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What You Should Already Know: Home Page

The document provides an overview of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), including what CSS is, how it solves problems with HTML, and how to implement styles through external, internal, and inline styling. CSS allows separation of document structure (HTML) from presentation (CSS), and enables control of layout and styles across multiple pages through external style sheets. CSS rules are made up of selectors, properties, and values to define styling for elements.

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mahmoud fadl
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© © All Rights Reserved
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68 views60 pages

What You Should Already Know: Home Page

The document provides an overview of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), including what CSS is, how it solves problems with HTML, and how to implement styles through external, internal, and inline styling. CSS allows separation of document structure (HTML) from presentation (CSS), and enables control of layout and styles across multiple pages through external style sheets. CSS rules are made up of selectors, properties, and values to define styling for elements.

Uploaded by

mahmoud fadl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What You Should Already Know

Before you continue you should have some basic understanding of the following:

 HTML / XHTML

If you want to study this subject first, find the tutorials on our Home page.

What is CSS?
 CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
 Styles define how to display HTML elements
 Styles are normally stored in Style Sheets
 Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
 External Style Sheets can save you a lot of work
 External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files
 Multiple style definitions will cascade into one

CSS Demo

With CSS, your HTML documents can be displayed using different output styles:

See how it works

Styles Solve a Common Problem

HTML tags were originally designed to define the content of a document. They were supposed to
say "This is a header", "This is a paragraph", "This is a table", by using tags like <h1>, <p>,
<table>, and so on. The layout of the document was supposed to be taken care of by the
browser, without using any formatting tags.

As the two major browsers - Netscape and Internet Explorer - continued to add new HTML tags
and attributes (like the <font> tag and the color attribute) to the original HTML specification, it
became more and more difficult to create Web sites where the content of HTML documents was
clearly separated from the document's presentation layout.

To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - the non profit, standard setting
consortium, responsible for standardizing HTML - created STYLES in addition to HTML 4.0.

All major browsers support Cascading Style Sheets.

Style Sheets Can Save a Lot of Work

Styles sheets define HOW HTML elements are to be displayed, just like the font tag and the
color attribute in HTML 3.2. Styles are normally saved in external .css files. External style sheets
enable you to change the appearance and layout of all the pages in your Web, just by editing
one single CSS document!

CSS is a breakthrough in Web design because it allows developers to control the style and
layout of multiple Web pages all at once. As a Web developer you can define a style for each
HTML element and apply it to as many Web pages as you want. To make a global change,
simply change the style, and all elements in the Web are updated automatically.

Multiple Styles Will Cascade Into One

Style sheets allow style information to be specified in many ways. Styles can be specified inside
a single HTML element, inside the <head> element of an HTML page, or in an external CSS file.
Even multiple external style sheets can be referenced inside a single HTML document.

Cascading Order

What style will be used when there is more than one style specified for an HTML
element?

Generally speaking we can say that all the styles will "cascade" into a new "virtual" style sheet
by the following rules, where number four has the highest priority:

1. Browser default
2. External style sheet
3. Internal style sheet (inside the <head> tag)
4. Inline style (inside an HTML element)

So, an inline style (inside an HTML element) has the highest priority, which means that it will
override a style declared inside the <head> tag, in an external style sheet, or in a browser (a
default value).

Note: If the external style sheet link is placed below the internal style sheet in HTML <head>,
the external style sheet will override the internal style sheet.

Syntax

The CSS syntax is made up of three parts: a selector, a property and a value:

selector {property:value}

The selector is normally the HTML element/tag you wish to define, the property is the
attribute you wish to change, and each property can take a value. The property and
value are separated by a colon, and surrounded by curly braces:

body {color:black}

Note: If the value is multiple words, put quotes around the value:

p {font-family:"sans serif"}

Note: If you want to specify more than one property, you must separate each property
with a semicolon. The example below shows how to define a center aligned
paragraph, with a red text color:

p {text-align:center;color:red}

To make the style definitions more readable, you can describe one property on each
line, like this:
p
{
text-align:center;
color:black;
font-family:arial
}

Grouping

You can group selectors. Separate each selector with a comma. In the example below
we have grouped all the header elements. All header elements will be displayed in
green text color:

h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6
{
color:green
}

The class Selector

With the class selector you can define different styles for the same type of HTML element.

Say that you would like to have two types of paragraphs in your document: one right-
aligned paragraph, and one center-aligned paragraph. Here is how you can do it with
styles:

p.right {text-align:right}
p.center {text-align:center}

You have to use the class attribute in your HTML document:

<p class="right">This paragraph will be right-aligned.</p>


<p class="center">This paragraph will be center-aligned.</p>

Note: To apply more than one class per given element, the syntax is:

<p class="center bold">This is a paragraph.</p>

The paragraph above will be styled by the class "center" AND the class "bold".

You can also omit the tag name in the selector to define a style that will be used by all
HTML elements that have a certain class. In the example below, all HTML elements
with class="center" will be center-aligned:

.center {text-align:center}

In the code below both the h1 element and the p element have class="center". This
means that both elements will follow the rules in the ".center" selector:

<h1 class="center">This heading will be center-aligned</h1>


<p class="center">This paragraph will also be center-aligned.</p>

Do NOT start a class name with a number! It will not work in Mozilla/Firefox.

Add Styles to Elements with Particular Attributes

You can also apply styles to HTML elements with particular attributes.

The style rule below will match all input elements that have a type attribute with a
value of "text":

input[type="text"] {background-color:blue}

The id Selector

You can also define styles for HTML elements with the id selector. The id selector is defined as a
#.

The style rule below will match the element that has an id attribute with a value of
"green":

#green {color:green}

The style rule below will match the p element that has an id with a value of "para1":

p#para1
{
text-align:center;
color:red
}

Do NOT start an ID name with a number! It will not work in Mozilla/Firefox.

CSS Comments

Comments are used to explain your code, and may help you when you edit the source
code at a later date. A comment will be ignored by browsers. A CSS comment begins
with "/*", and ends with "*/", like this:

/*This is a comment*/
p
{
text-align:center;
/*This is another comment*/
color:black;
font-family:arial
}
Examples
 Look at Example 1
 Look at Example 2

How to Insert a Style Sheet

When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the document according to it. There are three
ways of inserting a style sheet:

External Style Sheet

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an
external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one
file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes
inside the head section:

<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css" />
</head>

The browser will read the style definitions from the file mystyle.css, and format the document
according to it.

An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file should not contain
any html tags. Your style sheet should be saved with a .css extension. An example of a
style sheet file is shown below:

hr {color:sienna}
p {margin-left:20px}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif")}

Do not leave spaces between the property value and the units! "margin-left:20 px" (instead
of "margin-left:20px") will only work in IE6, but it will not work in Firefox or Opera.

Internal Style Sheet

An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You
define internal styles in the head section by using the <style> tag, like this:

<head>
<style type="text/css">
hr {color:sienna}
p {margin-left:20px}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif")}
</style>
</head>

The browser will now read the style definitions, and format the document according to it.

Note: A browser normally ignores unknown tags. This means that an old browser that
does not support styles, will ignore the <style> tag, but the content of the <style> tag
will be displayed on the page. It is possible to prevent an old browser from displaying
the content by hiding it in the HTML comment element:

<head>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
hr {color:sienna}
p {margin-left:20px}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif")}
-->
</style>
</head>

Inline Styles

An inline style loses many of the advantages of style sheets by mixing content with
presentation. Use this method sparingly, such as when a style is to be applied to a single
occurrence of an element.

To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute
can contain any CSS property. The example shows how to change the color and the
left margin of a paragraph:

<p style="color:sienna;margin-left:20px">This is a paragraph.</p>

Multiple Style Sheets

If some properties have been set for the same selector in different style sheets, the values will
be inherited from the more specific style sheet.

For example, an external style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:

h3
{
color:red;
text-align:left;
font-size:8pt
}

And an internal style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:

h3
{
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt
}

If the page with the internal style sheet also links to the external style sheet the
properties for h3 will be:

color:red;
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt
The color is inherited from the external style sheet and the text-alignment and the font-size is
replaced by the internal style sheet.

The CSS background properties define the background effects of an element.

Examples

Set the background color


This example demonstrates how to set the background color for an element.

Set an image as the background


This example demonstrates how to set an image as the background.

How to repeat a background image


This example demonstrates how to repeat a background image.

How to repeat a background image only vertically


This example demonstrates how to repeat a background image only vertically.

How to repeat a background image only horizontally


This example demonstrates how to repeat a background image only horizontally.

How to display a background image only one time


This example demonstrates how to display a background image only one time

How to place the background image


This example demonstrates how to place the image on the page.

How to position a background image using %


This example demonstrates how to position an image on the page using percent.

How to position a background image using pixels


This example demonstrates how to position an image on the page using pixels.

How to set a fixed background image


This example demonstrates how to set a fixed background image. The image will not scroll with
the rest of the page.

All the background properties in one declaration


This example demonstrates how to use the shorthand property for setting all of the background
properties in one declaration.

CSS Background Properties

The CSS background properties allow you to control the background color of an element, set an
image as the background, repeat a background image vertically or horizontally, and position an
image on a page.

Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values IE F N W3C


background A shorthand property for background-color 4 1 6 1
setting all background background-image
properties in one declaration background-repeat
background-attachment
background-position
background- Sets whether a background scroll 4 1 6 1
attachment image is fixed or scrolls with fixed
the rest of the page
background-color Sets the background color of color-rgb 4 1 4 1
an element color-hex
color-name
transparent
background-image Sets an image as the url(URL) 4 1 4 1
background none
background-position Sets the starting position of top left 4 1 6 1
a background image top center
top right
center left
center center
center right
bottom left
bottom center
bottom right
x% y%
xpos ypos
background-repeat Sets if/how a background repeat 4 1 4 1
image will be repeated repeat-x
repeat-y
no-repeat

The CSS font properties define the font in text.

Examples

Set the font of a text


This example demonstrates how to set a font of a text.

Set a paragraph font using the "caption" value


This example demonstrates how to set a paragraph font using the "caption" value.

Set the size of the font


This example demonstrates how to set the size of a font.

Set the size of the font using font-size-adjust


This example demonstrates how to set the size of a font using font-size-adjust.

Set the style of the font


This example demonstrates how to set the style of a font.

Set the variant of the font


This example demonstrates how to set the variant of a font.

Set the boldness of the font


This example demonstrates how to set the boldness of a font.

All the font properties in one declaration


This example demonstrates how to use the shorthand property for setting all of the font
properties in one declaration.
CSS Font Properties

The CSS font properties allow you to change the font family, boldness, size, and the style of a
text.

Note: In CSS1 fonts are identified by a font name. If a browser does not support the specified
font, it will use a default font.

Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values IE F N W3C


font A shorthand property for font-style 4 1 4 1
setting all of the properties font-variant
for a font in one declaration font-weight
font-size/line-height
font-family
caption
icon
menu
message-box
small-caption
status-bar
font-family A prioritized list of font family-name 3 1 4 1
family names and/or generic generic-family
family names for an element
font-size Sets the size of a font xx-small 3 1 4 1
x-small
small
medium
large
x-large
xx-large
smaller
larger
length
%
font-size-adjust Specifies an aspect value for none - - - 2
an element that will preserve number
the x-height of the first-
choice font
font-stretch Condenses or expands the normal - - - 2
current font-family wider
narrower
ultra-condensed
extra-condensed
condensed
semi-condensed
semi-expanded
expanded
extra-expanded
ultra-expanded
font-style Sets the style of the font normal 4 1 4 1
italic
oblique
font-variant Displays text in a small-caps normal 4 1 6 1
font or a normal font small-caps
font-weight Sets the weight of a font normal 4 1 4 1
bold
bolder
lighter
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900

The CSS border properties define the borders around an element.

Examples

All the border properties in one declaration


This example demonstrates a shorthand property for setting all of the properties for the four
borders in one declaration, can have from one to three values.

Set different borders on each side


This example demonstrates how to set different borders on each side of the element.

All the top border properties in one declaration


This example demonstrates a shorthand property for setting all of the properties for the top
border in one declaration.

Set the style of the four borders


This example demonstrates how to set the style of the four borders.

Set the style of the bottom border


This example demonstrates how to set the style of the bottom border.

All the width of the border properties in one declaration


This example demonstrates a shorthand property for setting the width of the four borders in one
declaration, can have from one to four values.

Set the width of the left border


This example demonstrates how to set the width of the left border.

Set the color of the four borders


This example demonstrates how to set the color of the four borders. It can have from one to
four colors.

Set the color of the right border


This example demonstrates how to set the color of the right border.

CSS Border Properties

The CSS border properties allow you to specify the style and color of an element's border. In
HTML we use tables to create borders around a text, but with the CSS border properties we can
create borders with nice effects, and it can be applied to any element.
Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values IE F N W3C


border A shorthand property for border-width 4 1 4 1
setting all of the properties border-style
for the four borders in one border-color
declaration
border-bottom A shorthand property for border-bottom-width 4 1 6 1
setting all of the properties border-style
for the bottom border in one border-color
declaration
border-bottom-color Sets the color of the bottom border-color 4 1 6 2
border
border-bottom-style Sets the style of the bottom border-style 4 1 6 2
border
border-bottom-width Sets the width of the bottom thin 4 1 4 1
border medium
thick
length
border-color Sets the color of the four color 4 1 6 1
borders, can have from one
to four colors
border-left A shorthand property for border-left-width 4 1 6 1
setting all of the properties border-style
for the left border in one border-color
declaration
border-left-color Sets the color of the left border-color 4 1 6 2
border
border-left-style Sets the style of the left border-style 4 1 6 2
border
border-left-width Sets the width of the left thin 4 1 4 1
border medium
thick
length
border-right A shorthand property for border-right-width 4 1 6 1
setting all of the properties border-style
for the right border in one border-color
declaration
border-right-color Sets the color of the right border-color 4 1 6 2
border
border-right-style Sets the style of the right border-style 4 1 6 2
border
border-right-width Sets the width of the right thin 4 1 4 1
border medium
thick
length
border-style Sets the style of the four none 4 1 6 1
borders, can have from one hidden
to four styles dotted
dashed
solid
double
groove
ridge
inset
outset
border-top A shorthand property for border-top-width 4 1 6 1
setting all of the properties border-style
for the top border in one border-color
declaration
border-top-color Sets the color of the top border-color 4 1 6 2
border
border-top-style Sets the style of the top border-style 4 1 6 2
border
border-top-width Sets the width of the top thin 4 1 4 1
border medium
thick
length
border-width A shorthand property for thin 4 1 4 1
setting the width of the four medium
borders in one declaration, thick
can have from one to four length
values

The CSS outline properties is used to draw a line around an element, outside the
border edge.

Examples

Draw a line around an element (outline) (does not work in IE)


This example demonstrates how to draw a line around an element, outside the border edge.

Set the style of an outline (does not work in IE)


This example demonstrates how to set the style of an outline.

Set the color of an outline (does not work in IE)


This example demonstrates how to set the color of an outline.

Set the width of an outline (does not work in IE)


This example demonstrates how to set the width of an outline.

CSS Outline Properties

An outline is a line that is drawn around elements, outside the border edge, to make the
element "stand out".

The CSS outline properties sets the outlines around elements. You can specify the style, color,
and width of the outline.

Note: Outlines do not take up space, and they do not have to be rectangular.

Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values IE F N W3C


outline A shorthand property for outline-color - 1.5 - 2
setting all the outline outline-style
properties in one declaration outline-width
outline-color Sets the color of the outline color - 1.5 - 2
around an element invert
outline-style Sets the style of the outline none - 1.5 - 2
around an element dotted
dashed
solid
double
groove
ridge
inset
outset
outline-width Sets the width of the outline thin - 1.5 - 2
around an element medium
thick
length

The CSS margin properties define the space around elements.

Examples

All the margin properties in one declaration


This example demonstrates how to set a shorthand property for setting all of the margin
properties in one declaration.

Set the top margin of a text using a cm value


This example demonstrates how to set the top margin of a text using a cm value.

Set the bottom margin of a text using a percent value


This example demonstrates how to set the bottom margin of a text using a percent value.

CSS Margin Properties

The CSS margin properties define the space around elements. It is possible to use negative
values to overlap content. The top, right, bottom, and left margin can be changed independently
using separate properties. A shorthand margin property can also be used to change all of the
margins at once.

Note: Netscape and IE give the body tag a default margin of 8px. Opera does not! Instead,
Opera applies a default padding of 8px, so if one wants to adjust the margin for an entire page
and have it display correctly in Opera, the body padding must be set as well!

Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values IE F N W3C


margin A shorthand property for margin-top 4 1 4 1
setting the margin properties margin-right
in one declaration margin-bottom
margin-left
margin-bottom Sets the bottom margin of auto 4 1 4 1
an element length
%
margin-left Sets the left margin of an auto 3 1 4 1
element length
%
margin-right Sets the right margin of an auto 3 1 4 1
element length
%
margin-top Sets the top margin of an auto 3 1 4 1
element length
%

The CSS padding properties define the space between the element border and the
element content.

Examples

All the padding properties in one declaration


This example demonstrates a shorthand property for setting all of the padding properties in one
declaration, can have from one to four values.

Set the top padding using a cm value


This example demonstrates how to set the top padding of a table cell using a cm value.

Set the bottom padding using a percent value


This example demonstrates how to set the bottom padding of a table cell using a percent value.

CSS Padding Properties

The CSS padding properties define the space between the element border and the element
content. Negative values are not allowed. The top, right, bottom, and left padding can be
changed independently using separate properties. A shorthand padding property is also created
to control multiple sides at once.

Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values IE F N W3C


padding A shorthand property for padding-top 4 1 4 1
setting all of the padding padding-right
properties in one declaration padding-bottom
padding-left
padding-bottom Sets the bottom padding of length 4 1 4 1
an element %
padding-left Sets the left padding of an length 4 1 4 1
element %
padding-right Sets the right padding of an length 4 1 4 1
element %
padding-top Sets the top padding of an length 4 1 4 1
element %
The CSS list properties allow you to place the list-item marker, change between
different list-item markers, or set an image as the list-item marker.

Examples

The different list-item markers in unordered lists


This example demonstrates the different list-item markers in CSS.

The different list-item markers in ordered lists


This example demonstrates the different list-item markers in CSS.

All the list style types


This example demonstrates all the different list-item markers in CSS.

Set an image as the list-item marker


This example demonstrates how to set an image as the list-item marker.

Place the list-item marker


This example demonstrates where to place the list-item marker.

All list properties in one declaration


This example demonstrates a shorthand property for setting all of the properties for a list in one
declaration.

