New Driving Curriculum - Ntsa

The National Transport and Safety Authority
CURRICULUM FOR TRAINING, TESTING AND

LICENSING OF DRIVERS, INSTRUCTORS AND
EXAMINERS
FOREWORD
Road safety is a serious issue in Kenya, with approximately 3,000 people dying every year and many more
seriously injured as result of road traffic accidents. Over 90 percent of accidents result from human error,
it is therefore very important that drivers are provided with sufficient education and skills to enable them
to use roads safely.
To address this situation the National Transport Safety Authority has developed this new curriculum for
the training and testing of drivers. The curriculum has been designed to address the different needs of
drivers depending on the vehicles they use. Consequently it has been split into several modules that provide
guidance for the training and testing of drivers of motorcycles, light vehicles, public service vehicles and
heavy commercial vehicles. There are also modules that provide requirements for those people who drive
for a living and for the drivers of plant and agricultural machinery. The curriculum includes theoretical
sections and examinations and practical sections and examinations.
Drivers have a high level of responsibility and their actions can influence the lives of many people,
especially the drivers of PSV and HGV vehicles. It is therefore important that these drivers are highly
skilled and experienced. The Curriculum states minimum levels of driving experience that are required
before training can begin for these classes of vehicles.
In addition to setting the standards for the training and testing of drivers the curriculum also sets the
standards for driving schools, driving instructors and driving examiners.
It is recognised that there is a need to raise the professionalism and profile of the driving industry. The
supporting legislation for this curriculum also makes provision for the establishment of professional bodies
for drivers, instructors and examiners. These bodies will be closely involved on the future improvement
and development of driving standards in Kenya in the years to come.
I am grateful to the staff of the authority and all those who participated in the development and the
production of this curriculum.
FRANCIS O. MEJA
DIRECTOR GENERAL,
NATIONAL TRANSPORT AND SAFETY AUTHORITY
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In developing this curriculum, considerable involvement and support was received from various persons
to produce an all-inclusive document in terms of content and context. Huge benefits are expected to
accrue out of its use and implementation in the country. To all of you I wish to say thank you for making
this a reality.
The authority wishes to sincerely thank the taskforce members who provided the core team for
development of this Curriculum for their time dedication and resourcefulness.
MATHEW M. MUNYAO,
DIRECTOR OF ROAD SAFETY.
NATIONAL TRANSPORT& SAFETY AUTHORITY.
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Part 1

LICENSING OF DRIVERS.
Table of Contents
Forward ..................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Acknowledgement...................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Acronyms and abbreviations ........................................................................................................... iii
Chapter One .................................................................................................................................... iii
1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... iv
1.1 The Purpose of the Curriculum ............................................................................................. iv
1.2 The General Goals of Driver Training ................................................................................... v
1.3 The Traffic System................................................................................................................. v
1.4 The Driver Training ............................................................................................................... v
1.5 Learner Driver Handbook ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.6 Manuals for Examination of Drivers....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.7 Driving License and Driving Test ........................................................................................ vii
1.8 Validity of Licenses ............................................................................................................. vii
1.9 Driving License Categories .................................................................................................. vii
1.10 Plans for Driver Training ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.11 Basic/Common Units ............................................................................................................ ix
1.12 Units Summary and Time Allocation .................................................................................... x
1.1.1 Introduction to Driving ......................................................................................................... xi
1.1.2 Fundamental Driving Rules ................................................................................................. xii
1.1.3 Model Town ......................................................................................................................... xii
1.1.4 Human Factors in Traffic .....................................................................................................xiii
Chapter Two ............................................................................................................................................. xiii
2.0 Training of Motor Cycle Riders ......................................................................................................xiii
2.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a motorcycle rider ............................................xiii
2.2 Units for Motor Cycle Learner Riders .............................................................................................xiii
2.3 Units Summary and Time Allocation ..............................................................................................xiv
2.2.1 Introduction to Motorcycle Riding.......................................................................................xvi
2.2.2 Motorcycle Parts and Controls .............................................................................................xvi
2.2.3 Basic Motorcycle Riding..................................................................................................... xvii
2.2.4 Riding on the Road (Practical) ........................................................................................... xviii
2.2.5 Examination for Motorcycle Riders ..................................................................................... xix
Chapter Three .......................................................................................................................................... xix
3.0 Training of Light Vehicle Drivers ................................................................................................... xix
3.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a small vehicle driver ....................................... xix
3.2 Units for Light Vehicle learner drivers............................................................................................ xix
3.3 Unit Summary and Time Allocation ............................................................................................... xix
3.3.1 Basic Knowledge of a Light Vehicle ................................................................................... xxi
3.3.2 Vehicle Construction and Controls ..................................................................................... xxii
3.3.3 Basic Vehicle Control (Maneuver yard) ............................................................................. xxii
3.3.4 Driving on the Road (Practical) ......................................................................................... xxiii
3.3.5 Examination for Light Vehicle Drivers.............................................................................. xxiv
Chapter Four ............................................................................................................................... xxiv
4.0 Training of Professional Light Vehicle (PLV) Drivers ................................................................. xxiv
4.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a PLV Driver .................................................. xxiv
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4.2 Units for PLV Drivers .................................................................................................................... xxv
4.3 Requirement for issuance of a PLV License ................................................................................. xxv
4.4. Unit Summary and Time Allocation .............................................................................................. xxv
4.4.1 Introduction to a PLV.......................................................................................................... xxx
4.4.2 Vehicle Construction and Controls ..................................................................................... xxx
4.4.3 Vehicle Control (Maneuver yard) ..................................................................................... xxxii
4.4.4 Driving on the Road (Practical) .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.5 Customer Care......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.6 Introduction to Defensive Driving .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.7 Driving on the Road (Practical) ..................................................................................... xxxviii
4.4.8 Examination for Professional Light Vehicle .................................................................... xxxix
Chapter Five ......................................................................................................................................... xxxix
5.0 Training of PSV Drivers .............................................................................................................. xxxix
5.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a Public Service Vehicle Driver ................... xxxix
5.2 Conditions for Upgrading to a higher capacity PSV ................................................................... xxxix
5.3 Units for PSV Learner Drivers ......................................................................................................... xl
5.4 Requirement for issuance of an PSV License ................................................................................... xl
5.5 Unit Summary and Time Allocation ................................................................................................ xl
5.5.1 Introduction to a PSV ..........................................................................................................xlv
5.5.2 Vehicle Construction and Controls .....................................................................................xlv
5.5.3 Basic Vehicle Control (Maneuver yard) ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.5.4 Driving on the Road (Practical) ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.5.5 Customer Care........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.5.6 Introduction to Defensive Driving ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.5.7 Driving On The Road (Practical)........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.5.8 Examination For PSVs ........................................................................................................ liv
Chapter Six ................................................................................................................................................ liv
6.0 Training of Motor Cycle Taxi and Three Wheeler Drivers ............................................................. liv
6.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a motorcycle rider ............................................ liv
6.2 Units for Motor Cycle Learner Riders ............................................................................................. liv
6.3 Requirement for issuance of an Motorcycle PSV License .............................................................. liv
6.4 Units Summary and Time Allocation ............................................................................................... lv
6.6.1 Introduction to Motorcycle Taxi and Three Wheelers ....................................................... lvii
6.6.2 Motorcycle Parts And Controls .......................................................................................... lvii
6.6.3 Basic Motorcycle Riding....................................................................................................lviii
6.6.4 Riding on the Road (Practical) ...........................................................................................lviii
6.6.5 Customer Care..................................................................................................................... lix
6.6.6 Introduction to Defensive Driving ....................................................................................... lx
6.6.7 Riding on the Road (Practical) ............................................................................................ lxi
6.6.8 Examination for Motorcycle Taxi and Three Wheelers ....................................................... lxi
Chapter Seven ........................................................................................................................................... lxi
7.0 Training of Truck Drivers ............................................................................................................... lxi
7.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a Light Goods Vehicle Driver .......................... lxi
7.2. Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a Medium Goods Vehicle Driver .....................lxii
7.3 Conditions for upgrading to a higher capacity HGV .......................................................................lxii
7.4 Units for truck drivers .....................................................................................................................lxii
7.5 Requirement for issuance of an HGV License ................................................................................lxii
7.6 Unit Summary and Time Allocation ..............................................................................................lxiii
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7.7.1 Introduction to Trucks ........................................................................................................ lxvii
7.7.2 Vehicle Construction and Controls .................................................................................... lxvii
7.7.3 Basic Vehicle Control ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.7.8 HGV Driving of Vehicles Transporting Hazardous and Flammable Products ............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
7.7.9 Examination for Truck Drivers ......................................................................................... lxxvi
Chapter Eight ....................................................................................................................................... lxxvii
8.0 Training of Special Professional Drivers (SPDL) ....................................................................... lxxvii
8.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to SPDL course ............................................................. lxxvii
8.2 Requirement for issuance of an SPDL License .......................................................................... lxxvii
8.3 Unit Summary and Time Allocation .......................................................................................... lxxviii
8.8.1 Introduction to SPDL ....................................................................................................... lxxxii
8.8.2 Vehicle Construction and Controls .................................................................................. lxxxii
8.8.3 Basic Vehicle Control ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.8.7 Driving on the Road (Practical) ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.8.8 HGV Driving of Vehicles Transporting Hazardous and Flammable Products .............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
8.8.9 Examination for Interim SPDL ............................................................................................ xci
8.8.10 Driving Practice .................................................................................................................. xcii
Chapter Nine ................................................................................................................................ xcii
9.0. Training of Industrial, Construction and Agricultural Machine Operators (ICA) ......................... xcii
9.1. Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as an industrial, construction and agricultural
machine operator ........................................................................................................................... xciii
9.2. Requirement for issuance of an Industrial, Construction and Agricultural (ICA) vehicle License
xciii
9.3 Unit Summary and Time Allocation ............................................................................................. xciii
9.9.1 Introduction To ICA ........................................................................................................... xciv
9.9.2 Basic Machine Control ....................................................................................................... xciv
9.9.3 Legal Aspects Governing Operation of ICA ....................................................................... xcv
9.9.4 Practical Operation ............................................................................................................. xcv
9.9.5 Examination for ICA Operators .......................................................................................... xcv
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CC - Cubic Centimetre
CoC - Certificate of Competence
HGV - Heavy Goods Vehicle
HSE - Health, Safety and Environment
ICA - Industrial, Construction and Agricultural
Kg - Kilogramme
NTSA - National Transport and Safety Authority (‘The Authority’)
PDL - Professional Driver’s License
PLV - Professional Light Vehicle
PSV - Public Service Vehicle
SPDL - Special Professional Driver’s License
GVW - Gross Vehicle Weight
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Purpose of the Curriculum

This curriculum states basic principles of driver training in Kenya.
The curriculum is designed for the training of drivers of all vehicles, and it comprises plans for training of
drivers. All drivers and riders in Kenya have to undergo this training and must pass the test to be allowed
to drive or ride a motor vehicle. The principle adopted in developing this curriculum is that a set number
of units have been defined for each module. There are eight modules which translate to respective
categories of Licenses. The first four units must be done by all drivers before embarking on additional
specific units to meet requirements for each module as defined in this curriculum.
Within the framework of this curriculum, the main reference document will be the Kenya Learner Drivers’
Handbook. The handbook is built on the learning objectives for driver training and focuses on both theory
and practical driving.
Traffic crashes constitute social and economic challenges nationally, due to all those who are killed and
injured and the attendant economic loss. Human error has been cited as the major contributor to road
crashes. The curriculum seeks to mitigate this by improving the competence and discipline of drivers by
addressing the knowledge, skills and attitude gap.
The education and training of drivers of motor vehicles therefore, is an important step towards improving
the overall driving skills of drivers. Those who are responsible for driver training in Kenya MUST comply
with this approved curriculum.
This document is arranged in 10 chapters, for a total of 9 training modules.
Chapter 1: Common Core Units
Chapter 2 : MODULE 1 - MOTORCYCLES
Chapter 3: MODULE 2 - LIGHT VEHICLES
Chapter 4: MODULE 3 – PROFESSIONAL LIGHT VEHICLES
Chapter 5:MODULE 4- PUBLIC SERVICE VEHICLES
Chapter 6: MODULE 5-MOTORCYCLE TAXI AND THREE WHEELERS
Chapter 7:MODULE 6 -TRUCK DRIVERS
Chapter 8:MODULE 7-SPECIAL PROFFESSIONAL DRIVING LICENSE
Chapter 9: MODULE 8- INDUSTRIAL, CONSTRUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL VEHICLES
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1.2 The General Goals of Driver Training
Driver Training aims to give the learner driver the proper knowledge, skills and attitudes in order to
develop the necessary driving competence and discipline.
General goals;
i) A safe, reliable and efficient road transport system.
ii) Reduction in road crashes and loss of life.
iii) Compliance with the traffic laws, rules, regulations and other provisions.
iv) Promote safe road use culture demonstrated by road courtesy and care for vulnerable road
users.
v) Promote road worthiness of vehicles.
1.3 The Traffic System

It is valuable to adopt an analytical view in the field of traffic safety. This analytic view is coherent with
the framework of the Traffic System, which is made up of the vehicle, the road user, the road and its
environment and the traffic control system.
Road crashes are caused by errors on the part of the road users, deficiencies on the vehicles, the road
design and condition. Sometimes they are caused by lack of co-ordination between various components
of the Traffic System.
Applying the framework of the Traffic System, will make it possible to analyze the causes of traffic crashes
and put forward counter measures systematically.
Within the context of the Traffic System, one has to look at the driver as an operator of the vehicle in a
complex traffic environment. Behind the wheel the driver’s tasks are to:
i) Collect and process information from the road, the traffic and the vehicle’s behavior.
ii) Make correct decisions about appropriate control actions.
iii) Execute the actions skillfully.
iv) Complying with the existing traffic laws.
The driver has to assess the results of the actions and respond adequately to the new situation.
Driving is in many ways a social skill, in the sense that co-operation between road users is important for
the benefit of traffic safety.
1.4 The Driver Training General Requirements.
1.4.1 Learning Approach
Driver training, like any other educational activity, has to be based on well-known pedagogical and
psychological principles. Sound judgment, developed by the driving instructors and driving examiners
over the years is also essential.
The driver’s tasks, previously mentioned, constitute the contents of the Driver’s Code that will be the
cornerstone in Driver Training. The Driver’s Code consists of these three elements:
i) Observe
ii) Decide, and
iii) Act
The aim of the Driver’s Code is to:
i) Establish a method for coping with any traffic situation systematically.
ii) Establish a disciplined road behavior, which is based on awareness of the hazards
thus being a prerequisite for defensive and environmental friendly driving.
1.4.2 Use of Licensed Schools and Instructors
All driving lessons are to be learnt in a licensed driving school under the instruction of a qualified and
licensed instructor.
1.4.3 Theory Lessons
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a) Driving instructions shall include theory lessons based on this curriculum. A learner driver has to
undertake and be examined in each unit within a module.
b) The typical sequence of the driver-training program will be as follows:
i) Introduction to driving.
ii) Fundamental driving rules.
iii) Model town.
iv) Human factors in driving.
v) Introduction to the class of vehicle.
vi) Motor Vehicle parts, instruments and controls.
vii) Basic vehicle control.
viii) Maneuvers on a yard under controlled traffic conditions.
ix) Maneuvers on the road under all traffic conditions.
x) Specific units depending on Module.
c) By means of effective teaching methods, the driving Instructor will adjust the driver training program
to the learner driver’s individual qualifications and understanding in order to optimize the learning
outcome.
d) The school shall meet the time allocated in the curriculum
e) Continuous assessment tests, shall be administered upon completion of at most 40 hours of learning,
and shall be in the form of 50 multiple choice questions. A learner must answer at least 35 questions
correctly to be deemed to have passed the test. The tests shall constitute 30% of the pass mark in the
school’s internal test which shall precede examination for issuance of certificate of competence prior to
licensing. Records of each learners test answer sheets shall be maintained by the school for a period of 3
years.
f) A learner shall only be deemed to have fulfilled the requirements of training under this curriculum upon
attending at least 75% of the lessons. Every school shall maintain a register of attendance for each learner
driver. Theory training may be provided online, provided an online attendance and assessment register
is maintained.
g) The level of performance regarding practical driving skills and theoretical knowledge is evaluated in the
examination process.
1.4.4 Practical training
i. The school shall ensure that the learner obtains a provisional driving license before driving.
ii. The school shall test the learner driver on the first four units before arranging for issuance a
provisional driving license.
iii. A learner driver who fails in the test (b) above shall not be issued with the provisional driving
license.
iv. A learner driver shall be trained to drive in a yard and tested before being taken to drive on a
public road.
v. The school shall use the Kenya Learner’s Driver Handbook as the main reference material.
vi. The school must meet the time allocation requirements set out in the curriculum.
vii. The school shall use both commentary driving and explain-act- comment techniques.
viii. A learner driver has to attend 100 % of the classes to be deemed to have completed practical
driving lessons.
1.4.5 Practical test
The practical test at the institution shall be divided into two, the yard test and the on-road test.
Before the start of the test, the instructor shall explain how the test will be done and how the evaluation
will be done.
i. The learners have to be tested on a defined route.
ii. The school shall maintain a record of the test routes used.
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iii. The learner driver must use commentary driving.
iv. The Instructor shall examine using an assessment checklist.
v. The school shall maintain the records of all assessment checklists for a period of 3 years.
1.5 Driving License and Driving Test
The driving test consists of a theoretical and a practical component. The theoretical test shall consist of a
continuous assessment test administered after every 40 hours of training and a final test at the end of all
the units in a module. The test shall comprise of a minimum of 50 multiple-choice questions.
The practical test is taken in two parts:
i. (Maneuver yard) test- The learner driver is tested in a training yard to evaluate his ability to
maneuver under different set conditions.
ii. A road test is conducted in a test route where the candidate has to negotiate most traffic
situations in a skilled and safe manner.
A learner driver must pass the (Maneuver yard) test before proceeding to take the road test. A
performance report is prepared for each driver. He/she must demonstrate skills in both theory and
practical by attaining a pass mark of 70 %.
1.6 Examination
a) General Conditions:
The following conditions shall be met by a school before presenting the learner drivers for examination
in a driving test centre:
i. A school shall not present for examination a learner who has not passed the school tests.
ii. A school shall register the learners for the examination and submit to an examiner a School’s
test report with respect to each candidate. Only Learners who have attained a minimum
aggregate score of 70% in the school final test shall be presented for examination.
b) Failing to pass the examination
A Learners who fails in an examination offered in a driver test centre shall be referred back
the driving school for re-training, provided;
i. That no Re-testing is done before the expiry of 21 days.
ii. That a Learner who fails in theory examination shall be required to re-take the entire
examination while one who fails a practical exam shall be required to re-sit the practical within a
period not exceeding 6 months.
iii. A candidate who fails to take the re-test shall be required to register a fresh and re-do the
course.
1.7 Validity of Licenses
i. All Licenses shall be renewed annually for a period of 9 years. On the 10th year, the License holder
shall be required to repeat the training and examination process, obtain a new certificate of
competence and undergo a medical examination.
ii. Holders of Professional Drivers Licenses shall be required to accumulate a minimum number of
continuous development points, set by a Professional Body of drivers, annually as a condition for
License renewal
iii. Additionally, all drivers above the age of 60 years are shall be required to have a medical fitness
report annually before renewal of their driving Licenses.
1.8 Driving License Categories
1.8.1 CATEGORY A
i. Category A1 (Moped)
-Up to and including 50 C.C.
-Minimum age 16 years.
-No passenger.
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ii. Category A2 (light motorcycle)
- Above 50 C.C.
- Minimum age 18 years.
- Maximum load 60 kg (for upto 400 C.C)
- Maximum 1 passenger
-
iii. Category A3 Motorcycle Taxi, Couriers and three-wheelers.
-100 C.C. and above.
-Minimum age 21
-Previous 1 year riding experience of A2
-Maximum load 100 kg (for up to 400 C.C)
-Maximum 1 passenger
1.8.2 CATEGORY B
i. Category B (Light Vehicle)
-Light vehicle (passenger car) or with a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) of maximum 3500 kg with one light
trailer (not exceeding 750 kg)
-Not more than seven passengers.
ii. Category B Automatic (Light Vehicle Automatic)

-Light vehicle (passenger car) with a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) of maximum 3 500 kg with one light
trailer (not exceeding 750 kg).
-Equipped with automatic gear box.
iii. Category B Professional

-Light vehicle (passenger car) with a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) of maximum 3,500 kg with one light
trailer (not exceeding 750 kg).
-Equipped with manual or automatic gear box.
1.8.3 CATEGORY C
i. Category C1 (Light Truck)
-Light truck with a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) exceeding 3 500 kg and a maximum 7500 kg with
maximum one light trailer (limited to not exceed 750 kg)
-Minimum age 22 years
2 Category C (Medium Truck)

-Heavy truck with a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) exceeding 7 500 kg with maximum one light trailer
(limited to not exceed 750 kg)
-Minimum age 24 years
3 Category CE (Heavy Truck with trailer)

-Heavy truck with a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) exceeding 7 500 kg with heavy trailer or semitrailer.
-Articulated vehicles.
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1.8.4 CATEGORY D
i. Category D (Van)
-Maximum 13 passengers.
-Minimum age 22years.
ii. Category D1 (Mini Bus)

-Between 14-32 passengers
Category D2 (Large Bus)

-33 passengers and above.
-Minimum age of 30 years.
1.8.5 CATEGORY E (SPECIAL PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS’ LICENSE)

-Minimum age 21years
-Completed 3 months driving practice with any vehicle classified under categories C1, C, CE, D, D1, D2
and licensed as EC1, EC, ECE, ED, ED1, ED2 respectively.
- Class ED2 Licenses shall be endorsed for classes D1 & D while Class ECE Licenses shall be endorsed for
C & C1
1.8.6 CATEGORY G (INDUSTRIAL, CONSTRUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL PLANTS& EQUIPMENT)

-Special types of Plants and Equipment for which special authorization is required from the authority
before such plants can be registered for use.
-To operate such Plants and Equipment a driving License is a requirement
-Endorsement for Class G will be done on the driving License.
1.9 Basic/Common Units

This section deals with parts of driver training that are mandatory for all drivers, independent of class of
License. The topics in this section are grouped into four parts:
i) Introduction to Driving
ii) Fundamental driving rules.
iii) Model town
iv) Human factors in traffic
1.9 General Objective of Driver Learning
The learner rider must learn and get appropriate experience to be able to act as an insightful and
competent driver with respect to safety, mobility and concern of other road users. The competence
achieved has to be verified through a theoretical and a practical test before a License is issued.
1.11 Specific Objectives of Driver Learning
The knowledge, skills and abilities that should be gained and proven by the learner driver are of different
kinds and on different levels. By the end of the driver education, the learner driver must (be able to):
i.Know about; meaning that he must be informed about driving to such an extent that his knowledge
follows a more goal-oriented and specific training. (Objectives of this kind are included in the theoretical
part of the driving test).
ii.Point out and name; meaning that he must be able to locate and name by generally used terms, for
example, certain controls and instruments of the vehicle. (Objectives of this kind are included in both the
theoretical and practical parts of the driving test).
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iii.Read and explain the meaning of; meaning that he must be able to use, for instance, the instruments
of the vehicle, explain and demonstrate what they indicate. (Objectives of this kind are included in the
practical part of the driving test).
iv.Check; meaning that he must be able to inspect certain components of the vehicle, with or without
using tools, and explain in general terms whether or not safety requirements are satisfied. (Objectives of
this kind are included in the practical part of the driving test.
v.State the content of or explain the meaning of; meaning that he must be able to differentiate between
correct and incorrect answers to questions on, risk factors and traffic rules ., or explain verbally the topic
in question in general terms. (Objectives of this kind are included in the theoretical and practical part of
the driving test).
vii.Identify, recognize, assess or anticipate; meaning that he must be able to observe certain points in
real traffic situations (or in pictures), appreciate their importance for safety, and differentiate between
correct and incorrect responses to questions on the points, or explain verbally their importance in general
terms. (Objectives of this kind are included in both the theoretical and practical parts of the driving test).
viii.Perform observations and maneuvers; meaning that he must identify and assess objects or situations,
control the vehicle and execute maneuvers or other tasks skillfully. (Objectives of this kind are included in
the practical part of the driving test).
ix.React appropriately; meaning that he must be able to control the vehicle and adapt speed, position
and driving direction in accordance with the traffic rules, safety considerations such as showing regard to
other road users and seamlessly Maneuvering through traffic. (Objectives of this kind are included in the
practical part of the driving test).
1.12 Units Summary and Time Allocation
Code Topic Content Time (Hours)

