspected to consume a lot of energy has been doing just the
II. OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
opposite due to poor maintenance, faulty equipments, etc.
Users might not be aware of this and hence their effort to The Home Energy Management System consists of
reduce their consumption might go in vain. intelligent plug points called I-plug, a local hub and a user
interface - mobile application. Each appliance is connected to
A solution to this is to monitor and control the appliances in the power supply through I-plug. These nodes consist of an
an intelligent manner, which would give a considerable amount energy measurement unit, control to switch the appliance
of information needed to carry out conservational measures. A on/off and a ZigBee transceiver to transmit and receive data
review of the existing literature revealed similar researches, from the local server. The local hub is also a transceiver
carried out in a diverse context. A home energy control system communicating the data to the internet. The user interface, a
design which provides intelligent service for users using smart mobile application, which is connected to the internet, displays
sensors, energy management technologies etc. were discussed the energy consumption of each device, overall consumption
in [5]. Device control and energy management was proposed and also its equivalent cost as per the tariff. Fig. 1 depicts the
specifically for heating and air conditioning units. The design system block diagram.
and implementation of Smart home management system
making use of ZigBee communication network with a new The primary function of I-plug is to measure the energy
routing protocol was proposed by Han et al. [6]. The energy consumed and transmit the data to the local server. They are
saving concept discussed in [7] minimizes the domestic energy also responsible for turn on/off the appliance if a control signal
waste and can be adapted according to the user habits. Internet is given. The energy measurement unit consists of a potential
transformer, current transformer and other sub circuits like zero and current multiplied over a cycle is calculated. The obtained
crossing detectors, level shifter. Energy consumed is measured value is multiplied with timer value and sent to local hub
with the help of a microcontroller, dsPIC30F4011. The output through serial communication. The control switch is a relay
of both the potential transformer and current transformer are which is connected in series with the load. The signal from the
clamped using a level shifter circuit such that the signal is microcontroller is given to the driver circuit of the relay.
between 0 to 5V as this is the input voltage range of the Analog Depending on the type of command (ON/OFF) the necessary
to Digital Converter (ADC) in microcontroller. Fig. 2 explains action of make or break the circuit is carried out. Local hub is
the internal architecture of I-plug. an Arduino microcontroller with an Ethernet shield. I-plug
sends the energy consumed for one cycle. Arduino receives
System voltage is taken as the reference. The those data and calculate the total energy consumed by the load.
microcontroller is configured for external interrupt. The output Arduino sends this data periodically, 5 Sec, to an online
of the potential transformer is given to the zero crossing which database. Arduino reads the required status (on/off) of the load
generates an interrupt to the microcontroller signaling it to start from the database and transmit the data to node through
the simultaneous ADC conversion. Time period of a single UART.
voltage cycle is calculated by time interval between alternate
interrupts to the microcontroller using a timer. Simultaneous A webpage is hosted in 000webhost.com. It comes with an
sampling of current and voltage is done at 0.58 MHz and inbuilt MySQL database. A SQL table is created with three
instantaneous values are multiplied and accumulated. columns, namely Appliance, Energy consumed, preference and
status. The data to and from local hub are stored in this
database. A webpage displaying Energy consumed, status and
a manual option to switch on/off the appliance are created
using HTML accessing MySQL database through PHP script.
An android application is created using an online webpage to
mobile application converter tool. Fig. 3 shows the prototype
of I-plug. The energy consumption I-plug module is in the
range of milli Watts.
2655
2016 Intl. Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), Sept. 21-24, 2016, Jaipur, India
2656
2016 Intl. Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), Sept. 21-24, 2016, Jaipur, India
appliances and thus reduce user intervention in controlling [16] M.-C. Shie, P.-C. Lin, T.-M. Su, P. Chen, and A. Hutahaean, "Intelligent
loads with respect to dynamic tariff. One major application of energy monitoring system based on ZigBee-equipped smart sockets,"
2014 International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart
this system could be optimized management of energy Grid (IGBSG), Apr. 2014.
