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1 TIME/ACTION PROFILE
ROUTE ONSET PEAK DURATION PDF Page #1
ranitidine (ra-ni-ti-deen) PO unknown 1–3 hr 8–12 hr
Acid Reducer, Zantac, Zantac EFFERdose, Zantac 75, Zantac 150 IM unknown 15 min 8–12 hr
IV unknown 15 min 8–12 hr
Classification
Therapeutic: antiulcer agents Contraindications/Precautions
Pharmacologic: histamine H2 antagonists Contraindicated in: Hypersensitivity; Syrup contains alcohol and should be
Pregnancy Category B avoided in patients with known intolerance.
Use Cautiously in: Phenylketonuric patients (effervescent tablets and granules
contain phenylalanine); Geri: Geriatric patients are more susceptible to adverse CNS
reactions including dizziness and confusion; dosageprecommended; Renal impair-
Indications ment (more susceptible to adverse CNS reactions;qdose interval recommended if
Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcers and benign gastric ulcers. Maintent- CCr ⬍50 mL/min); Hepatic impairment; Acute porphyria (may precipitate an attack);
ance therapy for duodenal and gastric ulcers after healing of active ulcer(s). Manage- OB: Pregnancy; Lactation: Passes into breast milk and can causepstomach acid in
ment of gastric hypersecretory states (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). Treatment of and the infant.
maintenace therapy for erosive esophagitis. Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
disease (GERD). Heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach (OTC use). IV: Pre- CNS: confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, headache. CV: ARRHYTHMIAS.
vention and treatment of stress-induced upper GI bleeding in critically ill patients. GI: constipation, diarrhea, nausea. GU:psperm count, erectile dysfunction. Endo:
gynecomastia. Hemat: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, APLASTIC ANEMIA, anemia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia. Local: pain at IM site. Misc: hypersensivity reactions, vasculitis.
Action
Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2-receptor site located primarily in gastric pa- Interactions
rietal cells, resulting in inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Therapeutic Effects: Drug-Drug: Maypabsorption of ketoconazole, itraconazole, atazanavir, de-
Healing and prevention of ulcers. Decreased symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. lavirdine, and geftinib. Mayqabsorption of triazolam and glipizide. Mayqpro-
Decreased secretion of gastric acid. cainamide levels. Mayqthe effects of warfarin.
Route/Dosage
Pharmacokinetics PO (Adults): Short-term treatment of active ulcers— 150 mg twice daily or 300
Absorption: 50% absorbed after PO administration. mg once daily at bedtime. Duodenal ulcer prophylaxis— 150 mg once daily at bed-
time. GERD— 150 mg twice daily. Erosive esophagitis— 150 mg 4 times daily ini-
Distribution: Enters breast milk and cerebrospinal fluid. tially, then 150 mg twice daily as maintenance. Gastric hypersecretory condi-
Metabolism and Excretion: Metabolized by the liver, mostly on first pass; 30% tions— 150 mg twice daily initially; up to 6 g/day have been used. OTC use— 75 mg
excreted unchanged by the kidneys after parenteral administration. when symptoms occur (up to twice daily).
Half-life: Neonates (on ECMO): 6.6 hr; Infants: 3.5 hr; Children: 1.8– 2 hr; Adults: PO (Children 1 mo-16 yr): Treatment of active ulcers— 2– 4 mg/kg/day divided
2– 2.5 hr (qin renal impairment to 4.8 hr). twice daily, maximum 300 mg/day. GERD and Erosive esophagitis— 4– 10 mg/kg/
⫽ Canadian drug name. ⫽ Genetic Implication. CAPITALS indicate life-threatening, underlines indicate most frequent. Strikethrough ⫽ Discontinued.
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2 ● If antacids or sucralfate are used concurrently for relief of pain, avoid administra-
tion of antacids within 30 min– 1 hr of ranitidine and take sucralfate 2 hr after ran-
day divided twice daily, maximum 300 mg/day for GERD, 600 mg/day for erosive itidine; may decrease the absorption of ranitidine. PDF Page #2
esophagitis. ● PO: Administer with meals or immediately afterward and at bedtime to prolong ef-
PO (Neonates): 2 mg/kg/day divided q 12 hr. fect.
