The NEXTSTEP/OpenStep FAQ

_________________________________________________________________

THE NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP FAQ

OVERVIEW

* 1 Introduction
* 2 General information
* 3 What is ...
* 4 Miscellaneous information
* 5 Black (NeXT) hardware
* 6 White (Intel) hardware
* 7 Storage
* 8 Printing
* 9 Obsolete but still interesting?

CONTENTS

1 Introduction

1.1 About this FAQ

1.2 Submissions
1.3 Availability
1.4 Copyright
1.5 Disclaimer
1.6 Thanks

2 General information

2.1 Information available but not in the written FAQ version

2.2 Where to get answers?
2.3 How may I contact NeXT, Inc.?
2.4 FTP servers
2.5 Software on CD
2.6 What is the current status of NEXTSTEP/OpenStep?
2.7 Will there be a public implementation of OpenStep?
2.8 Are there differences between Openstep for Mach and other
implementations?
2.9 What information is available by NeXT
2.10 What is the correct spelling?
2.11 How do I start an official NeXT User Group?
2.12 Are there differences in the NEXTSTEP implementations?
2.13 What are the names of the ftp sites that have NeXT-related files?
2.14 Additional information sources
2.15 How to get FTP files via e-mail.
2.16 References on Objective C
2.17 How to contact music interested people.
2.18 How to announce upcoming events
2.19 Can I mix different hardware running NEXTSTEP?
2.20 Can I exchange software running on different hardware?

3 What is ...
 3.1 NEXTSTEP
3.2 Mach
3.3 OPENSTEP
3.4 Objective-C
3.5 NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP Developer
3.6 D'OLE
3.7 PDO --- Portable Distributed Objects
3.8 EOF --- Enterprise Objects Framework
3.9 WebObjects
3.10 WWW Browser
3.11 Newsreader

4 Miscellaneous information

4.1 How do I get pictures of people from remote sites to appear in

Mail.app and NewsGrazer?
4.2 How to manipulate and examine default settings
4.3 How do I run NextApps remotely?
4.4 Why does UUCP hangs on outgoing connections after sending the
password, but other communications software do not have a problem
with it?
4.5 How do I access the NeXT's Digital Webster Dictionary from a
program?
4.6 How do I get the arrow keys to work in csh?
4.7 What default affects menu location?
4.8 How to get Gourmet to boot up the Mathematica 2.0 kernel?
4.9 Manipulating the Loginwindow
4.10 How does one set UNIX man pages to be viewed in nroff format with
DL like the standard manual pages in NS2.x?
4.11 Appending a signature and addition headers to your e-mail
4.12 How can I quickly find a file if I don't know its directory?
4.13 Mail.app suddenly stopped working!
4.14 Recycler doesn't work anymore?!
4.15 How to hear sound from CDPlayer.app thought NEXTSTEP system?
4.16 How do I decompress a file with the extension .compressed?
4.17 How do I change the Workspace compression app?
4.18 console: loginwindow: netinfo problem - No such directory.
4.19 Root login not possible on client machine
4.20 How to boot NEXTSTEP from the second (higher SCSI ID) HD?
4.21 How to make swapfile shrink to the normal size?
4.22 Does netinfo work between machines running NEXTSTEP 2.x and 3.x?
4.23 Why does the console user "own" the external disk filesystem?
4.24 How to limit coredump sizes?
4.25 What is the maximum value of nbuf that I can specify on bootup?
4.26 How can I change the mouse pointer shape and color?
4.27 How do I customize BuildDisk to create a bootable disk of my own
configuration?
4.28 Are there any more dwrites useful for the workspace, ...?
4.29 What is the @LongLink message from gnutar all about?
4.30 What stands the file .place3_0.wmd for?
4.31 How to create transparent icons with IconBuilder
4.32 How to access the MAC format of a mixed DOS/MAC CD-ROM
4.33 Is there a PPP for NEXTSTEP
4.34 NIS and OpenStep
4.35 System overloaded due to swapping
4.36 Swapfile issues
4.37 Garbage collection and Objective-C
4.38 Setting up an anonymous FTP server
5 Black (NeXT) hardware

5.1 What disk drives will work with the NeXT?

5.2 Will a 68030 NeXT Computer run NEXTSTEP 3.3?
5.3 How do I configure my HP 660 to boot properly?
5.4 What is the procedure for installing a Fujitsu M2263SA/SB SCSI
Disk as the NeXT Boot Disk?
5.5 How to mount a corrupted OD that won't automount?
5.6 What non-NeXT CD Players that work with a NeXT?
5.7 What are some other sources of toner cartridges and trays for the
NeXT laser printer?
5.8 What printers (laser or otherwise) may be used with a NeXT?
5.9 What can I do to prevent my NeXT printer from running all the
time?
5.10 What type of microphones will work with the NeXT?
5.11 How do I connect a modem to the NeXT?
5.12 What fax modems will work with the NeXT?
5.13 How may I attach more than two serial ports to the NeXT?
5.14 What is the best and/or cheapest way to connect a NeXT to a thick
Ethernet?
5.15 How can I connect my NeXT to the telephone line and use it like
an answering Machine?
5.16 What color monitors can I use with the Color NeXT machines?
5.17 Where can I get 13W3 to BNC adapters to connect third party color
monitors?
5.18 How may I attach Centronics or 16 bit wide parallel ports to the
NeXT?
5.19 Why does an unused serial port consume cpu?
5.20 How to adjust MegaPixel Display brightness and focus?
5.21 I want to emulate a macintosh, how?
5.22 My NeXT laser printer fails to fully eject the sheet - how to
fix?
5.23 What are the NeXT mouse connections?
5.24 What type of memory may be installed in a NeXT?
5.25 What is the NeXT SIMM tool?
5.26 Where can I purchase a NeXT machine?
5.27 Where to obtain hardware service?
5.28 What types of NeXT machines were manufactured?
5.29 What can be done about older 030 NeXT cubes that have a fan that
turns in the "wrong" direction?
5.30 Can I connect SONY MPX-111N to my 68030 NeXT Computer?
5.31 Why does the OD continually spin up and spin down?
5.32 How many colors can NeXT machines display?
5.33 Why is my machine so slow when I run the monochrome and
NeXTdimension displays?
5.34 Where to obtain replacement mouse parts?
5.35 Where to obtain extra batteries?
5.36 How to convert a Turbo system to use ADB?
5.37 68030 board in the same NeXTcube as a 68040 board?
5.38 How to expand DSP memory?
5.39 How to boot a NeXT without a monitor?
5.40 Where can I get black spray paint for my NeXT?
5.41 What makes aged NeXT monitors dim?
5.42 How to use two internal hard drives