Theor Practic Total
y e
1.12.1 Introduction  Traffic safety situation in Kenya and the 5 0 5
to driving. common causes of vehicle related crashes.
 Background of driver training- Key players
in the Road Safety sector.
 The importance of driver training.
 The goals of driver training.
 Driving License and driving test.
 The driver’s tasks.
 The driver’s responsibilities.
 The principles of driver training
 Legal requirements for driving in Kenya-
NTSA Act, Traffic Act, County By-Laws.
 Classes of vehicles
1.12.2 Fundamental  Traffic rules, regulations and other Safety 4 0 4
Driving Rules requirements
 Highway Code
 Rules of behavior in traffic
1.12.3 Model Town  Name parts of the Model town. 1 4 5
 Explain the directional arrows.
 Road markings and Road Signs
 State the importance of road markings.
x
Theor Practic Total
y e
 Move model car from one point to another
safely.
1.12.4 Human factors  Observation 6 2 8
in Traffic  Driver perception and awareness
 Judgment of speed and distance
 Stopping distance
 Selection of proper speed
 Factors that influence the driving skills
 Special needs of vulnerable groups
 Limitations in number of passengers and
quantity of goods
 Drugs and Alcohol.
 Customer care and public relations
 Hygiene, Health and Safety
 Crash handling procedures
 First Aid
Total 16 6 22
1.12.1 INTRODUCTION TO DRIVING

1.12.1C Expected Outcome
The trainee should familiarize with Basics of driving
Theory/Practice
1.12.1T/P0 Objectives
By the end of this unit, the learner driver should be able to:
a) discuss traffic safety situation in Kenya and the common causes of vehicle related crashes
b) outline background of driver training- key players in the road safety sub-sector.
c) explain the importance of driver training.
d) discuss the goals of driver training.
e) define driving Licenses and driving test.
f) name driver’s tasks.
g) state driver’s responsibilities.
h) discuss principles of driver training.
i) state legal requirements for driving in Kenya-NTSA Act, Traffic Act, County By-Laws.
j) list classes of vehicles.
Content
1.12.1T/P1 Traffic safety situation in Kenya and the common causes of vehicle related crashes
1.12.1T/P2 Background of driver training- Key players in the Road Safety Sub-Sector
1.12.1T/P3 Importance of driver training
1.12.1T/P4 Goals of driver training
1.12.1T/P5 Driving License and driving test
1.12.1T/P6 Driver’s tasks
1.12.1T/P7 Driver’s responsibilities
1.12.1T/P8 Principles of driver training
1.12.1T/P9 Legal requirements for driving in Kenya-NTSA Act, Traffic Act, County By-Laws
xi
1.12.1T/P10 Classes of vehicles.
1.12.2 FUNDAMENTAL DRIVING RULES

The trainee should be able to explain fundamental driving rules
Theory/Practice
1.12.2T/P0 Objective
By the end of this unit the learner driver should be able to:
a) apply the traffic rules and regulations
b) discuss Highway Code
c) discuss the general rules of behavior in traffic regarding safety, courtesy and responsibility .
d) state driver’s responsibilities as owner and user of vehicles concerning vehicle registration, third
party risk insurance, condition of the vehicle.
Content
1.12.2T/P1 Traffic rules and regulations
i.Traffic rules, regulations and other safety requirements on vehicles and drivers valid on all roads, streets,
bridges and other places accessible to normal traffic, whether public or private.
ii.Obeying driving instructions given by road markings, traffic signs and directives by the police and
knowing the priority of such directives when more than one kind is at hand.
1.12.2T/P2 Highway Code.
1.12.2T/P3 General rules of behavior in traffic regarding safety, courtesy and responsibility.
I. Application of a defensive driving style in order to increase safety margins, avoid getting into risky
or disastrous situations, improve driving economy and protect the environment.
II. Special attention to vulnerable road users such as children, old people and persons with
disabilities.
III. Giving consideration to unprotected road users like pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists.
IV. Use of the horn, when necessary, to warn other road-users.
V. Giving Right-of-way for specific vehicles, road users or in specific situations.
VI. Acting properly in case of a crash or when arriving at the scene of a crash.
1.12.2T/P4 Drivers responsibilities as owner and user of vehicles concerning vehicle registration,
third party risk insurance, condition of the vehicle.
1.12.3 MODEL TOWN

1.12.3c Expected Outcome
The trainee should be able demonstrate driving in a model town.
Theory/Practice
a) name parts of the model town
b) explain the directional arrows
c) explain road signs and markings
d) state the importance of road signs and road markings
e) move model car from one point to another correctly
Content
1.12.3T/P1 Parts of the model town
1.12.3T/P2 Explain the directional arrows
1.12.4T/P3 Explain road signs and markings
1.12.5T/P4 State the importance of road signs and road markings
xii
1.12.6P/P5 Move model car from one point to another correctly
1.12.4 HUMAN FACTORS IN TRAFFIC

The trainee should be able to explain human factors in traffic.
Theory/Practice
a) observer and interpret situations on the road
b) discuss driver perception and awareness.
c) apply jjudgment of speed and distance.
d) recognise the severity of misconduct and mistakes made by road users.
e) define stopping distance.
f) select proper speed
g) discuss ffactors that influence the driving skills
h) discuss sspecial needs of vulnerable groups
i) point out limitations in number of passengers and quantity of goods.
j) discuss drugs and alcohol
k) explain customer care and public relations
l) discuss hygiene, health and safety
m) discuss crash handling procedures
n) demonstrate first aid techniques
Content
1.12.4T/P1 Observation
1.12.4T/P2 Driver perception and awareness
1.12.4T/P3 Judgment of speed and distance
1.12.4T/P4 Recognising the severity of misconduct and mistakes made by road users
1.12.4T/P5 Stopping distance
1.12.4T/P6 Selection of proper speed
1.12.4T/P7 Factors that influence the driving skills
1.12.4T/P8 Special needs of vulnerable groups
1.12.4T/P9 Limitations in number of passengers and quantity of goods
1.12.4T/10 Drugs and Alcohol
1.12.4T.11 Customer care and public relations
1.12.4T/P12 Hygiene, health and safety
1.12.4T/P13 Crash handling procedures
1.12.4P/P14 First Aid
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 TRAINING OF MOTOR CYCLE RIDERS
2.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a motorcycle rider
i) Not less than 16 years old
ii) Police clearance certificate (for motorcycle taxi)
iii) No record of dangerous driving offence over the last 24 months
iv) Medical test certificate obtained within the last 6 months
2.2 Units for Motor Cycle Learner Riders
This section deals with parts of rider training that are valid for riders only.
xiii
Knowledge, skills and other abilities are of different kinds and may be developed to different levels, as
described above, depending on content and the context. The topics in this section are grouped into;
i) Introduction to motorcycles
ii) Motorcycle parts and controls
iii) Basic Motorcycle Control Maneuver yard
iv) Riding on the Road (practical)
Code Topic Content Time (Hours )

Theory Practice Total
2.3.1 Introduction to  Importance / role of the motorcycle 2 0 2
Motorcycles as a part of the National
transportation system.
 Characteristics of the motorcycle in
traffic on the road.
 The crash rate of the motorcycle
 Categories of motorcycles
 Requirements to obtain a rider’s
License
2.3.2 Motorcycle Parts  Proper use of protective gear for 2 1 3
and Controls the motorcyclists.
 Proper way to carry passengers and
goods
 Controls
 Instruments, lights and reflectors.
 Engine, ignition, accelerator and
exhaust system
 Transmission system
 Steering systems
 brake system
 Wheels, tyres and shock absorbers.
 The body
 Rider’s gear
2.3.3 Basic Motorcycle  Preparations for riding- stability. 1 5 6
Control Maneuver  Controlling movement of the
yard motorcycle by coordinating pedal
activities, changing gears and
steering.
 Forward riding and turning.
 Operate the steering wheel gently,
getting the motorcycle in right
direction and keeping the
motorcycle on fairly correct course.
 Performing turns as normally
occurring in traffic.
 Making proper judgments of the
length and width of the motorcycle
xiv
(sizing), the position of the wheels
and the longitudinal direction of the
motorcycle in relation to the
roadside.
 Hard braking (emergency braking)-
Achieving optimum braking without
locking the wheels, losing steering
control or stalling the engine.
 U-turning and turning by forward
and reverse riding.
 Changing direction of riding on the
road, safely depending on
conditions.
 Parking in different kinds of parking
spaces-To be able to perform
different parking.
 Making the necessary safety
preparations for riding and getting
familiar with the names and
positions of controls and
instruments
2.3.4 Riding on the Road  Moving off, riding ahead and 0 15 15
(practical) stopping.
 Positioning in different
environments.
 Choice of speed in different
situations
 Hill riding.
 Riding through bends.
 Approaching and passing railway
crossings.
 Lane shift and choice of lanes.
 Turning in order to ride in opposite
direction.
 Passing stationary vehicles and
pedestrians.
 Meeting oncoming traffic.
 Riding ahead of or behind other
road-users
 Overtaking.
 Approaching different kinds of
junctions with or without signals
and with or without
restricted view.
xv
 Riding in different kinds of junctions
(straight through or turning left or
right), with or without signals and
with or without obligation to give
right-of-way.
 Riding in dark and dim lighting.
 Riding side by side.
 Approaching, riding in and leaving
roundabouts.
 Stopping and Parking.
2.3.5 Examination for  Continuous Assessment Tests 0.5 0 0.5
Motorcycle riders  Theory and practical exam 2 0.5 2.5
Total 7.5 21.5 29.0
2.3.1 INTRODUCTION TO MOTORCYCLE RIDING

The trainee should be able to explain basics of motorcycle riding
Theory/Practice
2.3.1T/P0 Objective
By the end of this unit, the learner rider will be able to:
a) discuss the importance / role of the motorcycle as a part of the national transportation system.
b) describe characteristics of the motorcycle in traffic / on the road.
c) discuss the crash rate of the motorcycle.
d) list categories of motorcycles.
e) outline the requirements to obtain the rider’s License.
Content
2.3.1T/P1 Importance / role of the motorcycle as a part of the national transportation system
2.3.1T/P2 Characteristics of the motorcycle in traffic / on the road
2.3.1T/P3 Crash rate of the motorcycle
2.3.1T/P4 Categories of motorcycles
2.3.1T/P5 Requirements to obtain the rider’s License
2.3.2 MOTORCYCLE PARTS AND CONTROLS

The trainee should be able to demonstrate knowledge of motorcycle parts and controls.
Theory/Practice
2.3.2T/P0 Objective
By the end of this unit the trainee should be able to:
a) demonstrate the proper use of protective gear for the motorcyclists- including proper fastening of
helmets
b) demonstrate the proper way to carry passengers and goods.
c) point out and use motorcycle controls.
d) identify instruments and control lights
e) describe engine, ignition, accelerator and exhaust system
f) discuss transmission system
xvi
g) apply the steering system
h) apply brake system
i) explain the use of lights and reflectors
j) explain wheels, tyres and shock absorbers.
k) describe the motorcycle body
l) define the rider’s gear
Content
2.3.2T/P1 Protective gear for the motorcyclists- Including proper fastening of helmets.
2.3.2T/P2 Proper way to carry passengers and goods.
2.3.2T/P3 Controls.
2.3.2T/P4 Instruments and control lights.
2.3.2T/P5 Engine, ignition, accelerator and exhaust system.
2.3.2T/P6 Transmission system.
2.3.2T/P7 Steering system.
2.3.2T/P8 Brake system.
2.3.2T/P9 Lights and reflectors.
2.3.2T/P10 Wheels, tyres and shock absorbers.
2.3.2T/P11 Motorcycle body.
2.3.2T/P12 Rider’s gear.
2.3.3 BASIC MOTORCYCLE RIDING

The trainee should be able to demonstrate basic control of a motorcycle in a yard.
Theory/Practice
a) prepare for riding- stability.
b) control movements of the motorcycle by co-coordinating pedal activities, changing gears and
steering.
c) forward ride and turn.
d) operate the steering wheel gently, get the motorcycle in right direction and keep the motorcycle on
fairly correct course.
e) perform turnings as normally occurring in traffic.
f) make proper judgments of the length and width of the motorcycle (sizing), the position of the
wheels and the longitudinal direction of the motorcycle in relation to the roadside
g) hard brake (emergency braking)-achieving optimum braking without locking the wheels, losing
steering control or stalling the engine
h) make a U-turn and turn by forward and reverse riding
i) change direction of driving on the road, safely depending on conditions
j) park different kinds parking spaces be able to perform different parking
k) make the necessary safety preparations for riding and get familiar with the names and positions of
controls and instruments
Content
2.3.3T/P1 Riding preparation.
2.3.3T/P2 Pedal activities and gears.
2.3.3T/P3 Riding
2.3.3T/P4 Steering wheel.
2.3.3T/P5 Turning.
xvii
2.3.3T/P6 Length and width of the motorcycle (sizing), position of the wheels and the longitudinal
direction of the motorcycle in relation to the roadside.
2.3.3T/P7 hard brakes.
2.3.3T/P8 U-turns and turns by forward and reverse riding.
2.3.3T/P9 Direction of riding on the road.
2.3.3T/P10 Parking.
2.3.3T/P11 Safety preparations for riding
2.3.4 RIDING ON THE ROAD (PRACTICAL)

2.3.4c Expected Outcomes
The trainee should be able to ride a motorcycle on the road
Theory/Practice
a) start off, ride ahead, and stop.
b) position self in different environments.
c) choose the appropriate speed in different situations.
d) ride on a hill.
e) ride through bends.
f) approach and cross railways.
g) choose and shift lanes.
h) turn and ride in opposite direction.
i) pass stationary vehicles and pedestrians.
j) meet oncoming traffic.
k) ride ahead or behind other road-users.
l) overtake
m) approach different kinds of junctions, with or without signals and with or without restricted view
n) ride in different kinds of junctions (straight through or turning left or right), with or without signals
and with or without obligation to give right-of-way.
o) ride in dark and dim lighting
p) ride side by side
q) approach, ride in and leave roundabouts
r) stop and park
Content
2.3.4T/P1 Starting off, driving ahead, stopping
2.3.4T/P2 Position in different environments
2.3.4T/P3 Speed choice in different situations.
2.3.4T/P4 Hill riding.
2.3.4T/P5 Bends.
2.3.4T/P6 Railway Crossings
2.3.4T/P7 Lanes choice and change.
2.3.4T/P8 Direction change.
2.3.4T/P9 Stationary vehicles and pedestrian overtaking.
2.3.4T/P10 Oncoming traffic.
2.3.4T/P11 Multiple road-users.
2.3.4T/P12 Overtaking.
2.3.4T/P13 Junctions, with or without signals and with or without restricted view
xviii
2.3.4T/P14 Junctions (straight through, left or right turn), with or without signals and with or without
obligation to give right-of-way.
2.3.4T/P15 Dark and dim lighting
2.3.4T/P16 Side by side riding
2.3.4T/P17 Roundabouts
2.3.4T/P18 Parking
2.3.5 EXAMINATION FOR MOTORCYCLE RIDERS

The trainee shall be able to acquire a certificate of competence (CoC) for riding a motorcycle.
Theory/Practice
2.3.5T/P0 Objective
By the end of the unit the trainee will be able to sit the theory and practical driving examination for the
professional class category applied.
Content
2.3.5T/P1 Theory and practical exam
Responsible - Driving test examiner
Where -At driving test centre
Time Schedule 2 Hours (T) 0.5 Hours (P)
Demands Score: Passed/not passed Overall pass mark> 70%
Materials Theory tests and driving tests sheets
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 TRAINING OF LIGHT VEHICLE DRIVERS
3.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a small vehicle driver
i. Not less than 18 years old
ii. No record of dangerous driving offence over the last 24 months
iii. Medical test certificate obtained within the last 6 months
iv. Able to read and write in the official languages
3.2 Units for Light Vehicle learner drivers
This section deals with parts of driver training that are valid for drivers of light vehicles.
described above, depending on content area and the situations to cope with. The topics in this section are
grouped into;
i) Basic knowledge of a light vehicle
ii) Vehicle construction and controls
iii) Basic vehicle control Maneuver yard
iv) Driving on the road (practical)
3.3 Unit Summary and Time Allocation

3.3.1 Basic Knowledge of  Requirements to obtain the 2 0 2
a Light Vehicle driver’s License
 The importance / role of the
vehicle as a part of the National
transportation system
xix
 The characteristics of the vehicle
in traffic / on the road.
 Road crashes related to light
vehicles
3.3.2 Vehicle  Controls and instruments 4 1 5
Construction and  Engine, ignition, accelerator and
Controls exhaust system
 Accessories
 Steering system
 Braking system
 Lights and reflectors
 Wheels and tyres
 Suspension system
 The body
 Special equipment; first aid box,
tool box, warning triangles, fire
extinguisher
 Electrical system
3.3.3 Basic Vehicle  Preparations for driving
Control (Yard  getting familiar with the names
driving) and positions of controls and
instruments
 Pedal activities, changing gears
and steering
 Start off, acceleration and
smooth stop without stalling the
engine
 Combined clutch/accelerator
and clutch/brake operation
 Gears change while driving
operations like steering and
attention to what is happening
around
 Forward driving and turning
 Gentle steering wheel and
maintaining a farly correct course
 manoeuvring
 Kerb parking
 Vehicle length and width
assessment
 hard braking (emergency braking)
 Optimum braking
xx
 U-turn and forward and reverse
turns (3-point turns)
 Direction change
 Different kinds of parking
3.3.4 Driving on the  Starting off, driving ahead and 0 24 24
Road (practical) stopping
environments
situations
 Driving on hills
 Driving though bends
 Approaching and crossing railway
 Lane shift and choice of lanes
 Turning in order to drive in
opposite direction
 Passing stationary vehicles an
pedestrians
 Meeting oncoming traffic
 Driving ahead of or behind other
road – users
 Overtaking
junctions with or without signals
and with or without restricted
view
 Driving in different kinds of
junctions
 Driving in dark and dim situations
 Stopping
 Use of lights in day time
Total 12 30.5 42.5
3.3.1 BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF A LIGHT VEHICLE

The trainee shall be able to acquire a certificate of competence (CoC) for driving a light vehicle.
Theory/Practice
3.3.1T/P0 Objective
a) outline the requirements to obtain a driver’s License
b) discuss the importance / role of the vehicle as a part of the national transportation system
c) describe the characteristics of the vehicle in traffic / on the road
d) discuss road crashes related to light vehicles
Content
xxi
3.3.1T/P1 Obtaining a driver License
3.3.1T/P2 Role of the light vehicle as a part of the National transportation system
3.3.1T/P3 Characteristics of the light vehicle in traffic / on the road
3.3.1T/P4 Road crashes related to light vehicles
3.3.2 VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION AND CONTROLS
The trainee should be able to demonstrate knowledge on vehicle construction and control.
Theory/Practice
3.3.2T/P0 Objective
a) describe controls and instruments as used in light vehicles
b) discuss the following components of a light vehicle.
c) describe accessories of a light vehicle.
d) discuss the light vehicle system.
e) discuss the importance of lights and reflectors.
f) explain wheels and tyres.
g) describe the light vehicle body.
h) discuss special equipment
Content
3.3.2T/P1 Controls and instruments
3.3.3T/P2 Discuss the following components of a light vehicle
 engine
 ignition
 accelerator
 exhaust
3.3.3T/P3 .3.2T/P3 Describe light vehicle accessories
 Air-conditioning
 Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
 Secondary Restraint System (SRS)
3.3.2T/P4 Discuss the light vehicle system
 Transmission System.
 Steering system.
 Braking system
 Suspension System.
3.3.2T/P5 Lights and reflectors
3.3.2T/P6 Wheels and tyres
3.3.2T/P7 Light vehicle body
3.3.2T/P8 Special equipment
 First Aid box
 Tool box
 Warning triangles
 Fire extinguisher
3.3.3 BASIC VEHICLE CONTROL (Maneuver yard)
The trainee should be able to apply basic vehicle control skills.
3.3.3T/P0 Objective
xxii
a) prepare to drive
b) describe the necessary safety preparations for driving
c) be able to control the movement of the car by co-coordinating pedal activities, changing gears and
steering
d) demonstrate appropriate car movement,
e) operate the pedals with increased precision and co-ordination, especially by combined
clutch/accelerator and clutch/brake, (in all vehicles).
f) demonstrate gear changing techniques
g) demonstrate forward driving and turning
h) operate the steering wheel gently
i) perform turnings as normally occurring in traffic
j) demonstrate how to park along the kerb
k) make appropriate judgment of the vehicle length and width, the position of the wheels and the
longitudinal direction of the vehicle in relation to the road side
l) perform hard braking (emergency braking)
m) carry out optimum braking without locking the wheels, losing steering control or stalling the engine.
n) perform different maneuvers
o) apply skills in change of direction
p) demonstrate skills in different kinds of parking
Content
3.3.3T/P1 Driving preparation
3.3.3T/P2 Necessary safety preparations for driving and get familiar with the names and
positions of controls and instruments.
3.3.3T/P3 Car movement control
3.3.3T/P4 Car movement
 Acceleration
 Smooth start and stop
3.3.3T/P5 Operate the pedals with increased precision and co-ordination, especially by combined
3.3.3T/P6 Changing gears while driving without losing control of other operations like steering and
attention to what is happening around.
3.3.3T/P7 Driving and turning
3.3.3T/P8 Operate the steering wheel gently, get the car in right direction and keep the car on fairly
correct course
3.3.3T/P9 Perform turnings
3.3.3T/P10 Parking at Kerb
3.3.3T/P11 Proper judgments of the vehicle length and width, the position of the wheels and the
3.3.3T/P12 Hard-braking (emergency braking)
3.3.3T/P13 Optimum braking without locking the wheels, losing steering control or stalling the engine.
3.3.3T/P14 U-turning by forward and reverse driving
3.3.3T/P15 Driving directions change
3.3.3T/P16 Different kinds of parking
3.3.4 DRIVING ON THE ROAD (PRACTICAL)

3.3.4c. Expected outcome
The trainee will be able to drive, control and handle a vehicle
Theory/Practice
xxiii
a) start off, drive and stop a vehicle
b) position a vehicle in different environments
c) apply appropriate speed in different situations
d) demonstrate how to drive on hills and through bends
e) apply skills while encountering various situations like railway crossings ,roundabouts, pedestrian
crossing and junctions
f) choose and shift lanes appropriately
g) change directions by turning
h) make appropriate maneuvers while passing stationary vehicles, pedestrians and overtaking
i) meet oncoming traffic
j) drive in dark, dim and foggy conditions and use of lights in daytime
Content
3.3.4T/P1 Vehicle driving
3.3.4T/P2 Vehicle positioning
3.3.4T/P3 Speed in different situations
3.3.4T/P4 Hills and bends
3.3.4T/P5 Driving through various situations
3.3.4T/P6 Choosing and shifting Lanes appropriately
3.3.4T/P7 Changing direction by turning
3.3.4T/P8 Making appropriate maneuvers
3.3.4T/P9 Meeting oncoming traffic
3.3.4T/P10 Driving in dark, dim and foggy conditions
3.3.5 EXAMINATION FOR LIGHT VEHICLE DRIVERS