IV, IM (Adults): 50 mg q 6– 8 hr (not to exceed 400 mg/day). Continuous IV infu- ● Doses administered once daily should be administered at bedtime to prolong ef-
sion— 6.25 mg/hr. Gastric hypersecretory conditions— 1 mg/kg/hr; may beqby fect.
0.5 mg/kg/hr (not to exceed 2.5 mg/kg/hr). ● Shake oral suspension before administration. Discard unused suspension after 30
IV, IM (Children 1 mo— 16 yr): Treatment of active ulcers— 2– 4 mg/kg/day days.
divided q 6– 8 hr, maximum 200 mg/day. Continuous infusion— 1 mg/kg/dose ● Remove foil from ranitidine effervescent tablets or granules and dissolve in 6–
followed by 0.08– 0.17 mg/kg/hr. 8 oz water before drinking.
IV (Neonates): 1.5 mg/kg/dose load, then in 12 hr start maintenance of 1.5– 2 mg/
kg/day divided q 12 hr Continuous IV infusion– 1.5 mg/kg/dose load followed by IV Administration
0.04– 0.08 mg/kg/hr infusion. ● pH: 6.7– 7.3.
Renal Impairment ● Direct IV: Diluent: Dilute each 50 mg in 20 mL of 0.9% NaCl or D5W for injec-
PO (Adults): CCr10– 50 mL/min—pdose to 50% of dose recommended for indi- tion. . Concentration: 2.5 mg/mL. Rate: Administer over at least 5 min at a
cation; CCr⬍10 mL/min—pdose to 25% of dose recommended for indication; fur- maximum of 10 mg/min. Rapid administration may cause hypotension and
ther reductions may be necessary if there is coexistent hepatic impairment. arrhythmias.
● Intermittent Infusion: Diluent: Dilute each 50 mg in 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl or
NURSING IMPLICATIONS D5W. Diluted solution is stable for 48 hr at room temperature. Do not use solution
Assessment that is discolored or that contains precipitate. . Concentration: 0.5 mg/mL.
● Assess patient for epigastric or abdominal pain and frank or occult blood in the Rate: Administer over 15– 20 min.
stool, emesis, or gastric aspirate. ● Continuous Infusion: Diluent: D5W. . Concentration: 150 mg/250 mL (no
● Assess geriatric and debilitated patients routinely for confusion.
greater than 2.5 mg/mL for Zollinger-Ellison patients). Rate: Administer at a rate
● Lab Test Considerations: CBC with differential should be monitored pe-
of 6.25 mg/hr. In patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, start infusion at 1 mg/
riodically during therapy.
● Antagonizes effects of pentagastrin and histamine during gastric acid secretion kg/hr. If gastric acid output is ⬎10 mEq/hr or patient becomes symptomatic after
testing. Avoid administration for 24 hr preceding the test. 4 hr, adjust dose by 0.5 mg/kg/hr increments and remeasure gastric output.
● May cause false-negative results in skin tests using allergenic extracts. Histamine ● Y-Site Compatibility: acyclovir, aldesleukin, alfentanil, allopurinol, amifostine,
antagonists should be discontinued 24 hr before the test. amikacin, aminocaproic acid, aminophylline, amphotericin B lipid complex, am-
● May cause anqin serum transaminases and serum creatinine. photericin B liposome, amsacrine, anikinra, anidulafungin, argatroban, ascorbic
● May cause false-positive results for urine protein; test with sulfosalicylic acid. acid, atracurium, atropine, aztreonam, benztropine, bivalirudin, bleomycin, bum-
etanide, buprenorphine, butorphanol, calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, car-
Potential Nursing Diagnoses boplatin, carmustine, cefazolin, cefepime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefotetan,
Acute pain (Indications) cefoxitin, ceftaroline, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol,
Implementation chlorpromazine, ciprofloxacin, cisatracurium, cisplatin, cladribine, clindamycin,
● Do not confuse Zantac (ranitidine) with Xanax (alprazolam) or Zyrtec cyanocobalamin, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, cytarabine, dactinomycin,
(cetirizine). daptomycin, dexamethasone, dexmedetomidine, digoxin, diltiazem, diphenhy-
䉷 2015 F.A. Davis Company CONTINUED
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3 ● Advise patients taking OTC preparations not to take the maximum dose continu-
ously for more than 2 wk without consulting health care professional. Notify health
PDF Page #3
CONTINUED care professional if difficulty swallowing occurs or abdominal pain persists.