6 White (Intel) hardware

6.1 What about support for NeXT Computer specific hardware features
 such as the DSP?
6.2 Do Multi-Architecture Binaries take a lot of extra disk space?
6.3 How difficult is it to recompile existing NeXT applications over
to NEXTSTEP/Intel?
6.4 When developing programs, are there any portability issues I
should be aware of?
6.5 What is the difference between the NEXTSTEP/Intel User Environment
and Developer Environment?
6.6 If a specific I/O card is not supported by NeXT, can 3rd parties
write drivers for NEXTSTEP/Intel?
6.7 How is NEXTSTEP/Intel installed?
6.8 Will NEXTSTEP/Intel run on 386 machines?
6.9 Will NEXTSTEP/Intel run on the Cyrix 486SLC?
6.10 Will NEXTSTEP/Intel run on the future Intel Microprocessors in
the x86 family?
6.11 Will NEXTSTEP/Intel run on portable computers?
6.12 Will NEXTSTEP/Intel be able to run MS-DOS and Windows programs?
6.13 How will my DOS and Windows applications perform under
NEXTSTEP/Intel?
6.14 Is the window I use to run Microsoft Windows applications
resizable?
6.15 Will this DOS/Windows compatibility system allow me to run
several DOS programs at once?
6.16 Can I cut and paste between DOS/Windows sessions and NEXTSTEP
applications?
6.17 Can I use both DOS and NEXTSTEP/Intel partitions on the same hard
disk?
6.18 Can NEXTSTEP/Intel read, write, and format DOS and Mac floppies?
6.19 NEXTSTEP/Intel 3.1, DOS, Linux/NT multi-boot system?
6.20 NeXTSTEP on INTEL, KEYBOARD-ERROR ...
6.21 NS 3.2 Tseng ET4000 Video Driver doesn't work.
6.22 Accessing ROM monitor on Intel-System, how?
6.23 Adaptec 2940 Fast and Sync. SCSI explanation...
6.24 Do EIDE-Drives work with NEXTSTEP?
6.25 Anyone have a driver yet that does 8 bit color on an ET4000/w32p
card? (Hercules Dynamite Pro VLB)
6.26 Does a Glidepoint pointing device work with NEXTSTEP?
6.27 AppleTalk under NEXTSTEP/Intel?
6.28 Booting hangs with black screen
6.29 Why are the features of my graphic card useless?
6.30 How to use MIDI without the MusicKit?
6.31 Installation problems with EIDE and ATAPI drives
6.32 Error message during boot time
6.33 Does NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP run with ...
6.34 RAM greater 64MB, now I get a black screen!
6.35 Lost root password

7 Storage

7.1 Disktab help needed: ST15230N

7.2 Formatting DEC DSP3105 with 1024-byte blocks.
7.3 My formatted disk has much less space then advertised!
7.4 Can't initialise my disk within the Workspace
7.5 Initialing Opticals for NeXT
7.6 How to use a tape drive ?
7.7 How to recover from an partially formatted disk?
7.8 What about the ZIP drive?
7.9 How to partition a 4GB drive
7.10 How to mount/ignore a disk during boot
 7.11 Can't read multisession CD-ROMs!

8 Printing

8.1 What printers (laser or otherwise) may be used with NEXTSTEP?

8.2 What fonts can I use with NEXTSTEP?
8.3 How can I save my printable documents to a postscript file?
8.4 How can I print only the even or odd pages of a document?
8.5 How do I get banner pages on my printer output?
8.6 How do I get [la]TeX files to print correctly on non-NeXT
printers?
8.7 What if I have a PostScript font has not been ported to NEXTSTEP?
8.8 What color printers (laser or otherwise) may be used with
NEXTSTEP?
8.9 How can I make the Page Layout default to A4 in all applications?
8.10 /usr/lib/NextPrinter/Server/pstf: syntax error at line 31: `end
of file' unexpected?
8.11 How to get TeX with NEXTSTEP to make proper fonts for a 600 dpi
laserwriter?
8.12 How to get printer description files (PPD)?
8.13 What are the Canon part numbers for ink cartridges equivalent to
those NeXT's Color Printer uses?
8.14 JetPilot does not work with my JetDirect box, why?
8.15 powering down NeXTprinter during bootup, printer still works
8.16 How to set up the HP LaserJet 4M?
8.17 Laserwriter NTX & NEXTSTEP
8.18 Problems with gray levels in printout
8.19 Can't print using additional fonts

9 Obsolete but still interesting?

9.1 Where can I get NeXT paraphernalia?

9.2 Is there any way to change the text in the title bar of a terminal
window?
9.3 I can't get my pictures in OmniWeb
9.4 How do I remap the and | keys on my keyboard?
9.5 How do I stop NeXTMail/Sendmail adding &Mcirc;s onto the end of
lines?
9.6 Why does NEXTSTEP 1.0 hang a few seconds after attempting to boot?
9.7 Modem hangs under NS2.0 by incoming calls
9.8 NS2.0 doesn't recognize /LocalApps path

_________________________________________________________________

This document was converted from LaTeX using Karl Ewald's latex2html.

The NEXTSTEP/OpenStep FAQ

! to the table of contents

_________________________________________________________________

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 About this FAQ

 These are the frequently asked questions concerning NeXT, NeXTSTEP or
any other NeXT related topics.

This compilation is meant primarily as a service to the (comp.sys.next

and de.comp.sys.next) community.

NeXT Software,Inc. is a privately hold company, heading towards

software business. It sells NEXTSTEP its award winning OS and several
other software packages (most included with NEXTSTEP): EOF, NEXTSTEP
Developer, WebObjects, NetInfo, ...

With the coming 'open' version of NEXTSTEP, which is named OpenStep

and will run not only on top of Mach (as NEXTSTEP does) but also on
Solaris, Windows NT, Windows 95, HP-UX. The user of NeXT's software is
confronted with a wide range of different software and hardware.

To help in the unaware user, this FAQ was founded. But also
professional users might find some interesting information, which they
didn't knew already.

Note the NEXTSTEP and OpenStep questions often concern related topics
like Objective-C, UNIX, administration tasks, etc. for which already
separate FAQs do exist. See the new.answers newsgroup for additional
FAQs, if your problem isn't covered by this FAQ.

1.2 Submissions

As with all FAQs the quality of the information provided here is

mostly depending on the Usenet community, which in most cases serves
for the information resource. Feel free to e-mail the FAQ author to
contribute, or send error reports.

If you contact the author, use the following subject for submissions:
FAQ submission. To report errors use: FAQ error. Additionally you
might want to add the chapter where the submission/error report
belongs to.

1.3 Availability

This FAQ is published monthly in the comp.sys.next.* newsgroups and in

the near future news.answer.

It may be downloaded via FTP from

ftp://peanuts.leo.org/pub/comp/platforms/next/Documents/faq/. Special
additions for redistributors and homeusers do exist.

This FAQ may be accessed only through Peanuts as well:

http://peanuts.leo.org/

In the near future we want to implement an e-mail service for those

who don't have access to news. You may add yourself to the mailinglist
by sending an e-mail with subject: FAQ mailme. Note that this service
isn't available, yet completely, because there is too little
interested. However I keep a list of all the registered people and
they will still receive e-mail copies.

1.4 Copyright
 This FAQ is copyrighted by Bernhard Scholz. (Internet e-mails:
[email protected])

Mentioned trademarks belong to their holder and are not explicitly

listened.

We do not collect any royalties, charge any fees, or compensate anyone

in connection with this endeavor, but of course we would be happy
about each e-mail commenting on the FAQ, about pizzas (lasagne is
accepted, too :-) ), postcards, ...

Anyway we reserve a copyright on the the published information in this

FAQ. Any questions concerning other redistribution should be send to
the author of the FAQ.

Reprinting of this FAQ, even in parts, is prohibited without

permission by the author except for printings for private use.

Newsletter editors wishing to excerpt from this work for publication

should consider using local electronic bulletin boards to disseminate
this information rather than preparing hardcopies. This allows for
readers to access the most recent information, and perhaps save a
couple of trees.

1.5 Disclaimer

Of course there is no warranty in any case using the information

provided here. We haven't tested the information to be correct.

We are not affiliated with any of the companies mentioned in this FAQ.

1.6 Thanks

Especially we want to thank the Usenet community for contributing to

the FAQ and all the people who have written us.

Then I want to thank the people who worked on the FAQ before I did
take them over (in order of working): Pascal Chesnais and Erik Kay,
Nathan F. Janette, Maximilian Goedel (never released anything but
cleaned up some things for me).