The trainee shall be able to acquire a certificate of competence (CoC) for driving the professional class
category applied for under a driver mentor and subsequently be issued with a driving License.
Theory/Practice
3.3.5T/P0 Objective
By the end of this unit the trainee will be able to sit the theory and practical driving examination for the
professional class category applied.
Content
Responsible Driving test examiner
Where At the driving test center
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 TRAINING OF PROFESSIONAL LIGHT VEHICLE (PLV) DRIVERS
This License category shall apply to all persons employed as drivers of light vehicles and includes
chauffeurs and any other person employed professionally as a driver of a light vehicle.
4.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a PLV Driver
I. O level education or the equivalent.
II. Should be able to read and write in the official languages.
xxiv
III. Police clearance certificate.
IV. Minimum age of 22 years.
V. Previous driving experience of minimum 4 years.
VI. Certificate proving medical fitness obtained within the last 6 months.
VII. No previous criminal record over the last 24 months.
VIII. No previous dangerous driving offence over the last 24 months.
4.2 Units for PLV Drivers
This topic deals with parts of driver training that are valid for Professional Light Vehicle drivers.
i) Introduction to a PLV.
ii) Vehicle construction and controls.
iii) Self-Inspection of Vehicle.
iv) Observation.
v) Vehicle control.
vi) Communication on the Road.
vii) Speed management.
viii) Space Management.
ix) Emergency Maneuvers’.
x) Skid Control & Recovery.
xi) Adverse Driving Conditions.
xii) Preventive Maintenance.
xiii) Conditions of Carriage.
xiv) Hazardous Materials.
xv) Emergency procedure.
xvi) Work Planning.
xvii) Cargo Handling.
xviii)Customer Care.
xix) Driving on the Road (practical).
xx) Examination
4.3 Requirement for issuance of a PLV License
PLV License is categorized as a Professional Driver’s License (PDL)
i) Certificate of Competence (CoC) issued under this curriculum
ii) Certificate of membership of a professional drivers’ body approved by the Authority
4.4. Unit Summary and Time Allocation

Theor Practic Total
y e
4.4.1 Introduction to  Regulations governing operation of 2 0 2
PLV. PLV
 Requirements to obtain the driver
license
 The importance/role of the vehicle as
part of the national transportation
system
 The crash rate of the vehicle
4.4.2  Controls and instruments 1 5 6
xxv
Theor Practic Total
y e
Vehicle  Engine ignition, accelerator and
Construction and exhaust system
Controls.  Instruments and control lights
 Steering system
 Braking system
 Wheels, tyres and shock absorbers
 The body
 Special equipment, tools and
accessories; fire extinguisher
 Pre-trip inspection checks
4.4.3 Self- Inspection of  Systematically inspecting a Vehicle 1 1 2
vehicle. before driving.
 Post Trip inspections.
 Common vehicle anomalies during
long distance driving.
4.4.4 Observation.  Maintaining a 360 degree view of the 1.5 0.5 2
vehicle.
 Frontal and peripheral vision.
 Blind Spots.
 Scanning the environment.
 Hazard perception & recognition.
 Types and use of driving mirrors.
4.4.5 Vehicle Control.  Making the necessary safety 2 5 7
preparations.
 Controlling movements of the car.
 Basic principles of steering.
 Making the car move, accelerate and
stop smoothly.
 Operating the pedals with increased
precision and co-ordination.
 Changing gears while driving without
losing control.
-Procedure for shifting up and down
though gears.
-Double clutch and time shift process
-instruments and controls in gear
shifts
-transmissions shifting procedures
and patterns for conventional types
 Forward driving and turning.
xxvi
Theor Practic Total
y e
 Operating the steering wheel gently
 Performing turnings as normally
 Parking at Kerb.
 Make proper judgments of the
vehicle length and width
 Hard braking (emergency braking).
 Achieving optimum braking without
locking.
 U-turning and turning by forward and
reverse driving.
 Change direction of driving on the
road
 Backing and Reversing.
 Parking Maneuvers.
4.4.6 Communication  ‘‘Why Communicate?”. 2 0 2
on the Road.  Applying MSM technique (Mirror,
Signal, manouever).
 Hazard communication and signs.
 Decoding subtle signs and cues from
other drivers.
4.4.7 Speed  Impact of Speed on Road crashes and 4 1 5
Management. fatalities.
 Maintaining correct following
distance. (4 Second Rule)
 Calculating Stopping distance.
 Road surface condition and impact on
vehicle stopping.
 Braking Systems and techniques –
ABS, gears, Engine breaks and
retarders.
 Freewheeling risks.
 Correct cornering technique
 Centre of gravity.
 Shifting loads.
 Downhill driving.
 Relationship of Speed and visibility.
 Speed influence on traffic flow.
4.4.8 Space  The concept of space envelop 1 2 3
Management.  Techniques of space recovery
 Positioning to ‘see and be seen’.
4.4.9 Emergency  Optimizing Stopping distance. 3 0 3
Maneuvers.
xxvii
Theor Practic Total
y e
 Safely performing evasive turns on
the road.
 How to get off the road turns and
return safely.
 Handling brake failure and blow outs
 Making quick stops and turns.
4.4.10 Skid Control and  Causes of Skids 3 3 6
Recovery.  Aqua-planing.
 Front wheel skid and all wheel skid.
 Skid Recovery Procedure.
4.4.11 Adverse Driving  Night Driving 5 0 5
conditions. -Critical factors in night driving.
-Visibility and Conspicuity
 Extreme driving conditions
- Fog
- Windy condition
- Heavy rain
- Hot weather
4.4.12 Preventive  Defining Preventive 4 1 5

Maintenance. maintenance(PM)
 Kinds of PM
 Drivers Obligations.
 Trouble shooting, diagnostics and
reporting vehicle malfunctions.
4.4.13 Conditions of  Meaning and Importance of 5 0 5
Carriage. Conditions of carriage
 Laws and conditions governing
carriage of unaccompanied articles,
parcels and freight.
4.4.14 Hazardous  Definition and characteristics of 4 1 5
Materials. Hazardous vehicles.
 Hazmat endorsement framework.
 Classification of Hazardous Materials.
 Safe handling procedure in loading
and offloading.
 Requirements for Hazmat
transportation.
4.4.15 Emergency  Basic responsibilities at a Scene of 4 3 7
Procedures. crash.
 Safety precautions on crash Scene.
 Responding to vehicles fires.
 Spillage handling.
 Incident reporting procedure.
xxviii
Theor Practic Total
y e
 Basic First aid.
4.4.16 Work Planning.  Preparing Journey/Trip Plans. 3 2 5
 Legal limits on Duty hours /Driving
hours.
 Completing records of duty.
4.4.17 Cargo Handling.  Cargo Securement. 7 1 8
 Axle Weight distribution.
 Safe Loading and unloading.
 Legal aspects of loading ( EAC vehicle
axle load control act 2013, Traffic act
Cap 403)
 Cargo Documentation
- Terms and Definition.
-Cargo Movement documentation.
-Pickup and Delivery procedures.
 Security of Cargo
-Detecting and reporting a
suspicious activity at loading
points/dock and transit.
-DO and Don’ts of personal
security.
 Conditions of carriage for
unaccompanied parcels and freight.
4.4.18 Customer Care.  Communication skills 2 0 2
 handling customer expectations and
complaints
 Handling persons with special needs
and persons with disabilities
 Personal hygiene
 Sexual harassment and offences and
discrimination
4.4.19 Driving on the  Vehicle driving 0 24 24
Road.  Vehicle positioning
 Speed in different situations
 Hills and bends
 Driving through various situations
 Choosing and shifting lanes
appropriated
 Changing direction by turning.
 Making appropriate maneuvers.
 Driving in dark, dim and foggy
conditions.
xxix
Theor Practic Total
y e
 Defensive driving techniques.
- Observing others driver’s
behavior and attitude.
- Anti-carjacking techniques.
- Door and window management.
4.4.20 Examination of  Theory and Practical Exam 2 0.5 2.5
PLV Driver
Total 56.5 49 105.
5
4.4.1 INTRODUCTION TO A PLV

Theory
4.4.1T0 Specific Objective
The trainee will be able to demonstrate knowledge of regulation of PLV.
Content
4.4.1T1 Regulations governing operation of PLV
4.4.1T2 Requirements to obtain the driver License
4.4.1T3 Importance / role of the vehicle as a part of the national transportation system
4.4.1T4 Crash rate of the vehicle

Theory/Practice
4.4.2T/P0 Objective
Content
 engine,
 ignition,
 accelerator
 exhaust
4.4.2T/P3 Describe light vehicle accessories
xxx
4.4.2T/P4 Discuss the light vehicle system
 Steering system
 Braking system
 First Aid box
 Tool box
4.4.3 SELF –INSPECTION OF VEHICLE

The trainee should be able to perform Self Inspection of vehicle
Theory/Practice
4.4.3T/P0 Objective
a) Systematically inspect a Vehicle before driving.
b) Perform Post Trip inspections.
c) State common vehicle anomalies during long distance driving.
Content
4.4.3T/P1 systematically inspecting a vehicle before driving.
4.4.3 T/P2 Post Trip inspections.
4.4.3T/P3 Common vehicle anomalies during long distance driving.
4.4.4 OBSERVATION
The trainee should be able to correctly observe the driving environment
Theory/Practice
4.4.4 T/P0 Objective
a) Maintain a 360 degree view of the vehicle.
b) Describe Frontal and peripheral vision.
c) Point out Blind Spots.
d) Explain scanning the environment.
e) Demonstrate Hazard perception & recognition.
f) State types and use of driving mirrors
Content
4.4.4T/P1 Maintaining a 360 degree view of the vehicle.
4.4.4T/P2 Frontal and peripheral vision.
4.4.4T/P3 Blind Spots.
4.4.4T/P4 Scanning the environment.
4.4.4T/P5 Hazard perception & recognition.
xxxi
4.4.4 T/P6 Types and use of driving mirrors
4.4.5 VEHICLE CONTROL (Manoeuvre yard)

4.4.5c. Expected Outcome
a) prepare to drive
steering.
d) operate the pedals with increased precision and co-ordination, especially by combined
e) demonstrate gear changing techniques
f) demonstrate forward driving and turning
g) operate the steering wheel gently
h) perform turnings as normally occurring in traffic
i) demonstrate how to park along the kerb
j) make appropriate judgment of the vehicle length and width, the position of the wheels and the
k) perform hard braking (emergency braking)
l) carry out optimum braking without locking the wheels, losing steering control or stalling the engine.
m) perform different maneuvers
n) apply skills in change of direction
o) demonstrate skills in different kinds of parking
Content
4.4.5 T/P1 Driving preparation
4.4.5 T/P2 Necessary safety preparations for driving and get familiar with the names and positions of
4.4.5 T/P3 Car movement control
 Acceleration
4.4.5T/P5 Operating
the pedals with increased precision and co-ordination, especially by combined
correct course
xxxii
4.4.6 COMMUNICATION ON THE ROAD

The trainee should be able to correctly communicate on the road
Theory/Practice
Explain ‘‘Why Communicate?”.
Apply MSM technique (Mirror, Signal, manouever).
Describe Hazard communication and signs.
Decode subtle signs and cues from other drivers
Content
4.4.6T/P1 ‘‘Why Communicate?”.
4.4.6T/P2 MSM technique (Mirror, Signal, maneuver).
4.4.6T/P3 Hazard communication and signs.
4.4.6T/P4 Decoding subtle signs and cues from other drivers
4.4.7 SPEED MANAGEMENT

The trainee should be able to correctly adopt speed to road condition.
Theory/Practice
a) Explain the impact of Speed on Road crashes and fatalities.
b) Demonstrate how to maintain correct following distance. (4 Second Rule)
c) Calculate Stopping distance.
d) Describe Road surface condition and its impact on vehicle stopping distance.
e) State Braking Systems and techniques.
f) Explain freewheeling risks.
g) Demonstrate correct cornering technique
h) Explain the center of gravity and its impact on vehicle stability
i) Discuss shifting loads.
j) Demonstrate downhill driving.
Content
4.4.7 T/P1 Impact of Speed on Road crashes and fatalities.
4.4.7 T/P2 Maintaining correct following distance. (4 Second Rule)
4.4.7 T/P3 Calculating Stopping distance.
4.4.7. T/P4 Road surface condition and impact on vehicle stopping.
4.4.7 T/P5 Braking Systems and techniques – ABS, gears, Engine breaks and retarders.
4.47 T/P6 Freewheeling risks.
4.4.7 T/P7 Correct cornering technique
4.4.7 T/P8 Centre of gravity.
4.4.7 T/P9 Shifting loads.
4.4.7T/P10 downhill driving.
4.4.8 SPACE MANAGEMENT
xxxiii
The trainee should be able to correctly maintain a space envelop
Theory/Practice
a) Explain the concept of space envelop
b) Demonstrate the techniques of space recovery
c) Position vehicle to ‘see and be seen’.
Content
4.4.8 T/P1 The concept of space envelop
4.4.8 T/P2 Techniques of space recovery
4.4.8 T/P3 Positioning to ‘see and be seen’.
4.4.9 EMERGENCY MANOUEVERS

The trainee should be able to correctly perform emergency manoeuvres
Theory/Practice
a) Optimize stopping distance.
b) Safely perform evasive turns on the road.
c) Demonstrate how to get off the road turns and return safely.
d) Handle brake failure and blow outs
e) Make quick stops and turns.
Content
4.4.9 T/P1 Optimizing Stopping distance.
4.4.9 T/P2 Safely performing evasive turns on the road.
4.4.9 T/P3 How to get off the road turns and return safely.
4.4.9 T/P4 Handling brake failure and blow outs
4.4.9 T/P5 Making quick stops and turns.
4.4.10 SKID CONTROL AND RECOVERY

The trainee should be able to correctly perform skid control and recovery
Theory/Practice
a) Explain causes of Skids
b) Describe Aqua-planing.
c) Front wheel skid and all wheel skid.
d) Demonstrate Skid Recovery Procedure
Content
4.4.10 T/P1 Causes of Skids
4.4.10 T/P2 Aqua-planing.
4.4.10 T/P3 Front wheel skid and all wheel skid.
4.4.10 T/P4 Skid Recovery Procedure
4.4.11 ADVERSE DRIVING CONDITIONS
xxxiv
The trainee should be able to correctly drive in adverse conditions
Theory/Practice
a) Explain Night Driving
-Critical factors in night driving.
b) Extreme driving conditions
- Fog
- Windy condition
- Heavy rain
- Hot weather
Content
4.4.11 T/P1 Night Driving
4.4.11 T/P2 Extreme driving conditions
- Fog
- Windy condition
- Heavy rain
- Hot weather
4.4.12 PREVENTIVE MAINTAINANCE

The trainee should be able to influence preventive maintenance of vehicle
Theory/Practice
a) Define Preventive maintenance (PM)
b) State kinds of PM.
c) Discuss Drivers Obligations.
d) Trouble shoot, perform diagnostics and report vehicle malfunctions.
Content
4.4.12 T/P1 Defining Preventive maintenance (PM)
4.4.12 T/P2 Kinds of PM.
4.4.12 T/P3 Driver’s Obligations.
4.4.12 T/P4 Trouble shooting, diagnostics and reporting vehicle malfunctions.
4.4.13 CONDITIONS OF CARRIAGE

The trainee should be able to comply with conditions of carriage.
Theory/Practice
a) Define Conditions of carriage
b) Explain importance of Conditions of carriage
xxxv
c) Outline the Laws and conditions governing carriage of unaccompanied articles, parcels and
freight.
Content
4.4.13 T/P1 Meaning of Conditions of carriage
4.4.13 T/P2 Importance of Conditions of carriage
4.4.13 T/P3 Laws and conditions governing carriage of unaccompanied articles, parcels and freight.
4.4.14 HARZADOUS MATERIALS

The trainee should be able to safely handle and transport hazardous materials
Theory/Practice
a) Define characteristics of Hazardous goods.
b) Explain Hazmat endorsement framework.
c) Outline Classification of Hazardous Materials.
d) Discuss Safe handling procedure in loading and offloading.
e) Point out requirements for Hazmat transportation
Content
4.4.14 T/P1 Characteristics of Hazardous goods.
4.4.14 T/P2 Hazmat endorsement framework.
4.4.14 T/P3 Classification of Hazardous Materials.
4.4.14 T/P4 Safe handling procedure in loading and offloading.
4.4.14 T/P5 Requirements for Hazmat transportation.
4.4.15 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

The trainee should be able to perform emergency procedures.
Theory/Practice
a) Outline basic responsibilities at a scene of crash.
b) Explain Safety precautions on crash Scene.
c) Explain how to respond to vehicles fires.
d) Describe Spillage handling procedure.
e) Explain Incident reporting procedure.
f) Demonstrate basic First aid .
Content
4.4.15 T/P1 Basic responsibilities at a scene of crash.
4.4.15 T/P2 Safety precautions on crash Scene.
4.4.15 T/P3 Responding to vehicles fires.
4.4.15 T/P4 Spillage handling.
4.4.15 T/P5 Incident reporting procedure.
4.4.15 T/P6 Basic First aid.
4.4.16 WORK PLANNING

The trainee should be able to safely plan work.
xxxvi
Theory/Practice
a) Prepare a Journey/Trip Plan.

b) Explain Legal limits on Duty hours /Driving hours.
c) Completing records of duty/Work Tickets/Trip cards.
Content
4.4.16 T/P1 Preparing Journey/Trip Plans.
4.4.16 T/P2 Legal limits on Duty hours /Driving hours.
4.4.17 T/P2 Completing records of duty.
4.4.17 CARGO HANDLING

The trainee should be able to handle cargo correctly.
Theory/Practice
a) Explain Cargo Securement.
b) Discuss Axle Weight distribution.
c) Outline Safe Loading and unloading procedure
d) Point out Legal aspects of loading ( EAC vehicle axle load control act 2013, Traffic act Cap
403)
e) Discuss Cargo Documentation
f) Explain Security of Cargo
-Detecting and reporting a suspicious activity at loading points/dock and transit.
-DO and Don’ts of personal security.
g) Discuss Conditions of carriage for unaccompanied parcels and freight
Content
4.4.17 T/P1 Cargo Securement.
4.4.17 T/P2 Axle Weight distribution.
4.4.17 T/P3 Safe Loading and unloading.
4.4.17 T/P4 Legal aspects of loading ( EAC vehicle axle load control act 2013, Traffic act Cap 403)
4.4.17 T/P5 Cargo Documentation
4.4.17 T/P6 Security of Cargo
4.4.17 T/P7 Conditions of carriage for unaccompanied parcels and freight
4.4.18 CUSTOMER CARE

The trainee should be able to handle customers with care
xxxvii
Theory/Practice
a) apply excellent communication skills at the workplace
b) handle customer expectations and complaints competently
c) handle persons with special needs appropriately
d) practice personal hygiene
e) avoid incidences of sexual harassment and any form of discrimination
f) apply time and stress management skills
Content
4.4.18 T/P1 Communication skills
4.4.18 T/P2 handling customer expectations and complaints
4.4.18 T/P3 Handling persons with special needs and persons with disabilities
4.4.18 T/P4 Personal hygiene
4.4.18 T/P5 Sexual harassment and offences and discrimination
4.4.18 T/P6 Time and Stress management
4.4.19c Expected outcome
The trainee will be able to drive in a defensive manner on the road to minimize the chances of a road
crash
Practical
4.4.19P0 Objective
By the end of this unit, the learner driver should be able to;
a) demonstrate vehicle driving
b) demonstrate correct vehicle positioning
c) Apply Speed in different situations
d) Perform Hills and bends driving
e) Demonstrate Driving through various situations
f) Demonstrate Choosing and shifting lanes appropriated
g) Perform changing direction by turning.
h) Make appropriate maneuvers.
i) Meet oncoming traffic.
j) Demonstrate driving in dark, dim and foggy conditions
k) apply defensive driving techniques
l) practice appropriate anti carjacking techniques
Content
4.4.19 P1 Vehicle driving
4.4.19 P2 Vehicle positioning
4.4.19 P3 Speed in different situations
4.4.19 P4 Hills and bends
4.4.19 P5 Driving through various situations
4.4.19 P6 Choosing and shifting lanes appropriated
4.4.19 P7 Changing direction by turning.
4.4.19 P8 Making appropriate maneuvers.
4.4.19 P9 Meeting oncoming traffic.
4.4.19 P10 Driving in dark, dim and foggy conditions.
4.4.19P11 Defensive driving techniques
 Driver behavior and attitude
xxxviii
 Driver conditions and environment
 Basic road courtesy
4.4.19 P12 Anti-carjacking techniques
 Door and window management
 Safe parking
 Suspicious characters
WhereAt the driving test center
4.4.8 EXAMINATION FOR PROFESSIONAL LIGHT VEHICLE

category applied for under a driver mentor and subsequently be issued with a provisional SPDL valid for
6 months.
Theory/Practice
4.4.8T/P0 Objective
By the end of the unit the trainee will be able to pass the theory and practical driving examination for
the professional class category applied.
Content
Where At the driving test centre
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 TRAINING OF PSV DRIVERS
5.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a Public Service Vehicle Driver
i) Standard eight level of education or the equivalent.
ii) Should be able to read and write in the official languages.
iii) Police clearance certificate.
iv) Minimum age of 22 years for public service vehicles not exceeding 14 seats
v) Driving experience of at least 4 years.
vi) Certificate proving medical fitness obtained within the last 6 months.
vii) No previous dangerous driving offence over the last 24 months.
5.2 Conditions for Upgrading to a higher capacity PSV
To obtain a License to drive a higher capacity PSV, the following conditions must be met;
i) Minimum of 25 years age for PSV of between 15- 33 seats and previous 3 years driving
experience of PSV not exceeding 14 seats.
ii) Minimum of 30 years age for PSV of 33 seats and above, and previous 4 years driving experience
of 15- 33 seater PSV.
iii) Re- testing on both theory and practical.
xxxix
5.3 Units for PSV Learner Drivers
This topic deals with parts of driver training that are valid for Public Service Vehicles.
i. Introduction to a PSV.
ii. Vehicle construction and controls.
iii. Self-Inspection of Vehicle.
iv. Observation.
v. Vehicle control.
vi. Communication on the Road.
vii. Speed management.
viii. Space Management.
ix. Emergency Maneuvers’.
x. Skid Control & Recovery.
xi. Adverse Driving Conditions.
xii. Preventive Maintenance.
xiii. Conditions of Carriage.
xiv. Hazardous Materials.
xv. Emergency procedure.
xvi. Work Planning.
xvii. Cargo Handling.
xviii. Customer Care.
xix. Driving on the Road (practical).
xx. Examination
5.4 Requirement for issuance of an PSV License

PSV License is categorized as a Professional Driver’s License (PDL)
i. Certificate of Competence (CoC) issued under this curriculum.
ii. Certificate of membership of a professional drivers’ body approved by the Authority
Theor Practic Total
y e
PSV. PSV.
license.
system .
Construction and  Engine ignition, accelerator and
Controls. exhaust system
 Instruments and control lights
 Steering system
 Braking system
xl
Theor Practic Total
y e
 The body
vehicle.
 Blind Spots.
preparations.
stop smoothly.
losing control.
though gears.
shifts
xli
Theor Practic Total
y e
locking.
reverse driving.
road
Signal, manouever).
other drivers.
vehicle stopping.
retarders.
 Shifting loads.
Maneuvers.  Safely performing evasive turns on
the road.
return safely.
xlii
Theor Practic Total
y e
 Front wheel skid and all wheel skid.
- Fog
- Windy condition
- Heavy rain
- Hot weather

 Kinds of PM
and offloading.
transportation.
Procedures. crash.
hours.
xliii
Theor Practic Total
y e
Cap 403)
security.
complaints
discrimination
 Hills and bends
appropriated
conditions.
5.4.20 Examination of  Theory and Practical Exam 2 0.5 2.5
PSV Driver
xliv
Theor Practic Total
y e
Total 56.5 49 105.
5
5.5.1 INTRODUCTION TO A PSV

Theory
5.5.1T0 Specific Objective
The trainee will be able to demonstrate knowledge of regulation of PSV.
Content
5.5.1T1 Regulations governing operation of PSV.
5.5.1T3 Importance / role of the vehicle as a part of the national transportation system

Theory/Practice
5.5.2T/P0 Objective
Content
 Engine
 Ignition
 Accelerator
 Exhaust
5.5 2T/P3 Describe light vehicle accessories
5.5.2T/P4 Discuss the light vehicle system transmission
 Steering system
 Braking system
.5.2T/P5 Lights and reflectors
xlv
 First Aid box
 Tool box

Theory/Practice
5.4.3T/P0 Objective
Content
5.4.4 OBSERVATION
Theory/Practice
Content

a) prepare to drive
xlvi
steering.
l) carry out optimum braking without locking the wheels, losing steering control or stalling the
engine.
Content
5.4.5 T/P3 Car movement control
 Acceleration
5.4.5T/P5 Operating
correct course

Theory/Practice
xlvii
a. Explain ‘‘Why Communicate?”.
b. Apply MSM technique (Mirror, Signal, manouever).
c. Describe Hazard communication and signs.
d. Decode subtle signs and cues from other drivers
Content

Theory/Practice
e) State Braking Systems and techniques.
Content
5.4.7.T/P4 Road surface condition and impact on vehicle stopping.
5.4.7 T/P6 Freewheeling risks.