CSS List Properties

The CSS list properties allow you to place the list-item marker, change between different list-
item markers, or set an image as the list-item marker.

Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values IE F N W3C


list-style A shorthand property for list-style-type 4 1 6 1
setting all of the properties list-style-position
for a list in one declaration list-style-image
list-style-image Sets an image as the list- none 4 1 6 1
item marker url
list-style-position Sets where the list-item inside 4 1 6 1
marker is placed in the list outside
list-style-type Sets the type of the list-item none 4 1 4 1
marker disc
circle
square
decimal
decimal-leading-zero
lower-roman
upper-roman
lower-alpha
upper-alpha
lower-greek
lower-latin
upper-latin
hebrew
armenian
georgian
cjk-ideographic
hiragana
katakana
hiragana-iroha
katakana-iroha
marker-offset auto 1 7 2
length

The CSS table properties allow you to set the layout of a table.

Examples

Set the layout of a table


This example demonstrates how to set the layout of a table.

Show empty cells in a table


This example demonstrates whether or not to show empty cells in a table.

Collapse a table border


This example demonstrates whether the table borders are collapsed into a single border or
detached as in standard HTML.

Set the space between table borders


This example demonstrates how to set the distance between cell borders.

Set the position of the table caption


This example demonstrates how to position the table caption.

CSS Table Properties

The CSS table properties allow you to set the layout of a table.

Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, M: Mac IE only, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values IE F N W3C


border-collapse Sets whether the table collapse 5 1 7 2
borders are collapsed into a separate
single border or detached as
in standard HTML
border-spacing Sets the distance that length length 5M 1 6 2
separates cell borders (only
for the "separated borders"
model)
caption-side Sets the position of the table top 5M 1 6 2
caption bottom
left
right
empty-cells Sets whether or not to show show 5M 1 6 2
empty cells in a table (only hide
for the "separated borders"
model)
table-layout Sets the algorithm used to auto 5 1 6 2
display the table cells, rows, fixed
and columns

The CSS dimension properties allow you to control the height and width of an
element. It also allows you to increase the space between two lines.

Examples

Set the height of an image using percent


This example demonstrates how to set the height of an element using a percent value.

Set the width of an element using a pixel value


This example demonstrates how to set the width of an element using a pixel value.

Set the maximum height of an element


This example demonstrates how to set the maximum height of an element.

Set the maximum width of an element using percent


This example demonstrates how to set the maximum width of an element using a percent value.

Set the minimum height of an element


This example demonstrates how to set the minimum height of an element.

Set the minimum width of an element using a pixel value


This example demonstrates how to set the minimum width of an element using a pixel value.

Specify the space between lines using a percent value


This example demonstrates how to specify the space between the lines in a paragraph using a
percent value.

Specify the space between lines using a pixel value


This example demonstrates how to specify the space between the lines in a paragraph using a
pixel value.

Specify the space between lines using a number value


This example demonstrates how to specify the space between the lines in a paragraph using a
number value.

CSS Dimension Properties

The CSS dimension properties allow you to control the height and width of an element. It also
allows you to increase the space between two lines.
Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values IE F N W3C


height Sets the height of an auto 4 1 6 1
element length
%
line-height Sets the distance between normal 4 1 4 1
lines number
length
%
max-height Sets the maximum height of none - 1 6 2
an element length
%
max-width Sets the maximum width of none - 1 6 2
an element length
%
min-height Sets the minimum height of length - 1 6 2
an element %
min-width Sets the minimum width of length - 1 6 2
an element %
width Sets the width of an element auto 4 1 4 1
%
length

The CSS classification properties allow you to specify how and where to display an
element.

Examples

How to display an element as an inline element.


This example demonstrates how to display an element as an inline element.

How to display an element as a block element


This example demonstrates how to display an element as a block element.

A simple use of the float property


Let an image float to the right in a paragraph.

An image with border and margins that floats to the right in a paragraph
Let an image float to the right in a paragraph. Add border and margins to the image.

An image with a caption that floats to the right


Let an image with a caption float to the right.

Let the first letter of a paragraph float to the left


Let the first letter of a paragraph float to the left and style the letter.

Creating a horizontal menu


Use float with a list of hyperlinks to create a horizontal menu.

Creating a homepage without tables


Use float to create a homepage with a header, footer, left content and main content.
Position:relative
This example demonstrates how to position an element relative to its normal position.

Position:absolute
This example demonstrates how to position an element using an absolute value.

How to make an element invisible


This example demonstrates how to make an element invisible. Do you want the element to
show or not?

How to make a table element collapse


This example demonstrates how to make a table element collapse.

Change the cursor


This example demonstrates how to change the cursor.

Clear the sides of an element


This example demonstrates how clear the sides of other floating elements.

CSS Classification Properties

The CSS classification properties allow you to control how to display an element, set where an
image will appear in another element, position an element relative to its normal position,
position an element using an absolute value, and how to control the visibility of an element.

Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values IE F N W3C


clear Sets the sides of an element left 4 1 4 1
where other floating right
elements are not allowed both
none
cursor Specifies the type of cursor url 4 1 6 2
to be displayed auto
crosshair
default
pointer
move
e-resize
ne-resize
nw-resize
n-resize
se-resize
sw-resize
s-resize
w-resize
text
wait
help
display Sets how/if an element is none 4 1 4 1
displayed inline
block
list-item
run-in
compact
marker
table
inline-table
table-row-group
table-header-group
table-footer-group
table-row
table-column-group
table-column
table-cell
table-caption
float Sets where an image or a left 4 1 4 1
text will appear in another right
element none
position Places an element in a static, static 4 1 4 2
relative, absolute or fixed relative
position absolute
fixed
visibility Sets if an element should be visible 4 1 6 2
visible or invisible hidden
collapse

The CSS positioning properties allows you to position an element.

Examples

Position:relative
This example demonstrates how to position an element relative to its normal position.

Position:absolute
This example demonstrates how to position an element using an absolute value.

Position:fixed
This example demonstrates how to position an element with relative to the browser window.

Set the shape of an element


This example demonstrates how to set the shape of an element. The element is clipped into this
shape, and displayed.

How to show overflow in an element using scroll


This example demonstrates how to set the overflow property to create a scroll bar when an
element's content is too big to fit in a specified area.

How to hide overflow in an element


This example demonstrates how to set the overflow property to hide the content if it is too big
to fit in a specified area.

How to set the browser to automatically handle overflow


This example demonstrates how to set the browser to automatically handle overflow.

Vertical alignment of an image


This example demonstrates how to set the vertical align of an image in a text.

Z-index
Z-index can be used to place an element "behind" another element.

Z-index
The elements in the example above have now changed their Z-index.
Set the top edge of an image using a pixel value
This example demonstrates how to set the top edge of an element using a pixel value.

Set the left edge of an image using a percent value


This example demonstrates how to set the left edge of an element using a percent value.

CSS Positioning Properties

The CSS positioning properties allow you to specify the left, right, top, and bottom position of
an element. It also allows you to set the shape of an element, place an element behind another,
and to specify what should happen when an element's content is too big to fit in a specified
area.

Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values IE F N W3C


bottom Sets how far the bottom auto 5 1 6 2
edge of an element is %
above/below the bottom length
edge of the parent element
clip Sets the shape of an shape 4 1 6 2
element. The element is auto
clipped into this shape, and
displayed
left Sets how far the left edge of auto 4 1 4 2
an element is to the %
right/left of the left edge of length
the parent element
overflow Sets what happens if the visible 4 1 6 2
content of an element hidden
overflow its area scroll
auto
position Places an element in a static, static 4 1 4 2
relative, absolute or fixed relative
position absolute
fixed
right Sets how far the right edge auto 5 1 6 2
of an element is to the %
left/right of the right edge of length
the parent element
top Sets how far the top edge of auto 4 1 4 2
an element is above/below %
the top edge of the parent length
element
vertical-align Sets the vertical alignment baseline 4 1 4 1
of an element sub
super
top
text-top
middle
bottom
text-bottom
length
%
z-index Sets the stack order of an auto 4 1 6 2
element number

CSS pseudo-classes are used to add special effects to some selectors.

Examples

Hyperlink
This example demonstrates how to add different colors to a hyperlink in a document.

Hyperlink 2
This example demonstrates how to add other styles to hyperlinks.

Hyperlink: use of :focus (does not work in IE)


This example demonstrates how to use the :focus pseudo-class on a hyperlink.

:first-child - change first child <p>


This example sets any <p> element that is the first child of any element to blue.

:first-child - change first child <i> in all <p> elements


This example sets the first <i> element in all <p> elements to blue.

:first-child - change all <i> elements in first child <p>


This example sets any <i> elements in first child <p> elements to blue.

:lang (does not work in IE)


This example demonstrates the use of the :lang pseudo-class.

Syntax

The syntax of pseudo-classes:

selector:pseudo-class {property:value}

CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-classes:

selector.class:pseudo-class {property:value}

Anchor Pseudo-classes

Links can be displayed in different ways in a CSS-supporting browser:

a:link {color:#FF0000} /* unvisited link */


a:visited {color:#00FF00} /* visited link */
a:hover {color:#FF00FF} /* mouse over link */
a:active {color:#0000FF} /* selected link */

Note: a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS definition in order to be
effective!!

Note: a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in order to be effective!!
Note: Pseudo-class names are not case-sensitive.