Thanks also to Karl Ewald, who contributed his latex2html Perl script
which replaced the non working original latex2html version.

2 GENERAL INFORMATION

General information

2.1 Information available but not in the written FAQ version

pinout patches

There is additional information available for the following topics:

mouse pinouts, monitor cable pinouts, common addresses, mousepointer
patch, windowmanager patch.
 These inforamations are not included in the written FAQ, because they
are considered rarely referenced resources and of not much use for the
written FAQ. However you'll get these information when you download
the whole FAQ via FTP or HTTP as a package for your computer. Please
look at http://peanuts.leo.org/faq/ for further information.

2.2 Where to get answers?

If you run into a problem, first read the FAQ of course :-) Second you
might consider asking NeXT directly through the electronic service:
[email protected]. Send an e-mail with subject: ascii help index to
start.

If all fails, post to the newsgroups concerning NeXT related topics:

comp.sys.next.*, de.comp.sys.next.

2.3 How may I contact NeXT, Inc.?

Next, Inc. Contacting NeXT, Inc. Address of NeXT, Inc.

NeXT, Inc. can be reached under the following addresses.

USA: NeXT, Inc.

900 Chesapeake Drive
Redwood City, CA 94063
Voice: 800-848-NeXT (Redwood City #)
Voice: (415)-366-0900

Japan: NeXT marketing div. of Canon - Japan

Phone: (81)-44-549-5295
Fax: (81)-44-549-5462

EUROPE: Munich:
Phone: (49)-89-996-5310

UK: Technology House

Meadowbank
Furlong Road
Bourne End
Bucks
SL8 5AJ
Phone: (44)-1628 535222
Fax: (44)-1628 535200

Note: numbers abroad are listed with the country codes first. You will
need to dial the international access number of your long distance
carrier before proceeding to dialing the country code, area code and
phone number.

2.4 FTP servers

FTP Software

The FAQ mentions a lot of software packages which you might find
useful. In general there are two big sites serving Europe and the US.
These sites keep most of the software available and do mirror
themselves to keep up to date (although the structure of the archive
 differ). If the software isn't on one of these sites, the appr

opriate site is listed in the text.

If you get slow connections you might want to consider contacting a

mirror of the both sites. For the Peanuts archive (Europe) the WWW
pages http://peanuts.leo.org give you links to an updated list of
mirrors and other FTP sites.

The addresses are:

ftp://next-ftp.peak.org/ (formerly the ftp.cs.orst.edu archive)

ftp://peanuts.leo.org/ (Peanuts archive in Europe)
ftp://ftp.evolution.com/ (Peanuts mirror USA) ftp://ftp.eunet.ch/
(Peanuts mirror Switzerland)

2.5 Software on CD

There are currently two CD (sets) which serve you with

NEXTSTEP/OpenStep software:

Nebula. Nebula is published by Walnut Creek and mostly contains actual

recompiled software for all supported hardware platforms. It might be
the best choice for those who don't own a compiler. A big font
collection and a developer section complete the disk.
http://www.cdrom.com/

Peanuts Archive Disks. The Peanuts FTP Archive in Munich distributes

their complete NEXTSTEP/OpenStep archive on CD. This currently brings
you 4CDs full with software. Although the software isn't compiled for
each hardware (it is provided 'as uploaded') it is the most complete
software and information resource available on CD. (It includes the
NeXTanswers published by NeXT). http://peanuts.leo.org/,
[email protected]

Fatted Calf CD-ROM. The Fatted Calf CD-ROM is published by Ensuing

Technologies, LasVegas, Nevada. Currently I don't know it's special
contents.

Big Green CD. Selected software for NEXTSTEP. Also this software is on
any other CD, too. It might be a good startes collection.
http://skylee.com/BGCD.html, [email protected]

Font Garden for NEXTSTEP CDROM. Some more fonts for computers running
NEXTSTEP. These fonts should be capable of the NEXTSTEP encoding
sheme. However we got noticed that only very few are ISO-LATIN_1. So
it is possible of most interested to English speaking countries.
http://www.cdrom.com/

Clips for QuickTime. Quicktime is NeXT's native format for movies, so

some samples might be quite nice. Note: On the latest Peanuts Archive,
you'll get about 200MB of quicktime movies which might be enough, too.
http://www.cdrom.com/

2.6 What is the current status of NEXTSTEP/OpenStep?

status, NEXTSTEP status, OpenStep

The third production version 3.3, has been released for Intel
 Processors (i486 and higher) as well as for NeXT hardware (not
manufactured any longer but still supported), HP workstations and Sun
workstations.

OpenStep versions are announced and will be available this year (1996)
for Windows NT, Windows 95, Mach, Solaris and hopefully HP-UX. The
status for DEC machines and their OS (OSF/1, OpenVMS) is unknown. At
least it is uncertain that there will be a port to OSF/1 or even
OpenVMS, because DEC is doing the port alone. At least you can run
OpenStep on DEC machines running Windows NT in the near future. For
Sun's Solaris systems OpenStep will probably be part of the
NeoDesktop.

There will be no NEXTSTEP 4.0, because NeXT changed the naming

conventions. NEXTSTEP 4.0 (also sometimes referenced as 'Mecca') is
now named 'OpenStep for Mach'

2.7 Will there be a public implementation of OpenStep?

Yes, there is a project by GNU. The so named GNUStep is available in

pre-alpha state from the archive sites. Be aware that it is not fully
functional and currently requires Motif.

In its current state, GNUStep is on it's way to port the FoundationKit

completely. This alone makes it worth to give it a try.

2.8 Are there differences between Openstep for Mach and other implementations?

Yes there are. OpenStep for Mach will include all the well known
features from NEXTSTEP (Services, Filters, SoundKit, ...) which the
other implementations will lack, due to the underlying OS.

To get all the benefits which is offered in NEXTSTEP today, you need
to go for OpenStep for Mach.

2.9 What information is available by NeXT

information NeXT

NeXT, Inc. now operates an automatic e-mail response system. Send

e-mail to "[email protected]" with the subject

"ascii help index"

to start.

If you do have access to the world wide web, you even want to try the
following URL: http://www.next.com/NeXTanswers/.

2.10 What is the correct spelling?

NeXT did (and probably will) change their naming conventions a lot.
E.g. NEXTSTEP is the current correct spelling for their operating
system. With the shipping of OpenStep, there will be no more NEXTSTEP,
but OpenStep for Mach/Solaris/HP-UX/Windows95/Wind
 owsNT.

Incorrect spellings are: NeXTSTEP, NeXTstep, NeXTStep.

A common shortcut used in the newsgroups is: NS for NEXTSTEP.

2.11 How do I start an official NeXT User Group?

NUG user groups NeXT user groups To start a user group, just send
e-mail to [email protected].

2.12 Are there differences in the NEXTSTEP implementations?

No, there are no differences beside the DSP, which is a hardware

feature of NeXT computers. On other hardware platforms you have to buy
additional hardware.

2.13 What are the names of the ftp sites that have NeXT-related files?

FTP, servers

There are too many to list them all, so are here are just a few.

NEXTSTEP: cs.orst.edu
ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de (peanuts)
nova.cc.purdue.edu
sonata.cc.purdue.edu
umd5.umd.edu
ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de

MIT GNU: aeneas.mit.edu

MIT X: export.lcs.mit.edu

music: princeton.edu

2.14 Additional information sources

Additional information Information, additional Every NeXT machine

owner has access to manuals to a degree. Network and System
Administration (NSA), for example contains answers to many of the
questions asked to comp.sys.next. Some of the important man pages are
reproduced in the NSA as appendices.

