Aksharica 2012 Feb

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l8eL k/]sf] / lu|gsf8{ lbg] To;} ;"rgfdf elgPsf] dlgc8{/ k7fpg' xf]nf .
eGg] Od]n kfP . tL Od]n em"7f lyof], …k5fl8 “.gov" ePsf dlgc8{/ k};f k7fpg / bz ;Dkfblso
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s] ug{ ;lsG5 < ;d:of x'G5 . x'ls{b}sf gfgLx¿n]
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u¥of] / eGof], …cd]l/sL ljb]z “.gov" afx]s c? h];'s}df oL pbfx/0fx? OG6/g]6,
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Ao"/f]sf tkm{af6 s]xL g]kfnL ug'{ePsf] 5 eg] Tof] cd]l/sL x'g] 7uL x'g\ . o;/L g} c?n] 7"nf] sl7gfO{ x'G5 .
gful/snfO{ k7fOPsf] elgPsf b"tfjf; jf ljb]z dGqfnosf] kmfObf lng ;S5g\ . o:tf c+u|]hLsf] ljz]iftf s] xf] eg]
Od]n;DaGwL sf7df8f}+l:yt cflwsfl/s Od]n x'g ;Sb}g . 7uLaf6 aRg xfdLn] s]xL ;fwf/0f sfd rnfpgsf nflu
cd]l/sL b"tfjf;sf] sG;'n/ s]xL j]a;fO6n] cd]l/sL hfGg / cln xf]lzof/ x'g'k5{ . yf]/} zAb hfg] x'G5 . yf]/} eg]/
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c?n] h] eg] jf n]v] klg s'/f eg] tkfO{+sf] vftfdf ePsf] ;]So'l/6L gDa/, qm]l86 sf8{
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n]v]sf s'/f ;xL x'g\ jf xf]Ogg\ n cfˆgf] Od]nsf] kf;j8{ cfˆgf] 7]ufgf, hGdldlt jf
hfFRg'k5{ . xtfl/P/ lg0f{o ug{ klg c?nfO{ glbg'xf];\ . cGo s'g} JolStut hfgsf/L
x'Fb}g . cfkm"n] ghfg]sf o:tf k':tsfno, ;fOa/ Sofkm] k6Ss} lbg'x'Gg .
ljifodf c?;Fu ;Nnfx lng h:tf ;fj{hlgs :yndf n 6]lnkmf]gdf ljleGg j:t'
;lsG5 . Od]n x]/]kl5 cfˆgf] Od]n– jf ;'ljwfsf] lj1fkg cd]l/sfdf k|To]s !)
;fdfGotM o;sf nflu vftf aGb eP÷gePsf] ug]{x?n] lbSs nufPsf jif{df hgu0fgf ul/G5 .
xfdLn] JolQmut hfgsf/L c? kSsf ug'{xf];\ . 5g\ eg] …g];gn 8' g6 sn kl5Nnf]k6s ;g\ @)!) df
s;}nfO{ lbg'x'Gg . ;f];n n a}+ssf] vftfdf hfg /lhi6«LÚ https://www. hgu0fgf ePsf] lyof] . ca
;]So'l/6L gDa/nufot cGo o:tf ;fj{hlgs :ynsf donotcall.gov/ df uP/ !) jif{kl5 ;g\ @)@)
JolStut hfgsf/L uf]Ko sDKo'6/ rnfpg' x'Gg . a}+s jf ***–#*@–!@@@ df df csf]{ hgu0fgf ul/G5 .
/fVg'k5{ . xfdLn] o:tf pkfox? vftfdf hfg klg kf;j8{ kmf]g u/]/ cfˆgf] kmf]g gDa/ cd]l/sfdf klxnf]k6s ;g\
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n ;f];n ;]So'l/6L sf8{ / vftfsf] kf;j8{ ^–^ n km];a's, u'un–Kn; cflbdf lyof] . To;kl5 k|To]s !)
;f];n ;]So'l/6L gDa/ dlxgfdf km]g'{k5{ . cfˆgf hfgsf/L /fVg] jif{df x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
cgfjZos ?kdf s;}nfO{ n Od]nsf] kf;j8{ /fVbf cIf/, 7fpFdf Od]n, kmf]g, 7]ufgf,
lbg' x'Gg . cfˆgf] gDa/ lrGx / c+s ld;fP/ agfpg'– hGdldlt jf cGo JolQmut
sG7 ug'{k5{. k5{ . c?n] cg'dfg ug{] g/fVg'xf]nf . /fv]sf] eP