Pseudo-classes and CSS Classes

Pseudo-classes can be combined with CSS classes:

a.red:visited {color:#FF0000}

<a class="red" href="css_syntax.asp">CSS Syntax</a>

If the link in the example above has been visited, it will be displayed in red.

CSS2 - The :first-child Pseudo-class

The :first-child pseudo-class matches a specified element that is the first child of another
element.

Note: For :first-child to work in IE a <!DOCTYPE> must be declared.

Match the first <p> element

In the following example, the selector matches any <p> element that is the first child
of any element:

Example
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p:first-child
{
color:blue
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<p>I am a strong man.</p>
<p>I am a strong man.</p>
</body>
</html>

Match the first <i> element in all <p> elements

In the following example, the selector matches the first <i> element in all <p>
elements:

Example
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p > i:first-child
{
font-weight:bold
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<p>I am a <i>strong</i> man. I am a <i>strong</i> man.</p>
<p>I am a <i>strong</i> man. I am a <i>strong</i> man.</p>
</body>
</html>

Match all <i> elements in all first child <p> elements

In the following example, the selector matches all <i> elements in <p> elements that
are the first child of another element:

Example
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p:first-child i
{
color:blue
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<p>I am a <i>strong</i> man. I am a <i>strong</i> man.</p>
<p>I am a <i>strong</i> man. I am a <i>strong</i> man.</p>
</body>
</html>

CSS2 - The :lang Pseudo-class

The :lang pseudo-class allows you to define special rules for different languages. In
the example below, the :lang class defines the type of quotation marks for q elements
with a lang attribute with a value of "no":

<html>

<head>
<style type="text/css">
q:lang(no)
{
quotes:"~" "~"
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<p>Some text <q lang="no">A quote in a paragraph</q>
Some text.</p>
</body>

</html>

Pseudo-classes

Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Pseudo-class Purpose IE F N W3C


:active Adds special style to an activated element 4 1 8 1
:focus Adds special style to an element while the element - 1.5 8 2
has focus
:hover Adds special style to an element when you mouse 4 1 7 1
over it
:link Adds special style to an unvisited link 3 1 4 1
:visited Adds special style to a visited link 3 1 4 1
:first-child Adds special style to an element that is the first child 7 1 7 2
of some other element
:lang Allows the author to specify a language to use in a - 1 8 2
specified element

CSS can be used to create an image gallery.

Image Gallery

The following image gallery is created with CSS:

Image gallery

The source code looks like this:

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
div.img
{
margin:2px;
border:1px solid #0000ff;
height:auto;
width:auto;
float:left;
text-align:center;
}
div.img img
{
display:inline;
margin:3px;
border:1px solid #ffffff;
}
div.img a:hover img
{
border:1px solid #0000ff;
}
div.desc
{
text-align:center;
font-weight:normal;
width:120px;
margin:2px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="img">
<a target="_blank" href="klematis_big.htm">
<img src="klematis_small.jpg" alt="Klematis" width="110" height="90"
/>
</a>
<div class="desc">Add a description of the image here</div>
</div>
<div class="img">
<a target="_blank" href="klematis2_big.htm">
<img src="klematis2_small.jpg" alt="Klematis" width="110"
height="90" />
</a>
<div class="desc">Add a description of the image here</div>
</div>
<div class="img">
<a target="_blank" href="klematis3_big.htm">
<img src="klematis3_small.jpg" alt="Klematis" width="110"
height="90" />
</a>
<div class="desc">Add a description of the image here</div>
</div>
<div class="img">
<a target="_blank" href="klematis4_big.htm">
<img src="klematis4_small.jpg" alt="Klematis" width="110"
height="90" />
</a>
<div class="desc">Add a description of the image here</div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

Creating transparent images with CSS is easy.

Examples

Creating transparent images - mouseover effect


Creating a transparent box with text on a background image

Note: This is not yet a CSS standard. However, it works in all modern browsers, and is a part of
the W3C CSS 3 recommendation.

Example 1 - Creating a Transparent Image

First we will show you how to create a transparent image with CSS.

Regular image:

The same image with transparency:

Look at the following source code:

<img src="klematis.jpg" width="150" height="113" alt="klematis"


style="opacity:0.4;filter:alpha(opacity=40)" />

Firefox uses the property opacity:x for transparency, while IE uses filter:alpha(opacity=x).

Tip: The CSS3 syntax for transparency is opacity:x.

In Firefox (opacity:x) x can be a value from 0.0 - 1.0. A lower value makes the element more
transparent.

In IE (filter:alpha(opacity=x)) x can be a value from 0 - 100. A lower value makes the element
more transparent.

Example 2 - Image Transparency - Mouseover Effect

Mouse over the images:


The source code looks like this:

<img src="klematis.jpg" style="opacity:0.4;filter:alpha(opacity=40)"


onmouseover="this.style.opacity=1;this.filters.alpha.opacity=100"
onmouseout="this.style.opacity=0.4;this.filters.alpha.opacity=40" />

<img src="klematis2.jpg" style="opacity:0.4;filter:alpha(opacity=40)"


onmouseover="this.style.opacity=1;this.filters.alpha.opacity=100"
onmouseout="this.style.opacity=0.4;this.filters.alpha.opacity=40" />

We see that the first line of the source code is similar to the source code in Example 1. In
addition, we have added an onmouseover attribute and an onmouseout attribute. The
onmouseover attribute defines what will happen when the mouse pointer moves over the image.
In this case we want the image to NOT be transparent when we move the mouse pointer over it.

The syntax for this in Firefox is: this.style.opacity=1 and the syntax in IE is:
this.filters.alpha.opacity=100.

When the mouse pointer moves away from the image, we want the image to be transparent
again. This is done in the onmouseout attribute.

Example 3 - Text in Transparent Box


This is some text that is placed in the transparent box.
This is some text that is placed in the transparent box.
This is some text that is placed in the transparent box.
This is some text that is placed in the transparent box.
This is some text that is placed in the transparent box.

The source code looks like this:

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
div.background
{
width:500px;
height:250px;
background:url(klematis.jpg) repeat;
border:2px solid black;
}
div.transbox
{
width:400px;
height:180px;
margin:30px 50px;
background-color:#ffffff;
border:1px solid black;
/* for IE */
filter:alpha(opacity=60);
/* CSS3 standard */
opacity:0.6;
}
div.transbox p
{
margin:30px 40px;
font-weight:bold;
color:#000000;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>

<div class="background">
<div class="transbox">
<p>This is some text that is placed in the transparent box.
This is some text that is placed in the transparent box.
This is some text that is placed in the transparent box.
This is some text that is placed in the transparent box.
This is some text that is placed in the transparent box.
</p>
</div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

First, we create a div element (class="background") with a fixed height and width, a
background image, and a border. Then we create a smaller div (class="transbox") inside the
first div element. This div also have a fixed width, a background image, and a border. In
addition we make this div transparent.

Inside the transparent div, we add some text inside a p element.

Media Types allow you to specify how documents will be presented in different media.
The document can be displayed differently on the screen, on the paper, with an aural
browser, etc.

Media Types

Some CSS properties are only designed for a certain media. For example the "voice-family"
property is designed for aural user agents. Some other properties can be used for different
media types. For example, the "font-size" property can be used for both screen and print media,
but perhaps with different values. A document usually needs a larger font-size on a screen than
on paper, and sans-serif fonts are easier to read on the screen, while serif fonts are easier to
read on paper.

The @media Rule

The @media rule allows different style rules for different media in the same style sheet.

The style in the example below tells the browser to display a 14 pixels Verdana font
on the screen. But if the page is printed, it will be in a 10 pixels Times font. Notice
that the font-weight is set to bold, both on screen and on paper:
<html>
<head>
<style>
@media screen
{
p.test {font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:14px}
}
@media print
{
p.test {font-family:times,serif;font-size:10px}
}
@media screen,print
{
p.test {font-weight:bold}
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
....
</body>
</html>

See it yourself ! If you are using Mozilla/Firefox or IE 5+ and print this page, you will see that
the paragraph under "Media Types" will be displayed in another font, and have a smaller font
size than the rest of the text.

Different Media Types

Note: The media type names are not case-sensitive.

Media Type Description


all Used for all media type devices
aural Used for speech and sound synthesizers
braille Used for braille tactile feedback devices
embossed Used for paged braille printers
handheld Used for small or handheld devices
print Used for printers
projection Used for projected presentations, like slides
screen Used for computer screens
tty Used for media using a fixed-pitch character grid, like teletypes and terminals
tv Used for television-type devices

Here are some technologies you should try to avoid when using CSS.

Internet Explorer Behaviors

What is it? Internet Explorer 5 introduced behaviors. Behaviors are a way to add behaviors to
HTML elements with the use of CSS styles.

Why avoid it? The behavior attribute is only supported by Internet Explorer.
What to use instead? Use JavaScript and the HTML DOM instead.

Example 1 - Mouseover Highlight

The following HTML file has a <style> element that defines a behavior for the <h1>
element:

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
h1 { behavior:url(behave.htc) }
</style>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Mouse over me!!!</h1>
</body>
</html>

The XML document "behave.htc" is shown below:

Example (IE 5 - 7 Only)

The behavior file contains a JavaScript and event handlers for the elements.