User manuals were shipped with every NeXT. Additional copies available
from NeXT (N6002/N6003/N6014/N6026) $25.

The following books are available directly from NeXT:

* Operating System Software
* NeXTstep Concepts
* NeXTstep Reference, v. 1
* NeXTstep Reference, v. 2
* Development Tools
* Sound, Music, and Signal Processing: Concepts
* Sound, Music, and Signal Processing: Reference
* Writing Loadable Kernel Servers
 * Technical Summaries
* Supplemental Documentation

Unix man pages, which are included in the online docs.

BSD unix documentation (MISC, PS1, PS2, SMM, USD). Available from to
USENIX site members. A lot of this has been integrated into the NeXT
documentation. Some of this is sorely missing. The SMM Unix System
Manager's Manual is really useful!

USENIX Association
2560 Ninth Street, Suite 215
Berkeley, CA 94710
USA +1 510 528 8649
fax +1 510 548 5738
[email protected]

* PS1 = Programmer's Supplementary Documents, Volume 1

* PS2 = Programmer's Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
* SMM = System Manager's Manual
* USD = User's Supplementary Documents

The SMM and the rest of the berkeley documentation are also available
directly and for free via anon ftp e.g. from

ftp.uu.net /packages/bsd-sources/share/doc.

To format them properly for viewing and printing on the NeXT use nroff
with the package indicated by the file suffix (e.g. to format the
documentation file 0.t use nroff -mt 0.t).

Adobe documentation. Available machine-readable by e-mail from

[email protected]. Hardcopy available from Adobe Developer
Support Line +1 415 961-4111 for a nominal charge. NeXT last shipped
these as part of the 1.0a release; hardcopies appeared in 0.9
Technical Documentation, were omitted in 1.0, and have returned in
updated form in Supplemental Documentation of the 2.0 Tech Docs (which
is not available on-line).

Get NextAnswers for Digital Librarian from NeXT. The current versions
are actually on ftp.next.com or available via the mailserver at
[email protected].

Get NeXT Support Bulletin from the archives. It is meant for support
centers.

Another good source of information is the archives of previously

posted notes from the comp.sys.next.* newsgroups. Note that since the
split of comp.sys.next, there is a group archive maintained at
peanuts.leo.org:/pub/comp/sys/next/.
 NeXTstep Advantage book is available electronically from the archive
servers.

The file name is NeXTstepAdvantage.tar.Z; (its compressed size is

about 1.3 megabytes; uncompressed, it's about 9.5 megabytes). It is a
good introduction to the NeXT programming environment.

2.15 How to get FTP files via e-mail.

FTP, e-mail access Some ftp sites are configured as an e-mail archive
server. This means you can upload and download files via e-mail.

Send mail to: [email protected]

------------- [email protected]

(with the subject line help and you will get a complete description of
this service)

Submissions: Mail should be sent to [email protected] with

the subject of 'submission' (no ticks) if a person is submitting
material to the archives. They need to include a 1-2 sentence
description of the submission, the OS release the product runs on, and
if it is source, binary, newsletter, etc.

2.16 References on Objective C

Objective-C, documents Objective-C and other useful Object-oriented

programming references:

Budd, Timothy, An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming

(Addison-Wesley) [It discusses Smalltalk, Object Pascal, C++ and
Objective-C]

Cox, Brad J., Object Oriented Programming: An Evolutionary Approach

ISBN 0-201-10393-1. (Addison-Wesley) [Note: 2nd edition - ISBN is
0-201-54834-8 and has coauthor A.J. Novobilski]

Huizenga, Gerrit, Slides from a short course on Objective-C available

via anonymous ftp from:
sonata.cc.purdue.edu:/pub/next/docs/ObjC.frame.Z, ObjC.ps.Z, or
OldObjC.wn.tar.Z

Meyer, Bertrand, Object-Oriented Software Construction

(Prentice-Hall).

NeXT Technical Documentation

Pinson and Weiner, Objective-C: Object-Oriented Programming Techniques

(Addison-Wesley). 350 pages, ISBN 0 201 50828 1, paperback.

User Reference Manual for Objective-C which is available from

Stepstone Corporation. (203)426-1875. Note: There are some differences
between Stepstone's Objective-C and NeXT's.

2.17 How to contact music interested people.

Music, contacts
 Since NeXT has become for now the platform of choice for much of the
computer music composition and research community, the newsgroup
comp.music is one good place to find people with information and
interest in music on the NeXT.

There is also a mailing list specifically for NeXT music. For posting
to the dist list: [email protected]

To subscribe, unsubscribe, change addresses, etc.:

[email protected]

2.18 How to announce upcoming events

Announcements Please send any announcements of upcoming NeXT-related

events to [email protected] These events will be posted to
comp.sys.next.announce. Be sure to send your announcement in plenty of
time to have it posted prior to the event. One to two weeks in advance
would be a good idea.

Since postings will be carried across many networks, commercial

announcements may be edited down to reflect network usage policies.

Look for current guidelines posted weekly in the newsgroup.

2.19 Can I mix different hardware running NEXTSTEP?

NeXT, networking Networking

Of course! NEXTSTEP is design to plug and play with existing NeXT

installations. NeXT has addressed interoperability between NEXTSTEP
systems in the following ways:

* NEXTSTEP systems share identical networking capabilities.

* NEXTSTEP systems share the same Distributed Objects.
* NEXTSTEP systems use the same system and network administration
services.
* NEXTSTEP systems use the same mass storage format. Yes, you can
take a external SCSI drive, removable media (e.g. Bernoulli etc)
or floppy disk and use it interchangeably between NeXT Computers
running NEXTSTEP.

2.20 Can I exchange software running on different hardware?

With the shipping of NEXTSTEP 3.x binaries are distributed FAT. This
means, that a binary might include different versions of the
executable for each hardware platform NEXTSTEP is running on. On the
archive sites you might easily recognize the supported h

ardware by a key letter: N = NeXT computers, I=Intel based, H=HP

hardware, S=Sun hardware. A FAT binary is runable by every supported
hardware listed in the binary file. NeXT ships tools to examine such a
fat binary and to add/strip different hardwa

re modules to/from a binary.

The correct spelling for a fat binary is: MAB binary (multi
architecture binary) but most commonly 'fat' is used.
 With the shipping of OpenStep this will change. OpenStep applications
are only sourcecode compatible and have to be recompiled for each
architecture. This implies that you need a compiler for future
PD/SW/FW-software, although OpenStep for Mach will still

support FAT binaries and NEXTSTEP 3.x applications will continue to

run under OpenStep for Mach.

3 WHAT IS ...

What is ...

This chapter tries to give you some overview over NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP

software and related software. For a detailed description you should
contact the producer's WWW server. E.g. for more information about
OPENSTEP contact http://www.next.com/

3.1 NEXTSTEP

NEXTSTEP

NEXTSTEP is a complete development and user environment by NeXT it

provides an unique GUI (graphical user interface), which currently
gets copied by several other OS provider like Microsoft, combined with
the currently most advanced and tested OS, named Mach. NeXT applied
several changes to the Mach kernel to add special features which makes
NEXTSTEP unique.

NEXTSTEP comes with a lot of development kits (bundles of classes to

build on), like: Sound Kit, Indexing Kit, 3D Graphics Kit, Database or
EOF Kit and Application Kit.