a}+sdf vftf vf]n]kl5 kfOg] ;lhnf] kf;j8{ /fVg'x'Gg . To;nfO{ x]g{ gldNg] agfpg
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gDa/ -JolStut klxrfg x'G5g\ . tkfO{+n] lrGb} s]xL :kfd aGg] ePsfn]
gDa/_ lbOG5 . cfˆgf] lkg glrg]sf dfG5], ;+:yf jf efO/; ;kmf ug]{ pkfoaf/]
-gDa/_ s;}nfO{ geGg'– sDkgLn] k7fPsf Od]n– hfGg]–a'‰g];Fu ;Nnfx lng
xf];\ . cf©"n] /fVg] jf nfO{ …:kfdÚ d]n elgG5 . ;lsG5 .
af]Sg] s'g} sfuhdf o:tf …:kfdÚ d]n d]6\g'k5{ . n oL ljifonufot cGo ;fdfg,
cfˆgf] lkg gDa/ slxNo} Od]n jf Od]ndf k7fOPsf ;]jf, ;'ljwfaf/] hfGg'k/] of]
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z/0ffyL{ k'g:yf{kgf ub}{ cfPsf #), $), %) cflb x'g;S5 .
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yfn]sf] 5 . o'P; kf]:6n ;le{; á ;g\ @)!)– !@ xhf/ #^# x;\lk;\ (Hospice) c+u|]hL
(US Postal Service; USPS) n] 5 . o;af/] glhs}sf] x'nfs– á ;g\ @)!!– !$ xhf/ ((( zAb xf] . cd]l/sfdf
of] z'Ns hgj/L @@ df nfu" sfof{nodf a'‰g ;lsG5 . cd]l/sL cfly{s jif{ w]/}h;f] dflg;sf] d[To'
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/flvPsf / d"No–gn]lvPsf cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{lkt e"6fgL #) df ;lsG5 . x'G5, hxf“ 8fS6/ / g;{
(Forever) x'nfs–l6s6df s]xL z/0ffyL{sf] ;+Vof %) xhf/ ;g\ @)!! cS6f]a/– x'G5g\ . af“Rg] ;do yf]/}
yKg'kb}{g . k'u]sf] 5 . hgj/L #) df pSt l8;]Da/ / @)!@ hgj/Ldf ePsf] jf clGtd cj:yfdf
cGo ;fdfg k7fpg nfUg] ;+Vof k'u]sf] xf] . dlxgfsf] sl/a Ps xhf/sf k'u]sf] hf]sf]xL JolStnfO{
d"Nodf klg kl/jt{g ul/Psf] ;g\ @))* z'?b]lv e"6fgL b/ oxfF cfpg'ePsf] 5 . c:ktfn jf x;\lk;\ xf]ddf
/flvG5 . of] k|yf o'/f]kdf
cd]l/sfsf %) /fHodWo] $* /fHon] Ps–csf{ /fHonfO{ z'? ePsf] / kl5 cd]l/sf
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cd]l/sfdf sfg'gL ?kdf a:g] ;a} xft w'g klg l;sfO/xg' k5{ / < ;a}nfO{ n r'/f]6 vfg'cl3 .
dflg; -gful/s, lu|gsf8{ k|fKt JolSt bfFt dfem\g'cl3 .
o:t} nfU5 . jf:tjdf l;sfpg'kg]{ s'/f
/ sfd ug{ clwsf/ kfPsf] JolSt_ sf]
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;f];n ;]So'l/6L gDa/ (Social Secu- t xf]Og . t/ xft gw'Fbf jf xft ;kmf n ladf/LnfO{ d2t ug'{ cl3 .
rity Number) n]lvPsf] ;f];n ;]So'l/6L gx'Fbf x'g] ;d:ofx?k|lt xfdLn] Wofg lbg s] u/]kl5 xft w'g] <
sf8{ (Social Security Card) x'G5 . of] cfjZos 5 . n afy?d uPkl5 .
sf8{ 7"nf–;fgf ;a}sf] x'G5 . vf]hsf] kl/0ffdn] s] eG5 < n aRrfnfO{ GjfP jf 8fOk/ km]/]kl5 .
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cd]l/sg hg{n ckm OGkm]S;g sG6«f]n kmf]xf]/ yfGsf] nfPkl5 .
Ps JolStsf] ;f];n ;]So'l/6L gDa/ (American Journal of Infection Control)
n

