Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 20 views

    Table of Content Preview

    Uploaded by

    Muh Mukhlis Ramadhan
    This document provides an overview of igneous rocks and their field characteristics. It begins with an introduction to igneous rocks and their global occurrence in relation to tectonics. The main modes of occurrence for igneous bodies are then described. Subsequent chapters cover field skills, igneous textures and classification, different types of volcanic and intrusive rocks, and features related to magma mixing and mingling. The document concludes with sections on mineralization and the geotechnical properties of igneous rocks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Table of Content Preview

    Uploaded by

    Muh Mukhlis Ramadhan
    20 views4 pages
    This document provides an overview of igneous rocks and their field characteristics. It begins with an introduction to igneous rocks and their global occurrence in relation to tectonics. The main modes of occurrence for igneous bodies are then described. Subsequent chapters cover field skills, igneous textures and classification, different types of volcanic and intrusive rocks, and features related to magma mixing and mingling. The document concludes with sections on mineralization and the geotechnical properties of igneous rocks.

    Original Description:

    table of content

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an overview of igneous rocks and their field characteristics. It begins with an introduction to igneous rocks and their global occurrence in relation to tectonics. The main modes of occurrence for igneous bodies are then described. Subsequent chapters cover field skills, igneous textures and classification, different types of volcanic and intrusive rocks, and features related to magma mixing and mingling. The document concludes with sections on mineralization and the geotechnical properties of igneous rocks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views4 pages

    Table of Content Preview

    Uploaded by

    Muh Mukhlis Ramadhan
    This document provides an overview of igneous rocks and their field characteristics. It begins with an introduction to igneous rocks and their global occurrence in relation to tectonics. The main modes of occurrence for igneous bodies are then described. Subsequent chapters cover field skills, igneous textures and classification, different types of volcanic and intrusive rocks, and features related to magma mixing and mingling. The document concludes with sections on mineralization and the geotechnical properties of igneous rocks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    CONTENTS

    AL
    Preface xi

    RI
    Acknowledgements xv

    TE
    1 Introduction and Occurrence 1
    1.1 The Importance of Fieldwork 1
    1.2 The Global Picture – Igneous Rocks in Relation

    1.3
    to Regional Tectonics MA
    Mode of Occurrence of Igneous Bodies
    2
    4
    1.4 Summary 11

    2 Field Skills and Outcrop Structures 15


    ED

    2.1 Equipment 15
    2.2 Preparing Maps and Basic Mapping 16
    2.3 Notebooks and Data Recording 17
    HT

    2.4 Primary Outcrop Structures 18


    2.5 Secondary or Late Stage Outcrop Structures 28
    2.6 Outcrop Contact Relationships 32
    IG

    2.7 Summary of Igneous Outcrop Descriptions 33

    3 Igneous Textures and Classification 37


    R

    3.1 Describing Rock Types 37


    3.2 Colour and Composition 38
    PY

    3.3 Texture, Grain-Size/Shape and Fabric 43


    3.4 Mineral Identification 49
    3.5 Naming and Classification 58
    CO

    4 Volcanics 1 – Lava Flows 69


    4.1 Lava Flow Emplacement Mechanisms 69
    4.2 A Compositional Divide for Lava Flows 71
    4.3 Mafic/Basaltic Lava Flows 73
    4.4 Felsic/Silicic Flows 80
    4.5 Pillow Lavas and Hyaloclastites 82

    5 Volcanics 2 – Pyroclastic Rocks 93


    5.1 Structures, Textures and Classification 93
    5.2 Pyroclastic Flows and Ignimbrites 101
    5.3 Scoria Cones 108

    vii
    CONTENTS

    5.4 Water/Magma and Sediment/Magma Interactions 109


    5.5 Epiclastic Deposits 112

    6 Shallow-Level Intrusions 119


    6.1 Sill and Dykes 119
    6.2 Working Out Emplacement History 124
    6.3 Volcanic Plugs and Diatremes 130
    6.4 Shallow-Level Subvolcanic Intrusions 133

    7 Granitic Complexes 137


    7.1 Introduction 137
    7.2 General Features and Occurrence 137
    7.3 Zoned Plutons 142
    7.4 Internal Structures and Textures 145
    7.5 Internal Contacts 150
    7.6 Emplacement Timing 158
    7.7 Distinctive Granitoid Textures 162
    7.8 Metamorphic Aureoles 164
    7.9 Summary of the Field Characteristics
    of Granitic Complexes 165

    8 Mafic Complexes 171


    8.1 General Features and Occurrence 171
    8.2 Continental Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions 173
    8.3 Ophiolite Complexes 177
    8.4 Komatiites 183
    8.5 Summary of the Field Characteristics
    of Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions 184

    9 Magma Mixing and Mingling 189


    9.1 Magma Rheology 189
    9.2 Magma Mixing 190
    9.3 Magma Mingling 192
    9.4 Synplutonic Dykes and Sills 196
    9.5 Magma Mingling in Subvolcanic and Volcanic
    Environments 200
    9.6 Xenoliths 201
    9.7 A Word of Warning 202
    9.8 Summary 203

    10 Mineralisation and Geotechnical Properties 207


    10.1 Mineralisation and Key Minerals 207

    viii
    CONTENTS

    10.2 Mineralisation in Layered Mafic Intrusions 209


    10.3 Geotechnical Properties of Igneous Rocks 213
    10.4 Rock Mass Classification 216
    10.5 Summary 226

    Appendix 229

    Further Reading 231

    Index 233

    ix

    You might also like