Spread Footing Design

Digital Canal Corporation

Spread Footing Design ii

Digital Canal Corporation™ and the Digital Canal Corporation logo are trademarks of Digital Canal Corporation.

Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

All other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Digital Canal Corporation wishes to thank the following people for their efforts in the development of Spread
Footing Design:

Clint Auderer Dan Horn

Copyright © 2010 by Digital Canal Corporation. All rights reserved.

Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part
of the vendor. The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used or
copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

Digital Canal Corporation has carefully prepared this program, including research, development and testing to
ascertain its effectiveness and accuracy. However, no warranty of any kind is made with respect to this program or
its related material except as may be expressly stated in the licensing agreement or other contractual document. In
no event is Digital Canal Corporation to be liable for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or
arising out of, the furnishing, performance or use of this program.

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Contents

SPREAD FOOTING DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................... I

GETTING STARTED ................................................................................................................................................. 1
Authorization .......................................................................................................................................................1
Technical Support .................................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
SOLUTION PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................................................................4
NOTES .........................................................................................................................................................................5
INPUT PALLETS ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
FILE PALLET ..................................................................................................................................................................7
GEOMETRY PALLET.........................................................................................................................................................8
Footing Geometry ................................................................................................................................................9
Soil Properties ....................................................................................................................................................10
LOADS PALLET .............................................................................................................................................................11
Column Loads .....................................................................................................................................................12
Surcharge Loads .................................................................................................................................................14
Load Combinations.............................................................................................................................................15
DESIGN PALLET............................................................................................................................................................16
Material Properties ............................................................................................................................................17
Safety Factors .....................................................................................................................................................18
Dimension Limits ................................................................................................................................................19
Solve ...................................................................................................................................................................20

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Getting Started
Authorization
An Unlock Code is a numeric string that authorizes Digital Canal product(s) to be run on your computer. It is a
unique number that corresponds to the Serial Number, which is unique to your computer. To authorize, or unlock,
your Digital Canal software, follow the steps below.

After launching a Digital Canal program, you will be prompted to authorize your copy of the software.

If you answer “No”, you will have a 5-day grace period in which you can authorize your software. If you answer
“Yes”, the License dialog box will be displayed.

Press the Request Authorization button to launch the Request Authorization dialog box.
Spread Footing Design 2

Fill in your company’s information. It is very important that you give complete information so that we can return
your unlock code to you with no delays.

To send us your request, use one of the following methods:

• Send button: when you press the Send button, your request is automatically sent to us via the internet.
• Print button: print the form and fax it to 563-690-2003
• Save As button: save the request form to a file and email it to [email protected].

When you receive your unlock code from Digital Canal, type it in the Unlock Code edit field on the License dialog
box (below).

Press the Unlock button to complete the process.

Authorization Codes FAQ’s

Do I have to wait for an Unlock Code before I can run my Digital Canal Software?
o No. However, the program will be unable to print during the 5-day grace. We recommend that
you request the unlock code as soon as possible. We will make every effort to ensure that you
receive your software authorization keys in a timely manner, usually the same day.

What happens if I don't contact Digital Canal to get my Unlock Code?

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o The software will no longer operate 5 days after installation. Re-installing the software does not
restart the grace period.

Do I have to obtain authorization codes for each machine running Digital Canal software?
o Yes. Unlock codes are machine specific and licenses are sold on a per-machine basis.

What if I need to re-install my system?
o As long as you re-install on the same hard drive on the same machine, your Unlock Code should
work. A new hard drive or CPU will generate a different Serial Number, and your original Unlock
Codes will not be recognized.

Technical Support
At times, you may require help solving a problem. If you do, Digital Canal is available to help you. Before calling, we
ask that you consult the program’s documentation to see if it has the answer to your question.

Technical Support is offered to you free of charge for 60 days after the date of purchase of the module. Support
contracts are available at an additional charge through your Account Executive, or Digital Canal will bill you directly
for the support time incurred.

If you need assistance:

Call: (800) 449-5033

(563) 690-2000 (outside the United States)
8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. Central time, Monday - Thursday
8:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. Central time, Friday

Email: [email protected]

Fax: (563) 690-2003

To make the support process more efficient, you will be asked to provide us with your company information so
that we can assign you a Case ID. Since you will probably be asked to provide information from your computer, we
recommend that you call from a telephone that is near your computer. Also, be sure to have the following
information ready for the Support Engineer:

• Software product and version

• Operating system (Windows XP, Windows Vista, etc.)
• Background information about your question or problem

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Introduction
Spread Footing Design will design or check an isolated column footing for size and reinforcement requirements.
Design loads include vertical compressive and tensile column loads, downward surcharges, moments about both
axes (biaxial bending) and horizontal forces. Design calculations are made in accordance with ACI 318-2008.