csf]{ s'g} JolSt;Fu ldNb}g . n 3/aflx/ sfd u/] jf v]n]kl5 .


n nn
n] ut cu:tdf Pp6f vf]hsf] kl/0ffd n w]/} dflg;sf] xft kg]{ 9f]sfsf] xft],
;f];n ;]So'l/6L gDa/ tkfO{+sf] k|sflzt u/]sf] lyof] . /]lnª cflb 5f]Pkl5 .
hLjge/ sfd nfUg] gDa/ xf] . pSt vf]hn] eg]sf] 5– ;g\ @))& n l;Fufg k'5]kl5 jf xf5\o' u/]kl5 .
n nn
sf tLg dlxgf 8]gdfs{sf :s"n]gfgL– xft s;/L ;kmf x'g;S5 <
;f];n ;]So'l/6L sf8{df ;f];n nfO{ lbgsf] tLgk6s Oyfgf]n ldl;Psf]
;]So'l/6L gDa/, JolQmsf] gfd / sf8{ n tftf]kfgLn] xft lehfpg'xf];\ .
xft ;kmf /fVg] 3f]n k|of]u ug{ nufOof] k'Ubf] ;fa'g nufpg'xf];\ .
hf/L ul/Psf] ldlt n]lvPsf] x'G5 . n

n nn / /fd|/L xft w'g l;sfOof] . ;/;kmfO n ;fa'g;lxt xft @) ;]s]G8 ldRg'xf];\ .


;f];n ;]So'l/6L gDa/ hflu/ kfpg, l;sfOPsf :s"nsf eGbf gl;sfOPsf n xft /fd|/L kvfNg'xf];\ .
a}+sdf vftf vf]Ng, ckf6{d]G6 :s"nsf @^ k|ltzt a9L ljBfyL{ ladf/ n k]k/ 6fjnn] xft ;'Vvf kfg'{xf];\ .
ef8fdf lng / c? w]/} k6s rflxG5 . ePsfn] :s"n gcfPsf] kfOof] . o:tf w]/} n wf/f] aGb ug{ / 9f]sf vf]Ng k]k/ 6fjn
of] gDa/ :jf:Yonufot c? w]/} kl/0ffdx? cfPsf lyP, h;sf] cy{ xft (Paper Towel) k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .
;/sf/L ;]jf–;'ljwfx¿ kfpg el/g] gw'Fbf xfdL ;lhn} ladf/ x'g;S5f}+ .
kmf/ddf n]Vg' k5{ . xft :jR5 /fVg] 3f]n klg k|of]u u/]/
s] ug'{cl3 xft w'g] < xft ;kmf /flvG5 . Oyfgf]n (Ethanol)
n nn
n vfgf ksfpg'cl3 . ld;fOPsf] o:tf] 3f]nnfO{ :oflg6fOh/
;f];n ;]So'l/6L sf8{ x/fpg' x'Gg .
vfg' jf lkpg' jf vfgf 5'g'cl3 . (Hand Sanitizer) elgG5 .
cfˆgf] / kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:osf] sf8{ n

;'/lIft 7fpFdf /fVg] ug'{k5{ .


n nn

of] sf8{ jf gDa/ cgfjZos ?kdf


s;}nfO{ glbg'xf];\ . glrg]sf] dflg;n]
;dosf] Vofn
of] gDa/ dfu] glbg'xf];\ . cfˆgf] ;dosf] Vofn ug'{, a]nfdf k'Ug' eg]/ sxfF l9nf] k'Ug'eof] eg] 8fS6/n] tkfO{+nfO{
gDa/ sG7 ug'{xf];\ . of] sf8{ af]s]/ xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf 7"nf–a8fn] w]/} k6s ghfFRg ;Sg'x'G5 . ghfFr] klg 8fS6/sf]
glxF8\g'xf];\ . l;sfPs} xf] . cd]l/sfdf eg] ;dosf] z'Ns -lkm_ rflxF ltg'{kg]{ x'g;S5 . To:t}
n nn

of] sf8{ ;/sf/sf] Ps lgsfo ‘;f];n Vofn gubf{ lgs} cK7\of/f cfOk5{g\ . pxfF;Fu csf{]k6s hfFRgsf nflu ;do
;]So'l/6L P8\ldlg:6«];g’ gfds hflu/sf nflu s;}nfO{ e]6\g' 5 eg] ldnfpg lgs} ufx|f] klg x'G5 .
sfof{non] hf/L u5{ . jf hflu/ vfg yfNg'eof] eg] hlxn] cGtjf{tf{df klg ;doeGbf %–!)
n nn
klg l7s ;dodf k'Ug cfjZos x'G5 . ldg]6cl3 g} k'Ug' /fd|f] x'G5 .
;f];n ;]So'l/6L sf8{ ;g\ !(#% ca]nf ug'{ /fd|f] dflgFb}g . sfddf l9nf] cfkm"n] eGbf ldNg] 7fpFdf eP tkfO{+
gf]e]Da/b]lv lbg yflnPsf] xf] . k'Ug'eof] eg] xflsd l/;fpF5g\ / o;n] tf]s]sf] ;doeGbf !) ldg]6} l9nf] x'g]
n nn