Theory/Practice
xlviii
Content
5.4.8 T/P3 Positioning to be ‘see and be seen’.

The trainee should be able to correctly perform emergency maneuvers
Theory/Practice

Content

Theory/Practice
a. Explain causes of Skids
b. Describe Aqua-planing.
c. Front wheel skid and all wheel skid.
d. Demonstrate Skid Recovery Procedure
Content
5.4.10 T/P3 Front wheel skid and all wheel skid.

Theory/Practice
xlix
- Fog
- Windy condition
- Heavy rain
- Hot weather
Content
- Fog
- Windy condition
- Heavy rain
- Hot weather

Theory/Practice
Content

Theory/Practice
freight.
Content
l
Theory/Practice
Content

Theory/Practice
f) Demonstrate basic First aid .
Content

Theory/Practice
Content
li

Theory/Practice
d) Point out Legal aspects of loading ( EAC vehicle axle load control act 2013, Traffic act Cap
403)
f) Explain Security of Cargo
g) Discuss Conditions of carriage for unaccompanied parcels and freight
Content

Theory/Practice
lii
Content

crash
Practical
5.4.19P0 Objective
a. demonstrate vehicle driving
b. demonstrate correct vehicle positioning
c. Apply Speed in different situations
d. Perform Hills and bends driving
e. Demonstrate Driving through various situations
f. Demonstrate Choosing and shifting lanes appropriated
g. Perform changing direction by turning.
h. Make appropriate maneuvers.
i. Meet oncoming traffic.
j. Demonstrate driving in dark, dim and foggy conditions
k. apply defensive driving techniques
l. practice appropriate anti carjacking techniques
Content
 Safe parking
liii
5.5.20 EXAMINATION FOR PSVS

6 months.
Theory/Practice
Content
5.5.208T/P1 Theory and practical exam.
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 TRAINING OF MOTOR CYCLE TAXI AND THREE WHEELER DRIVERS
6.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a motorcycle rider
i) Standard eight level of education or the equivalent.
ii) Minimum age of 18 years.
iii) Police clearance certificate (for motorcycle taxi).
iv) No record of dangerous driving offence over the last 24 months.
v) Medical test certificate obtained within the last 6 months.
6.2 Units for Motor Cycle Learner Riders
This passage deals with parts of rider training that are valid for riders only.
described above, depending on content area and the situations to cope with. The topics in this passage
are grouped into the following parts;
i) Introduction to motorcycles
ii) Motorcycle parts and controls
iii) Basic Motorcycle Control ((Maneuver yard))
iv) Riding on the Road (practical)
6.3 Requirement for issuance of a Motorcycle PSV License.
A motorcycle PSV License is categorized as a Professional Driver’s License (PDL)
i) Certificate of Competence (CoC) issued under this curriculum.
ii) Certificate of membership of a professional drivers’ body approved by the Authority.
liv
6.4.1 Introduction to  Importance/Role of the motorcycle 2 0 2
Motorcycle taxis and taxi and three wheelers as a part
three wheelers of the national transportation
system
 Characteristics of the motorcycle
taxi in traffic/on the road
 Crash rate of the motorcycle taxi
 Categories of motorcycle
 Requirements to obtain the rider’s
license
6.4.2 Motorcycle Parts and  Proper use of protective gear for 2 1 3
Controls the motorcyclists including proper
fastening of helmets
 Proper way to carry passengers
and goods
 Controls
 Instruments an control lights
 Engine, ignition, accelerator and
exhaust system
 Steering system
 Brake system
 The body
 Rider’s gear
 Legal requirements
6.6.3 Basic Motorcycle  Preparations for riding – stability 1 5 6
Riding (Manoeuvre  Controlling movements of the
yard) motorcycle
 Forward riding and turning operate
the steering wheel
 Perform turnings as normally
occurring in traffic
 Make proper judgements of the
length and width of the motorcycle
(sizing), the position of the wheels
roadside
 Hard braking (emergency)
 U-turning and turning by forward
and reverse riding
lv
 Changing direction of driving on
the road, safely depending on
conditions
 Parking in different kinds of
parking spaces to be able to
perform different parking
 make the necessary safety
preparations for riding
6.6.4 Riding on the Road  Moving off, driving ahead, 0 15 15
(Practical) stopping
environments
situations depending on
circumstances
 Hill riding
 Riding through bends
 Approaching and passing Railway
Crossing
 Lane shift and choice of lanes
 Turning in order to ride in opposite
direction
 Passing stationary vehicles and
pedestrians
 Riding ahead of or behind other
road users
 Overtaking
junctions with or without
restricted view
 Riding in dark and dim lighting
 Riding side by side
 Approaching riding in and leaving
roundabouts
 Parking and stopping
6.6.5 Customer Care  Communication skills 2 0 2
 Handling customer expectations
and complaints
 Handling persons with special
needs
 Sexual harassment and offences
lvi
6.6.6 Introduction to  Main objective of defensive driving 4 4 8
Defensive Driving  Maintain safe distance
 Competitive driving
 Defensive driving techniques
 Recognizing hazards
 Anticipating special road
conditions
 Anticipating range of pedestrians
 Manoeuvring out of clusters
6.6.7 Riding on the Road  Defensive driving techniques 2 0.5 2.5
(Practical)  Appropriate anti carjacking
techniques
6.6.8 Examination  Theory and practical exam 2 0.5 2.5
Motorcycle taxi and
three wheelers
Total 13 25.5 38.5
6.6.1 INTRODUCTION TO MOTORCYCLE TAXI AND THREE WHEELERS

Theory/Practice
6.6.1T/P0 Objective
The learner rider will be able to understand the category of motorcycle construction and controls,
controlling the motorcycle and riding on the road.
Content
6.6.1T/P1 Importance / role of the motorcycle as a part of the national transportation system
6.6.1T/P2 Characteristics of the motorcycle in traffic / on the road
6.6.1T/P3 Crash rate of the motorcycle
6.6.1T/P4 Categories of motorcycles
6.6.1T/P5 Requirements to obtain the rider’s License
6.6.2 MOTORCYCLE PARTS AND CONTROLS

Theory/Practice
6.6.2T/P0 Objective
a. The learner rider will be able to understand the construction and controls of the vehicle such that it
will facilitate the learning of correct and careful operation and safe performance of the various
maneuvers later on the road.
b. The learner rider will be familiar with the safety requirements of the components of the vehicle to
such an extent that he or she is able to check for deficiencies or defects important for road safety.
The learner rider will therefore be able to;
c. point out and name the important parts, instruments and controls
d. read and explain the meaning of the instruments and control lights
e. state legal requirements for equipment, when applicable
f. know the general principles about how the main components/systems works
g. state the content of the safety requirements
h. Check that the safety requirements are satisfied.
i. Know about signs of and reasons for defects of the safety of the vehicle.
lvii
j. Know about safety as a critical component of the motorcycle.
Content
6.6.2T/P1 Proper use of protective gear for the motorcyclists- Including proper fastening of
helmets
6.6.2T/P2 Proper way to carry passengers and goods
6.6.2T/P3 Controls
6.6.2T/P4 Instruments and control lights
6.6.2T/P5 Engine, ignition, accelerator and exhaust system
6.6.2T/P6 Transmission system
6.6.2T/P7 Steering system
6.6.2T/P7 Brake system
6.6.2T/P10 Wheels, tyres and shock absorbers
6.6.2T/P11 The Motorcycle body
6.6.2T/P12 Rider’s gear
6.6.2T/P13 Legal requirements
6.6.3 BASIC MOTORCYCLE RIDING

Theory/Practice
a) To bring the learner rider, in a (Maneuver yard), up to such a level in riding skills that he is able to
control the motorcycle in all maneuvers automatically, at low and moderate speed.
b) To be able to make the motorcycle move, accelerate and stop smoothly and without stalling the
engine
c) To be able to operate the pedals with increased precision and co-ordination, especially by
combined clutch/accelerator and clutch/brake
Content
6.6.3T/P1 Preparations for riding- stability
6.6.3T/P2 Controlling movements of the motorcycle by co-coordinating pedal activities, changing
gears and steering
6.6.3T/P3 Forward riding and turning
6.6.3T/P4 Operate the steering wheel gently, get the motorcycle in right direction and keep the
motorcycle on fairly correct course
6.6.3T/P5 Perform turnings as normally occurring in traffic
6.6.3T/P6 Make proper judgments of the length and width of the motorcycle (sizing), the position
of the wheels and the longitudinal direction of the car in relation to the roadside
6.6.3T/P7 Hard braking (emergency braking)-Achieve optimum braking without locking the
wheels, losing steering control or stalling the engine.
6.6.3T/P8 U-turning and turning by forward and reverse riding
6.6.3T/P9 Changing direction of driving on the road, safely depending on conditions
6.6.3T/P10 Parking in different kinds of parking spaces-To be able to perform different parking
6.1.3T/P11 Make the necessary safety preparations for riding and get familiar with the names and
positions of controls and instruments

The trainee should be able to ride a motorcycle on the road
Theory/Practice
lviii
a) Start off, ride ahead, and stop.
b) Position self in different environments.
c) Choose the appropriate speed in different situations.
d) Ride on a hill.
e) Ride through bends.
f) Approach and cross railways.
g) Choose and shift lanes.
h) Turn and ride in opposite direction.
i) Pass stationary vehicles and pedestrians.
j) Meet oncoming traffic.
k) Ride ahead or behind other road-users.
l) overtake
m) Approach different kinds of junctions, with or without signals and with or without restricted view
n) Ride in different kinds of junctions (straight through or turning left or right), with or without signals
and with or without obligation to give right-of-way
o) Ride in dark and dim lighting
p) ride side by side
q) Approach, ride in and leave roundabouts.
r) stop and park
Content
6.6.4T/P1 Starting off, driving ahead, stopping
6.6.4T/P2 Position in different environments
6.6.4T/P3 Speed choice in different situations
6.6.4T/P4 Hill riding
6.6.4T/P5 Bends
6.6.4T/P6 Railway Crossings
6.6.4T/P7 Lanes choice and change
6.6.4T/P8 Direction change
6.6.4T/P9 Stationary vehicles and pedestrian overtaking
6.6.4T/P10 Oncoming traffic
6.6.4T/P11 Multiple road-users
6.6.4T/P12 Overtaking.
6.6.4T/P13 Junctions, with or without signals and with or without restricted view
6.6.4T/P14 Junctions (straight through, left or right turn), with or without signals and with or without
obligation to give right-of-way
6.4T/P15 Dark and dim lighting
6.6.4T/P16 Side by side riding
6.6.4T/P17 Roundabouts
6.6.4T/P18 Parking
6.6.5 CUSTOMER CARE

The trainee shall be able to acquire superior customer care skills, knowledge and attitudes
Theory
6.6.5T0 Objective
lix
Content
6.6.5T1 Communication skills
6.6.5.6T2 Customer expectations and complaints
6.6.5.7T3 Persons with special needs
6.6.5.8T4 Personal hygiene and presentation
6.6.5.9T5 Sexual harassment and offences
6.6.5.10T6 Time and Stress management
6.6.6 INTRODUCTION TO DEFENSIVE DRIVING
The trainee should be able to appreciate the basics of defensive driving
Theory/Practice
a) define the term defensive driving
b) discuss the importance of learning defensive driving
c) explain the purpose of maintaining a safe distance
d) explain competitive driving
e) apply defensive driving techniques
f) recognize moving and stationary hazards
g) anticipate special road conditions
h) anticipate range of pedestrians
i) manouever out of traffic clusters
Content
6.6.6T/P1 Introduction to defensive driving
6.6.6T/P2 Main objectives of defensive driving
6.6.6T/P3 Safe distance
6.6.6T/P4 Competitive driving
6.6.6T/P5 Defensive driving techniques
6.6.6T/P6 Moving and stationary hazards
6.6.6T/P7 Special road conditions
 Foggy weather
 Falling rocks
 Slippery surface
 Road under construction
 Meandering terrains
 Dusty roads
 Glaring sun
6.6.6T/P8 Pedestrians range
6.6.6T/P9 manoeuvring out of traffic clusters
lx
crash
Practical
6.6.7P0 Objective
a) Apply defensive driving techniques
b) Practice appropriate anti carjacking techniques
Content
6.6.7P2 Appropriate anti-hijacking techniques
Practical exam
6.6.8 EXAMINATION FOR MOTORCYCLE TAXI AND THREE WHEELERS

6 months.
Theory/Practice
6.6.8T/P0 Objective
Content
CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0 TRAINING OF TRUCK DRIVERS

7.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a Light Goods Vehicle Driver
i) Standard eight level of education.
ii) Must be able to read and write in the official languages.
iii) Minimum age of 22 years.
iv) Minimum 4 years driving experience.
v) No previous dangerous driving offence over the last 24 months.
vi) Police clearance certificate.
vii) Medical test certification obtained within the last 6 months.
lxi
7.2. Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as a Medium Goods Vehicle Driver
i) Standard eight level of education
iii) Minimum age of 24 years for light truck and 4 years driving experience
iv) No previous dangerous driving offence over the last 24 months.
v) Police clearance certificate.
vi) Medical test certification obtained within the last 6 months.
7.3 Conditions for upgrading to a higher capacity HGV

To obtain a License to drive a higher capacity HGV, the following conditions must be met:
i) Minimum age of 24 years for medium truck and previous driving experience of 2 years of
the light or medium truck.
ii) Minimum age of 28 years and at least 4 years driving experience of the medium truck.
iii) Minimum age of 30 years for Special HGV (Hazardous goods)
iv) Train on Unit 25 for Special HGV(hazardous goods)
v) Re- testing on both theory and practical.
7.4 Units for truck drivers

i) Introduction to Driving Trucks
ii) Vehicle construction and controls.
iii) Self-Inspection of Vehicle.
iv) Observation.
v) Vehicle control.
vi) Communication on the Road.
vii) Speed management.
viii) Space Management.
ix) Emergency Maneuvers’.
x) Skid Control & Recovery.
xi) Adverse Driving Conditions.
xii) Preventive Maintenance.
xiii) Conditions of Carriage.
xiv) Hazardous Materials.
xv) Emergency procedure.
xvi) Work Planning.
xvii) Cargo Handling.
xviii)Customer Care.
xix) Driving on the Road (practical).
xx) Examination
7.5 Requirement for issuance of an HGV License
HGV License is categorized as a Professional Driver’s License (PDL)
ii) Certificate of membership of a professional drivers’ body approved by the Authority.
lxii
Theor Practic Total
y e
HGV. Heavy Goods Vehicles.
license
system
7.4.2  Controls and instruments 1 5 6
Vehicle  Engine ignition, accelerator and
Construction and exhaust system
Controls.  Instruments and control lights
 Steering system
 Braking system
 The body
vehicle.
 Blind Spots.
preparations.
stop smoothly.
lxiii
Theor Practic Total
y e
losing control.
though gears.
shifts
locking.
reverse driving.
road
Signal, manouever).
other drivers.
vehicle stopping.
retarders.
lxiv
Theor Practic Total
y e
 Shifting loads.
the road.
return safely.
 Trailer Jacknife, tractor Jacknife front
wheel skid and all wheel skid.
- Fog
- Windy condition
- Heavy rain
- Hot weather

 Kinds of PM
lxv
Theor Practic Total
y e
and offloading.
transportation.
Procedures. crash.
hours.
Cap 403)
security.
complaints
discrimination
lxvi
Theor Practic Total
y e
 Hills and bends
appropriated
conditions.
7.4.20 Examination  Theory and Practical Exam 2 0.5 2.5
Total 56.5 49 105.
5
7.7.1 INTRODUCTION TO TRUCK

The trainee should be able to know about HGV
Theory
7.7.1T0 Objective
By the end of the unit the trainee will be able to:
a) Demonstrate knowledge and regulation of HGV
b) Outline the requirements to obtain the License
c) Explain the importance of the vehicle as a part of the public transportation system
d) Know the crash rate of the vehicle
Content
7.7.1T1 Regulations governing operation of HGV
7.7.1T3 Importance / role of the vehicle as a part of the national transportation system.

Theory/Practice
7.7.2T/P0 Objective
a) describe controls and instruments as used in trucks
lxvii
b) discuss the components of a truck
c) describe accessories of a truck
d) discuss the truck system.
f) explain wheels and tyres
g) describe the truck’ body and point out blind spots
Content
7.7.2T/P2 Discuss the following components of truck.
 Engine
 Ignition,
 Accelerator
 Exhaust
5.2 2T/P3 Describe trucks’ accessories
 Engine Brakes.
 Retarders.
7.7.2T/P4 Discuss the vehicle system
 Braking system
7.7.2T/P7 vehicle body
 First Aid box
 Tool box

Theory/Practice
7.4.3T/P0 Objective
Content
lxviii
7.4.4 OBSERVATION
Theory/Practice
Content

a. prepare to drive
b. describe the necessary safety preparations for driving
c. be able to control the movement of the car by co-coordinating pedal activities, changing gears and
steering.
d. operate the pedals with increased precision and co-ordination, especially by combined
e. demonstrate gear changing techniques
f. demonstrate forward driving and turning
g. operate the steering wheel gently
h. perform turnings as normally occurring in traffic
i. demonstrate how to park along the kerb
j. make appropriate judgment of the vehicle length and width, the position of the wheels and the
k. perform hard braking (emergency braking)
l. carry out optimum braking without locking the wheels, losing steering control or stalling the
engine.
m. perform different maneuvers
n. apply skills in change of direction
o. demonstrate skills in different kinds of parking
Content
lxix
7.4.5 T/P3 Truck movement control
7.4.5T/P4 Truck movement
 Acceleration
7.4.5T/P5 Operating
correct course

Theory/Practice
a) Explain ‘‘Why Communicate?”.
b) Apply MSM technique (Mirror, Signal, manouever).
c) Describe Hazard communication and signs.
d) Decode subtle signs and cues from other drivers
Content

Theory/Practice
lxx
e) State Braking Systems and techniques – ABS, gears, Engine breaks and retarders.
Content

Theory/Practice
Content

The trainee should be able to correctly perform emergency manoeuvres
Theory/Practice
Content
lxxi

Theory/Practice
c) Explain Trailer Jacknife, tractor Jacknife front wheel skid and all wheel skid.
Content
7.4.10 T/P3 Trailer Jacknife, tractor Jacknife front wheel skid and all wheel skid.

Theory/Practice
- Fog
- Windy condition
- Heavy rain
- Hot weather
Content
- Fog
- Windy condition
- Heavy rain
- Hot weather

Theory/Practice
lxxii
Content

Theory/Practice
c) Outline the Laws and conditions governing carriage of unaccompanied articles, parcels and freight.
Content

Theory/Practice
Content

Theory/Practice
lxxiii
f) Demonstrate basic First aid.
Content

Theory/Practice
Content

Theory/Practice
d) Point out Legal aspects of loading ( EAC vehicle axle load control act 2013, Traffic act Cap 403)
f) Terms and Definition.
i. -Cargo Movement documentation.
ii. -Pickup and Delivery procedures.
g) Explain Security of Cargo
i. -Detecting and reporting a suspicious activity at loading points/dock and transit.
ii. -DO and Don’ts of personal security.
h) Discuss Conditions of carriage for unaccompanied parcels and freight
lxxiv
Content

Theory/Practice
Content

crash
Practical
7.4.19P0 Objective
lxxv
Content
 Safe parking
7.7.20 EXAMINATION FOR TRUCK DRIVERS

6 months.
Theory/Practice
Content
lxxvi
CHAPTER EIGHT
8.0 TRAINING OF SPECIAL PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS License (SPDL)
The SPDL (Class E) shall be issued under three classes:
a) Category C- Medium Truck ( EC)
b) Category CE- Heavy Truck with trailer(ECE)
c) Category D (D, D1 and D2) ( ED/ED1/ED2)
8.1 Minimum Requirements for enrolment to SPDL course
a) Minimum O-level education
b) Attendance of a minimum 2-year Certificate course.
c) Must be able to read and write in the official languages.
d) Minimum age of 21 years.
e) Must possess a Valid driving License
f) No previous dangerous driving offence over the last 24 months.
g) Police clearance certificate
h) Medical test certification obtained within the last 6 months
8.2 Units for SPDL course.
a) Introduction to Driving Trucks
b) Vehicle construction and controls.
c) Self-Inspection of Vehicle.
d) Observation.
e) Vehicle control.
f) Communication on the Road.
g) Speed management.
h) Space Management.
i) Emergency Maneuvers’.
j) Skid Control & Recovery.
k) Adverse Driving Conditions.
l) Preventive Maintenance.
m) Conditions of Carriage.
n) Hazardous Materials.
o) Emergency procedure.
p) Work Planning.
q) Cargo Handling.
r) Customer Care.
s) Driving on the Road (practical).
t) Preliminary Examination
u) Driving Practice & Final Evaluation.
8.3 Requirement for issuance of an SPDL License
SPDL License is categorized as a Professional Driver’s License (PDL)
ii) Driving Practice Assessment Report by an approved driver mentor, signed off by a
competent examiner.
iii) Certificate of membership of a professional drivers’ body approved by the Authority.
lxxvii

Theor Practic Total
y e
HGV. Heavy Goods Vehicles.
license
system
Construction and  Engine ignition, accelerator and
Controls. exhaust system
 Instruments and control lights
 Steering system
 Braking system
 The body
vehicle.
 Blind Spots.
preparations.
stop smoothly.
lxxviii
Theor Practic Total
y e
losing control.
though gears.
shifts
locking.
reverse driving.
road
Signal, manouever).
other drivers.
vehicle stopping.
retarders.
lxxix
Theor Practic Total
y e
 Shifting loads.
the road.
return safely.
 Trailer Jacknife, tractor Jacknife front
wheel skid and all wheel skid.
- Fog
- Windy condition
- Heavy rain
- Hot weather

 Kinds of PM
lxxx
Theor Practic Total
y e
and offloading.
transportation.
Procedures. crash.
hours.
Cap 403)
security.
complaints
discrimination
lxxxi
Theor Practic Total
y e
 Hills and bends
appropriated
conditions.
8.4.20 Examination  Theory and Practical Exam 2 0.5 2.5
8.4.21 Driving Practice 0 480 480
Total 56.5 529 585.
5
8.4.1 INTRODUCTION TO SPDL

The trainee will be able to demonstrate knowledge and regulation of HGV and PSV’s
Theory
8.4.1T0 Objective
a) Discuss the regulations governing operation of HGV and PSVs
b) Outline the requirements to obtain the driver License
c) Discuss the role of the vehicle as a part of the national transportation system.
d) Describe the crash rate of the vehicle
Content
8.4.1T1 Regulations governing operation of HGV and PSVs
8.4.1T3 Role of the vehicle as a part of the national transportation system.