Spread Footing Design is not intended to replace the presence of a qualified structural engineer. Instead, the
software augments the capabilities of qualified professionals. A solid working knowledge of the principles of
structural engineering is expected of the operator.

Solution Procedure
Soil pressures and working loads are used to size the footing or check an existing one for overturning, sliding and
uplift. Two values of allowable soil pressure can be specified. One is used to check against the average pressure on
the footing, while the other will check the absolute maximum soil pressure. In areas where code officials make no
differentiation between allowable soil pressures, the same value can be used for both inputs.

For a footing with uniaxial bending, the program will allow for part of the footing to be in an uplift situation (the
resultant force falling outside of the “Kern limit”). When this situation is encountered the standard pressure
formula of:

ܲ 6‫ܯ‬
‫=݌‬ +
‫ܪܤ ܪܤ‬ଶ
Is modified to:

4ܲ
‫=݌‬
3‫ܤ‬ሺ‫ ܪ‬− 2݁ሻ

Where “e” is the eccentricity:

݁ = ‫ܯ‬ൗܲ

Footings with biaxial bending will be sized so that no negative pressures exist due to bending.

The program uses the concept of “gross” and “net” pressure. First the total gross pressure is calculated using the
applied loads, total surcharge, overburden and weight of the footing. The net pressure is then calculated as the
gross pressure minus the overburden pressure and the differential weight of the footing and displaced soil. Thus
only the “added” contribution of the weight of the footing above that of the soil that it displaces is included in the
“net” pressure. The net pressure is then compared to the allowable pressures. While some engineers design
footings using gross pressure, the most widely accepted procedure is to design footings only for loads that occur in
addition to the “in situ” forces already on the soil (“net”).

To resist direct uplift, the program utilizes the surcharge, overburden, weight of the footing & soil and shear
strength (if any) in a failure zone surface that extends perpendicularly above the footing. The program
conservatively neglects any contribution due to a sloped failure surface. The procedure is similar to that of Bowles.

Horizontal loads are resisted by a combination of friction along the bottom surface of the footing and passive
pressure on the footing face. If this is not sufficient, the program will size a “key” along the entire width of the
footing on which additional passive pressure will act to resist the excess applied loads.

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By default, Spread Footing Design uses load combinations per ACI 318-2008, but the user may add, delete or
modify these. When computing soil pressures, the program does not reduce the transient loads such as wind loads
as was commonplace in older building codes. If the user would like to reduce these loads then they can enter the
load with the reduction factor and then increase the load factor (for concrete design) accordingly.

The design computations and code checks of the concrete are based on various sections of ACI Standard 318-2008.
The two-way shear stresses are determined in a manner similar to the procedure used for flat plate floors, which
allows for 2,3 or 4-sided resisting areas that may result from the column location being close to the edge of the
footing. All concrete design is based on ultimate strength design (USD). Spread Footing Design will determine a
minimum amount of reinforcement to resist shrinkage and temperature forces but does not require a minimum
amount of flexural reinforcement.

Notes
• Maximum Reinforcement: The maximum reinforcement ratio (ACI 10.3.5) is not checked for the top steel
(negative moments). In the vast majority of cases, negative moments in the footing will require less steel
than the positive moments (bottom steel), which is designed using this constraint. In the case of vertical
uplift, the footing will generally become so large that the minimum steel requirement is more likely to
govern. Although a footing with uplift and large surcharge loads might be able to produce a large enough
moment to cause a problem, this is quite rare.
• Biaxial Soil Pressures: Since the soil pressure distribution for footings with uplift due to biaxial loads is not
readily available and the pressure distribution under the footing is used to compute design shears
(ultimate loads), the program sizes the footing so that biaxial corner pressures are greater than or equal
to zero for both service and ultimate conditions.
• Column Bearing: Spread Footing Design checks the bearing capacity of the concrete under the column. If
a baseplate is present, the program simply checks the bearing stress on the footing concrete. If no
baseplate is specified, the column is considered to be made of concrete. In this case, a required area of
dowel steel is given when the concrete bearing capacity is inadequate to transfer the column load.
• Column Bearing: When both column and baseplate dimensions are specified, Spread Footing Design uses
the average of the baseplate and column dimensions for the loaded area. The issue is not well addressed
by the code; our general impression is that the full area defined by the base plate is appropriate.
However, our research indicated that some texts use the area defined by a perimeter drawn trough the
bolt holes in the plate. For the sake of simplicity, the usage of the average of the plate and column
dimensions is a reasonable approximation.
• Column Bearing: When computing the bearing capacity of the column - footing interface, the program
assumes that at least the minimum column reinforcing steel (0.5%) is present. When required, the
computed dowel steel is adjusted accordingly.
• Column Bearing: Provisions of ACI 10.14 are applied to the bearing capacity. Note that a column offset
can affect the column bearing capacity!