Bundled with NEXTSTEP are several user applications which enhance the
daily use dramatically: NeXTMail (a MIME compatible mail application),
Edit (a simple but powerful editor), FaxReader (for reading incoming
faxes, you are able to send faxes from every application which
supports printing), DigitalWebster (Webster's Ninth New Collegiate
Dictionary and Collegiate Thesaurus), Digital Librarian (indexing and
full text search utility, usable over groups of files) Preview (a
PostScript and TIFF display utility), Terminal (UNIX terminal
application for VT100 and TN3270 emulation), TeX (a well known
compiler for formatted text), SYBASE and ORACLE adapters (to contact
to SYBASE and ORACLE databases within EOF applications).

One special thing about NEXTSTEP is the display system. NeXT uses DPS
(Display Post Script), which gives you true WYSIWYG on every NEXTSTEP
system. The window server supports PostScript Level II, Interactive
RenderMan and Photorealistic RenderMan (an distributed engine for fast
high quality rendering, based on Pixar's RenderMan).

To be used in networks, NEXTSTEP supports NFS, NetInfo, Novell Netware

(as client only), Ethernet and Token Ring and different filesystems
(Mac, DOS, ISO 9660, High Sierra, Rock Ridge).

For multimedia purposes NeXT uses Lempel-Ziv compression for text,

Audio Transform Compression for Sound (comparable to Sony MiniDisc),
 JPEG for TIFF and Group 4 for Fax. Of course these are only standard
modes and NEXTSTEP is extensible to use other methods too.

For system administration (remember that NEXTSTEP is using Mach as an

UNIX derivate), NeXT supplies several administration applications
which make it easy to configure NEXTSTEP as needed, like:
SimpleNetworkStarter, UserManager, PrintManager, NFSManager,
HostManager, NetInfo Manager, BuildDisk, Upgrader and the complete
documentation and manual pages online.

3.2 Mach

Mach

Mach is the the basic OS layer NeXT uses for NEXTSTEP. It is a micro
kernel, which means it is extensible at runtime. Micro kernel often
stands for a small kernel size, too, but due to the compatibility to
BSD 4.3 Mach is currently about 1MB in size.

Features of Mach are: loadable kernel services (extensions during

runtime), different scheduling algorithms, an advanced messaging
system, an advanced memory allocation mechanism (copy on demand, world
wide message broadcasting), true multitasking, multi-threading and BSD
compatibility.

3.3 OPENSTEP

OPENSTEP

OPENSTEP is the latest release of NeXT's NEXTSTEP with the ability to

be OS independent (NEXTSTEP depends on Mach).

OPENSTEP is currently available for Mach, Windows NT and Solaris and

will get available for other operating systems in the future.

The architecture of OPENSTEP was made public in late 1995 and since
then GNU is working on a public port of OPENSTEP to e.g. X11 based
UNIX systems.

To express the new standard, 'OPENSTEP/Mach' is now the correct

spelling for the formerly named NEXTSTEP product by NeXT, but it is
known that NeXT itself is still using the same version numbering
scheme for at least the Mach product line, so the first release of
OPENSTEP for Mach is equivalent to NEXTSTEP 4.0 and in fact the first
OPENSTEP product is named 'OPENSTEP/Mach 4.0'.

OPENSTEP is supposed to be an industry standard for developing object

oriented, system independent, scalable solutions for client/server
architectures. It was adopted by Sun, Hewlett Packard and Digital. It
provides distributed applications through PDO (Portable Distributed
Objects) and D'OLE (Distributed OLE) based on CORBA. The usage of EOF
supplies object persistence with traditional relational databases. And
finally with WebObjects, objects are accessible through the internet
or in your own private network.

OPENSTEP, like NEXTSTEP 3.3 provides several kits for software

developers like: Application Kit and Foundation Kit as well as Display
PostScript.
 Applications written for OPENSTEP are sourcecode compatible to all
other architectures running OPENSTEP, although fat binaries are only
available under OPENSTEP for Mach (because the binary format is
depending on the operating system).

For the NEXTSTEP user OPENSTEP doesn't take away old known features.
In addition with OPENSTEP for Mach you get Mach enhancements, an
enhanced workspace manager, Perl5, TaylerUUCP, PPP and Samba.

Old applications will continue to run under OPENSTEP for Mach and need
to be recompiled to run under Windows NT, Solaris, and other OPENSTEP
platforms. Which goes side by side to become true OPENSTEP
applications-

The following are some new advantages/disadvantages over the known

NEXTSTEP product:

* documented NEXTIME library for developing

* faster message handling
* handling of disks >2GB in automatically. Paritioning size is still
limited to 2GB.
* no Novell Netware support (supposed to be included with OPENSTEP
4.1)
* Renderman still included
* Indexing Kit available by third party (MiscKit)
* no more POSIX! (Hopefully included again in OPENSTEP 4.1)

3.4 Objective-C

Objective-C

To develop applications NeXT uses Objective-C as its native

programming language. Objective-C is a more strict OO language then
C++ but covers C as well as C++. Because NeXT uses the GNU C/C++
compiler, you go with the most spreaded and tested C compiler
available for most UNIX platforms of today. (Of course you can use
Objective-C on every platform on which gcc is available).

Objective-C is different to other languages in the way it executes

code. Objective-C uses a runtime library to dynamically access objects
at runtime. This allows you to change objects at runtime etc. All this
goes with nearly no speed penalty, because hashing mechanisms are used
to access the different methods of an object.

There is also ObjC which is an different product, available as a

commercial compiler for different operating systems. Don't mix up
things by using the expression ObjC instead of Objective-C. For
shortcut purposes the NeXT community also uses the term ObjC/Obj-C but
of course thinks of Objective-C by NeXT.

Objective-C isn't standardized, yet.

In Objective-C you are able to mix code. E.g. you can use C++ and C in
any Objective-C program.

Objective-C is a simple and concise object-oriented extension to

ANSI-C. It has a runtime messaging facility and offers dynamic
 binding. Distributed objects are supported and the code is optimized
for native compilations.

It's syntax and programming technique is much like in SmallTalk. Using

Objective-C you can even message objects in other applications, also
over a network!

3.5 NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP Developer

NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP Developer

NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP Developer is currently the only way to develop

applications under NEXTSTEP because it includes all the necessary
include files and libraries.(Of course you can get any GNU C version
precompiled, but it won't help you without the include files and
linker libraries).

In addition to a precompiled GCC, include files and the linker

libraries you will get the famous NeXT developer tools: ProjectBuilder
(your commando center for building applications and managing sources),
InterfaceBuilder (for designing the application's GUI and making
object connections), an graphical addition to GDB (GNU Debugger)
integrated in Edit (NEXTSTEP) or ProjectBuilder (OPENSTEP),
MallocDebug (for seeking memory leaks), HeaderViewer (access class
information in header files and in documented form in a browser),
DBModeler (for building data models, based on Database Kit) (NEXTSTEP
only), Yap (an interactive PostScript interpreter and viewer),
IconBuilder (a very simple but extensible pixel-based editor for
creating icons) and popular UNIX utilities like GNU Emacs, yacc, lex,
vi...

3.6 D'OLE

D'OLE

D'OLE is a shortcut for Distributed OLE. OLE is Microsoft's standard

for Object Linking and Embedding and is currently not distributable
across platforms. With D'OLE you can distribute OLE objects across the
network like e.g. in SOM by IBM. But D'OLE is more. It uses NeXT's
object model PDO (Portable Distributed Objects) from Unix to Windows
platforms and enables OLE objects to communicate with OPENSTEP objects
natively, which means without changing the application. OPENSTEP
objects behave like OLE objects and vice versa.

D'OLE also supports EOF (Enterprise Objects Framework) which enables a

distributed computing environment to access database and provides an
infinitely flexible choice of application deployment of application
deployment strategies.