<attach for="element" event="onmouseover" handler="hig_lite" />


<attach for="element" event="onmouseout" handler="low_lite" />

<script type="text/javascript">
function hig_lite()
{
element.style.color='red';
}

function low_lite()
{
element.style.color='blue';
}
</script>

Example 2 - Typewriter Simulation

The following HTML file has a <style> element that defines a behavior for elements
with an id of "typing":

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
#typing
{
behavior:url(behave_typing.htc);
font-family:"courier new";
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<span id="typing" speed="100">IE5 introduced DHTML behaviors.
Behaviors are a way to add DHTML functionality to HTML elements
with the ease of CSS.<br /><br />How do behaviors work?<br />
By using XML we can link behaviors to any element in a web page
and manipulate that element.</p>
</span>
</body>
</html>

The XML document "typing.htc" is shown below:

Example (IE 5 - 7 Only)


<attach for="window" event="onload" handler="beginTyping" />
<method name="type" />

<script type="text/javascript">
var i,text1,text2,textLength,t;

function beginTyping()
{
i=0;
text1=element.innerText;
textLength=text1.length;
element.innerText="";
text2="";
t=window.setInterval(element.id+".type()",speed);
}

function type()
{
text2=text2+text1.substring(i,i+1);
element.innerText=text2;
i=i+1;
if (i==textLength)
{
clearInterval(t);
}
}
</script>

CSS Summary

This tutorial has taught you how to create style sheets to control the style and layout of multiple
web sites at once.

You have learned how to use CSS to add backgrounds, format text, add and format borders,
and specify padding and margins of elements.

You have also learned how to position an element, control the visibility and size of an element,
set the shape of an element, place an element behind another, and to add special effects to
some selectors, like links.
For more information on CSS, please take a look at our CSS examples and our CSS reference.

Now You Know CSS, What's Next?

The next step is to learn XHTML and JavaScript.

XHTML

XHTML reformulates HTML 4.01 in XML.

If you want to learn more about XHTML, please visit our XHTML tutorial.

JavaScript

JavaScript can make your web site more dynamic.

A static web site is nice when you just want to show flat content, but a dynamic web site can
react to events and allow user interaction.

JavaScript is the most popular scripting language on the internet and it works with all major
browsers.

If you want to learn more about JavaScript, please visit our JavaScript tutorial.

W3Schools' Online Certification Program.

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family, and career building.

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CSS Background Examples

Set the background color


Set an image as the background
How to repeat a background image
How to repeat a background image only vertically
How to repeat a background image only horizontally
How to display a background image only one time
How to place the background image
How to position a background image using %
How to position a background image using pixels
A fixed background image (this image will not scroll with the rest of the page)
All the background properties in one declaration
Background properties explained

Text

Set the color of the text


Set the background-color of the text
Specify the space between characters
Specify the space between lines
Align the text
Decorate the text
Indent text
Control the letters in a text
Set the text direction of an element
Increase the white space between words
Disable text wrapping inside an element

Text properties explained

Font

Set the font of a text


Set a paragraph font using the "caption" value
Set the size of the font
Set the style of the font
Set the size of the font using font-size-adjust
Set the variant of the font
Set the boldness of the font
All the font properties in one declaration

Font properties explained

Border

All the border properties in one declaration


Set different borders on each side
All the top border properties in one declaration
All the bottom border properties in one declaration
All the left border properties in one declaration
All the right border properties in one declaration
Set the style of the four borders
Set the style of the top border
Set the style of the bottom border
Set the style of the left border
Set the style of the right border
All the width border properties in one declaration
Set the width of the top border
Set the width of the bottom border
Set the width of the left border
Set the width of the right border
Set the color of the four borders
Set the color of the top border
Set the color of the bottom border
Set the color of the left border
Set the color of the right border

Border properties explained


Outline

Draw a line around an element (outline) (Does not work in IE)


Set the style of an outline (Does not work in IE)
Set the color of an outline (Does not work in IE)
Set the width of an outline (Does not work in IE)

Outline properties explained

Margin

All the margin properties in one declaration


Set the top margin of a text using a cm value
Set the top margin of a text using a percent value
Set the bottom margin of a text using a cm value
Set the bottom margin of a text using a percent value
Set the left margin of a text using a cm value
Set the left margin of a text using a percent value
Set the right margin of a text using a cm value
Set the right margin of a text using a percent value

Margin properties explained

Padding

Set the left padding of a tablecell


Set the right padding of a tablecell
Set the top padding of a tablecell
Set the bottom padding of a tablecell
All the padding properties in one declaration

Padding properties explained

List

The different list-item markers in unordered lists


The different list-item markers in ordered lists
All the list style types
Set an image as the list-item marker
Place the list-item marker
All list properties in one declaration

List properties explained

Table

Set the layout of a table


Show empty cells in a table
Collapse a table border
Set the space between table borders
Set the position of the table caption
Table properties explained

Dimension

Set the height of an image using a pixel value


Set the height of an image using percent
Set the width of an element using a pixel value
Set the width of an element using percent
Set the maximum height of an element
Set the maximum width of an element using a pixel value
Set the maximum width of an element using percent
Set the minimum height of an element
Set the minimum width of an element using a pixel value
Set the minimum width of an element using percent
Specify the space between lines using a percent value
Specify the space between lines using a pixel value
Specify the space between lines using a number value

Dimension properties explained

Classification

How to display an element as an inline element


How to display an element as a block element
A simple use of the float property
An image with border and margins that floats to the right in a paragraph
An image with a caption that floats to the right
Let the first letter of a paragraph float to the left
Creating a horizontal menu
Creating a homepage without tables
Position an element relative to its normal position
Position an element with an absolute value
Position an element relative to the browser window
How to make an element invisible
How to make a table element collapse
Change the cursor
Clear the sides of an element

Classification properties explained

Positioning

Position an element relative to its normal position


Position an element with an absolute value
Set the shape of an element
How to show overflow in an element using scroll
How to hide overflow in an element
How to show set the browser to automatically handle overflow
Vertical alignment of an image
Place an element "behind" another element
Place an element "behind" another element 2
Set the top edge of an image using a pixel value
Set the top edge of an image using a percent value
Set the bottom edge of an image using a pixel value
Set the bottom edge of an image using a percent value
Set the left edge of an image using a pixel value
Set the left edge of an image using a percent value
Set the right edge of an image using a pixel value
Set the right edge of an image using a percent value

Positioning properties explained

Generated Content

Changes the quotation marks on a page

Pseudo-classes

Add different colors to a hyperlink


Add other styles to hyperlinks
Hyperlink: use of :focus (does not work in IE)
:first-child - change first child <p>
:first-child - change the first <i> in all <p> elements
:first-child - change all <i> elements in first child <p>
:lang (does not work in IE)

Pseudo-classes explained

Pseudo-elements

Make the first letter special in a text


Make the first line special in a text
Make the first letter and first line special
Use :before to insert some content before an element (Does not work in IE)
Use :after to insert some content after an element (Does not work in IE)

Pseudo-elements explained

The links in the "Property" column point to more useful information about each
property.

 Background  Generated Content  Positioning


 Border  List and Marker  Table
 Classification  Margin  Text
 Dimension  Outlines  Pseudo-classes

 Font  Padding  Pseudo-elements

Browser support: IE: Internet Explorer, M: Mac IE only, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the property is
defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Background
Property Description Values IE F N W3C
background A shorthand property for background-color 4 1 6 1
setting all background background-image
properties in one declaration background-repeat
background-attachment
background-position
background- Sets whether a background scroll 4 1 6 1
attachment image is fixed or scrolls with fixed
the rest of the page
background-color Sets the background color of color-rgb 4 1 4 1
an element color-hex
color-name
transparent
background-image Sets an image as the url(URL) 4 1 4 1
background none
background-position Sets the starting position of top left 4 1 6 1
a background image top center
top right
center left
center center
center right
bottom left
bottom center
bottom right
x% y%
xpos ypos
background-repeat Sets if/how a background repeat 4 1 4 1
image will be repeated repeat-x
repeat-y
no-repeat

Border
Property Description Values IE F N W3C
border A shorthand property for border-width 4 1 4 1
setting all of the properties border-style
for the four borders in one border-color
declaration
border-bottom A shorthand property for border-bottom-width 4 1 6 1
setting all of the properties border-style
for the bottom border in one border-color
declaration
border-bottom-color Sets the color of the bottom border-color 4 1 6 2
border
border-bottom-style Sets the style of the bottom border-style 4 1 6 2
border
border-bottom-width Sets the width of the bottom thin 4 1 4 1
border medium
thick
length
border-color Sets the color of the four color 4 1 6 1
borders, can have from one
to four colors
border-left A shorthand property for border-left-width 4 1 6 1
setting all of the properties border-style
for the left border in one border-color
declaration
border-left-color Sets the color of the left border-color 4 1 6 2
border
border-left-style Sets the style of the left border-style 4 1 6 2
border
border-left-width Sets the width of the left thin 4 1 4 1
border medium
thick
length
border-right A shorthand property for border-right-width 4 1 6 1
setting all of the properties border-style
for the right border in one border-color
declaration
border-right-color Sets the color of the right border-color 4 1 6 2
border
border-right-style Sets the style of the right border-style 4 1 6 2
border
border-right-width Sets the width of the right thin 4 1 4 1
border medium
thick
length
border-style Sets the style of the four none 4 1 6 1
borders, can have from one hidden
to four styles dotted
dashed
solid
double
groove
ridge
inset
outset
border-top A shorthand property for border-top-width 4 1 6 1
setting all of the properties border-style
for the top border in one border-color
declaration
border-top-color Sets the color of the top border-color 4 1 6 2
border
border-top-style Sets the style of the top border-style 4 1 6 2
border
border-top-width Sets the width of the top thin 4 1 4 1
border medium
thick
length
border-width A shorthand property for thin 4 1 4 1
setting the width of the four medium
borders in one declaration, thick
can have from one to four length
values