of] sf8{nfO{ n]ldg]6 gug{ pQm ubf{ tkfO{+sf] hflu/} klg hfg;S5 . x'g'eof] eg] ©f]g u/]/ cf©" l9nf] x'g]
sfof{non] cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . :jf:Yo k/LIf0fsf nflu tkfO{+ 8fS6/ atfpg' k5{ / Ifdf dfUg' k5{ .
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c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f a/an M Pp6f, Ps, k|To]s, s'g}, sf]xL .
a bit M Ps v08, Ps dfqf, Ps 6'qmf .
k|mfG;;“u lsg]sf] If]q
af]nrfn ug{ gful/s k/LIff (Civic Test_l;les 6]:6)
a couple M gfd eP M Ps hf]8f jf hf]8L, Ps hf]/, hf]8f= b'O{,
sl/a #÷$ xhf/ df cd]l/sfn] lsg]sf] e"ldx?af/]sf] Ps
zAb hfg] em08} o'Ud, o'Uds bDklt, hf]O{kf]O, nf]Ug]:jf:gL, o'un .
a few M yf]/}, cNk, sltko, kl/ldt, yf]/}h;f], yf]/ax't, Psfw . k|Zg–pQ/ M
k'U5 . != cd]l/sfn] ;g\ !*)# df k|mfG;af6 lsg]sf]
a little M cNk, If'b|, n3', clnslt, tb\lj;]s, cln–cln, ;fgf]ltgf],
To;}n] xfdLn] If]qsf] gfd s] xf] < (What territory did
xfd|f] Jojxf/ ;fg", n]z, 36L, sdtf, Go"g, lsl~rt\ lr§ k/]sf], yf]/} .
a.m. M k"jf{Gx -/ftL !@ ah]b]lv lbpF;f]sf] !@ ah];Dd_ . the United States buy from France in
rNgsf nflu
abandon M cfkmfNg', ˆofFSg', ldNsfpg', TofUg', 5f8\g', kl/Tofu ug'{, 1803?)
rflxg] tL zAbx¿
vf]Hof}+ . w]/}k6s xft lemSg', kmfNg'Ù a]kafx 5f8\g', a]jf:tf ug'{ . – à n'lhofgf If]q
able M ;Ifd, ;fdy{, ;fdly{nf], of]Uo, sfljn, lgk'0f, rt'/, ;Sg], (The Louisiana Territory) .
w]/} efiff–
;]jsn] tof/ ;St . à n'lhofgf (Louisiana) .
ability M Nofst, v"kL -v"aL_, nfosL, of]Uotf, s'zntf, k|jL0ftf, -k|Zg ;f]w]sf] a]nf oL @ pQ/dWo]
kf/]sf ;"rLx¿
e]nf kf¥of}+ . a'l4 . s'g} Ps eg] x'G5._
aboard M hxfhdf, ;jf/Ldf . -ldl;l;kL gbLsf] klZrddf
tL ;a} ;"rLsf
about M af/], hlt, hlQ, em08}, cfF6]sf], kv, lt/, nueu, afkt, kg]{ n'lhofgf If]q lgs} 7"nf] 5 . of]
;femf #÷$ xhf/
zAbx¿af6 xfdLn] cGbfhL, cGbfhg, sl/a . *@*,))) ju{ dfOn If]qdf km}lnPsf]
abroad M aflx/km]/f, ljb]zdf, k/b]zdf . 5 . ;g\ !*)# df of] If]q cd]l/sfn]
zAbx¿ 5fGof}+ .
absence M cg'kl:ylt, u}/xflh/L, cefjÙ u}n -uon_, cg'kl:yt,
csf]{ ;"rL tof/ k|mfG;;Fu ! s/f]8 %) nfv 8n/df
eof] . clg a]?h' a]xf]zL, gfd]6, ck|:t'tÙ lj;'l4sf], z"GolrQ, a]xf]zL, c;'4L, lsg]sf] xf] . cd]l/sfn] n'lhofgf
xfdLn] tof/ x':;", xf];of{ª, la;{g] ;'4Lsf], la;fxf, lj;/fxf, e'nSs8, lsg]sf] @ ;o ( jif{ ePsf] 5 .
kf/]sf] ;"rLsf 6f]nfPsf] .
n'lhofgf vl/b ;Demf}tf ;g\ !*)#
absolute M k/d, lg/k]If, lgtfGt, s]jn, z'4, clgolGqt, k"0f{ cgGo
tL zAbx¿ / tL clk|n #) tfl/vdf ePsf] lyof] . pQm
zAbsf] g]kfnLdf ;+a4Ù lgtfGt, Hofb}, lans'n, Psbd, 7Ls, x/f]x/, v;f]–vf; .
;Demf}tf k|mfG;sf] k]l/;df ePsf] lyof] .
absorb M ;f]:g', lng', ldnfpg', ;dfj]z ug{' .
cy{ lbg yfn]sf cd]l/sL Oltxf;df of] ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
abuse M b'Joj{xf/Ù ufnLunf}h, b'?kof]u, ufnL–uf]ktf, lgGbf, ufnL,
5f}+ . d'v 5f]8\g', b'j{rg, tyfgfd, ufnL ug{', emkfg{', xsf{pg', 5f/i6 If]qkmn lslgPsf] jf cfˆgf] If]qdf
ug'{ . hf]l8Psf] 36gf oxL xf] . of] e"ld
efu ! academic M zf:qLo, ljBfno jf lzIff;DaGwL . -qmdzM_ lsg]kl5 ls;fgx?n] cfˆgf pTkfbg
ldl;l;kL gbLsf dfWodn] cf];f/k;f/
ug{ kfPsf lyP . lsgeg] To;a]nf Go'
lbj; ©]a|'c/Lsf] t];|f] ;f]daf/ k5{ . o; jif{ cln{oG;df aGb/ufx lyof], h'g 7fpFnfO{
/fi6«klt lbj; km]a|'c/L @) -;g\ @)!@_ df k/]sf] 5 . 8'+ufdf ;fdfg r9fpg] / ptfg]{ :ynsf
/fi6«klt af/fs cf]afdfnfO{ $$ cf}+ ?kdf k|of]u ul/GYof] . n'lhofgf vl/b
jif{sf] bf];|f] dlxgf /fi6«klt x'g'x'G5 . pxfFcl3 $@ hgf
whitehouse.gov