D'OLE uses the Foundation Framework, Distributed Object Framework and

other core classes. It comes bundled with C/Objective-C compiler and
GNU make, although Microsoft Visual C++ is required. Further you get a
portable nmserver, Mach emulation and on-line documentation.

3.7 PDO --- Portable Distributed Objects

PDO

PDO is a shortcut for Portable Distributed Objects. In the near future

 PDO will become CORBA 2.0 compliant.

It is the industry's first product to provide a heterogeneous

client/server framework on objects. With PDO it is possible to deploy
objects on non-NEXTSTEP server Machines and therefore deployed
anywhere in a network, wherever they are most appropriate for a task.

PDO encapsulates low-level network protocols, making messaging a

remote object as straightforward as messaging a local object. You even
don't have to learn new programming tools or techniques, because PDO
is a subset of NeXT tools and objects. Because PDO makes object
location completely transparent to the application, the application
communicates with every object the same way regardless wether it is
local, in the local network or anywhere in the world.

Because of the free location of objects, objects may get moved to

other locations, e.g. to optimize performance, without modification of
the application using it.

PDO also runs on non-NEXTSTEP servers. It comes with it's own set of
classes, libraries and even an Objective-C++ compiler, etc. Neverless
you can build, maintain, etc. from any NEXTSTEP client connected to a
PDO server. The tools used for building the final objects however are
native to the server's OS.

PDO comes with Foundation Framework, Distributed Objects Framework,

DOEventLoop and other core classes. Bundled tools are: Objective-C++
compiler, GDB, libg++, GNU make, Portable BuildServer, Portable
nmserver, Mach Emulation, NEXTSTEP's default system, on-line
documentation. Currently supported platforms are: HP-UX, SunOS,
Solaris, Digital UNIX.

3.8 EOF --- Enterprise Objects Framework

EOF

EOF is the latest replacement for the DatabaseKit and available as an

extra product.

EOF bridges the gap between objects and relational databases. With EOF
you can bring the advantage of object oriented design etc. to
applications which use relational databases. (Therefore you don't need
an object oriented database!)

EOF clarifies many things. It supports a three-tier client/server

architecture by separating the user interface, business objects and
the database. In fact you can simply exchange the database (by
changing the adapter) and still use the same application!

Developing under EOF doesn't limit you to e.g. Objective-C. EOF allows
the integration of e.g. 4GL code as well as SQL etc. all combined
under the advantage of NeXT's developer tools.

EOF includes client and server software. It consists of the Enterprise

Object Modeler, runtime libraries and adapters for SYBASE,ORACLE and
Informix (other adapters available from the DBMS producers). It
currently runs under HP-UX, SunOS, Solaris, Digital UNIX and always
requires PDO. For client use you additionally need NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP.
3.9 WebObjects

WebObjects

WebObjects helps you building dynamic Web pages. It is targeted to the

server side of the Web and there mostly to the intranets, also most
people might find it very useful for the Internet, too. It is
operating system independent and runs under Windows NT, Solaris,
HP-UX, Digital UNIX and NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP.

WebObjects contains development tools to build components for your

application logic, as well as a set of reusable components to manage
the rendering of your application. Because WebObjects is Java
compatible, you even can integrate Java applets in your application
today. It supports the standard http servers which have to support CGI
or NSAPI interface. WebObjects supports database access to Informix,
Oracle, Sybase and DB/2.

What's unique about WebObjects is the ability to share the logic of

your Web application and your data with other internal applications.
It means that you are not required to maintain a dedicated database or
write specific application code for your Web application.

Currently there are three versions of WebObjects: WebObjects,

WebObjects Pro and WebObjects Enterprise. WebObjects itself is freely
available to anybody interested in. WebObjects Pro contains PDO and
WebObjects Enterprise contains PDO and EOF with a special license to
connect to the Internet. But because WebObjects is a brand new
product, look at http://www.next.com/WebOjects/ for further
information.

WebObjects is free for academic usage.

3.10 WWW Browser

WWW Browser Browser OmniWeb NetSurfer SpiderWoman NetScape

First: There is no Java capable browser.

Several NEXTSTEP browsers are available for NEXTSTEP. The currently

most advanced browser is named 'OmniWeb'. OmniWeb is commercial in the
way that you need a license to use it in a network. A single user
license is free. OmniWeb seems to be continuesly updated and support
is known to be good. OmniWeb is also supporting a lot of well known
Netscape features.

There is also a public domain WWW browser named 'SpiderWoman'. It's

plus is the NEXTSTEP look and feel (e.g. you navigate through the Web
like you navigate your filesystem with WorkspaceManager). Anyway
SpiderWoman is somehow unstable and it seems as if development
stopped.

Another commercial browser is NetSurfer. Demos are available on the

ftp sites. This browser is preferred by several people because it
integrates ftp access very well. Anyway you have to pay for it.

Netscape isn't available for NEXTSTEP and is unlikely to be ported.

3.11 Newsreader
 Newsreader Alexandra NewsGrazer NewsFlash RadicalNews

There are currently four well known newsreaders for NEXTSTEP.

First there is Alexandra, a public domain newsreader and second there

is NewsGrazer (and unsupported NeXT product). You should test them to
get your personal favorite. The only real difference is the support of
NEXTSTEP 3.3J (Japanese) and flatfiles in NewsGrazer, while the
interface in Alexandra seems to be better for many people.

NewsFlash is a commercial product which adds several features. As

RadicalNews it supports article threading, automated posting and
extraction of multi-part files. Demos are available on the ftp sites.
E-mail inquiries should go to [email protected]. Further info is
available at: http://www.wolfware.com/

RadicalNews is a commercial newsreader. It supports true article

threading, quoted text highlighting, japanese and Latin-1 support,
URL-support, an interface to Digital Librarian, a sophisticated
coloring scheme and much more. Info is available at:
http://www.radical.com/.

A note to both commercial versions: the community is very splitted

about which version is to prefer. In general it seems as if there are
no really 'killer features' so it prefers much to personal taste.
Demos are available and don't forget to test the free versions, too!

4 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

Misc Various Unsorted

4.1 How do I get pictures of people from remote sites to appear in Mail.app and
NewsGrazer?

Pictures, in Mail Pictures, in NewsGrazer Mail, remote Pictures

Newsgrazer, remote Pictures

You can do this in the following ways.

* Mail In /LocalLibrary/Images/People put a tiff (64x64) in the form

of [email protected] (all lowercase). In
/LocalLibrary/Images/People/passwd add an entry for the person:

[email protected]:*:-2:-2::/nodir:/noshell

(person and sitename need to be all lowercase as well) In the

future anytime you get mail from the person their picture should
appear.

You can include an "aliases" file in /LocalLibrary/Images/People

too. This allows you to use the same picture for somebody that
might send you mail from accounts on many different sites, or for
those people whose letters use several different routings.

To do this, you include entries in this local aliases file like

 so:

[email protected]:bkohler.gonzo.ucr.edu
[email protected]:bkohler.gonzo.ucr.edu

There should then be a .tiff file called

bkohler.gonzo.ucr.edu.tiff.

There can be no CAPITAL LETTERS in this file. So even if the

address in the From: field looks like
[email protected], keep the letters lowercase in
the aliases file. As always, you have to restart Mail before these
changes take effect.

* NewsGrazer

In /LocalLibrary/NewsGrazer/People put a tiff (64x64) in the form

of person.remote.site.domain (all lowercase). This is a different
naming convention from what Mail uses.