Classification
Property Description Values IE F N W3C
clear Sets the sides of an element left 4 1 4 1
where other floating right
elements are not allowed both
none
cursor Specifies the type of cursor url 4 1 6 2
to be displayed auto
crosshair
default
pointer
move
e-resize
ne-resize
nw-resize
n-resize
se-resize
sw-resize
s-resize
w-resize
text
wait
help
display Sets how/if an element is none 4 1 4 1
displayed inline
block
list-item
run-in
compact
marker
table
inline-table
table-row-group
table-header-group
table-footer-group
table-row
table-column-group
table-column
table-cell
table-caption
float Sets where an image or a left 4 1 4 1
text will appear in another right
element none
position Places an element in a static, static 4 1 4 2
relative, absolute or fixed relative
position absolute
fixed
visibility Sets if an element should be visible 4 1 6 2
visible or invisible hidden
collapse

Dimension
Property Description Values IE F N W3C
height Sets the height of an auto 4 1 6 1
element length
%
line-height Sets the distance between normal 4 1 4 1
lines number
length
%
max-height Sets the maximum height of none - 1 6 2
an element length
%
max-width Sets the maximum width of none - 1 6 2
an element length
%
min-height Sets the minimum height of length - 1 6 2
an element %
min-width Sets the minimum width of length - 1 6 2
an element %
width Sets the width of an element auto 4 1 4 1
%
length

Font
Property Description Values IE F N W3C
font A shorthand property for font-style 4 1 4 1
setting all of the properties font-variant
for a font in one declaration font-weight
font-size/line-height
font-family
caption
icon
menu
message-box
small-caption
status-bar
font-family A prioritized list of font family-name 3 1 4 1
family names and/or generic generic-family
family names for an element
font-size Sets the size of a font xx-small 3 1 4 1
x-small
small
medium
large
x-large
xx-large
smaller
larger
length
%
font-size-adjust Specifies an aspect value for none - 1 - 2
an element that will preserve number
the x-height of the first-
choice font
font-stretch Condenses or expands the normal - - - 2
current font-family wider
narrower
ultra-condensed
extra-condensed
condensed
semi-condensed
semi-expanded
expanded
extra-expanded
ultra-expanded
font-style Sets the style of the font normal 4 1 4 1
italic
oblique
font-variant Displays text in a small-caps normal 4 1 6 1
font or a normal font small-caps
font-weight Sets the weight of a font normal 4 1 4 1
bold
bolder
lighter
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900

Generated Content
Property Description Values IE F N W3C
content Generates content in a string 1 6 2
document. Used with the url
:before and :after pseudo- counter(name)
elements counter(name, list-
style-type)
counters(name, string)
counters(name, string,
list-style-type)
attr(X)
open-quote
close-quote
no-open-quote
no-close-quote
counter-increment Sets how much the counter none 2
increments on each identifier number
occurrence of a selector
counter-reset Sets the value the counter is none 2
set to on each occurrence of identifier number
a selector
quotes Sets the type of quotation none - 1 6 2
marks string string

List and Marker


Property Description Values IE F N W3C
list-style A shorthand property for list-style-type 4 1 6 1
setting all of the properties list-style-position
for a list in one declaration list-style-image
list-style-image Sets an image as the list- none 4 1 6 1
item marker url
list-style-position Sets where the list-item inside 4 1 6 1
marker is placed in the list outside
list-style-type Sets the type of the list-item none 4 1 4 1
marker disc
circle
square
decimal
decimal-leading-zero
lower-roman
upper-roman
lower-alpha
upper-alpha
lower-greek
lower-latin
upper-latin
hebrew
armenian
georgian
cjk-ideographic
hiragana
katakana
hiragana-iroha
katakana-iroha
marker-offset auto 1 7 2
length

Margin
Property Description Values IE F N W3C
margin A shorthand property for margin-top 4 1 4 1
setting the margin properties margin-right
in one declaration margin-bottom
margin-left
margin-bottom Sets the bottom margin of auto 4 1 4 1
an element length
%
margin-left Sets the left margin of an auto 3 1 4 1
element length
%
margin-right Sets the right margin of an auto 3 1 4 1
element length
%
margin-top Sets the top margin of an auto 3 1 4 1
element length
%

Outlines
Property Description Values IE F N W3C
outline A shorthand property for outline-color - 1.5 - 2
setting all the outline outline-style
properties in one declaration outline-width
outline-color Sets the color of the outline color - 1.5 - 2
around an element invert
outline-style Sets the style of the outline none - 1.5 - 2
around an element dotted
dashed
solid
double
groove
ridge
inset
outset
outline-width Sets the width of the outline thin - 1.5 - 2
around an element medium
thick
length

Padding
Property Description Values IE F N W3C
padding A shorthand property for padding-top 4 1 4 1
setting all of the padding padding-right
properties in one declaration padding-bottom
padding-left
padding-bottom Sets the bottom padding of length 4 1 4 1
an element %
padding-left Sets the left padding of an length 4 1 4 1
element %
padding-right Sets the right padding of an length 4 1 4 1
element %
padding-top Sets the top padding of an length 4 1 4 1
element %

Positioning
Property Description Values IE F N W3C
bottom Sets how far the bottom auto 5 1 6 2
edge of an element is %
above/below the bottom length
edge of the parent element
clip Sets the shape of an shape 4 1 6 2
element. The element is auto
clipped into this shape, and
displayed
left Sets how far the left edge of auto 4 1 4 2
an element is to the %
right/left of the left edge of length
the parent element
overflow Sets what happens if the visible 4 1 6 2
content of an element hidden
overflow its area scroll
auto
position Places an element in a static, static 4 1 4 2
relative, absolute or fixed relative
position absolute
fixed
right Sets how far the right edge auto 5 1 6 2
of an element is to the %
left/right of the right edge of length
the parent element
top Sets how far the top edge of auto 4 1 4 2
an element is above/below %
the top edge of the parent length
element
vertical-align Sets the vertical alignment baseline 4 1 4 1
of an element sub
super
top
text-top
middle
bottom
text-bottom
length
%
z-index Sets the stack order of an auto 4 1 6 2
element number

Table
Property Description Values IE F N W3C
border-collapse Sets whether the table collapse 5 1 7 2
borders are collapsed into a separate
single border or detached as
in standard HTML
border-spacing Sets the distance that length length 5M 1 6 2
separates cell borders (only
for the "separated borders"
model)
caption-side Sets the position of the table top 5M 1 6 2
caption bottom
left
right
empty-cells Sets whether or not to show show 5M 1 6 2
empty cells in a table (only hide
for the "separated borders"
model)
table-layout Sets the algorithm used to auto 5 1 6 2
display the table cells, rows, fixed
and columns

Text
Property Description Values IE F N W3C
color Sets the color of a text color 3 1 4 1
direction Sets the text direction ltr 6 1 6 2
rtl
line-height Sets the distance between normal 4 1 4 1
lines number
length
%
letter-spacing Increase or decrease the normal 4 1 6 1
space between characters length
text-align Aligns the text in an element left 4 1 4 1
right
center
justify
text-decoration Adds decoration to text none 4 1 4 1
underline
overline
line-through
blink
text-indent Indents the first line of text length 4 1 4 1
in an element %
text-shadow none
color
length
text-transform Controls the letters in an none 4 1 4 1
element capitalize
uppercase
lowercase
unicode-bidi normal 5 2
embed
bidi-override
white-space Sets how white space inside normal 5 1 4 1
an element is handled pre
nowrap
word-spacing Increase or decrease the normal 6 1 6 1
space between words length

Pseudo-classes
Pseudo-class Purpose IE F N W3C
:active Adds special style to an activated element 4 1 8 1
:focus Adds special style to an element while the element - 1.5 8 2
has focus
:hover Adds special style to an element when you mouse 4 1 7 1
over it
:link Adds special style to an unvisited link 3 1 4 1
:visited Adds special style to a visited link 3 1 4 1
:first-child Adds special style to an element that is the first child - 1 7 2
of some other element
:lang Allows the author to specify a language to use in a - 1 8 2
specified element

Pseudo-elements
Pseudo-element Purpose IE F N W3C
:first-letter Adds special style to the first letter of a text 5 1 8 1
:first-line Adds special style to the first line of a text 5 1 8 1
:before Inserts some content before an element 1.5 8 2
:after Inserts some content after an element 1.5 8 2

Print Properties

Printing HTML documents has always been problematic. In CSS2 the print properties are added
to make it easier to print from the Web.

The links in the "Property" column point to more useful information about the specific property.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values W3C


orphans Sets the minimum number of lines for a number 2
paragraph that must be left at the bottom of a
page
marks Sets what sort of marks should be rendered none
outside the page box crop
cross
page Sets a page type to use when displaying an auto 2
element identifier
page-break-after Sets the page-breaking behavior after an auto 2
element always
avoid
left
right
page-break-before Sets the page-breaking behavior before an auto 2
element always
avoid
left
right
page-break-inside Sets the page-breaking behavior inside an auto 2
element avoid
size Sets the orientation and size of a page auto
portrait
landscape
widows Sets the minimum number of lines for a number 2
paragraph that must be left at the top of a
page

Aural Style Sheets


Aural style sheets use a combination of speech synthesis and sound effects to make the user
listen to information, instead of reading information.