Theory/Practice
8.4.2T/P0 Objective
lxxxii
a) Describe controls and instruments as used in vehicles
b) Discuss the components of a vehicle
c) Describe accessories of a vehicle
d) Discuss the vehicle System.
e) Discuss the importance of lights and reflectors.
f) Explain wheels and tyres.
g) Describe the vehicle body.
h) Discuss special equipment.
Content
8.4.2T/P2 Discuss the following components of a vehicle
 Engine
 Ignition
 Accelerator
 Exhaust
8.4.2T/P3 Describe Vehicle accessories
 Engine Brakes.
 Retarders.
8.4.2T/P4 Discuss the vehicle system
 Braking system
 First Aid box
 Tool box

Theory/Practice
8.4.3T/P0 Objective
Content
lxxxiii
8.4.4 OBSERVATION
Theory/Practice
Content

a) prepare to drive
steering.
l) carry out optimum braking without locking the wheels, losing steering control or stalling the engine.
Content
lxxxiv
8.4.5 T/P3 Truck movement control
8.4.5T/P4 Truck movement
 Acceleration
8.4.5T/P5 Operating
correct course

Theory/Practice
a) Explain ‘‘Why Communicate?”.
b) Apply MSM technique (Mirror, Signal, manouever).
c) Describe Hazard communication and signs.
d) Decode subtle signs and cues from other drivers
Content

Theory/Practice
lxxxv
e) State Braking Systems and techniques – ABS, gears, Engine breaks and retarders.
Content

Theory/Practice
Content

The trainee should be able to correctly perform emergency maneuvers
Theory/Practice
Content
lxxxvi

Theory/Practice
c) Explain Trailer Jacknife, tractor Jacknife front wheel skid and all wheel skid.
Content
8.4.10 T/P3 Trailer Jacknife, tractor Jacknife front wheel skid and all wheel skid.

Theory/Practice
- Fog
- Windy condition
- Heavy rain
- Hot weather
Content
- Fog
- Windy condition
- Heavy rain
- Hot weather

Theory/Practice
lxxxvii
Content

Theory/Practice
freight.
Content

Theory/Practice
Content

lxxxviii
Theory/Practice
f) Demonstrate basic First aid.
Content

Theory/Practice
a. Prepare a Journey/Trip Plan.
b. Explain Legal limits on Duty hours /Driving hours.
c. Completing records of duty/Work Tickets/Trip cards.
Content

Theory/Practice
d) Point out Legal aspects of loading ( EAC vehicle axle load control act 2013, Traffic
act Cap 403)
f) Terms and Definition.
i. Cargo Movement documentation.
ii. Pickup and Delivery procedures.
g) Explain Security of Cargo
lxxxix
i. Detecting and reporting a suspicious activity at loading points/dock
and transit.
ii. DO and Don’ts of personal security.
h) Discuss Conditions of carriage for unaccompanied parcels and freight
Content
8.4.17 T/P4 Legal aspects of loading (EAC vehicle axle load control act 2013, Traffic act Cap 403)
- Cargo Movement documentation.
- Pickup and Delivery procedures.

Theory/Practice
Content

crash
Practical
8.4.19P0 Objective
xc
Content
 Safe parking
Materials Theory tests and driving tests sheets.
8.8.20 EXAMINATION FOR INTERIM SPDL

category applied for under a driver mentor and subsequently be issued with an interim SPDL valid for 6
months.
Theory/Practice
Content
xci
8.8.20 DRIVING PRACTICE

The trainee shall be able to competently drive and offer professional driving services.
Theory/Practice
By the end of the unit the trainee will be able to competently drive and offer professional driving
services.
Content
Practical driving under supervision of a driver mentor for a minimum of 3 months for PSVs and 5,000 km
for HGVs within 3 months.
Responsible Driver mentor
Conditions for Driver mentors and supervised professional driving practice:
(a) Must have 5 years professional experience.
(b) Must have been approved by the professional body as professional drivers.
(c) The trainee driver must obtain insurance cover for the period
(d) The company must sign a training consent with the professional body
(e) The trainee driver must possess a valid provisional Special Professional Driving License.
Where At the test centre
Time Schedule 480 Hours (3 Months)
Demands
 Score: Passed/not passed Overall pass mark > 70%
 Zero serious road crashes
 Zero convictions for traffic offences.
 Examination: The driver mentor shall complete assessment forms for each trip/day and
file for review by an examiner.
 If the trainee fails he/she should have one more attempt not less than two months. In the
event of subsequent failure the trainee shall be de-registered from the program.
Training Method The trainee shall conduct both theory and practical tests at the test centre.
Materials Driving test sheets
CHAPTER NINE
9.0. TRAINING OF INDUSTRIAL, CONSTRUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINE OPERATORS
(ICA)
This course shall be offered by an accredited training institution using this curriculum or a bespoke
curriculum approved by the authority.
9.1 Responsibility
i) The Accreditation and Academic Committee of the authority is responsible for accrediting
institutions and Instructors to offer this course.
ii) The Director of Safety for the Authority shall be responsible for review of this curriculum and the
approval of any bespoke curriculum intended to be used for ICA training.
xcii
9.2 Class Size
i) Tutor to student ratio will be at most 1: 24.
ii) The school is required to have the following minimum equipment;
a. Classroom for candidates 6m x 8m
b. Adequate ICT resources
c. At least 1 training Vehicle.
d. At least 1 accredited trainer
9.3(a) Minimum Requirements for enrolment to train as an industrial, construction and
agricultural machine operator
i) O-level education.
iii) Must be a holder of a valid driving License.
iv) Minimum age of 20 years old.
v) No previous dangerous driving offence – Gross disregard of Highway Code and causing
death by dangerous driving over the last 24 months.
vii) Medical test certification obtained within the last 6 months.
9.3(b) Requirement for issuance of an Industrial, Construction and Agricultural (ICA) vehicle License
ICA License is categorized as a Professional Drivers’ License (PDL)
ii) Certificate of membership of a professional operators’ body approved by the Authority.
9.4 Units for Industrial, Construction and Agricultural (ICA) vehicle License Course
a) Introduction to ICA
b) Basic machine Control
c) Legal aspects governing operation of ICA
d) Practical Operation
e) Examination for ICA operators
Unit Summary and Time Allocation
Theory Practic Total
e
9.4.1 Introduction to a  Regulations governing operation of ICA 24 0 24
ICA  Requirements to obtain the driver
License
 The importance / role of the vehicle as a
system.
9.4.2 Basic Machine  Regulations governing operation of ICA 80 48 128
Control  Requirements to obtain the driver
License
 Importance/Role of the vehicle as part
of the national transportation system
 Crash rate of the vehicle
9.4.3 Legal aspects  Traffic Act, NTSA Act and other laws 8 0 8
governing governing operation of ICA
operation of ICA
xciii
Theory Practic Total
e
9/9/4 Practical Operation  Practical operation of the machine 0 160 160
9.4.5 Examination for  Theory and practical exam 2 0.5 2.5

ICA operators
Total 322.5
9.9.1 INTRODUCTION TO ICA

9.4.1c Outcome
The learner should become familiar with ICA
Theory/Practice
9.4.1T0 Objective
By the end of these units, the learner operator shall be able to:
a) explain regulations governing operation of ICA
b) state requirements to obtain the driver license
c) discuss the importance / role of the plants as a part of the national transportation
system.
d) discuss the crash rate of the plants.
Content
9.4.1T1 Regulations governing operation of ICA
9.4.1T2 Requirements to obtain the operator’s license
9.4.1T3 The importance / role of the plant as a part of the national transportation system.
9.4.1T4 The crash rate of the vehicle
9.4.2 BASIC MACHINE CONTROL

9.4.2c Excepted Outcome
The trainee shall be trained in basic machine control
Theory/Practice
9.4.2T/P0 Objective
By the end of this unit, the learner operator shall be able to:
a) Prepare for an operation
i) carry out a daily or pre-shift inspection in accordance with the instruction given in
the Manufacturers’ Handbook
ii) complete any necessary adjustments to the machines systems or constituent parts
in accordance with the advice given in the Manufacturers’ Handbook
b) Drive/Operate Plant on site
i) Operate plant over varying terrain with due regard to correct gear selection, proper
use of controls, correct positioning for approach, travel through, over or around
obstacles.
ii) Observe and adhere to all site driving circuits.
c) Operate the equipment using all controls and safely for a range of tasks
d) Operate ancillary equipment
xciv
i) Attach/detach any Ancillary Equipment safely in accordance with the
Manufacturers’ Handbook.
ii) use any auxiliary equipment safely for a range of tasks
e) Perform Lifting operations.
i) Demonstrates an ability to carry out lifting operations with regard to accepted safe
operating procedures, the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations and
Lifting Signals
f) Maintain and shut down equipment safely and carry out the operator’s daily service
recommended in the Manufacturers’ Handbook.
9.4.3 LEGAL ASPECTS GOVERNING OPERATION OF ICA

9.4.3T/P0 Objective
By the end of this unit, the learner operator should have knowledge on the Traffic Act, NTSA Act and
laws governing operation of ICA within various settings.
Content
Traffic Act, NTSA Act and other laws governing operation of ICA.
9.4.4 PRACTICAL OPERATION

The trainee shall be able to competently operate the plant
Practice
9.4.4T/P0 Objective
By the end of the unit the trainee will be able to competently operate and offer professional plant
operator services.
Content
Practical plant operation under supervision for a minimum of 160 hours.
Responsible Supervisor.
Where Actual work setting (Factory, Construction site or farm)
Time Schedule 160 Hours (1 Month)
Demands
 Score: Passed/not passed Overall pass mark> 70%
 Zero serious road crashes
 Zero convictions for traffic offences
 Examination: The supervisor shall complete assessment forms for each day and file for
review by an examiner.
 If the trainee fails he/she should have one more attempt not less than two months. In the
event of subsequent failure the trainee shall be de-registered from the program.
Training Method The trainee shall conduct both theory and practical tests at the test centre.
Materials Driving test sheets
9.4.5 EXAMINATION FOR ICA OPERATORS

The trainee shall be able to undertake examination in ICA Plant operation and obtain certificate of
competence that will see his/her license endorsed with this class.
Theory/Practice
9.4.4T/P0 Objective
xcv
Content
xcvi
PART 2

LICENSING DRIVING INSTRUCTORS
xcvii
FOREWORD ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER ONE c
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... c
1.1 Foreword ................................................................................................................................ c
1.2 Background ............................................................................................................................ c
1.2 Objective ................................................................................................................................ c
1.3 Goal ........................................................................................................................................ c
1.4 Required Qualifications .......................................................................................................... c
CHAPTER TWO ci
2.0 TRAINING OF HGV DRIVING INSTRUCTORS .......................................................................... ci
2.1 Target Group ......................................................................................................................... ci
2.2 Responsibility ........................................................................................................................ ci
2.3 Training ................................................................................................................................. ci
2.4 Class Size ............................................................................................................................ xciii
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................cv
2.2.2 DRIVING INSTRUCTOR TESTING ............................................................................................cv
2.2.3 PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION..................................................................................................cvi
2.2.4 KENYA LEARNER DRIVER HANDBOOK ..................................................................................cvi
2.2.5 TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION AND STATISTICS ................................................................... cvii
2.2.6 DRIVING LICENSE CATEGORIES AND THE DRIVING TEST ................................................... cviii
2.2.7 LEGAL ASPECTS IN DRIVING ............................................................................................... cviii
2.2.8 TIME PLANNING ................................................................................................................... cix
2.2.9 QUALITY ASSURANCE ........................................................................................................... cix
2.2.10 HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IN TRAFFIC -TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY EDUCATION ................................cx
2.2.11 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ............................................................................................ cxi
CHAPTER THREE cxi
3.0 TRAINING OF PSV DRIVING INSTRUCTORS........................................................................... cxi
3.1 Target Group ........................................................................................................................ cxi
3.2 Responsibility ....................................................................................................................... cxi
3.3 Training ................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4 Class Size ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5 Summary Table and Time Allocation .................................................................................. cxii
3.3.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. cxvi
3.3.2 DRIVING INSTRUCTOR TESTING ........................................................................................ cxvi
3.3.3 PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION ............................................................................................... cxvi
3.3.4 KENYA LEARNER DRIVER HANDBOOK ............................................................................... cxvii
3.3.5 TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION AND STATISTICS ................................................................ cxviii
3.3.6 DRIVING LICENSE CATEGORIES AND THE DRIVING TEST ................................................... cxix
3.3.7 LEGAL ASPECTS IN DRIVING ............................................................................................... cxix
xcviii
3.3.8 TIME PLANNING .................................................................................................................. cxx
3.3 9 QUALITY ASSURANCE .......................................................................................................... cxx
3.3.10 HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IN TRAFFIC -TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY EDUCATION ............................. cxxi
3.3.11 ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION .............................................................................................. cxxi
CHAPTER FOUR cxxii
4.0 TRAINING OF LIGHT VEHICLE DRIVING INSTRUCTORS ...................................................... cxxii
4.1 Target group ...................................................................................................................... cxxii
4.2 Responsibility .................................................................................................................... cxxii
4.4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. cxxv
4.4.2 DRIVING INSTRUCTOR TESTING ....................................................................................... cxxvi
4.4.3 PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION.............................................................................................. cxxvi
4.4.4 KENYA LEARNER DRIVER HANDBOOK ............................................................................. cxxvii
4.4.5 TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION AND STATISTICS ............................................................... cxxvii
4.4.6 DRIVING LICENSE CATEGORIES AND THE DRIVING TEST ............................................... cxxviii
4.4.7 LEGAL ASPECTS IN DRIVING ............................................................................................. cxxix
4.4.8 TIME PLANNING ............................................................................................................... cxxix
4.4. 9 QUALITY ASSURANCE ........................................................................................................ cxxx
4.4.10 HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IN TRAFFIC -TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY EDUCATION ............................ cxxx
4.4.11 ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION ............................................................................................ cxxxi
CHAPTER FIVE cxxxi
5.0 TRAINING OF MOTORCYCLE RIDER INSTRUCTORS......................................................... cxxxi
5.1 Target group ..................................................................................................................... cxxxi
5.2 Responsibility ................................................................................................................... cxxxi
5.5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... cxxxv
5.5.2 DRIVING INSTRUCTOR TESTING ...................................................................................... cxxxv
5.5.3 PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION............................................................................................. cxxxv
5.5.4 KENYA LEARNER DRIVER HANDBOOK ............................................................................ cxxxvi
5.5.5 TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION AND STATISTICS ..............................................................cxxxvii
5.5.6 DRIVING LICENSE CATEGORIES AND THE DRIVING TEST ...............................................cxxxvii
5.5.7 LEGAL ASPECTS IN DRIVING ..........................................................................................cxxxviii
5.5.8 TIME PLANNING ............................................................................................................. cxxxix
5.5. 9 QUALITY ASSURANCE ..................................................................................................... cxxxix
5.5.10 HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IN TRAFFIC -TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY EDUCATION ............................... cxl
5.5.11 ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION ................................................................................................ cxl
xcix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preamble
This curriculum is designed to ensure that the training of driving instructors is of a high quality. The
curriculum also provides a foundation for further courses. The content and goal in this curriculum will
place a level of knowledge and competence that each individual driving instructor shall reach.
1.2 Background
Road safety in Kenya is a challenge with a high number of fatalities and injuries recorded every year. To
reverse this trend, there is need to improve on driver education and training through improving the
skills and competence of driver instructors.
The driving instructor needs to have an open mind. He/she must keep a high level of objectivity, deliver
knowledge effectively and handle learner drivers in a professional manner. The driving instructor should
also construct a conducive learning environment for the learner driver.
1.2 Objective
The objective of this training course for driving instructors is that the trainee shall assimilate the
competence that is needed to work as a driving instructor, and to educate the learner driver in a way
that they become competent drivers.
The outcome of the course is to have competent driving instructors and help to improve the road safety
situation in Kenya.
1.3 Goal
The main goal for this course is to reduce road crashes and fatalities for Kenya.
1.4 Required Qualifications
# Minimum Motor Light PSV HGV Exemption
Requirements Cycles Vehicles 14 33 51 s
Seater Seater Seater
1. Must possess a driving Y Y Y Y Y Y None
license for the class
they intend to instruct
2. Driving experience 3 3 3 3 3 3 N/A for
(years) in any class SPDL
Holders
3. Has not been found Y Y Y Y Y Y None
guilty of a fatal road
crash over the last 24
months
4. Minimum O- level Y Y Y Y Y Y None
education with grade C-
or Equivalent
5. Police clearance Y Y Y Y Y Y None
certificate
6. He should pass a driving Y Y Y Y Y Y None
test that includes a
maneuver test, driving
in both built up areas
and on country roads,
minimum 60 minutes
c
# Minimum Motor Light PSV HGV Exemption
Requirements Cycles Vehicles 14 33 51 s
Seater Seater Seater
7. Passed medical test Y Y Y Y Y Y None

8. Minimum age (years) 23 23 27 30 35 33 23
SPDL
Holders
Irrespective
of Class
Key Y = Yes
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 TRAINING OF HGV DRIVING INSTRUCTORS
2.1 Target Group
Those who aspire to be licensed as HGV driving instructors.
2.2 Responsibility
i. The authority is responsible for accrediting institutions to offer this course.
ii. The Authority is responsible for developing and supervising the course.
iii. The authority is also responsible for developing driving instructor handbook and licensing of
instructors.
iv. The authority continually updates the curriculum.
2.3 Training
The candidate shall take responsibility for both individual and in-group training. The training will involve
both theory and practical classes.
The base for the training is the “Curriculum for Training, Testing and Licensing of Instructors, Kenya
Learner Drivers’ Handbook, the Traffic Act Cap 403, NTSA act and other relevant legislation.
The key highlights are;
i) Pedagogical Education.
ii) Time management.
iii) Curriculum for Learner Drivers.
iv) Kenya Learner Drivers Handbook.
v) Traffic safety education and statistics.
vi) HGV theory education.
vii) HGV practical education.
viii) Traffic Act Cap 403.
ix) NTSA Act.
x) Human behaviour in traffic - traffic psychology education.
xi) Customer care/ public relations.
xii) First Aid.
xiii) Alcohol and Substance abuse.
xiv) Vehicle mechanics.
xv) Defensive driving.
2.4 Class Size
i. Tutor to student ratio will be at most 1: 24.
ii. The school is required to have the following minimum equipment;
a) Classroom for candidates 6m x 8m
b) Adequate ICT resources
ci
c) At least 1 HGV training Vehicle.
d) At least 1 teacher at theory teaching.
e) At least 1 trainer at practical training.
2.5 Summary Table and Time Allocation
Code Unit Content Time (Hours)
THEORY PRACTICAL TOTAL
2.2.1 Introduction  Administrative 1 0 1
procedures of
driving school
2.2.2 Driving Instructor  Administering
Testing written, oral and
practical exam
2.2.3 Pedagogical  Psychology of adult 20 0 20
Education learning and
teaching techniques
 Teaching method
 Communication
skills
 Goal and Objective
writing
 Modern teaching
aids
 Learner testing
 Learner testing
 Commentary driving
 The teaching model
“ explain, act and
comment” for
practical education
 Teaching materials
development
2.2.4 Kenya Learner  Lectures, 10 0 10
Drivers’ Handbook assignments
 Learner Drivers
 Handbook Teaching
material drawn
from the Learner
Driver Handbook
 Quality documents
from the handbook
as teaching material
for learner drivers.
 Teaching on how to
instruct other
drivers
cii
2.2.5 Traffic Safety  Traffic safety in 20 0 20
Education and Kenya
Statistics  Traffic statistics
 Kenya road safety
work
 Kenya statistics and
trends and
compared with
other countries
 Impact of traffic
crashes and how it
affects the society
 Salient factors that
influence traffic
safety
 Acceptable alcohol
limits
 Importance of safe
vehicles
 Road quality
influence the traffic
safety
 Speed influence the
traffic safety
 Human factor
safety
 Alcohol and drugs
influence on traffic
safety
2.2.6 Driving License  Driving license 10 5 15
Categories and the system
Driving Test  Driving License
categories.
 Examination process
 Examination
procedure
 Driving school
theory and practical
test
 Online test
registration and
booking procedure
2.2.7 Legal Aspects in  Traffic Act Cap 403, 10 0 10

Driving the NTSA Act 33 of
2012, Insurance
ciii
third party Act Cap
413 and other
relevant
regulations.
 Sources of new
legislative
information
concerning traffic.
2.2.8 Time Planning  Scheme of work 10 10 20

 Lesson plan
for different
lessons.
2.2.9 Quality Assurance  Quality of driving 10 10 20
instructions
 Course content
 Different teaching
methods
 Standard methods
of curriculum
delivery
 Assessment of each
class/student, for
the purpose of
continuous
improvements
Scheme of work
2.2.10 Human Behaviour in  Underlying causes 5 0 5
Traffic – Traffic and psychology of
Psychology Education offensive driving.
 Techniques of
managing offensive
drivers and
remaining calm
when driving
 Different offensive
driving behaviour
2.2.11 Environment  How to reduce the 5 0 5
Education impact of motor
vehicle emissions
to the
environment.
 Important laws and
provisions that
regulates the
civ
environmental
work in Kenya,
 Methods of
reducing
environmental
pollution.
 Impact of driver
behaviour on the
environment.
 Eco- driving
technique
 Product
transportation
knowledge
Total Hours 126
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2.1.C Expected Outcome
The trainee shall be able to explain the registration process, the work of the instructor and the role of
the driving school.
Theory
By the end of this unit the candidate should be familiar with:
a) the role of a driving school
b) the daily work of a driving instructor
Content
2.2.1T/P1 Administrative procedures of driving school
Suggested Training Methods
- Presentations/lectures
- Demonstrations
2.2.2 DRIVING INSTRUCTOR TESTING

The trainee will understand the content of the course and how it will be examined.
Theory/Practice
2.2.2T/P0 Objective
By the end of the unit the trainee should be familiar with:
a) the content of the course
b) how it will be examined
Content
2.2.2T/P1 Course procedures
2.2.2T/P2 Examination procedures
- Demonstrations
cv
2.2.3 PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION
The candidate shall be able to understand how to use different pedagogical methods in adult training.
Theory/Practice
By the end of this Unit the candidate will have the ability to use Pedagogical Education methods to:
a) Carry out adult learning and teaching through psychology methods.
b) Account for different teaching methods and their influence on teaching results and with didactic
insight account for the connection between goal and method.
c) Demonstrate good knowledge and skills concerning verbal and non-verbal communication.
d) Write educational goals and objectives.
e) Use modern teaching technical aids.
f) Use modern methods to stimulate creativity among learner drivers.
g) Design and perform tests and exercises for learner drivers.
h) Plan, structure and present a lesson.
i) Work in groups or individually.
j) Use commentary driving.
k) Use the teaching model “explain, act and comment” for practical education.
l) produce professional teaching materials like power point presentations, sticky notes, white boards
and others
m) use the internet for teaching
Content
2.2.3T/P1 Psychology of adult learning and teaching techniques
2.2.3T/P2 Teaching methods
2.2.3T/P3 Communication skills
2.2.3T/P4 Goal and Objective writing
2.2.3T/P5 Modern teaching aids
2.2.3T/P6 Creativity amongst learner drivers
2.2.3T/P7 Learner testing
2.2.3T/P8 Lesson planning
2.2.3T/P9 Working in groups or individually
2.2.3T/P10 Commentary driving
2.2.3T/P11 Teaching model “explain, act and comment” for practical education
2.2.3T/P12 teaching material development
2.2.3T/P13 Use of the internet
- Lectures, group work, individual work, discussions and analysis
- Demonstration using different modern technical equipment
- Commentary driving
2.2.4 KENYA LEARNER DRIVER HANDBOOK