There is a large archive of some 4000 or 5000 pictures prepared

for this purpose. The name of this archive is Faces3.tar.Z and it
is about 4.1 MBytes large. Currently it is available from several
anonymous ftp sites (e.g. sonata.cc.purdue.edu in:
/pub/next/graphics/Images/icons/people)

That image archive also contains a script which automatically

creates proper alias and passwd files.

4.2 How to manipulate and examine default settings

* A command line utility for examining defaults is available from:

sutro.sfsu.edu:/pub/wmdefaults1.0.tar.Z

* A PD App, DefaultMgr.app, is available on the NeXT ftp archives.

* A more brute approach (done by DefaultMgr.app):

Start the application under gdb, and then try the following
sequence of commands:

break *0x500976a
commands 1
silent
printf "%s: ", *$a2
output {char *}(4+$a2)
echo \n
cont
end
run
 [Carl Edman ] adds:

DefaultMgr.app doesn't any longer work properly under 3.0. It still is

able to manipulate defaults but can't any longer "investigate" apps to
find out which defaults they use.

[[email protected] (Eric P. Scott)] adds:

Needs to be revised for 3.x systems. wmdefaults is only for 2.x; it's
not needed for 3.0 and later.

4.3 How do I run NextApps remotely?

Remote running

On the local machine make sure you have public window server access,
this is set from the Preferences application. On the foreign NeXT
machine run the application from a terminal window with the -NXHost .
Both machines should be running the same version of NeXTstep.

[[email protected] (Steve Hayman)]

NeXTSTEP 3.1 and higher includes a demo application called OpenSesame

that simplifies this. You can select a program in Workspace and use >
Service > Open Sesame > Open on Another Host ...to launch a program on
a remote machine. This is a way to run old, non-fat-binary software on
new NeXTSTEP/Intel machines.

4.4 Why does UUCP hangs on outgoing connections after sending the password, but
other communications software do not have a problem with it?

UUCP

What is happening is that the remote machine is waiting for you to end
your login or password by typing a "Return" (aka &Mcirc; or CR or
CARRIAGE RETURN). UUCP ends a line by sending a LineFeed (aka Ĵ
or LF). Since UUCP doesn't send the CR, the login sequence is never
completed, and you will usually get one of two error messages:

wanted "password:" (means that username needs to end with a CR)

imsg waiting for SYNC< (means that password needs to end with CR)

So how do you get UUCP to send CR, instead of LF?

End the send string with the sequence

n
c. For instance this line in L.sys will send a LF after login, but a
CR after password.

myfeed Any DIR 9600 cub "" ATTD19095551212 9600 \

"" ogin:--ogin: Unext ssword: secret\n\c

4.5 How do I access the NeXT's Digital Webster Dictionary from a program?
 Webster

Get Jiro Nakamura's define program from the archiver servers:

define.tar.Z. This will allow you to access the database from the
command line. This program breaks under 3.x. For 3.x there are two
other programs which might be useful: Webster.a5 and websterd.

4.6 How do I get the arrow keys to work in csh?

csh, arrow keys

This is for people who use a terminal app that does vt100 keyboard
emulation - pasc

First, add these lines to your .cshrc (preferably between the if and
endif):

set editmode=emacs
set macrofiles=.macros

Then create a file called .bindings and put in it:

bind-to-key ExecuteNamedMacro '\e['

And, next, you need to make a file called ".macros". Using an editor
like emacs (which can insert control characters using a &Qcirc;
prefix), into this file put:

A^@^@^@^A^P
B^@^@^@^A^N
C^@^@^@^A^F
D^@^@^@^A^B

where &@circ; means Control-@ and � means Control-A, etc. Also, don't
put in the leading spaces. This will set up the left and right arrows
to move back and forth on the line, and the up and down arrows will
cycle through your history.

On Intel machines these sequences are a little different:

A^A^@^@^@^P
B^A^@^@^@^N
C^A^@^@^@^F
D^A^@^@^@^B

Then source .cshrc and the changes should take effect.

4.7 What default affects menu location?

Menu, location Do the following.

dwrite GLOBAL NXMenuX <value>

dwrite GLOBAL NXMenuY <value>

4.8 How to get Gourmet to boot up the Mathematica 2.0 kernel?

Mathematica

Login as root, or get root privileges running su, and execute the
following five commands:

mkdirs /NextApps/Mathematica.app/Kernel/NeXT
cd /NextApps/Mathematica.app/Kernel
ln -s uuuuu/Mathematica.app/Kernel/Display Utilities
cd NeXT
ln -s vvvvv/math mathexe

where uuuuu is the directory where Mathematica was placed (typically,

/LocalApps) and vvvvv is the directory where the executable math was
placed (typically, /usr/local/bin)

4.9 Manipulating the Loginwindow

loginwindow dwrites

There are some for loginwindow:

[Jess Anderson writes:]

Here, I hope, is the quasi-definitive story on dwrites that affect the

loginwindow. I'm indebted to several people, notably Art Isbell,
Kristian Koehntopp, Dan Danz, Louie Mamakos, John Kheit, Felix Lugo,
and Paul Sears, for some of the information presented here.

Remember that dwrites are not supported by NeXT; they may change with
any subsequent system release. These I've checked out using 3.0; some
or all may work with earlier releases, but I can't vouch for most of
them.

All these dwrites must be done as root. You can also run as root and
use DefaultMgr to set them (which is a whole lot more convenient if
you're intending to fiddle with some of them).

After setting the things you want, restart the WindowServer by logging
out of the current session and typing exit on the login panel.

OK, here's what we know (or think we do :-):

 dwrite loginwindow DefaultUser <login-name>

Most new machines have set to me. This dwrite logs in user
automatically. User must not have a password set, hence don't use this
in a networked environment!

dwrite loginwindow HostName "<host_name>"

dwrite loginwindow HostName localhost

These cause your host name to appear on the login panel. You need
quote marks only if there's a space in the name. The first form
hard-codes the name into root's defaults database. The second form
uses whatever name has been set as localhost in NetInfo, which is
convenient for networked machines.

The font, size, color, and position of the printed string are not
accessible (drat!).

dwrite loginwindow ImageFile <path/to/a/suitable.tiff>

This uses the tiff image pointed to instead of the standard one (in
/usr/lib/NextStep/loginwindow.app/English.lproj/nextlogin.tiff, .lproj
as appropriate for your main language) as the login panel. Be sure you
get the pointer right, though, or you'll have to boot single-user to
fix it. In practical terms, the image is constrained in various ways I
won't detail here.

dwrite loginwindow TimeToDim <integer_number>

No relation to the dim time set by Preferences. The units are odd, I
think. Felix reported them as 1/34 second. However, when I changed it
to 1020, I got 15 seconds to dimming, and 680 gives 10 seconds, that
I'm sure of. So I think the units are 1/68 second. Maybe Felix just
thought it was too damn long! We all know it seems longer when you're
not having fun waiting. :-) Whatever, the login screen dims to about
half after this length of time.

dwrite loginwindow MoveWhenIdle YES

This causes the panel to move around approximately in Backspace

bouncing-off-the-walls-tiff fashion. The point is to avoid burning the
screen phosphors, as a static image would tend to do. The animation is
controlled by the next couple dwrites.

dwrite loginwindow MovementTimeout <real_number>

The units are seconds. The panel starts moving (assuming the preceding
is set to YES) after this time. If you set it to be less than the
TimeToDim time, the movement starts before the dimming occurs. I did
not try zero. I can't stand waiting around for things to happen, so I
use 10 seconds for both times. The default appears to be 5 minutes.