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Input Pallets
Spread Footing Design represents a new direction in software technology. It utilizes Microsoft’s Windows
Presentation Foundation (WPF) technology, which is described in the following quote taken from Microsoft’s
website:

“Windows Presentation Foundation is a powerful addition to the application developer or designer's toolbox.
As the strategic presentation foundation for future releases of Windows, it provides a model which takes full
advantage of the underlying graphical hardware and offers support for everything from standalone
applications to Web browser-based applications to documents.”

In other words, WPF is the future of Windows. In fact, Windows Vista was built using WPF technology. If you have
used Windows Vista, you will have undoubtedly noticed that it is has much higher quality graphics, improved
ergonomics and is much more stable and secure than any previous versions of Windows.

What does WPF mean to your Digital Canal Software?

1. WPF technology enabled us to replace traditional menus and toolbars with more ergonomic controls.
Similar to Microsoft’s Office Ribbon, Digital Canal’s Input Pallets are specifically designed to guide you
through the operation of the program as well as make all of the program’s functionality readily available.
2. WPF applications utilize very high quality graphics, which can fully utilize the capabilities of modern
graphics cards. Programs not utilizing these technologies will look quite coarse and blurry in comparison.
3. Integration of Microsoft’s DirectX technology. DirectX is a graphics programming language, similar to
OpenGL, which is used to build very high quality graphic software. Most video games and many CAD
applications are built with DirectX.
4. Portability. WPF applications are very modular in nature; this will allow us to integrate programs in ways
we never have before.

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File Pallet

The File pallet found in Spread Footing Design contains commands typically found in all Windows applications.
These commands are briefly described in the table below:

Icon Command Description

New Starts a new file by loading default values.

Open File Opens an existing input file.

Save Save the current data using the current file name.

Save As… Save the current data with a new file name.

Close Close the program.

Units Set the system of units for both inputs and outputs.

Set Defaults Copies the current value of all the inputs and saves them
to a file that is loaded (as default inputs) each time the
program is loaded or a new problem started.
Job Input information about the job to be printed in the
Information report.
Help Open the manual.

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Geometry Pallet

The Geometry Pallet is used to input the footing geometry and soil properties, these inputs are described in the
following pages:

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Footing Geometry

Field Description
Column Dimensions The Column Dimensions are the section dimensions of the column or pedestal that rests
on the footing. If the Z dimension is left blank, the column is assumed to be round with a
diameter equal to the X dimension. Column Dimensions are used to determine the critical
design section in the footing.
Column Offsets Column Offsets specify the distance between the centroid of the column and the centroid
of the footing. By default, the centroids are assumed to coincide—the default offset
distances are zero.
Steel Offsets The distance to the bottom steel and top steel (if any) measured from the respective
footing face to the centroid of the steel.
Footing Dimensions The Footing Dimensions are the plan dimensions of the footing parallel to the X and Z-
axes. If both dimensions are entered, the program will operate in “check mode” and
check the footing using these dimensions. If either dimension is left blank, the program
will determine it. If both dimensions are left blank the program will design a square
footing.
Base Plate The Base Plate Dimensions are the plan dimensions of the base plate parallel to the X and
Dimensions Z-axes. If either value is left blank, it is assumed that there is no base plate. Like the
Column Dimensions, the Base Plate Dimensions are used to determine the critical design
sections in the footing.
Minimum Thickness The minimum depth of the footing; if the program is run in “design mode” the program
will increment this value to find the required thickness. If the program is run in “check
mode” (i.e. both footing dimensions are specified) the program will not change the
thickness and warns if the thickness is inadequate.
Allowable Soil Allowable soil pressure is entered as two values. The Vertical value is the average
Pressure pressure permitted under the footing, and is computed as the average of the pressures at
the four corners. The Flexural value is the absolute maximum soil pressure permitted
under the footing, taken as the largest of the corner pressures.