Kenya Learner Drivers’ Handbook aims to give drivers knowledge of how to drive a vehicle defensively.
The trainee will use this handbook as a base for both theory and practical driving education.
The candidate will have the ability to use the Learner Drivers’ Handbook to teach learner drivers both
practical and theoretical HGV driving, in a defensive way.
Theory/Practice
cvi
By the end of this Unit the candidate will have;
a) A tool to be used to educate the learner driver on how to become a competent driver.
b) Knowledge of how to make the learner driver understand the danger, complexity and responsibility
of driving a HGV.
c) Knowledge of how to make the learner driver understand how their behaviour and decisions
impact on other road users.
d) knowledge about human behaviour and how to become a defensive driver
e) knowledge of the Kenya Learner Drivers’ Handbook
Content
2.2.4T/P1 Educating learners to become competent drivers
2.2.4T/P2 Dangers, complexity and responsibility of driving an HGV
2.2.4T/P3 Impact of behavior and decisions on other road users
2.2.4T/P4 Human factors in defensive driving.
2.2.4T/P5 Kenya Learner Drivers’ Handbook.
- Practical exercises
- Practical work on how to use the curriculum for learner drivers
- Lectures
- Group Discussions
- Groups exercise for training
2.2.5 TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION AND STATISTICS

The trainee shall demonstrate knowledge of traffic safety education and statistics in Kenya.
Theory/Practice
a) Discuss the traffic safety in Kenya.
b) Analyze traffic statistics.
c) Explain the Kenya road safety work.
d) Compare Kenya statistics and trends and compare with other countries.
e) Discuss the impact of traffic crashes and how it affects the society
f) Explain the salient factors that influence traffic safety.
g) Explain the acceptable alcohol limits.
h) Demonstrate the importance of safe vehicles.
i) Describe how road quality influences traffic safety.
j) Describe how speed influences traffic safety.
k) Discuss how the human factors influence traffic safety.
l) Discuss how alcohol and drug abuse influence traffic safety.
Content
2.2.5T/P1 Traffic safety in Kenya
2.2.5T/P2 Traffic statistics
2.2.5T/P3 Kenya road safety work
2.2.5T/P4 Kenya statistics and trends and compared with other countries
2.2.5T/P5 Impact of traffic crashes and how it affects the society
2.2.5T/P6 Salient factors that influence traffic safety
2.2.5T/P7 Acceptable alcohol limits
2.2.5T/P8 Importance of safe vehicles
cvii
2.2.5T/P9 Road quality influence on traffic safety
2.2.5T/P10 Speed influence on traffic safety
2.2.5T/P11 Human factor influence on traffic safety
2.2.5T/P12 Alcohol and drug abuse influence on traffic safety
- Lectures
- Drive around in traffic to study the traffic system
- Assignments
2.2.6 DRIVING LICENSE CATEGORIES AND THE DRIVING TEST

The candidate shall show knowledge of the licensing and testing process in Kenya
Theory
a) Describe the driving license system.
b) State the license categories.
c) Explain the examination process
d) Outline the examination procedure
e) Explain how to perform a driving school test, to evaluate the knowledge of the learner driver in
both theory and practical.
f) Outline the online test registration and booking procedure
Content
2.2.6T/P1 Driving license system
2.2.6T/P2 License categories.
2.2.6T/P3 Examination process
2.2.6T/P4 Examination procedure
2.2.6T/P5 Driving school theory and practical test
2.2.6T/P6 Online test registration and booking procedure
Practice
2.2.6P/P0 Objectives
a) demonstrate the examination process at the examination center
b) demonstrate online test registration and booking procedure
Content
2.2.6P/P1 Examination process at the examination center
2.2.6P/P2 Online test registration and booking procedure
- Lectures
- Theory test
- Practical driving test
- Assignments
2.2.7 LEGAL ASPECTS IN DRIVING

The candidate shall be able to explain the legal aspects in driving.
Theory
cviii
a) Explain the Traffic Act Cap 403, the NTSA Act 33 of 2012, Insurance third party Act Cap 413 and
other relevant regulations.
b) Identify sources of new legislative information concerning traffic.
Content
2.2.7T/P1 Traffic Act Cap 403, the NTSA Act 33 of 2012, Insurance third party Act Cap 413 and other
relevant regulations.
2.2.7T/P2 Sources of new legislative information concerning traffic.
- Lectures
- Discussions
- Exercises
- Presentation and explanation of Traffic Act Cap 403
2.2.8 TIME PLANNING

The trainee should be able to plan time and schedule lessons.
Theory
a) Prepare a scheme of work.
b) Prepare the lesson plan.
c) Produce quality documents as teaching material for different lessons.
d) Prepare tests and marking schedules.
Content
2.2.8T/P1 Scheme of work
2.2.8T/P2 Lesson plan
2.2.8T/P3 Quality documents as teaching material for different lessons.
2.2.8T/P4 Testing and marking schemes
Practice
2.2.8P/P0 Objective
By the end of this unit the trainee should be able to prepare and present a lesson plan and a scheme of
work
Content
2.2.8P/P1 Prepare and present a scheme of work and a lesson plan
- Lectures
- Exercises
- Practical planning exercises using modern planning methods
2.2.9 QUALITY ASSURANCE

The trainee should be able to standardize teaching and ensure uniform dissemination of skills and
knowledge.
Theory
cix
a) Discuss the quality of driving instructions
b) Create quality educational materials and put in a quality system
c) Evaluate the course content.
d) Evaluate the different teaching methods
e) Apply the methods of curriculum delivery
f) Assess each class/student for the purpose of continuous improvements
Content
2.2.9T/P1 Quality of driving instructions
2.2.9T/P2 Quality education materials
2.2.9T/P3 Course content
2.2.9T/P4 Different teaching methods
2.2.9T/P5 Standard methods of curriculum delivery
2.2.9T/P6 Assessment of each class/student, for the purpose of continuous improvements Scheme of
work
Practice
2.2.9P0 Objective
By the end of this unit the trainee should be able to competently deliver a lesson through a mock
presentation
Content
2.2.9P/P1 Mock presentation (micro teaching)
2.2.10 HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IN TRAFFIC -TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY EDUCATION

The trainee should be able to explain human behavior in traffic.
Theory
a) Outline the underlying causes and psychology of offensive driving.
b) Discuss techniques of managing offensive drivers and remaining calm when driving.
c) Explain different offensive driving behaviours.
Content
2.2.10T/P1 Underlying causes and psychology of offensive driving.
2.2.10T/P2 Techniques of managing offensive drivers and remaining calm when driving.
2.2.10T/P3 Different offensive driving behavior
i) speeding
ii) disobeying traffic lights
iii) not observing traffic signs
iv) careless overtaking
v) not using seat belts
Practice
2.2.10P/P0 Objective
presentation
Content
- Lectures
cx
2.2.11 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
The trainee should have knowledge on environmental concerns associated with driving.
Theory
a) Explain to the candidates how to reduce the impact of motor vehicle emissions on the
environment.
b) Provide examples of important laws and provisions that regulates the environmental work in
Kenya.
c) Discuss methods of reducing environmental pollution.
d) Discuss the impact of driver behaviour on the environment.
e) Identify eco- driving technique.
f) Demonstrate product transportation knowledge.
Content
2.2.11T/P1 How to reduce the impact of motor vehicle emissions to the environment.
2.2.11T/P2 Important laws and provisions that regulates work impacting on the environmental in
Kenya.
2.2.11T/P3 Methods of reducing environmental pollution.
2.2.11T/P4 Impact of driver behaviour on the environment.
2.2.11T/P5 Eco- driving technique
2.2.11T/P6 Product transportation knowledge
- Lectures
- Group work
- Individual work
- Discuss and analyses traffic environmental issues
- Practical eco driving
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 TRAINING OF PSV DRIVING INSTRUCTORS
3.1 Target Group
Those who aspire to be PSV driving instructors.
3.2 Responsibility
i. The Accreditation and Academic Committee of the authority is responsible for accrediting
institutions to offer this course.
ii. The Accreditation and Academic Committee of the authority is responsible for developing and
supervising the course.
iii. The Accreditation and Academic Committee of the authority is also responsible for developing
driving instructor handbook and licensing of instructors.
iv. The Accreditation and Academic Committee of the authority continually updates the curriculum.
3.3 Training
cxi
I. Pedagogical Education.
II. Time management.
III. Curriculum for Learner Drivers.
IV. Kenya Learner Drivers Handbook.
V. Traffic safety education and statistics.
VI. HGV theory education.
VII. HGV practical education.
VIII. Traffic Act Cap 403.
IX. NTSA Act.
X. Human behaviour in traffic - traffic psychology education.
XI. Customer care/ public relations.
XII. First Aid.
XIII. Alcohol and Substance abuse.
XIV. Vehicle mechanics.
XV. Defensive driving.
3.4 Class Size
i. Tutor to student ratio will be at most 1: 24.
ii. The school is required to have the following minimum equipment;
a. Classroom for candidates 6m x 8m
b. Adequate ICT resources
c. At least 1 PSV training Vehicle for the License class.
d. At least 1 teacher at theory teaching.
e. At least 1 trainer at practical training.
THEORY PRACTICE TOTAL
procedures in a
driving school
3.3.2 Driving Instructor Administering

Testing written, oral and
practical exam
cxii
Education learning and
teaching techniques
 Teaching method
 Communication
skills
writing
 Modern teaching
aids
 Learner testing
 Learner testing
 The teaching model
“ explain, act and
comment” for
practical education
development
3.3.4 Kenya Learner  Lectures, 10 0 10

Driver Handbook assignments
 Learner Drivers
 Handbook Teaching
material drawn
from the Learner
Driver Handbook
from the handbook
for learner drivers.
Teaching on how to
instruct other drivers
3.3.5 Traffic Safety  Traffic safety in 20 0 20
Education and Kenya
Statistics  Traffic statistics
 Kenya road safety
work
 Kenya statistics and
trends and
compared with
other countries
 Impact of traffic
crashes and how it
affects the society
cxiii
influence traffic
safety
limits
vehicles
 Road quality
safety
traffic safety
 Human factor
safety
safety
3.3.6 Driving License  Driving license 10 5 15
Categories and system
the Driving Test  Categories of
license
 Examination
process
 Examination
procedure
 Driving school
theory and practical
test
 Online test
registration and
booking procedure
3.3.7 Legal Aspects of  Traffic Act Cap 403, 10 0 10

Driving the NTSA Act 33 of
2012, Insurance
third party Act Cap
413 and other
relevant
regulations.
 Sources of new
legislative
information
concerning traffic.
3.3.8 Time Planning  Scheme of work 10 10 20
 Lesson plan
cxiv
 Producing quality
documents as
teaching material
for different lessons
3.3.9 Quality Assurance  Quality of driving 10 10 20
instructions
 Course content
methods
 Standard methods
of curriculum
delivery
class/student, for
the purpose of
continuous
improvements
Scheme of work
3.3.10 Human Behaviour  Underlying causes 5 0 5
in Traffic – Traffic and psychology of
Psychology offensive driving.
Education  Techniques of
managing offensive
drivers and
remaining calm
when driving.
driving behaviour
vehicle emissions
to the
environment.
 Important laws
and provisions that
regulates the
environmental
work in Kenya,
 Methods of
reducing
environmental
pollution.
behaviour on the
environment.
 Eco- driving
technique
cxv
 Product
transportation
knowledge
Total 126
3.3.1 INTRODUCTION
The trainee shall be able to explain the registration process, the work of the instructor and the work at
the driving school:
Theory
i. the role of a driving school
ii. the daily work of a driving instructor
Content
3.3.1T/P2 Daily work of a driving instructor
- Presentation
- demonstration

The trainee to be able to understand the content of the course hence what will be tested at completion.
Theory/Practice
3.3.2T/P0 Objective
a. the content of the course
b. how it will be examined
Content

The candidate shall be able to understand how to use different pedagogical methods in adult teaching.
Theory/Practice
The Pedagogical Education aims to give the candidate ability to:
a) understand and carry through the psychology of adult learning and teaching.
b) account for different teaching methods and their influence on the teaching result and with didactic
c) demonstrate good knowledge and skills concerning verbal and non-verbal ability of
communication.
d) write educational goals and objectives.
e) use modern teaching technical aids.
f) use modern methods to stimulate the creativity among the learner drivers.
cxvi
g) design and perform tests and exercises on learner driver.
h) be able to plan, structure and present a teaching segment.
i) work in group or individually.
j) use commentary driving.
k) use the teaching model “ explain, act and comment” for practical education.
l) know-how and be able to produce professional teaching material like power point presentations,
sticky notes, white boards and others.
m) how to use internet for teaching.
Content
3.3.3T /P2 Teaching methods
3.3.3T /P3 Communication skills
3.3.3T /P4 Goal and Objective writing
3.3.3T /P5 Modern teaching aids
3.3.3T /P6 Creativity amongst learner drivers
3.3.3T /P7 Learner testing
3.3.3T /P8 Lesson planning
3.3.3T /P9 Working in groups or individually
3.3.3T /P10 Commentary driving
3.3.3T /P11 Teaching model “ explain, act and comment” for practical education
3.3.3T /P12 Teaching material development
3.3.3T /P13 Use of the internet

Kenya Learner Driver Handbook aims to give the candidate knowledge of how to drive a vehicle
defensively. The candidate will also have this handbook as a base for both theory and practical driving
education, explaining how to drive a vehicle defensively.
3.3.4C Expected outcome
Ability to use the learner driver handbook in teaching learner drivers; both practical and theoretical PSV
driving in a defensive way.
Theory/Practice
The Curriculum for Learner Drivers aims to give the candidate;
a) a tool to be used to educate the learner driver on how to become a competent driver.
b) knowledge of how to make the learner driver understand the danger, complexity and responsibility
of driving a PSV.
c) knowledge of how to make the learner driver understand how their behaviour and decisions
e) be familiar with the Kenya Learner Drivers Handbook
Content
3.3.4T/P1 Learner Drivers Handbook
3.3.4T/P2 Teaching material drawn from the Learner Driver Handbook
3.3.4T/P3 Quality documents from the handbook as teaching material for learner drivers.
cxvii
3.3.4T/P4 Teaching on how to instruct other drivers
3.3.4T/P5 Kenya Learner drivers’ Handbook
- Lectures
- Assignments
- Group discussions

The trainee to demonstrate knowledge of traffic safety education and statistics in Kenya
Theory/Practice
a) discuss the traffic safety in Kenya.
b) analyze traffic statistics.
c) explain the Kenya road safety work.
d) compare Kenya statistics and trends and compare with other countries.
e) discuss the impact of traffic crashes and how it affects the society
f) explain the salient factors that influence traffic safety.
g) explain the acceptable alcohol limits.
h) demonstrate the importance of safe vehicles.
i) describe how the road quality influences traffic safety.
j) describe how the speed influences traffic safety.
k) discuss how the human factors influence traffic safety.
l) discuss how alcohol and drugs abuse influence the traffic safety.
Content
3.3.5T/P12 Alcohol and drugs influence on traffic safety
- Lectures
- Assignments
cxviii
The trainee to demonstrate knowledge of the licensing and testing process in Kenya
Theory
a) describe the driving license system
b) state the license categories.
c) explain the examination process
d) outline the examination procedure
e) explain how to perform a driving school test, to evaluate the knowledge of the learner driver in
f) outline the online test registration and booking procedure
Content
3.3.6T/P2 License categories
Practice
By the end of this unit the trainee should:
a) demonstrate the examination process at the examination centre
Content
3.3.6P/P1 Examination process at the examination centre
- Lectures
- Theory test
- Assignments

The trainee should be able to explain the legal aspects in driving
Theory
a) explain the Traffic Act Cap 403, the NTSA Act 33 of 2012, Insurance third party Act Cap 413 and
Content
relevant regulations
cxix
- Lecture
- Discussion
- Exercises
3.3.8 TIME PLANNING

Theory
3.3.8T0 Objectives
By the end of this unit the trainee will be able to:
a) prepare a scheme of work
b) prepare the lesson plan.
c) produce quality documents as teaching material for different lessons
d) prepare tests and marking schedule
Content
3.3.8T/P3 Quality documents as teaching material for different lessons
Practice
3.3.8P/P0 Objective
By the end of this unit the trainee should be able to prepare and present a lesson plan and scheme
of work
Content
- Lectures
- Exercises
- Practical planning exercises using modern planning methods.
3.3 9 QUALITY ASSURANCE

knowledge.
Theory
By the end of the unit the trainee should be able to:
a) discuss the quality of driving instructions
b) create quality educational materials and put in a quality system
c) evaluate the course content.
d) evaluate the different teaching methods
e) standardize the methods of curriculum delivery
f) assess each class/student, for the purpose of continuous improvements.
Content
cxx
3.3.9T/P6 Assessment of each class/student, for the purpose of continuous improvements
Practice
3.3.9P/P0 Objective
presentation
Content
3.3.9P1 Mock presentation (micro teaching)

3.3.10C Competence
The trainee should be able to explain human behaviour in traffic.
Theory
a) outline the underlying causes and psychology of offensive driving.
b) introduce techniques of managing offensive drivers and remaining calm when driving.
c) discuss different offensive driving behaviour
Content
3.3.10T/P2 Techniques of managing offensive drivers and remaining calm when driving
3.3.10T/P3 Different offensive driving behaviour
i) speeding
- Lecture
- Exercises
3.3.11 ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION

Theory
a) explain to the candidates how to reduce the impact of motor vehicle emissions to the environment.
b) provide examples of important laws and provisions that regulates the environmental work in Kenya
c) discuss methods of reducing environmental pollution
d) discuss the impact of driver behaviour on the environment
e) identify eco- driving technique
f) demonstrate product transportation knowledge
Content
3.3.11T/P1 How to reduce the impact of motor vehicle emissions to the environment
3.3.11T/P2 Important laws and provisions that regulates the environmental work in Kenya,
cxxi
- Lectures
- Group work
- Individual work
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 TRAINING OF LIGHT VEHICLE DRIVING INSTRUCTORS
4.1 Target group
Those who aspire to be Light vehicle driving instructors.
4.2 Responsibility
a) The Authority is responsible for accrediting institutions to offer this course.
b) The Authority is responsible for developing and supervising the course.
c) The Authority is also responsible for developing driving instructor handbook and licensing of
instructors.
d) The Authority continually updates the curriculum.
4.3 Training
a) Pedagogical Education.
b) Time management.
c) Curriculum for Learner Drivers.
d) Kenya Learner Drivers Handbook.
e) Traffic safety education and statistics.
f) HGV theory education.
g) HGV practical education.
h) Traffic Act Cap 403.
i) NTSA Act.
j) Human behaviour in traffic - traffic psychology education.
k) Customer care/ public relations.
l) First Aid.
m) Alcohol and Substance abuse.
n) Vehicle mechanics.
o) Defensive driving.
4.4 Class Size
a. Tutor to student ratio will be at most 1: 24.
b. The school is required to have the following minimum equipment;
i. Classroom for candidates 6m x 8m
ii. Adequate ICT resources
iii. At least 1 light training Vehicle.
iv. At least 1 teacher at theory teaching.
cxxii
v. At least 1 trainer at practical training.
procedures of driving
school
4.4.2 Driving Administering written, oral

Instructor and practical exam
Testing
Education learning and teaching
techniques
 Teaching method
 Communication skills
writing
 Modern teaching aids
 Learner testing
 Learner testing
 The teaching model “
explain, act and
comment” for practical
education
development
4.4.4 Kenya  Lectures, assignments 10 0 10
Learner  Learner Drivers
Driver Handbook Teaching
Handbook material drawn from the
Learner Driver
Handbook
 Quality documents from
the handbook as
teaching material for
learner drivers.
instruct other drivers.
4.4.5 Traffic  Traffic safety in Kenya 20 0 20
Safety  Traffic statistics
Education  Kenya road safety work
and  Kenya statistics and
Statistics trends and compared
with other countries
cxxiii
 Impact of traffic crashes
and how it affects the
society
influence traffic safety
limits
vehicles
 Road quality influence
the traffic safety
traffic safety
 Human factor influence
the traffic safety
safety
4.4.6 Driving  Driving license system 10T 5 15
License  License categories.
Categories  Examination process
and the  Examination procedure
Driving Test  Driving school theory
and practical test
 Online test registration
and booking procedure
4.4.7 Legal  Traffic Act Cap 403, the 10 0 10
Aspects of NTSA Act 33 of 2012,
Driving Insurance third party
Act Cap 413 and other
relevant regulations.
 Sources of new
legislative information
concerning traffic
4.4.8 Time  Scheme of work 10 10 20
Planning  Lesson plan
 Producing quality
documents as teaching
material
4.4.9 Quality  Quality of driving 10 10 20
Assurance instructions
 Course content
methods
 Standard methods of
curriculum delivery
cxxiv
class/student, for the
purpose of continuous
improvements Scheme
of work
4.4.10 Human  Underlying causes and 5 0 5
Behaviour in psychology of offensive
Traffic – driving.
Traffic  Techniques of managing
Psychology offensive drivers and
Education remaining calm when
driving.
driving behaviour
vehicle emissions to
the environment.
provisions that
regulates the
environmental work in
Kenya,
 Methods of reducing
environmental
pollution.
behaviour on the
environment.
 Eco- driving technique
 Product transportation
knowledge
Total 126
4.4.1 INTRODUCTION
the driving school:
Theory/Practice
The introduction aims to give the candidate a picture of a driving school and also to show the daily work
for driving instructor.
Content
cxxv
- Demonstrations

The trainee to be able to understand the content of the course hence what will be tested at completion.
Theory/Practice
4.4.2T/P0 Objective
Content

4.4.3C Expected Outcomes
Theory
a) understand and carry out adult learning and teaching through psychology methods.
b) account for different teaching methods and their influence on teaching results and with didactic
c) demonstrate good knowledge and skills concerning verbal and non-verbal communication.
f) use modern methods to stimulate creativity among learner drivers.
g) design and perform tests and exercises for learner drivers.
h) plan, structure and present a lesson.
i) work in groups or individually.
and others
Content
4.4.3T/P11 Teaching model “ explain, act and comment” for practical education
cxxvi
4.4.3T/P12 Teaching material development

Ability to use the learner driver handbook in teaching learner drivers; both practical and theoretical light
vehicle driving in a defensive way.
Theory/Practice
a) a tool to be used to educate the learner driver on how to become a competent driver.
b) knowledge of how to make the learner driver understand the danger, complexity and responsibility
of driving.
c) knowledge of how to make the learner driver understand how their behaviour and decisions
e) be familiar with the Kenya Learner Drivers Handbook
Content
4.4.4T/P1 Learner Drivers Handbook
4.4.4T/P2 Teaching material drawn from the Learner Driver Handbook
4.4.4T/P3 Quality documents from the handbook as teaching material for learner drivers.
4.4.4T/P4 Teaching on how to instruct other drivers
4.4.4T/P5 Kenya Learner Drivers’ Handbook
- Lectures
- Assignments
- Group Discussions

Theory/Practice
a) discuss the traffic safety in Kenya
b) analyze traffic statistics
c) explain the Kenya road safety work
d) compare Kenya statistics and trends and compare with other countries
cxxvii
f) explain the salient factors that influence traffic safety
g) explain the acceptable alcohol limits
h) demonstrate the importance of safe vehicles
i) describe how the road quality influences traffic safety
j) describe how the speed influences traffic safety
k) discuss how the human factors influence traffic safety
l) discuss how alcohol and drugs abuse influence the traffic safety
Content
4.4.5T/P14 Alcohol and drugs abuse influence on traffic safety
- Lectures
- Assignments
-
Theory
b) state the license categories.
Content
Practice
cxxviii
Content
- Lectures
- Theory test
- Assignments

Theory
Content
- Lecture
- Discussion
- Exercises
4.4.8 TIME PLANNING

Theory
d) prepare test and marking schedule
Content
cxxix
Practice
4.4.8P/P0 Objective
By the end of this unit the trainee should be able to prepare and present a lesson plan and scheme
of work
Content
- Lectures
- Exercises
4.4. 9 QUALITY ASSURANCE

knowledge.
Theory
Content
Practice
4.4.9P/P0 Objective
presentation
Content

Theory
Content
cxxx
i) speeding
- Lecture
- Exercises

Theory
Content
- Lectures
- Group work
- Individual work
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 TRAINING OF MOTORCYCLE RIDER INSTRUCTORS
5.1 Target group
Those who aspire to be motor cycle riding instructors.
5.2 Responsibility
Responsibility
i. The Authority is responsible for accrediting institutions to offer this course.
ii. The Authority is responsible for developing and supervising the course.
iii. The Authority is also responsible for developing driving instructor handbook and licensing of
instructors.
cxxxi
iv. The Authority continually updates the curriculum.
2.3 Training
a) Pedagogical Education.
b) Time management.
c) Curriculum for Learner Drivers.
d) Kenya Learner Drivers Handbook.
e) Traffic safety education and statistics.
f) HGV theory education.
g) HGV practical education.
h) Traffic Act Cap 403.
i) NTSA Act.
j) Human behaviour in traffic - traffic psychology education.
k) Customer care/ public relations.
l) First Aid.
m) Alcohol and Substance abuse.
n) Vehicle mechanics.
o) Defensive driving.
2.4 Class Size
a. Tutor to student ratio will be at most 1: 24.
b. The school is required to have the following minimum equipment;
i. Classroom for candidates 6m x 8m
ii. Adequate ICT resources
iii. At least 1 Motorcycle for training.
iv. At least 1 teacher at theory teaching.
v. At least 1 trainer at practical training.

