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Chapter 9 Complexometric Reactions and Titrations

Direct, back, replacement, and indirect titrations are four methods for complexometric titrations using EDTA. Direct titration involves adding EDTA to the metal ion solution until the endpoint is reached. Back titration involves adding excess EDTA, then back-titrating the leftover EDTA. Replacement titration uses a metal with a higher formation constant to displace EDTA from another metal for titration. Indirect titration forms a metal-anion precipitate, washes it to form a metal-EDTA complex, then titrates the displaced protons.

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126 views1 page

Chapter 9 Complexometric Reactions and Titrations

Direct, back, replacement, and indirect titrations are four methods for complexometric titrations using EDTA. Direct titration involves adding EDTA to the metal ion solution until the endpoint is reached. Back titration involves adding excess EDTA, then back-titrating the leftover EDTA. Replacement titration uses a metal with a higher formation constant to displace EDTA from another metal for titration. Indirect titration forms a metal-anion precipitate, washes it to form a metal-EDTA complex, then titrates the displaced protons.

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Dike Fahira
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369 | C H A P T E R 9 C O M P L E X O M E T R I C R E A C T I O N S A N D T I T R A T I O N S

The versatility of EDTA can be ascribed to the different ways in


which the complexometric titration can be executed. Let us learn
about different ways in which we can use EDTA titrations.

Direct Titration. It is the simplest and the most convenient method in


which the standard solution of EDTA is slowly added to the metal ion
solution till the end point is achieved. It is similar to simple acid-base
titrations. For this method to be useful the formation constant must be
large and the indicator must provide a very distinct colour change as
mentioned earlier. Further we need standardized solution of EDTA
and sometimes auxiliary complexing agents may be required.

Back Titration: In this method, an excess of a standard solution of


EDTA is added to the metal solution being determined so as to
complex all the metal ions present in the solution. The excess of
EDTA left after the complex formation with the metal is back titrated
with a standard solution of a second metal ion. This method becomes
necessary if the analyte precipitates in the absence of EDTA or reacts
too slowly with EDTA, or it blocks the indicator.

Replacement Titration: When direct or back titrations do not give


sharp endpoints or when there is no suitable indicator for the analyte
the metal may be determined by this method. The metal to be
analyzed is added to a metal-EDTA complex. The analyte ion (with
higher Kf') displaces EDTA from the metal and the metal is
subsequently titrated with standard EDTA.

Indirect Titration: Certain anions that form precipitate with metal


cations and do not react with EDTA can be analyzed indirectly. The
anion is first precipitated with a metal cation and the precipitate is
washed and boiled with an excess of disodium EDTA solution to form
the metal complex. The protons from disodium EDTA are displaced
by a heavy metal and titrated with sodium alkali. Therefore, this
method is also called alkalimetric titration.

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