consumption. The scheme integrates a fuzzy controller through [17] LEM, “Voltage Transducer LV 20-P,” LV 20-P datasheet,Rev.9.
which loads are automatically controlled based on dynamic [Online]. Available: http://www.ceipsa.com/datasheet/LV20-P.pdf.
tariff and user preferences. This technology, apart from Accessed: Aug. 20, 2016.
allowing utilities to easily access energy consumption profiles [18] M. T. Inc, "DsPIC30F4011 - 16-Bit - Microcontrollers and digital signal
of its customers, can be helpful to consumers in efficient controllers," 1998. [Online]. Available:
management of consumption leading to energy conservation. http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/dsPIC30F4011. Accessed:
Aug. 20, 2016.
Demand side management being the need of the hour, utilities
can benefit from such technologies.
REFERENCES
[1] A. Datta, P. Mohanty, and M. Gujar, "Accelerated deployment of smart
grid technologies in India - present scenario, challenges and way
forward," ISGT 2014, Feb. 2014.
[2] Nithin S., Sivraj P., Sasi K. Kottayil and R. Lagerstom, "Development
of a real time data collection unit for distribution network in a smart grid
environment," 2014 POWER AND ENERGY SYSTEMS: TOWARDS
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, Mar. 2014.
[3] Li jiang, Da-you LU, Bo yang, “Smart home research,” Proceedings of
the Third International Conference on Machine Learning and
Cybernetics, Vol.40,26-29 August 2004.
[4] Z. Fan, G. Kalogridis, C. Efthymiou, M. Sooriyabandara, M. Serizawa,
and J. McGeehan, "The new frontier of communications research,"
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Energy-Efficient
Computing and Networking - e-Energy ’10, 2010.
[5] D. Han and J. Lim, "Smart home energy management system using
IEEE 802.15.4 and zigbee," IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1403–1410, Aug. 2010.
[6] D.-M. Han and J.-H. Lim, "Design and implementation of smart home
energy management systems based on zigbee," IEEE Transactions on
Consumer Electronics, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1417–1425, Aug. 2010.
[7] Ibrahim, HA Inji and H. Ashour, "Energy Saving Through Smart
Home," Journal on Power and Energy Engineering (JOPEE), 2013.
[8] M. Darianian and M. P. Michael, "Smart home mobile RFID-Based
Internet-of-Things systems and services," 2008 International
Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering, Dec. 2008.
[9] A. R. Boynuegri, B. Yagcitekin, M. Baysal, A. Karakas, and M.
Uzunoglu, "Energy management algorithm for smart home with
renewable energy sources," 4th International Conference on Power
Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, May 2013.
[10] S. Kim, J.-Y. Hong, J.-H. Kim, and J. Chun, "Restful design and
implementation of smart appliances for smart home," 2014 IEEE 11th
Intl Conf on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing and 2014 IEEE
11th Intl Conf on Autonomic and Trusted Computing and 2014 IEEE
14th Intl Conf on Scalable Computing and Communications and Its
Associated Workshops, Dec. 2014.
[11] H. S. Cho, H. S. Chang, and S.-H. Baek, "Wide range electric power
consumption monitoring system with dynamic resistance control
system," 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and
Systems, Aug. 2011.
[12] J. Lim, H. Son, B. Shin, and D. Lee, "CASPRE: A context-aware
standby power reduction scheme for household appliances," 2016 IEEE
International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication
Workshops (PerCom Workshops), Mar. 2016.
[13] A. Floris, A. Meloni, V. Pilloni, and L. Atzori, "A QoE-Aware approach
for smart home energy management," 2015 IEEE Global
Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Dec. 2015.
[14] T.-Y. Yang, C.-S. Yang, and T.-W. Sung, "An intelligent energy
management scheme with monitoring and scheduling approach for IoT
applications in smart home," 2015 Third International Conference on
Robot, Vision and Signal Processing (RVSP), Nov. 2015.
[15] M. Jahn, M. Jentsch, C. R. Prause, F. Pramudianto, A. Al-Akkad, and R.
Reiners, "The energy aware smart home," 2010 5th International
Conference on Future Information Technology, 2010.
2657