Aural presentation can be used:

 by blind people
 to help users learning to read
 to help users who have reading problems
 for home entertainment
 in the car
 by print-impaired communities

The aural presentation converts the document to plain text and feed this to a screen reader (a
program that reads all the characters on the screen).

An example of an Aural style sheet:

h1,h2,h3,h4
{
voice-family:male;
richness:80;
cue-before:url("beep.au")
}

The example above will make the speech synthesizer play a sound, then speak the headers in a
very rich male voice.

CSS2 Aural Reference

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the
property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property Description Values W3C


azimuth Sets where the sound/voices angle 2
should come from left-side
(horizontally) far-left
left
center-left
center
center-right
right
far-right
right-side
behind
leftwards
rightwards
cue A shorthand property for cue-before 2
setting the cue-before and cue-after
cue-after properties in one
declaration
cue-after Specifies a sound to be none 2
played after speaking an url
element's content to delimit
it from other
cue-before Specifies a sound to be none 2
played before speaking an url
element's content to delimit
it from other
elevation Sets where the sound/voices angle 2
should come from below
(vertically) level
above
higher
lower
pause A shorthand property for pause-before 2
setting the pause-before and pause-after
pause-after properties in one
declaration
pause-after Specifies a pause after time 2
speaking an element's %
content
pause-before Specifies a pause before time 2
speaking an element's %
content
pitch Specifies the speaking voice frequency 2
x-low
low
medium
high
x-high
pitch-range Specifies the variation in the number 2
speaking voice. (Monotone
voice or animated voice?)
play-during Specifies a sound to be auto 2
played while speaking an none
element's content url
mix
repeat
richness Specifies the richness in the number 2
speaking voice. (Rich voice
or thin voice?)
speak Specifies whether content normal 2
will render aurally none
spell-out
speak-header Specifies how to handle table always 2
headers. Should the headers once
be spoken before every cell,
or only before a cell with a
different header than the
previous cell
speak-numeral Specifies how to speak digits 2
numbers continuous
speak-punctuation Specifies how to speak none 2
punctuation characters code
speech-rate Specifies the speed of the number 2
speaking x-slow
slow
medium
fast
x-fast
faster
slower
stress Specifies the "stress" in the number 2
speaking voice
voice-family A prioritized list of voice specific-voice 2
family names that contain generic-voice
specific voices
volume Specifies the volume of the number 2
speaking %
silent
x-soft
soft
medium
loud
x-loud

Measurements

Unit Description
% percentage
in inch
cm centimeter
mm millimeter
em 1em is equal to the current font size. 2em means 2 times the size of the
current font. E.g., if an element is displayed with a font of 12 pt, then
'2em' is 24 pt. The 'em' is a very useful unit in CSS, since it can adapt
automatically to the font that the reader uses
ex one ex is the x-height of a font (x-height is usually about half the font-
size)
pt point (1 pt is the same as 1/72 inch)
pc pica (1 pc is the same as 12 points)
px pixels (a dot on the computer screen)

Colors

Unit Description
color_name A color name (e.g. red)
rgb(x,x,x) An RGB value (e.g. rgb(255,0,0))
rgb(x%, x%, x%) An RGB percentage value (e.g. rgb(100%,0%,0%))
#rrggbb A HEX number (e.g. #ff0000)

Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.

Color Values

CSS colors are defined using a hexadecimal (hex) notation for the combination of Red, Green,
and Blue color values (RGB). The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0
(hex 00). The highest value is 255 (hex FF).

Hex values are written as 3 double digit numbers, starting with a # sign.

Color Examples
Color Color HEX Color RGB

#000000 rgb(0,0,0)

#FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)

#00FF00 rgb(0,255,0)

#0000FF rgb(0,0,255)

#FFFF00 rgb(255,255,0)

#00FFFF rgb(0,255,255)

#FF00FF rgb(255,0,255)

#C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)

#FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)

16 Million Different Colors

The combination of Red, Green and Blue values from 0 to 255 gives a total of more than 16
million different colors to play with (256 x 256 x 256).

Most modern monitors are capable of displaying at least 16384 different colors.

If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of varying the red light from 0 to
255, while keeping the green and blue light at zero.

To see a full list of color mixes when the red light varies from 0 to 255, click on one
of the hex or rgb values below.

Red Light HEX RGB


#000000 rgb(0,0,0)
#080000 rgb(8,0,0)
#100000 rgb(16,0,0)
#180000 rgb(24,0,0)
#200000 rgb(32,0,0)
#280000 rgb(40,0,0)
#300000 rgb(48,0,0)
#380000 rgb(56,0,0)
#400000 rgb(64,0,0)
#480000 rgb(72,0,0)
#500000 rgb(80,0,0)
#580000 rgb(88,0,0)
#600000 rgb(96,0,0)
#680000 rgb(104,0,0)
#700000 rgb(112,0,0)
#780000 rgb(120,0,0)
#800000 rgb(128,0,0)
#880000 rgb(136,0,0)
#900000 rgb(144,0,0)
#980000 rgb(152,0,0)
#A00000 rgb(160,0,0)
#A80000 rgb(168,0,0)
#B00000 rgb(176,0,0)
#B80000 rgb(184,0,0)
#C00000 rgb(192,0,0)
#C80000 rgb(200,0,0)
#D00000 rgb(208,0,0)
#D80000 rgb(216,0,0)
#E00000 rgb(224,0,0)
#E80000 rgb(232,0,0)
#F00000 rgb(240,0,0)
#F80000 rgb(248,0,0)
#FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)

Shades of Gray

Gray colors are displayed using an equal amount of power to all of the light sources.
To make it easier for you to select the right gray color we have compiled a table of
gray shades for you:

Gray Shades HEX RGB


#000000 rgb(0,0,0)
#080808 rgb(8,8,8)
#101010 rgb(16,16,16)
#181818 rgb(24,24,24)
#202020 rgb(32,32,32)
#282828 rgb(40,40,40)
#303030 rgb(48,48,48)
#383838 rgb(56,56,56)
#404040 rgb(64,64,64)
#484848 rgb(72,72,72)
#505050 rgb(80,80,80)
#585858 rgb(88,88,88)
#606060 rgb(96,96,96)
#686868 rgb(104,104,104)
#707070 rgb(112,112,112)
#787878 rgb(120,120,120)
#808080 rgb(128,128,128)
#888888 rgb(136,136,136)
#909090 rgb(144,144,144)
#989898 rgb(152,152,152)
#A0A0A0 rgb(160,160,160)
#A8A8A8 rgb(168,168,168)
#B0B0B0 rgb(176,176,176)
#B8B8B8 rgb(184,184,184)
#C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)
#C8C8C8 rgb(200,200,200)
#D0D0D0 rgb(208,208,208)
#D8D8D8 rgb(216,216,216)
#E0E0E0 rgb(224,224,224)
#E8E8E8 rgb(232,232,232)
#F0F0F0 rgb(240,240,240)
#F8F8F8 rgb(248,248,248)
#FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)

Cross-Browser Color Names

A collection of nearly 150 color names are supported by all major browsers.

View the cross-browser color names

Web Standard Color Names

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has listed 16 valid color names for HTML and CSS:

aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal,
white, and yellow.

If you want to use other colors, you should specify their HEX value.

Web Safe Colors?

Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different colors, a list of 216 "Web Safe
Colors" was suggested as a Web standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors.

This is not important now, since most computers can display millions of different colors, but the
choice is left to you.

The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that all computers would
display the colors correctly when running a 256 color palette:

000000 000033 000066 000099 0000CC 0000FF


003300 003333 003366 003399 0033CC 0033FF
006600 006633 006666 006699 0066CC 0066FF
009900 009933 009966 009999 0099CC 0099FF
00CC00 00CC33 00CC66 00CC99 00CCCC 00CCFF
00FF00 00FF33 00FF66 00FF99 00FFCC 00FFFF
330000 330033 330066 330099 3300CC 3300FF
333300 333333 333366 333399 3333CC 3333FF
336600 336633 336666 336699 3366CC 3366FF
339900 339933 339966 339999 3399CC 3399FF
33CC00 33CC33 33CC66 33CC99 33CCCC 33CCFF
33FF00 33FF33 33FF66 33FF99 33FFCC 33FFFF
660000 660033 660066 660099 6600CC 6600FF
663300 663333 663366 663399 6633CC 6633FF
666600 666633 666666 666699 6666CC 6666FF
669900 669933 669966 669999 6699CC 6699FF
66CC00 66CC33 66CC66 66CC99 66CCCC 66CCFF
66FF00 66FF33 66FF66 66FF99 66FFCC 66FFFF
990000 990033 990066 990099 9900CC 9900FF
993300 993333 993366 993399 9933CC 9933FF
996600 996633 996666 996699 9966CC 9966FF
999900 999933 999966 999999 9999CC 9999FF
99CC00 99CC33 99CC66 99CC99 99CCCC 99CCFF
99FF00 99FF33 99FF66 99FF99 99FFCC 99FFFF
CC0000 CC0033 CC0066 CC0099 CC00CC CC00FF
CC3300 CC3333 CC3366 CC3399 CC33CC CC33FF
CC6600 CC6633 CC6666 CC6699 CC66CC CC66FF
CC9900 CC9933 CC9966 CC9999 CC99CC CC99FF
CCCC00 CCCC33 CCCC66 CCCC99 CCCCCC CCCCFF
CCFF00 CCFF33 CCFF66 CCFF99 CCFFCC CCFFFF
FF0000 FF0033 FF0066 FF0099 FF00CC FF00FF
FF3300 FF3333 FF3366 FF3399 FF33CC FF33FF
FF6600 FF6633 FF6666 FF6699 FF66CC FF66FF
FF9900 FF9933 FF9966 FF9999 FF99CC FF99FF
FFCC00 FFCC33 FFCC66 FFCC99 FFCCCC FFCCFF
FFFF00 FFFF33 FFFF66 FFFF99 FFFFCC FFFFFF

CSS Color Values

The table below provides a list of the color values that are supported by all major browsers.