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Soil Properties

Field Description
Friction The coefficient of friction between the footing and the soil below it. Friction is used to
compute the footing’s sliding resistance.
Density Density is the soil density for the soil in the vicinity of the footing. The density is primarily
used to compute the weight of the soil above the top of the footing and to determine the
in situ pressure at the bottom of the footing.
Cohesion Cohesion is the shear strength of the soil attributed to its “stickiness”; generally
characteristic of clay type soils. Values have units of force per unit area.
Phi Angle Phi Angle is the value of the angle of internal friction for the soil below the footing. The
angle of internal friction is used with the Cohesion to determine the shear strength of the
soil.
Footing Depth Footing Depth is the distance from the bottom of the footing to the soil surface.

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Loads Pallet

Spread Footing Design designs/checks footings subject to column loads (moment, shears and axial forces) as well
as surcharges (area loads) on the footing. The Loads Pallet is used to input the loads and define load combinations.
These commands are described in the following pages.

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Column Loads

Column loads are unfactored working loads imposed on the footing from the column. These values will generally
be the opposite (multiplied by negative one) of the reactions given in a frame analysis. It is important to realize
that the loads are unfactored, so reactions from analyses should be taken from the load case results, not those
from load combinations.

Spread Footing Design can design footings to accommodate groups of columns. The resulting design will be for a
spread footing that will be suitable for all of the inputted columns. The Load Manager (below) is used to enter the
unfactored loads for up to 10 columns.

Field Description

New The New button launches the Loads Input dialog box (below), which is used to enter axial
forces, biaxial moments and horizontal forces acting on the footing.

Edit The Edit button launches the Loads Input dialog box (below), which is used to view and
edit values previously input.

Copy The Copy button launches the Copy Load dialog box, which is used to copy a column load.
The program will prompt for a new ID & Description.

Delete The Delete button is used to permanently remove column loads from the project.

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Loads Input

Field Description

ID An index number used to identify the column loading.

Description An alpha-numeric string used to identify the column loading.

Dead, Live, Wind, Working loads (axial force and moments) for each of the respective load cases. Values are
Earthquake, Roof assumed to occur at the column center. Loads are input at the bottom of the footing –
the diagram below is meant to illustrate the sign convention only.

Notes:
• Roof loads include roof live loads, rain loads and snow loads.
• Note the sign convention; axial column forces are negative downward.

Horiz. Load The total working horizontal or shearing force at the base of the column. The input value
should include the sum of dead, live, wind, earthquake, roof and any other loads.
Horizontal loads are used for stability (sliding) checks. Horizontal loads act at the bottom
of the footing.

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Surcharge Loads

Surcharge loads are uniform area loads placed over the footing. Surcharge loads of different magnitudes can be
placed on each of the four footing quadrants defined from the column center (not the footing center!). Surcharge
loads are treated like dead loads and factored accordingly. Positive surcharge loads act downward as illustrated
below; only positive values can be entered.

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Load Combinations

Field Description

New The New button launches the New Combination dialog box, which is used to create a new
load combination and define the load factors for each of the available load cases (dead,
live, wind, earthquake and roof).

Edit The Edit button launches the Edit Combination dialog box, which is used to view or change
load factors of a selected combination.

Copy The Copy button copies the selected load combination and adds it to the end of the list.

Remove The Remove button permanently removes the selected load combination from the list.

ACI 2008 The ACI 2008 button clears the load combination list and restores it with the combinations
listed in the ACI 318-2008.

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Design Pallet

The Design Pallet is used to define material properties, safety factors, dimension limits and to perform the design.
These commands are described in the following pages.

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Material Properties

Field Description
Steel Yield (fy) The yield stress of the reinforcement.
Concrete Strength (f’c) The compressive strength of the footing concrete.
Concrete Density The weight density of the footing concrete. If a value of less than 115 pcf is input, Spread
Footing Design considers the concrete lightweight. Lightweight concrete has reduced
strength and increased development length requirements.
Column (f’c) The compressive strength of the column concrete. The Column f’c is used to check the
bearing stresses at the column-footing interface.

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Safety Factors

Field Description
Uplift Ratio of uplift resistance to uplift forces. Uplift resistance is generally provided by footing
weight, soil weight and shear strength of the soil.
Overturning Ratio of overturning resistance to overturning forces. Overturning resistance is generally
provided by footing & soil weight and the lever arm created by the footing dimensions.
Sliding Ratio of sliding resistance to sliding forces. Sliding resistance is generally provided by
friction, cohesion and passive soil pressure. Sliding resistance can be increased with a
footing key.