Code Unit Content Time
(Hours)
5.5.1 Introduction  Administrative procedures 1 0 1
of driving school
5.5.2 Driving  Administering written, oral
Instructor and practical exam
Testing
5.5.3 Pedagogical  Psychology of adult learning 20 0 20
Education and teaching techniques
 Teaching method
 Communication skills
 Goal and Objective writing
 Modern teaching aids
 Learner testing
cxxxii
 Learner testing
 The teaching model “
explain, act and comment”
for practical education
development
5.5.4 Kenya  Lectures, assignments 10 0 10
Learner  Teaching material drawn
Driver from the Learner Driver
Handbook Handbook
 Quality documents from the
handbook as teaching
material for learner drivers.
instruct other drivers
5.5.5 Traffic  Traffic safety in Kenya 20 0 20
Safety  Traffic statistics
Education  Kenya road safety work
and  Kenya statistics and trends
Statistics and compared with other
countries
 Impact of traffic crashes and
how it affects the society
 Salient factors that influence
traffic safety
 Acceptable alcohol limits
 Importance of safe vehicles
 Road quality influence the
traffic safety
 Speed influence the traffic
safety
 Human factor influence the
traffic safety
Alcohol and drugs influence on
traffic safety
5.5.6 Driving  Driving license system 10 5 15
License categories.
Categories  Examination process
and the  Examination procedure
Driving Test  Driving school theory and
practical test
 Online test registration and
booking procedure
cxxxiii
5.5.7 Legal  Traffic Act Cap 403, the NTSA 10 0 10
Aspects of Act 33 of 2012, Insurance
Driving third party Act Cap 413 and
 Sources of new legislative
information concerning
traffic
5.5.8 Time  Scheme of work 10 10 20
Planning  Lesson plan
 Producing quality documents
5.5.9 Quality  Quality of driving 10 10 20
Assurance instructions
 Course content
 Different teaching methods
 Standard methods of
curriculum delivery
class/student, for the
purpose of continuous
improvements Scheme of
work
5.5.10 Human  Underlying causes and 5 0 5
Behaviour in psychology of offensive
Traffic – driving.
Traffic  Techniques of managing
Psychology offensive drivers and
Education remaining calm when
driving.
 Different offensive driving
behaviour
5.5.11 Environmen  How to reduce the impact 5 0 5
t Education of motor vehicle emissions
to the environment.
provisions that regulates
the environmental work in
Kenya,
 Methods of reducing
environmental pollution.
 Impact of driver behaviour
on the environment.
 Eco- driving technique
 Product transportation
knowledge
Total 126
cxxxiv
5.5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.5.1.2 Expected Outcome
the driving school:
Theory
a) the role of a driving school
b) the daily work of a driving instructor
Content
5.5.1T/P2 Daily work of a driving instructor
- Presentation/lecture
- Demonstrations

The trainee will understand the content of the course and how it will be examined.
Theory/Practice
5.5.2T/P0 Objective
Content

Theory/Practice
a) understand and carry out adult learning and teaching through psychology methods.
b) account for different teaching methods and their influence on teaching results and with didactic
c) demonstrate good knowledge and skills concerning verbal and non-verbal communication.
f) use modern methods to stimulate creativity among learner drivers.
g) design and perform tests and exercises for learner drivers.
h) plan, structure and present a lesson.
i) work in groups or individually.
cxxxv
and others
Content
5.5.3T/P11 Teaching model “ explain, act and comment” for practical education
5.5.3T/P12 Teaching material development

Ability to use the learner driver handbook in teaching learner drivers; both practical and theoretical
motor cycle riding in a defensive way.
Theory/Practice
a) A tool to be used to educate the learner driver on how to become a competent driver.
b) Knowledge of how to make the learner driver understand the danger, complexity and responsibility
of riding a motor cycle..
c) Knowledge of how to make the learner driver understand how their behaviour and decisions
d) Knowledge about human behaviour and how to become a defensive driver
e) Be familiar with the Kenya Learner Drivers Handbook
Content
5.5.4T/P1 Educating learners to become competent drivers
5.5.4T/P2 Dangers, complexity and responsibility of driving a motorcycle
5.5.4T/P3 Impact of behavior and decisions on other road users
5.5.4T/P4 Human factors in defensive driving.
5.5.4T/P5 Kenya Learner Drivers’ Handbook.
- Lectures, assignments
cxxxvi
- Group Discussions

Theory/Practice
a) discuss the traffic safety in Kenya.
b) analyze traffic statistics.
c) explain the Kenya road safety work.
d) compare Kenya statistics and trends and compare with other countries.
f) explain the salient factors that influence traffic safety
g) explain the acceptable alcohol limits
h) demonstrate the importance of safe vehicles
i) describe how the road quality influences the traffic safety
j) describe how the speed influences the traffic safety
k) discuss how the human factors influence the traffic safety
l) discuss how alcohol and drugs influence the traffic safety
Content
5.5.5T/P9 Road quality influence the traffic safety
5.5.5T/P10 Speed influence the traffic safety
5.5.5T/P11 Human factor influence the traffic safety
5.5.5T/P12 Alcohol and drugs influence on traffic safety
- Lectures
- Assignments

Theory
cxxxvii
b) state the license categories
both theory and practical
Content
Practice
Content
- Lectures
- Theory test
- Assignments

Theory
Content
- Lecture
- Discussion
- Exercises
cxxxviii
5.5.8 TIME PLANNING
Theory
d) prepare tests and marking schedules
Content
5.5.8T/P1 The scheme of work
5.5.8T/P2 The lesson plan.
Practice
5.5.8P/P0 Objective
By the end of this unit the trainee should be able to prepare and present a lesson plan and scheme of
work
Content
- Lectures
- Exercises
5.5. 9 QUALITY ASSURANCE

knowledge.
Theory
Content
Practice
cxxxix
5.5.9P/P0 Objective
presentation
Content

Theory
Content
i) speeding
Practice
5.5.10P/P0 Objective
presentation
Content
- Lecture
- Exercises

Theory
Content
cxl
- Lectures
- Group work
- Individual work
cxli
Part 3

LICENSING DRIVER EXAMINERS
cxlii
Table of Content
Foreword ........................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Acknowledgement ......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 146
1.1 Foreword ............................................................................................................................ 146
1.2 Background ........................................................................................................................ 146
1.3 Use...................................................................................................................................... 146
1.4 Goal of the training course ................................................................................................ 147
CHAPTER TWO ...................................................................................................................................... 173
2.0 Training, Testing And Licensing of HCV Driver Examiners ................................................. 173
2.1 Target Group ...................................................................................................................... 173
2.2 Responsibility for the Course ............................................................................................. 173
2.3 Required Qualifications for the HCV Driving Test Examiner Course .................................. 173
2.4 Training .............................................................................................................................. 173
2.5 Examination ....................................................................................................................... 174
2.6 Course Structure, Content and Time Allocation ................................................................ 175
2.2.1 Orientation Week at a Driving Test Centre ........................................................................ 179
2.2.2 Introduction of the Course ................................................................................................. 180
2.2.3 Human Behaviour (The Human in the Driving Test) .......................................................... 182
2.2.4 Role of a Professional Examiner ......................................................................................... 184
2.2.5 Knowledge about the Learner Driver Handbook, the Curriculum For Driver Examination
and the Curriculum for Driving Licenses ........................................................................... 188
2.2.6 Traffic ACT/NTSA ACT and other legislations ..................................................................... 190
2.2.7 First Aid, Fire Fighting......................................................................................................... 191
2.2.8 Eco-Driving and Environmental Issues ............................................................................... 192
2.2.9 Standardized Driving Test .................................................................................................. 193
2.2.10 Final Test ............................................................................................................................. xcii
2.2.11 Evaluation................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER THREE ....................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.0 Training, Testing and Licensing of Small Vehicle Driving Test Examiners ... Error! Bookmark
not defined.
3.1 Target Group ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2 Responsibility for the Course .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3 Required qualifications for the small vehicle driving test examiner course Error! Bookmark
not defined.
3.5 Examination ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3.1 Orientation Week at a Driving Test Centre ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
cxliii
3.3.2 Human Behaviour (The Human in the Driving Test) (Refresher Course) ... Error! Bookmark
not defined.
3.3.3 Knowledge about the Learner Driver Handbook, The Curriculum for Driver Examination
and the Curriculum for Driving Licenses ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3.4 Traffic ACT/NTSA ACT and other Legislations ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3.5 Eco-Driving and Environmental Issues .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3.8 Final Test ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER FOUR.......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.0 Training, Testing and Licensing of PSV Driving Test Examiners ............. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.3 Required Qualifications for the Driving Test Examiner Course.............. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.5 The Course Structure and Content ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.7 Course Sub topics and Time Allocation ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.2 Introduction of the Course ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.3 Human Behaviour (The Human in the Driving Test) ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.4 Role of a Professional Examiner .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
and the Curriculum for Driving Licenses ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.6 Traffic ACT /NTSA ACT and other Legislations ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.7 Eco-Driving and Environmental Issues .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.8 First Aid, Fire Fighting.............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.9 Standardized Driving Test ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.0 Training, Testing and Licensing of Motorcycle Rider Examiners............ Error! Bookmark not
defined.
5.3 Required Qualifications for the Riding Test Examiner Course Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.5 The Course Structure and Content ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.7 Course Sub topics and Time Allocation ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
cxliv
5.5.2 Introduction of the Course ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.5.3 Human Behaviour (The Human in the Driving Test) ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.5.4 Role of a Professional Examiner .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
and the Curriculum for Driving Licenses ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.5.6 Traffic ACT/NTSA and Other Legislations ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.5.7 Eco-Driving And Environmental Issues ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.5.8 First Aid, Fire Fighting.............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.5.9 Standardized Driving Test ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
cxlv
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Foreword
This curriculum is designed for training of driving test examiners. The curriculum is also a
quality assurance and groundwork for further courses. The content and goal in this curriculum
will place a level of the knowledge and competence that each individual examiner shall reach.
1.2 Background
Traffic crashes constitute economic and health challenges nationally, due to all those who are
killed and injured. Human error has been cited as the major contributor to road crashes. The
Government has recognized that part of the problem stems from the driver licensing system,
beginning with the training and licensing of driving test examiners. The driving test in many ways
controls how citizens are trained in driving, the current testing system leaves a lot to be desired,
thus the need for change.
Conducting driving tests is a complex process. The examiner needs to be conversant with the
laws governing traffic and also how to take care of the trainees. The examiner should also know
how to conduct a standardized driving test for all trainees.
The driving test examiner is a person in authority and this puts a high demands on him/her. The
examiner needs to be impartial, have an open mind and an accepted attitude. He/she must
maintain a high level of objectivity irrespective of nationality, race, ethnicity, religion and gender
of the trainee being tested. The examiner should also behave in a way that makes the trainee feel
comfortable and thus be in a position to perform their best. The examiner has the responsibility of
deciding who passes the driving test.
1.3 Use
This curriculum is to be used for training of driving test examiners, thus those who aspire to be
driving test examiners are expected to familiarize themselves with its contents and learn the
requirements to work as an examiner.
146
The result of the course is to have well-trained and competent examiners who will enhance the
quality of the driver licensing system and help to improve the road safety situation in Kenya.
1.4 Examiners License Clusters

The Authority has clustered examiners licenses into 2 Levels:
(a) Examiners Level 1: Licence Categories A, B.

(b) Examiners Level 2 : Licence Categories C, D,E,G
1.5 Goal of the training course

The goal after completing the course should be that the trainee has acquired the knowledge and
skills required for assessing aspiring drivers/riders. The training shall also ensure that the driving
test examiner has wide knowledge of road safety.
147
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 TRAINING, TESTING AND LICENSING OF LEVEL 1 DRIVER EXAMINERS
2.1 Target Group

Those who aspire to be appointed by the Authority, as examiners of license categories A & B.
2.2 Responsibility for the Course

The regulating body is charged with the responsibility of developing and supervising the course.
They are also responsible for developing course books, learning materials and licensing. .
2.3 Required Qualifications for the light cars and motorcycle Driving Test Examiner Course
i) Must hold the driving license for the category A & B.
ii) Minimum 5 years’ experience of driving.
iv) Minimum diploma holder
v) Not convicted of a serious traffic offence
vi) Police clearance certificate
vii) Passed medical test (including eye-sight)
viii) Three years’ experience as a driving instructor/trainer
ix) Be a member of a professional body approved by the Authority.
2.4 Training
The training alternates between group studies and practice. The main topics during group studies
will concentrate on the Traffic Act cap 403, human behaviour, the professional role as an
examiner, knowledge about environmental issues (eco-driving) and First Aid; but also how to
follow the curriculum for driver training.
The main topics during practical training will concentrate on the curriculum for conducting the
driving test and the professional role as an examiner.
148
2.4.1 Theoretical Training
The theoretical training is divided in different subtopics. The contents and goals are
specified below (see sub topics).
2.4.2 Practical Training

Under the practical training the trainee is accompanied by a supervisor. The supervisor
shall support and encourage the trainee in the learning and development, so he/she can
convert the theoretical training into proficiencies and gradually grow into the professional
role as an examiner.
2.4.3 Course Structure and Content

 The course is divided into a number of subtopics.
 The total duration of the course is four (4) months.
 Theory and practice is alternated. Schedule is made before every new course and
shall be announced to the trainees before the start of the course.
 The trainees must attend at least 80% of the course to be allowed to sit for exams.
2.5 Examination
a. The examination is an objective assessment of the trainee’s ability to perform as a driving
test examiner. The examination tests the trainee’s knowledge and skills.
b. The examination is conducted through theoretical tests, oral presentations and practical test
(conducting a driving test).
c. Continuous Assessment tests of 2 hours shall be administered after every 40 hours/5 days
of learning.
d. The examinations are conducted so that the regulating body which licenses and appoints
examiners is certain that the trainees possess the knowledge and skills required of a driving
test examiner.
2.5.1 Examination content

The trainee must pass every subtopic and final exam.
2.5.2 Final examination
149
To receive a certificate:
i) The trainee must have passed all tests
ii) The trainee must demonstrate the right attitude and character.
2.5.3 Repeating the examination

If a trainee fails in any subtopic test he/she can take the test again however the trainee is
allowed a maximum of three tries under the running course time. After three tries one
retakes the entire course.
2.6 Course Structure, Content and Time Allocation

(Hours)
Theory Practical Total

2.2.1 Reporting and  Registration Process 8 0 8
orientation at the  The procedures at the
training centre centre
 Overview of the course
outline
2.2.2 Introduction of  Obligations of the trainee 8 0 8
the Course
150
(Hours)

2.2.3 Human  Theories about human 16 20 36
Behaviour (The behaviour and different
human in the personalities in driving
driving test)  Behaviour as a professional
examiner
 Group pressure and the social
driver
 The cultural aspects and
human relations
 Perception and the design of
the traffic environment
 Communication methods
2.2.4 Role of a  Role of examiner 16 0 16
professional  Guiding documents
examiner (Traffic sign chart, model
town, assessment
checklist)
 Role of the Authority
 Moral and ethical
obligations of the
examiner.
 Handling conflicts of
interest and unethical
behaviour.
2.2.5 Orientation week  Work, goals and the centre’s 16 0 16
at a driving test function.
centre  Mock driving tests
151
(Hours)

2.2.6 Knowledge  Assessing the candidate’s 40 0 40
about the knowledge of the Learner
Learner Driver drivers’ handbook.
Handbook, the  Interpreting the Curriculum
Curriculum for for light cars and motorcycle`
Driver
Drivers.
Examination and
 Interpreting the Curriculum
the Curriculum
for Driving for Driving schools.
Licenses  Conducting Driving exams.
2.2.7 Traffic  Knowledge on Traffic rules 24 0 40

Act/NTSA Act and road transport
and other regulations, as stipulated in
Legislations the NTSA Act No. 33 of
2012, Traffic Act Cap. 403
and other relevant
legislations.
2.2.8 First Aid, Fire  care of people at a crash 8 8 16
Fighting scene and action when a
vehicle is on fire
 The fire triangle
 Inflammable goods
 Dangerous goods
 LABC (location-airways-
breathing-circulation), CPR
(cardiopulmonary
resuscitation) with
theoretical and practical
moment
2.2.9 Special  Environmental issues 16 0 16
conditions for  Greenhouse effect
driving light cars  Different fuels
and motorcycle
 Eco-driving effects on the
environment
 Knowledge about
Pollutants and pollution
2.2.10 Standardized  Driving test structure. 24 0 24
Driving Test  How to fill in the required
documents.
152
(Hours)
 Methodology and guidelines

on preparing a test
 Examining a candidate.
2.2.11 Examining  Conducting theoretical and 0 80 80
Practice practical driving tests over a
period of 2 weeks.
TOTAL 168 108 276
153
2.2.1 Reporting and Orientation at the Training Centre

The trainee will be able to outline the procedures carried out at the Training Centre.
(a) Explain Registration process.
(b) Outline the procedures of registering at the training centre
(c) Outline the overview of the course
Content
2.2.1T/P1 Registration Process
2.2.1T/P2 Process of registering at the training centre
2.2.1T/P3 Overview of the course outline
Responsible
Supervisor
Where
Examiners Training centre
Time
Participate at the centre 8 hours
Demands
Meet minimum qualifications
Training method
Participatory
Suggested Teaching and Learning Activities

- Interactive lectures
- Discussions
- Demonstration
154
- Audio visual
- Field trips
Suggested Teaching and Learning Resources

- Text books
- Internet
- Journals
Suggested Assessment Methods

Checklist
2.2.2 INTRODUCTION OF THE COURSE

The trainee should be able to familiarize with the course.
Theory/Practice
By the end of this unit the trainee should be able to explain the obligations of a trainee at a
training centre.
Content
2.2.2T/P1 Obligations of trainees
Responsible
- Manager and senior trainers/teachers
Where
- Group studies in class room
Time
155
- 8 hours Participation at the centre
Demands
- Active class participation
Training method
- Discussions and lectures

- Discussions
- Demonstration
- Audio visual

- Text books
- Internet
- Journals

- Oral tests
- Assignment
156
2.2.3 HUMAN BEHAVIOUR (THE HUMAN IN THE DRIVING TEST)

The trainee should be able to explain human behaviour when the test is carried out.
Theory/Practice
(a) Explain theories about human behaviour and different personalities in driving.
(b) Demonstrate a professional examiner’s behaviour.
(c) Explain group pressure and the social driver.
(d) Identify the cultural aspects and human relations.
(e) Explain perception and the design of the traffic environment.
(f) Identify techniques of communicating with other road users.
Content
2.2.3T/P1 Theories about human behaviour and different personalities in driving
2.2.3T/P2 Behaviour as a professional examiner
2.2.3T/P3 Group pressure and the social driver
2.2.3T/P4 Cultural aspects and human relations
2.2.3T/P5 Perception and the design of the traffic environment
2.2.3T/P6 Communication methods
Responsible
Where
- Group Studies in the classroom
Time
- In class with trainers/teachers approx. 16 hours
- Individual work/ research approximated time 20 hours
157
Demands
- Attendance and active participation
- Continuous Assessment Test /Assignment
Training method
- Lectures
- Group work
- Individual work
Materials
- Distributed work material made by teacher/trainer

- Discussions
- Demonstration
- Audio visual

- Text books
- Internet
- Journals

- Oral/written tests
- Assignment
- Project work
- Class attendance
158
2.2.4 ROLE OF A PROFESSIONAL EXAMINER

The trainee should be able to demonstrate the role of a professional examiner.
a) Explain the role of the examiner.
b) Identify guiding documents in examination.
c) Explain the role of the Authority.
d) Discuss the moral and ethical obligations of the examiner.
e) Demonstrate practical techniques of handling conflicts of interest and unethical
behaviour.
Content
2.2.4T/P1 Role of examiner
2.2.4T/P2 Guiding documents (Traffic sign chart, model town, assessment checklist)
159
2.2.4T/P3 Role of the Authority
2.2.4T/P4 Moral and ethical obligations of the examiner.
2.2.4T/P5 Conflicts of interest and unethical behaviour.
Responsible
- Selected teacher/trainer
Where
Group studies in class room
Time
16 hours in classroom,
Demands
Active participation
Attendance
Training method
- Lectures
- Group work and individual work
Materials
- Distributed up to date material from the responsible trainer/teacher

- Discussions
- Demonstration
- Audio visual

- Text books
- Internet
- Journal
160
- Guiding documents for examination (Traffic sign chart, model town, assessment
checklist)

- Assignment
- Project work
2.2.5 ORIENTATION AT A DRIVING TEST CENTRE

The trainee to demonstrate knowledge of a driving test centre.
161
Theory/Practice
(a) Describe the process of examining at a driving test centre.
(b) Conduct a mock driving test.
Content
2.2.1T/P1 Process of examining at the centre.
2.2.1T/P3 Mock driving test Examination.
Responsible
- Supervisor
Where
- Driving test centre
Time
- 16 hours participation at the centre
Demands
- Orientation report
Training method
- Lectures
- Demonstration

- Discussions
- Demonstration
- Audio visual
- Field trips
162
- Centre examiners
- Internet
- Journals

- Oral tests
- Assignment
2.2.6 KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE LEARNER DRIVER HANDBOOK AND THE

CURRICULUM FOR LICENSING OF MOTORCYCLES, LIGHT VEHICLES,
INSTRUCTORS AND DRIVING SCHOOLS

The trainee should be able to discuss the Learner driver handbook and the curricula for Licensing
of Motorcycles, Light Drivers, Instructors and Driving schools.
By the end of this unit the trainee should be able to
Assess the candidate’s knowledge of the Learner drivers’ handbook.
163
(a) Interpret the Curriculum for light cars and motorcycle drivers.
(b) Interpret Curriculum for driving schools.
(c) Interpret Curriculum for Instructors.
(d) Conduct driving exams.
Content
2.2.5T/P1 Learner drivers’ Handbook.
2.2.5T/P2 Curriculum for light cars and motorcycle` Drivers.
2.2.5T/P3 Curriculum for Driving schools.
2.2.5T/P3 Curriculum for Instructors.
2.2.5T/P4 Driving exams.
Responsible
- Supervisors
Where
Group studies in classroom
Time
- Theoretical 40 hours
Demands
- Attendance
Continuous Assessment Tests
Training method
- Lectures
- Group work
- Individual work
Materials
- Learner drivers’ handbook.
- Driving examination guideline.
- Curricula for light cars and motorcycle Drivers and Driving Schools
164
2.2.7 TRAFFIC ACT/ NTSA ACT AND OTHER LEGISLATIONS

The trainee should be able to demonstrate knowledge of the Traffic Act/ NTSA Act and other
relevant legislations.
Theory/Practice
Apply knowledge on Traffic rules and road transport regulations, as stipulated in the NTSA
Act No. 33 of 2012, Traffic Act Cap. 403 and other relevant legislations
Content
2.2.7T/P1 Traffic rules and Road transport regulations, as stipulated in the NTSA Act No. 33 of 2012,
Traffic Act Cap. 403 and other relevant legislations
Responsible
- Supervisors
Where
Time
Demands
165
- Score: Passed/not passed
-
Training method
Lectures and group work
- Reading assignment
Training Materials
- The Traffic Act
- NTSA Act
- Other relevant Acts
2.2.8 FIRST AID AND FIRE FIGHTING

The trainee should be able to demonstrate skills in First Aid and firefighting.
Theory/Practice
By the end of this unit the trainee shall be able to:
(a) Demonstrate how to take care of people at a crash scene and action to take when a vehicle is
on fire.
(b) Discuss the Fire triangle.
(c) Identify and classify flammable goods.
(d) Identify dangerous goods.
(e) Discuss LABC (location-airways-breathing-circulation), CPR (cardiopulmonary
resuscitation) with theoretical and practical moment.
Content
2.2.7T/P1 Care of people at a crash scene and action when a vehicle is on fire
2.2.7T/P2 Fire triangle
2.2.7T/P3 Inflammable goods
2.2.7T/P4 Dangerous goods
2.2.7T/P5 LABC (location-airways-breathing-circulation), CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) with
theoretical and practical moment
166
Responsible
Selected teacher/trainer
Where
Field demonstrations
Time
Theory 8 Hours
practice 8 hours
Demands
 Attendance
 Score: Passed/not passed
 Examination: Practical demonstration
Training Materials
- First Aid training manual
- Demonstration kits
2.2.9 SPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR DRIVING LIGHT CARS AND MOTORCYCLE

The trainee will be able to demonstrate knowledge of the special conditions for driving light
cars and motorcycle.
Theory/Practice
2.2.9T/P0 Objective
By the end of the unit, the trainee will be able to:
(a) Explain convoy driving
(b) Discuss incident management
(c) Discuss Environmental issues affecting driving
167
(d) Explain the Greenhouse effect on the environment
(e) Describe different fuels
(f) Discuss eco-driving effects on the environment
(g) Demonstrate knowledge about pollutants and pollution
Content
2.2.8T/P1 Convoy driving
2.2.8T/P2 Incident management
2.2.8T/P3 Environmental issues
2.2.8T/P4 Greenhouse effect
2.2.8T/P5 Different fuels
2.2.8T/P6 Eco-driving effects on the environment
2.2.8T/P7 Pollutants and pollution
Responsible
Selected teacher/trainer and a lecture in environmental issues
Where
Group studies in class-room and practical driving
Time schedule
- Theoretical training 16 hours
Training Methods
- Relevant documents and material
Demands
- Attendance
168
2.2.10 STANDARDIZED DRIVING TEST

The trainee will be able to conduct a standardized driving test.
Theory/Practice
By the end of the unit, the trainee shall be able to:
(a) Prepare a driving test structure.