● Inform patient that smoking interferes with the action of histamine antagonists.
ranitidine Encourage patient to quit smoking or at least not to smoke after last dose of the
day.
dramine, dobutamine, docetaxel, dopamine, doripenem, doxacurium, doxap- ● May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Caution patient to avoid driving or other activi-
ram, doxorubicin hydrochloride, doxorubicin liposome, doxycycline, enalaprilat, ties requiring alertness until response to the drug is known.
ephedrine, epinephrine, epirubicin, epoetin alfa, eptifibatide, ertapenem, eryth- ● Advise patient to avoid alcohol, products containing aspirin or NSAIDs, excessive
romycin, esmolol, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, famotidine, fenoldopam, fen- amounts of caffeine, and foods that may cause an increase in GI irritation.
tanyl, filgrastim, fluconazole, fludarabine, fluorouacil, folic acid, foscarnet, furo- ● Inform patient that increased fluid and fiber intake and exercise may minimize
semide, ganciclovir, gemcitabine, gentamicin, glycopyrrolate, granisetron, constipation.
heparin, hydrocortisone, hydromorphone, idarubicin, ifosfamide, imipenem/ci- ● Advise patient to report onset of black, tarry stools; fever; sore throat; diarrhea;
lastatin, indomethacin, irinotecan, isoproterenol, ketamine, ketorolac, labetalol, dizziness; rash; confusion; or hallucinations to health care professional promptly.
levofloxacin, lidocaine, linezolid, lorazepam, magnesium sulfate, mannitol, mech-
lorethamine, melphalan, meperidine, metaraminol, methotrexate, methoxamine, Evaluation/Desired Outcomes
methyldopate, methylprednisolone, metoclopramide, metoprolol, metronidazole, ● Decrease in abdominal pain.
midazolam, milrinone, mitoxantrone, morphine, multivitamins, mycophenolate, ● Prevention of gastric irritation and bleeding. Healing of duodenal ulcers can be
nafcillin, nalbuphine, naloxone, nesiritide, nicardipine, nitroglycerin, nitroprus- seen by x-rays or endoscopy. Therapy is continued for at least 6 wk in treatment of
side, norepinephrine, octreotide, ondansetron, oxacillin, oxaliplatin, oxytocin, ulcers but not usually longer than 8 wk.
paclitaxel, palonosetron, pamidronate, pancuronium, papaverine, pemetrexed, ● Decreased symptoms of esophageal reflux.
penicillin G, pentamidine, pentazocine, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, phentol-
amine, phenylephrine, phytonadione, piperacillin/tazobactam, potassium acetate, Why was this drug prescribed for your patient?
potassium chloride, procainamide, prochlorperazine, promethazine, propofol,
propranolol, protamine, pyridoxime, remifentanil, rituximab, rocuronium, sar-
gramostim, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, strepotkinase, succinylcholine,
sufentanil, tacrolimus, telavancin, teniposide, theophylline, thiamine, thiopental,
thiotepa, ticarcillin/clavulanate, tigecycline, tirofiban, tobramycin, tolazoline,
trastuzumab, trimetaphan, vancomycin, vasopressin, vecuronium, verapamil, vin-
cristine, vinorelbine, warfarin, zidovudine, zoledronic acid.
● Y-Site Incompatibility: amphotericin B cholesteryl, caspofungin, dantrolene,
diazepam, diazoxide, pantoprazole, phenytoin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, trimeth-
oprim/sulfamethoxazole.
Patient/Family Teaching
● Instruct patient to take medication as directed for the full course of therapy, even if
feeling better. Take missed doses as soon as remembered but not if almost time for
next dose. Do not double doses.
⫽ Canadian drug name. ⫽ Genetic Implication. CAPITALS indicate life-threatening, underlines indicate most frequent. Strikethrough ⫽ Discontinued.