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Dimension Limits

Field Description
Length Increments Length Increments define the change in dimensions (footing length, thickness and key
depth) used by the program to step toward the best solution. Length Increments should
be small enough to give economical designs but large enough to make construction
practical. The default values were chosen to balance these.
Footing Dimension The Footing Dimension Limits are used to constrain the footing size.
Limits
Minimum and maximum dimensions are input to prevent the program from outputting
designs that are not feasible because of space limitations, construction practices or
economics. The program defaults to values that will result in appropriate designs in most
cases.

As there are an infinite number of combinations of dimensions and steel areas that will
satisfy given design criteria, it is necessary to establish some additional constraints on the
footing. Spread Footing Design uses the ratio of the length of the footing side(s) to
thickness for this (Minimum and Maximum Ratios). Like the Minimum and Maximum
dimensions described above, the program defaults to values that generally result in
appropriate designs.

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Solve

The Solve command initiates the solution process. Once complete, the program will generate a report and launch
it in the program assigned by Windows to the RTF extension (generally Microsoft Word).

Notes:
• “RTF extension” refers to a file that is in Rich Text Format. Rich Text Format is an open format that allows
formatted text and graphics to be exchanged between word processors. The format was developed by
Microsoft and is recognized by their word processing applications such Word, Word Viewer and WordPad.
By default Windows will associate WordPad with RTF files and use it to open them. If Word or Word
Viewer is installed then one of these programs will be assigned.
• WordPad is generally not the best RTF application. During the program install you will be advised to install
Microsoft Word Viewer. If you do not have Microsoft Word on your computer we recommend that you
install Word Viewer. You can download Word Viewer from Microsoft’s website
(http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?Familyid=95e24c87-8732-48d5-8689-
ab826e7b8fdf&DisplayLang=en).

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License Agreement

DIGITAL CANAL CORPORATION LICENSE AGREEMENT:

THE FOLLOWING CONSTITUTES THE COMPLETE AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU AND DIGITAL CANAL AND SETS FORTH
THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES. READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY
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each such software for backup purposes, provided that such copy contains all of the
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thereof to third parties and promise to exert your best efforts to prevent others including, but not limited
to, your employees, agents or representatives from disclosing such trade secrets to third parties or the
public. The strictures of this Paragraph 6 shall survive expiration, termination, or cancellation of this
Agreement. Upon termination, cancellation, or expiration of this Agreement, you shall immediately return
the software, and documentation, and all copies of either to Digital Canal.

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9. US Government Restricted Rights. The software and documentation are provided with RESTRICTED
RIGHTS. Use, duplication or disclosure by the US Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in
subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of The Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-
7013 or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of the Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights at 48 CFR
52.227-19, as applicable.
10. Export Restrictions. You may not export or re-export the software or any underlying information or
technology except in full compliance with all United States and other applicable laws and regulations. In
particular, but without limitation, none of the software or underlying information or technology may be
exported or re-exported into or to any country or anyone on the US Treasury Department's list of
Specially Designated Nationals or the US Commerce Department's Table of Deny Orders, as such countries,
lists and orders may be amended or modified from time to time. By using the software, you are
specifically agreeing to the foregoing and you are representing and warranting that you are not located in,
under the control of, or a national or resident of any such country or on any such list.
11. Miscellaneous.
a) BY INSTALLING THIS SOFTWARE, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU HAVE READ THIS
AGREEMENT, UNDERSTAND IT, AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY ITS TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
FURTHER, YOU AGREE THAT IT IS THE COMPLETE AND EXCLUSIVE STATEMENT OF THE
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES WHICH SUPERSEDES ALL PROPOSALS OR PRIOR
AGREEMENTS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, AND ALL OTHER COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE
PARTIES RELATING TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS AGREEMENT.
b) If any of the provisions of the Agreement shall be held invalid or unenforceable, the
remainder of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect and the
offending provision shall, to the extent possible, be so construed and reformed as to render
the same enforceable.
c) A waiver by Digital Canal of a breach or violation of any provision of this Agreement shall not
operate so as to be construed to be a waiver of any subsequent breach hereof.
d) Any and all notices required or permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be
sufficient if submitted in writing, sent by registered or certified mail to your last known
address, or, in the case of Digital Canal, to its principal place of business in Dubuque, Iowa.
Any notice provided for herein shall be deemed delivered when deposited in the United
States mail addressed to the party with postage thereon prepaid.
e) This Agreement shall be interpreted, construed, and governed according to the laws of the
State of Iowa.
f) The captions herein contained are for convenience only and shall in no manner be construed
as part of this Agreement
12. Copyright. The materials contained in this package are protected by the copyright laws of the United
States of America. Digital Canal, Copyright 2009.

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