(b) Demonstrate how to complete the required documents before a test
(c) Describe the methodology and guidelines on preparing a test.
(d) Demonstrate the ability to examine a candidate.
Content
2.2.9T/P1 Driving test structure.
2.2.9T/P2 Examination documents.
2.2.9T/P3 Methodology and guidelines on preparing a test
2.2.9T/P4 Candidate under Examination.
 Theory test
 Practical test
 Award of marks
Responsible
Where
Group studies in class room and at the driving test centres
Time Schedule
169
Demands
 Attendance
Training Method
Theoretical and practical training in following the standardized driving test
Micro-teaching
Training Materials
 The standardized driving test

 Guidelines
2.2.11 EXAMINING PRACTICE

The trainee shall be able to competently test the candidate in both theory and practical.
Theory/Practice
By the end of the unit the trainee will be able to competently examine in both theory and
practical
Content
2.2.11T/P1 Theoretical and practical driving tests.
Responsible
Supervisor
Where
At the test centre
Time Schedule
170
80 Hours ( 2weeks)
Demands

 Examination: The trainee must perform/succeed in conducting tests for at least 30
candidates in theory and practical all tests must be performed following the standardized
rules in conducting driving tests. The supervisor shall undertake a parallel testing of the
candidates and prepare a comparison report.
 If the trainee fails he/she should have one more attempt not less than two weeks depending
on if he/she has performed well in rest of the course
Training Method
The trainee shall conduct both theory and practical tests at the test centre.
Training Materials
Theory tests and driving tests sheets
171
172
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 TRAINING, TESTING AND LICENSING OF LEVEL 2 DRIVER EXAMINERS
3.1 Target Group

Those who aspire to be appointed by the Authority, as examiners for license categories C, D, E &
G.

3.3 Required Qualifications for the HGV Driving Test Examiner Course
i) Must hold the driving license for categories C, D, & G.
ii) Minimum 5 years’ experience of driving.
iv) Minimum diploma holder.
v) Not convicted of a serious traffic offence.
vii) Passed medical test (including eye-sight).
viii) Three years’ experience as driving instructor/trainer.
ix) Be a member of a professional body approved by the Authority.
3.4 Training
The training alternates between group studies and practice. The main topics during group studies
will concentrate on the Traffic Act cap 403, human behaviour, the professional role as an
examiner, knowledge about environmental issues (eco-driving) and First Aid; but also how to
follow the curriculum for driver training.
173
The main topics during practical training will concentrate on the curriculum for conducting the
driving test and the professional role as an examiner.
3.4.1 Theoretical Training

The theoretical training is divided in different subtopics. The contents and goals are
specified below (see sub topics).
3.4.3 Practical Training

Under the practical training the trainee is accompanied by a supervisor. The supervisor
shall support and encourage the trainee in the learning and development, so he/she can
convert the theoretical training into proficiencies and gradually grow into the professional
role as an examiner.
3.4.4 Course Structure and Content

The course is divided into a number of subtopics. The total duration of the course is four
(4) months. Theory and practice is alternated. Schedule is made before every new course
and shall be announced to the trainees before the start of the course. The trainees must
attend at least 80% of the course to be allowed to sit for exams.
3.5 Examination
a. The examination is an objective assessment of the trainee’s ability to perform as a driving
test examiner. The examination tests the trainee’s knowledge and skills.
b. The examination is conducted through theoretical tests, oral presentations and practical test
(conducting a driving test).
c. Continuous Assessment tests of 2 hours shall be administered after every 40 hours (5 days
) of learning.
d. The examinations are conducted so that the regulating body which licenses and appoints
examiners is certain that the trainees possess the knowledge and skills required of a driving
test examiner.
3.5.1 Examination content

The trainee must pass every subtopic and final exam.
174
3.5.3 Final examination
To receive a certificate:
iii) The trainee must have passed all tests
iv) The trainee must have the appropriate attitude and character.
3.5.4 Repeating the examination

If a trainee fails in any subtopic test he/she can take the test again however the trainee is
allowed a maximum of three tries under the running course time. After three tries one
retakes the entire course.
3.6 Course Structure, Content and Time Allocation

3.3.1 Reporting and  Registration 8 0 8
orientation at procedures at the
the training training centre
centre and overview of
the course
3.3.2 Introduction of  Goals, demands 8 0 8
the Course and contents of
the course
 Obligations of
trainees
175

3.3.3 Human  Theories about 16 20 36
Behaviour (The human behaviour
human in the and different
driving test) personalities in
driving
 Behaviour as a
professional
examiner
 Group pressure
and the social
driver
 The cultural
aspects and
human relations
 Perception and
the design of the
traffic
environment
 Communication
methods
3.3.4 Role of a  Role of examiner 16 0 16
professional  Guiding
examiner documents
(Traffic sign
chart, model
town,
assessment
checklist)
 Role of the
Authority
 Moral and
ethical
obligations of
the examiner.
 Handling
conflicts of
interest and
unethical
behaviour.
176

3.3.5 Orientation at  Work, goals and 0 16 16
the Driving test the centre’s
centre function.
 Mock driving
tests
3.3.6 Knowledge  Knowledge of the 40 0 40
about the Learner drivers’
Learner Driver handbook.
Handbook, the  Curriculum for
Curriculum for HGV Drivers.
Driver
 Curriculum for the
Examination
Driving schools.
and the
Curriculum for  Conducting
Driving Driving exams
Licenses
3.3.7 Traffic  NTSA Act No. 33 24 0 24

Act/NTSA Act of 2012, Traffic
and other Act Cap. 403 and
Legislations other relevant
legislations.
3.3.8 First Aid, Fire  Care of people at a 8 8 16
Fighting crash scene and
action when a
vehicle is on fire
 The fire triangle
 Inflammable
goods
 Dangerous goods
 LABC (location-
airways-
breathing-
circulation), CPR
(cardiopulmonary
resuscitation)
with theoretical
and practical
moment
177

3.3.9 Special  Convoy driving 8 0 8
conditions for  Incident
driving HGV management
 Environmental
issues
 Greenhouse effect
 Different fuels
 Eco-driving
effects on the
environment
 Knowledge about
Pollutants and
pollution
3.3.10 Standardized  Structure and 24 0 24
Driving Test content in the
driving test. How
to fill in the
required
documents.
 Methodology and
guidelines on
preparing a test
 Examining a
candidate
3.3.11 Examining  Theoretical and 0 80 80
practice practical driving
tests over a period
of 2 weeks.
TOTAL 168 108 276
178
3.3.1 REPORTING AND ORIENTATION AT THE TRAINING CENTRE

The trainee will have knowledge of the procedures of the institution and familiarize with the
course
Theory/Practice
By the end of the unit the trainee will be able to explain the procedures at the training centre.
Content
3.3.1T/P1 Registration procedures at the training centre and overview of the course
Responsible
- Supervisor
Where
- Examiners Training centre
Time
- Participate at the centre 8 hours
Demands
Meet minimum qualifications
Training method
- Participatory

- Discussions
- Demonstration
- Audio visual
- Field trips
179

- Text books
- Internet
- Journals

Checklist
3.3.2 INTRODUCTION OF THE COURSE

The trainee should be able to understand the units of the course.
Theory/Practice
By the end of this unit the trainee should be able to explain;
(a) The demands of the course and
(b) His/her obligations as an examiner.
Content
3.3.2T/P1 Goals, demands and contents of the course
3.3.2T/P2 Obligations of trainees
Responsible
Where
- Group studies in class room
Time
180
- 8 hours Participation at the centre
Demands
- Active class participation
Training method
- Discussions and lectures

- Discussions
- Demonstration
- Audio visual

- Text books
- Internet
- Journals
- Oral tests
- Assignment
181
3.3.3 HUMAN BEHAVIOUR (THE HUMAN IN THE DRIVING TEST)

The trainee should be able to explain human behaviour when the test is carried out
Theory/Practice
By the end of this unit, the trainee will be able to:
(a) Explain theories about human behaviour and different personalities in driving.
(b) Demonstrate a professional examiner’s behaviour.
(c) Explain group pressure and the social driver.
(d) Identify the cultural aspects and human relations.
(e) Explain perception and the design of the traffic environment.
(f) Identify techniques of communicating with other road users.
Content
3.3.3T/P1 Theories about human behaviour and different personalities in driving
3.3.3T/P2 Professional examiner behaviour
3.3.3T/P3 Group pressure and the social driver
3.3.3T/P4 Cultural aspects and human relations
3.3.3T/P5 Perception and the design of the traffic environment
3.3.3T/P6 Communication methods
Responsible
Where
- Group Studies in the classroom
Time
- In class with trainers/teachers approx. 16 hours
- Individual work/ research approximated time 20 hours
182
Demands
- Attendance and active participation
- Continuous Assessment Test Assignment
Training method
- Lectures
- Group work
- Individual work
Materials
- Distributed work material made by teacher/trainer

- Discussions
- Demonstration
- Audio visual

- Text books
- Internet
- Journals

- Assignment
- Project work
- Class attendance
183
3.3.4 ROLE OF A PROFESSIONAL EXAMINER

The trainee should be able to demonstrate the role of a professional examiner.
(a)
Explain the role of the examiner.
(b)
Identify guiding documents in examination.
(c)
Explain the role of the Authority.
(d)
Discuss the moral and ethical obligations of the examiner.
(e)
Demonstrate practical techniques of handling conflicts of interest and unethical
behaviour.
Content
3.3.4TP1 Role of examiner
3.3.4T/P2 Guiding documents (Traffic sign chart, model town, assessment checklist)
184
3.3.4T/P3 Role of the Authority
3.3.4T/P4 Moral and ethical obligations of the examiner.
3.3.4T/P5 Conflicts of interest and unethical behaviour.
Responsible
Where
Time
16 hours in classroom,
Demands
Active participation
Attendance
Training method
- Lectures
- Group work and individual work
Materials
- Distributed up to date material from the responsible trainer/teacher

- Discussions
- Demonstration
- Audio visual

- Text books
- Internet
- Journal
185
- Guiding documents for examination (Traffic sign chart, model town, assessment
checklist)

- Assignment
- Project work
3.3.5 ORIENTATION AT A DRIVING TEST CENTRE

The trainee to demonstrate knowledge of a driving test centre.
186
Practice
(a) Describe the process of examination at a driving test centre.
(b) Conduct a mock driving test.
Content
i) 3.3.1T/P1 Work, goals and the center’s function.
ii) 3.3.1T/P2 Mock driving tests.
Responsible
- Supervisor
Where
- Driving test centre
Time
- 16 hours participation at the centre
Demands
- Orientation report
Training method
- Lectures
- Demonstration

- Discussions
- Demonstration
- Audio visual
- Field trips

- Centre examiners
187
- Internet
- Journals

- Oral tests
- Assignment
3.3.6 KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE LEARNER DRIVER HANDBOOK AND THE

CURRICULUM FOR LICENSING OF CLASS C,D & G DRIVERS, INSTRUCTORS
AND DRIVING SCHOOLS

The trainee should be able to discuss the Learner drivers’ handbook and the curricula for HGV
Drivers and Driving schools.
188
(a) Assess the candidate knowledge on the Learner drivers’ handbook.
(b) Interpret the Curriculum for Classes C,D & G drivers
(c) Interpret Curriculum for the Driving schools.
(d) Conduct driving exams.
Content
3.3.6T/P1 Learner drivers’ handbook.
3.3.6T/P2 Curriculum for Classes C,D & G Drivers.
3.3.6T/P3 Curriculum for the Driving schools.
3.3.6T/P4 Curriculum for Instructors.
3.3.6T/P5 Conducting Driving exams.
Responsible
- Supervisors
Where
Group studies in classroom
Time
Demands
- Attendance
Continuous Assessment Test School’s curricula curriculum
Training method
- Lectures
- Group work
- Individual work
Materials
189
- Learner drivers’ handbook.
- Driving examination guideline.
- Curricula for HGV Drivers and Driving Schools Curriculum
3.3.7 TRAFFIC ACT/ NTSA ACT AND OTHER LEGISLATIONS

The trainee should be able to demonstrate knowledge of the Traffic Act/ NTSA Act and other
relevant legislations.
Theory/Practice
By the end of this unit the trainee should be able to correctly apply knowledge on Traffic
rules and road transport regulations.
Content
3.3.7T/P1 NTSA Act No. 33 of 2012, Traffic Act Cap. 403 and other relevant legislations.
Responsible
- Supervisors
Where
Time
Demands
- Score: Passed/not passed
-
Training method
190
Lectures and group work
- Reading assignment
Training Materials
- The Traffic Act
- NTSA Act
- Other relevant Acts
3.3.8 FIRST AID FIRE FIGHTING

The trainee should be able to demonstrate skills in First Aid and firefighting.
Theory/Practice
By the end of this unit the trainee shall be able to:
(a) Demonstrate how to take care of people at a crash scene and action to take when a vehicle
is on fire.
(b) Discuss the Fire triangle.
(c) Identify and classify flammable goods.
(d) Identify dangerous goods.
(e) Discuss LABC (location-airways-breathing-circulation), CPR (cardiopulmonary
resuscitation) with theoretical and practical moment
Content
3.3.8T/P1 Care of people at a crash scene and action when a vehicle is on fire
3.3.8T/P2 Fire triangle
3.3.8T/P3 Inflammable goods
3.3.8T/P4 Dangerous goods
3.3.8T/P5 LABC (location-airways-breathing-circulation), CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) with
theoretical and practical moment
Responsible
191
Where
Field demonstrations
Time
Theory 8 Hours
Practice 8 hours
Demands
 Attendance
 Score: Passed/not passed
 Examination: Practical demonstration
Training Materials
- First Aid training manual
- Demonstration kits
3.3.9 SPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR DRIVING CLASS C, D & G VEHICLES

The trainee will be able to demonstrate knowledge of the special conditions for driving
vehicles in classes C, D & G.
Theory/Practice
3.3.9T/P0 Objective
By the end of the unit, the trainee will be able to:
(a) Outline convoy driving
(b) Explain incident management
(c) Discuss Environmental issues affecting driving
(d) Explain the Greenhouse effect
192
(e) Describe different fuels
(f) Discuss eco-driving effects on the environment
(g) Demonstrate knowledge about Pollutants and pollution
Content
3.3.9T/P1 Convoy driving
3.3.9T/P2 Incident management
3.3.9T/P3 Environmental issues
3.3.9T/P4 Greenhouse effect
3.3.9T/P5 Different fuels
3.3.9T/P6 Eco-driving effects on the environment
3.3.9T/P7 Pollutants and pollution
Responsible
Selected teacher/trainer and a lecture in environmental issues
Where
Group studies in class-room and practical driving
Time schedule
Training Methods
- Relevant documents and material
Demands
- Attendance
3.3.10 STANDARDIZED DRIVING TEST

The trainee will be able to conduct a standardized driving test.
193
Theory/Practice
By the end of the unit, the trainee shall be able to:
(a) Prepare a structure and contents of the driving test that must include the correct test items.
(b) Demonstrate how to complete the required documents.
(c) Describe the methodology and guidelines on preparing a test.
(d) Demonstrate ability to examine a candidate.
Content
3.3.10T/P1 Structure and content in the driving test.
3.3.10T/P2 Filling the required documents.
3.3.10T/P3 Methodology and guidelines on preparing a test
3.3.10T/P3 Examining a candidate.
 Oversee the theory test

 Examine the practical test
 Awarding of marks
Responsible
Where
Group studies in class room and at the driving test centres
Time Schedule
Demands
 Attendance
Training Method
Theoretical and practical training in following the standardized driving test
194
Micro-teaching
Training Materials
 The standardized driving test

 Guidelines

The trainee shall be able to competently test the candidate both theoretically and practically
Theory/Practice
By the end of the unit the trainee will be able to competently examine in both theory and
practical
Content
3.3.11T/P1 Theoretical and practical driving tests over a period of 2 weeks.
Responsible
Supervisor
Where
At the test centre
Time Schedule
80 Hours
Demands
 Score: Passed/not passed Overall pass mark > 75%

candidates in theory and practical. All tests must be performed following the standardized
195
Training Method
Training Materials
196
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 PROCEDURES FOR UPGRADING AN EXAMINER’S LICENSE
4.1 Target Group

Those level 1 examiners who aspire to be appointed by the Authority, as Level 2 examiners.

4.3 Required Qualifications for the Examiner upgrading Course

i) Must hold a valid Level 1 examiner’s license.
ii) Provide proof of continuous professional development.
iii) Produce a valid driving license for category C, D & G
iv) Possess a minimum Level 1 examining experience of 3 years or be of minimum age of 36

years.
4.4 Training
The training shall strictly be restricted to the examining practice.

The trainee shall be able to competently test the candidate in both theory and practical
Theory/Practice
4.4.1T/P0 Objective
By the end of the unit the trainee will be able to competently examine in both theory and practical
197
Content
4.4.1T/P1 Theoretical and practical driving tests over a period of 2 weeks.
Responsible
Supervisor
Where
At the test centre
Time Schedule
80 Hours
Demands

candidates in theory and practical. All tests must be performed following the standardized
Training Method
Training Materials
198
Annex 1
TASK FORCE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW TRAINING, TESTING AND LICENSING CURRICULA
MEMBERS
Mathew Munyao – Director, Road Safety. National Transport and Safety Authority- Chairman.
Ada Wenzaka, National Road Safety Trust (NRST)- Secretary.
Cosmas Ngeso - National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA)- Member.
Beth Mwaura, Africa Road Watch- Member.
Peter Ngamau, Kenya Institute of Highways and Building Technology (KIHBT)- Member.
Silas Mwirigi Muuna, Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD)- Member
Eng David Mbindyo, AA of Kenya.- Member
Rev Peter Ndungu, National Youth Service (NYS)-Member.
Ayub G Ali, Drivers Test Examiners- Member
Jamie Castle, Institutional Capacity Building for the Transport Roads Sector (ICBTRS)- Member
John Gitari, Kenya Bus Service- Member
199
200

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What is the purpose of developing this new curriculum?

What is the purpose of developing this new curriculum?

What are some of the key aspects covered in the curriculum?

What are some of the key aspects covered in the curriculum?

The National Transport and Safety Authority

CURRICULUM FOR TRAINING, TESTING AND

CURRICULUM FOR TRAINING, TESTING AND

1.1 The Purpose of the Curriculum

1.3 The Traffic System

ii. Category B Automatic (Light Vehicle Automatic)

iii. Category B Professional

2 Category C (Medium Truck)

3 Category CE (Heavy Truck with trailer)

ii. Category D1 (Mini Bus)

Category D2 (Large Bus)

1.8.5 CATEGORY E (SPECIAL PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS’ LICENSE)

1.8.6 CATEGORY G (INDUSTRIAL, CONSTRUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL PLANTS& EQUIPMENT)

1.9 Basic/Common Units

Code Topic Content Time (Hours)

1.12.1 INTRODUCTION TO DRIVING

1.12.2 FUNDAMENTAL DRIVING RULES

1.12.3 MODEL TOWN

1.12.4 HUMAN FACTORS IN TRAFFIC

Code Topic Content Time (Hours )

2.3.1 INTRODUCTION TO MOTORCYCLE RIDING

2.3.2 MOTORCYCLE PARTS AND CONTROLS

2.3.3 BASIC MOTORCYCLE RIDING

2.3.4 RIDING ON THE ROAD (PRACTICAL)

2.3.5 EXAMINATION FOR MOTORCYCLE RIDERS

Code Topic Content Time (Hours)

3.3.1 BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF A LIGHT VEHICLE

3.3.4 DRIVING ON THE ROAD (PRACTICAL)

3.3.5 EXAMINATION FOR LIGHT VEHICLE DRIVERS

4.4. Unit Summary and Time Allocation

4.4.12 Preventive  Defining Preventive 4 1 5

4.4.1 INTRODUCTION TO A PLV

4.4.2 VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION AND CONTROLS

4.4.3 SELF –INSPECTION OF VEHICLE

4.4.5 VEHICLE CONTROL (Manoeuvre yard)

4.4.6 COMMUNICATION ON THE ROAD

4.4.7 SPEED MANAGEMENT

4.4.8 SPACE MANAGEMENT

4.4.9 EMERGENCY MANOUEVERS

4.4.10 SKID CONTROL AND RECOVERY

4.4.11 ADVERSE DRIVING CONDITIONS

4.4.12 PREVENTIVE MAINTAINANCE

4.4.13 CONDITIONS OF CARRIAGE

4.4.14 HARZADOUS MATERIALS

4.4.15 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

4.4.16 WORK PLANNING

a) Prepare a Journey/Trip Plan.

4.4.17 CARGO HANDLING

4.4.18 CUSTOMER CARE

4.4.8 EXAMINATION FOR PROFESSIONAL LIGHT VEHICLE

5.4 Requirement for issuance of an PSV License

5.4.12 Preventive  Defining Preventive 4 1 5

5.5.1 INTRODUCTION TO A PSV

5.5.2 VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION AND CONTROLS

5.4.3 SELF –INSPECTION OF VEHICLE