Click on a hex value (or a color name) to view the color as the background-color along with
different text colors:

Link: Same list sorted by names

Color Name Color HEX Color


Black #000000
Navy #000080
DarkBlue #00008B
MediumBlue #0000CD
Blue #0000FF
DarkGreen #006400
Green #008000
Teal #008080
DarkCyan #008B8B
DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF
DarkTurquoise #00CED1
MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A
Lime #00FF00
SpringGreen #00FF7F
Aqua #00FFFF
Cyan #00FFFF
MidnightBlue #191970
DodgerBlue #1E90FF
LightSeaGreen #20B2AA
ForestGreen #228B22
SeaGreen #2E8B57
DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F
LimeGreen #32CD32
MediumSeaGreen #3CB371
Turquoise #40E0D0
RoyalBlue #4169E1
SteelBlue #4682B4
DarkSlateBlue #483D8B
MediumTurquoise #48D1CC
Indigo #4B0082
DarkOliveGreen #556B2F
CadetBlue #5F9EA0
CornflowerBlue #6495ED
MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA
DimGray #696969
SlateBlue #6A5ACD
OliveDrab #6B8E23
SlateGray #708090
LightSlateGray #778899
MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE
LawnGreen #7CFC00
Chartreuse #7FFF00
Aquamarine #7FFFD4
Maroon #800000
Purple #800080
Olive #808000
Gray #808080
SkyBlue #87CEEB
LightSkyBlue #87CEFA
BlueViolet #8A2BE2
DarkRed #8B0000
DarkMagenta #8B008B
SaddleBrown #8B4513
DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F
LightGreen #90EE90
MediumPurple #9370D8
DarkViolet #9400D3
PaleGreen #98FB98
DarkOrchid #9932CC
YellowGreen #9ACD32
Sienna #A0522D
Brown #A52A2A
DarkGray #A9A9A9
LightBlue #ADD8E6
GreenYellow #ADFF2F
PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE
LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE
PowderBlue #B0E0E6
FireBrick #B22222
DarkGoldenRod #B8860B
MediumOrchid #BA55D3
RosyBrown #BC8F8F
DarkKhaki #BDB76B
Silver #C0C0C0
MediumVioletRed #C71585
IndianRed #CD5C5C
Peru #CD853F
Chocolate #D2691E
Tan #D2B48C
LightGrey #D3D3D3
PaleVioletRed #D87093
Thistle #D8BFD8
Orchid #DA70D6
GoldenRod #DAA520
Crimson #DC143C
Gainsboro #DCDCDC
Plum #DDA0DD
BurlyWood #DEB887
LightCyan #E0FFFF
Lavender #E6E6FA
DarkSalmon #E9967A
Violet #EE82EE
PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA
LightCoral #F08080
Khaki #F0E68C
AliceBlue #F0F8FF
HoneyDew #F0FFF0
Azure #F0FFFF
SandyBrown #F4A460
Wheat #F5DEB3
Beige #F5F5DC
WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5
MintCream #F5FFFA
GhostWhite #F8F8FF
Salmon #FA8072
AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7
Linen #FAF0E6
LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2
OldLace #FDF5E6
Red #FF0000
Fuchsia #FF00FF
Magenta #FF00FF
DeepPink #FF1493
OrangeRed #FF4500
Tomato #FF6347
HotPink #FF69B4
Coral #FF7F50
Darkorange #FF8C00
LightSalmon #FFA07A
Orange #FFA500
LightPink #FFB6C1
Pink #FFC0CB
Gold #FFD700
PeachPuff #FFDAB9
NavajoWhite #FFDEAD
Moccasin #FFE4B5
Bisque #FFE4C4
MistyRose #FFE4E1
BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD
PapayaWhip #FFEFD5
LavenderBlush #FFF0F5
SeaShell #FFF5EE
Cornsilk #FFF8DC
LemonChiffon #FFFACD
FloralWhite #FFFAF0
Snow #FFFAFA
Yellow #FFFF00
LightYellow #FFFFE0
Ivory #FFFFF0
White #FFFFFF

Note: The names above are not a part of the W3C web standard.

The W3C HTML and CSS standards have listed only 16 valid color names:
aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal,
white, and yellow.

If you want valid HTML or CSS use the HEX values instead.

CSS Color Names

The table below provides a list of the color names that are supported by all major browsers.

Click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with
different text colors:

Link: Same list sorted by values

Color Name Color HEX Color


AliceBlue #F0F8FF
AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7
Aqua #00FFFF
Aquamarine #7FFFD4
Azure #F0FFFF
Beige #F5F5DC
Bisque #FFE4C4
Black #000000
BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD
Blue #0000FF
BlueViolet #8A2BE2
Brown #A52A2A
BurlyWood #DEB887
CadetBlue #5F9EA0
Chartreuse #7FFF00
Chocolate #D2691E
Coral #FF7F50
CornflowerBlue #6495ED
Cornsilk #FFF8DC
Crimson #DC143C
Cyan #00FFFF
DarkBlue #00008B
DarkCyan #008B8B
DarkGoldenRod #B8860B
DarkGray #A9A9A9
DarkGreen #006400
DarkKhaki #BDB76B
DarkMagenta #8B008B
DarkOliveGreen #556B2F
Darkorange #FF8C00
DarkOrchid #9932CC
DarkRed #8B0000
DarkSalmon #E9967A
DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F
DarkSlateBlue #483D8B
DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F
DarkTurquoise #00CED1
DarkViolet #9400D3
DeepPink #FF1493
DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF
DimGray #696969
DodgerBlue #1E90FF
FireBrick #B22222
FloralWhite #FFFAF0
ForestGreen #228B22
Fuchsia #FF00FF
Gainsboro #DCDCDC
GhostWhite #F8F8FF
Gold #FFD700
GoldenRod #DAA520
Gray #808080
Green #008000
GreenYellow #ADFF2F
HoneyDew #F0FFF0
HotPink #FF69B4
IndianRed #CD5C5C
Indigo #4B0082
Ivory #FFFFF0
Khaki #F0E68C
Lavender #E6E6FA
LavenderBlush #FFF0F5
LawnGreen #7CFC00
LemonChiffon #FFFACD
LightBlue #ADD8E6
LightCoral #F08080
LightCyan #E0FFFF
LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2
LightGrey #D3D3D3
LightGreen #90EE90
LightPink #FFB6C1
LightSalmon #FFA07A
LightSeaGreen #20B2AA
LightSkyBlue #87CEFA
LightSlateGray #778899
LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE
LightYellow #FFFFE0
Lime #00FF00
LimeGreen #32CD32
Linen #FAF0E6
Magenta #FF00FF
Maroon #800000
MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA
MediumBlue #0000CD
MediumOrchid #BA55D3
MediumPurple #9370D8
MediumSeaGreen #3CB371
MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE
MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A
MediumTurquoise #48D1CC
MediumVioletRed #C71585
MidnightBlue #191970
MintCream #F5FFFA
MistyRose #FFE4E1
Moccasin #FFE4B5
NavajoWhite #FFDEAD
Navy #000080
OldLace #FDF5E6
Olive #808000
OliveDrab #6B8E23
Orange #FFA500
OrangeRed #FF4500
Orchid #DA70D6
PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA
PaleGreen #98FB98
PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE
PaleVioletRed #D87093
PapayaWhip #FFEFD5
PeachPuff #FFDAB9
Peru #CD853F
Pink #FFC0CB
Plum #DDA0DD
PowderBlue #B0E0E6
Purple #800080
Red #FF0000
RosyBrown #BC8F8F
RoyalBlue #4169E1
SaddleBrown #8B4513
Salmon #FA8072
SandyBrown #F4A460
SeaGreen #2E8B57
SeaShell #FFF5EE
Sienna #A0522D
Silver #C0C0C0
SkyBlue #87CEEB
SlateBlue #6A5ACD
SlateGray #708090
Snow #FFFAFA
SpringGreen #00FF7F
SteelBlue #4682B4
Tan #D2B48C
Teal #008080
Thistle #D8BFD8
Tomato #FF6347
Turquoise #40E0D0
Violet #EE82EE
Wheat #F5DEB3
White #FFFFFF
WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5
Yellow #FFFF00
YellowGreen #9ACD32

Note: The names above are not a part of the W3C web standard.

The W3C HTML and CSS standards have listed only 16 valid color names:
aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal,
white, and yellow.

If you want valid HTML or CSS use the HEX values instead.

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