u/]kl5 To;a]nf cd]l/sfsf] If]qkmn


km]a|'c/L (February) df /fi6«klt eO;Sg'ePsf] 5 . -u|f]e/ bf]Aa/ eof] .
;a} k"j{–/fi6«kltnfO{ lSneNofG8 @@ cf}+ / @$ cf}+ /fi6«klt To;kl5 cd]l/sfn] ?;;Fu cnf:sf
;Demg] ul/G5 . of] ePsfn] JolQm rflxF $@ hgf k'u]sf] xf] . If]q / d]lS;sf];Fu s]xL lsGof] .
;DemgfnfO{ /fi6«klt lbj; (Presidents’ Ps} b'O{k6s kfnf] la/fP/ /fi6«klt ePsfn] d]lS;sf];Fu lsg]sf] e"ld clxn]sf] Go'
Day) sf ?kdf dgfOG5 . pxfFnfO{ Ps JolQm dfq ulgPsf] xf] ._ d]lS;sf] /fHodf 5 . cd]l/sfn] o'4df
/fi6«klt lbj; s;/L dgfpg yflnof] < g]kfnL rf8–kj{ :k]gaf6 c? e"ld lhTof] . o;/L
of] lbj;sf] ;'?jft cd]l/sfsf k|yd á :j:yfgL j|t ;dflKt M km]a|'c/L & -df3
cd]l/sfsf] If]q©n a9\b} uof] ._
/fi6«klt hh{ jfl;+u6g (George Wash- @$_ k"l0f{dfdf :j:yfgL j|t ;dfKt x'G5 .
ington) sf] hGdlbg dgfpgsf nflu á dxflzj/fqL M km]a|'c/L @) -kmfu'g *_ df k[i7 @ sf] pQ/
yflnPsf] lyof] . clxn] of] lbg ljutsf dxflzj/fqL k/]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf $* /fHo;“u ;Ldf
;a} /fi6«kltsf] of]ubfgnfO{ ;+:d/0f á £ofNjf] Nxf];f/ M km]a|'c/L @@ -kmfu'g !)_ ghf]l8Psf cnu b'O{ /fHo M cnf:sf
ul/G5 . of] lbg ;+3Lo labfsf] lbg xf] . of] z]kf{ hfltsf] gofF jif{ ;'? x'g] lbg xf] . ( Alaska) / xjfO{ (Hawaii) x'g\ .

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Website : www. aksharica.com, Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya

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