dwrite loginwindow MovementScale <integer_number>

No movement occurs if this is set to 1. But it looks like the units

might be approximately pixels for each change of position (the
frequency of which is controlled by the next dwrite). If you put a big
number here, say 200, the image moves in big jumps, but I don't know
if the 200 is divided up somehow between change in x- and
y-coordinates. I wouldn't worry about it much, just set it to
something you like. Since my image contains readable text, I want it
to scroll smoothly around, so I use the apparently minimum value, 2.
The default appears to be 10.

dwrite loginwindow MovementRate <real_number>

The units are seconds. The image jumps by the amount above every this
many seconds. The default is 0.0666 seconds. Bigger numbers mean
slower motion. Since I don't like things being too jumpy or zooming
around, I set this to 0.1 seconds. This makes my image ooze at a pace
befitting an elderly person like me.

dwrite loginwindow PowerOffDisabled YES

This makes it a little harder to turn the machine off; you have to use
the monitor or the minimonitor (- ) if it's set, rather than the key.

dwrite loginwindow LoginHook <path/to/loginhook/executable>

dwrite loginwindow LogoutHook <path/to/logouthook/executable>

Pointers to the login and logout hooks, if used. It should be pointed

out that some of these things (login/logout hooks, for example) are
maybe more logically set where the loginwindow is invoked by the
WindowServer, namely /etc/ttys.

There are yet others. Here's the full list (thanks, Art):

NXGetDefaultValue("loginwindow", "DebugHook") => 0x0

NXGetDefaultValue("loginwindow", "DryRun") => 0x0
NXGetDefaultValue("loginwindow", "WindowServerTimeout") => 0x0
 NXRegisterDefaults("loginwindow", 0x16024)
KeyMapPath: 0x12d97
"~/Library/Keyboards:/LocalLibrary/Keyboards:/NextLibrary/Keyboards"
Keymap: 0x12de1 "/NextLibrary/Keyboards/USA"
SwappedKeymap: 0x12e0a "No"
LoginHook: 0x0
LogoutHook: 0x0
HostName: 0x0
ImageFile: 0x0
DefaultUser: 0x12e41 "me"
PowerOffDisabled: 0x0
TimeToDim: 0x12e69 "2040"
MoveWhenIdle: 0x12e0a "No"
MovementTimeout: 0x12e8b "300.0"
MovementRate: 0x12e9e "0.06666"
MovementScale: 0x12eb4 "10"

[Christopher J. Kane [email protected]]

Under NeXTSTEP 3.1, the login window has two buttons labeled "Reboot"
and "Power" that allow a user to reboot and power down from the login
window. In a public lab, this feature may be undesirable. The
PowerOffDisabled default can be used to disable the buttons, but they
are still shown in the window and push in when clicked (a bad user
interface decision, IMHO).

The program below patches loginwindow to eradicate the restart and

power buttons. It makes the loginwindow's LoginButton class instance
method initWithImage:altImage:andString: a no-op (just return nil).
This patch has been applied to the machines in the NeXT lab at Purdue
(like sonata.cc.purdue.edu for instance), and no adverse effects have
been noted.

This program must be run as root, since it writes to the file

/usr/lib/NextStep/loginwindow.app/loginwindow.

An archive with a compiled executable has been submitted to

sonata.cc.purdue.edu.

/*
* Patches the loginwindow.app to eradicate the restart and power
* buttons from the login window.
*
* Christopher J. Kane ([email protected])
* Released into public domain; August 13, 1993.
*/

#include <libc.h>
#include <errno.h>

void main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
unsigned char patch[8] = {0x0, 0x0, 0x42, 0x80, 0x4e, 0x5e, 0x4e,
0x75};
int file = open("/usr/lib/NextStep/loginwindow.app/loginwindow",
O_WRONLY);
 if (-1==file)
goto error;
if (-1==lseek(file, 21170, SEEK_SET))
goto error;
if (-1==write(file, patch, 8))
goto error;
if (-1==close(file))
goto error;
exit(0);
error:
fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", argv[0], strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

FAQ-Authors note: We strongly recommend to do a backup of the

loginwindow application, because the patch alters the file directly
and will most likely not work on different versions of the OS.

4.10 How does one set UNIX man pages to be viewed in nroff format with DL like
the standard manual pages in NS2.x?

man pages, NS2.x

Beyond looking in the man pages under ixBuild, etc., what you want to
do is put a few files (contents listed below file name) the .index
directory:

.roffArgs:
-man

displayCommand:
tbl %s | nroff -man

ixBuildOptions:
-fman -Nwhatis -Ncat[1-8ln] -V

Other options that people suggested for ixBuildOptions:

-fman -Nwhatis -Ncat[1-8] -V /usr/local/man

-fman -Nwhatis -V /usr/local/man/man*

I don't think you need to explicitly name the directory in the first
alternative, but you do in the second unless you want the cat*
directories indexed as well.

Note: Do NOT leave a trailing return after the line in ixBuildOptions;

DL will barf. (I think someone said that, as shipped, the standard man
.index/ixBuildOptions had this problem.)

[From: Eric D. Engstrom ]

 Can anyone tell me what the command line for this might be under
NEXTSTEP 3.0?

Short answer: RTM on ixbuild(1) - specifically the parameter "-g".

In addition, I'd like to inform the newsgroup of a simple hack I setup

on my own machine to create a unified DL target for all UNIX Manual
pages (including system, local, gnu, whatever). This was easier under
2.x because IXBuild (pre IXKit) had more hacks in it...

Basically, you need to setup a directory with sym-links to the various

man-page directories; For example:

(397)basilisk% pwd
/LocalLibrary/Documentation/ManPages
(398)basilisk% ls -alg
total 728
drwxrwxr-x 2 eric wheel 1024 Mar 28 18:03 ./
drwxrwxr-x 11 root wheel 1024 Mar 27 00:41 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 eric wheel 370 Feb 27 22:01 .README
-rw-rw-r-- 1 eric wheel 872 Feb 27 17:11 .dir.tiff
-rw-rw-r-- 1 eric wheel 20 Feb 27 17:11 .displayCommand
-rw-rw-r-- 1 eric wheel 47 Feb 27 17:10 .index.iname
-rw-rw-r-- 1 eric wheel 6 Feb 27 17:10 .index.itype
-rw-r--r-- 1 eric wheel 729088 Mar 28 18:44 .index.store
-rw-rw-r-- 1 eric wheel 5 Feb 27 17:11 .roffArgs
lrwxrwxrwx 1 eric wheel 18 Feb 27 17:53 gnu ->
/usr/local/gnu/man/@
lrwxrwxrwx 1 eric wheel 14 Feb 27 17:53 local ->
/usr/local/man/@
lrwxrwxrwx 1 eric wheel 9 Feb 27 17:53 news ->
/news/man/@
lrwxrwxrwx 1 eric wheel 35 Feb 27 17:53 system ->
/usr/man/@

Notice that I also copied all the .[a-z]* files from the /usr/man/
directory as well.

Then, use ixbuild -gl to (re)build the index. If your any of the links
point to directories on other devices, add "d" to "-gl". "-v" will
give you verbose output (like my writing style ;-). RTM under
ixbuild(1) for more info.

Unfortunately, once the index is built, I've never successfully gotten

DL to update it correctly. Instead I have to do it by hand using
ixbuild -ogldvc (actually, I setup a cron job to reindex weekly.)

If you have troubles, try removing the .index.store file and

rebuilding the entire database. I've had intermittent problems with
ixbuild under 3.0.

4.11 Appending a signature and addition headers to your e-mail

.signature signature Mail

There is a bundle for Mail to which, beside other features, allows you
to add a .signature file to outgoing e-mails: EnhancedMail.bundle.
This software package is available by the FTP archive sites.

Here are other solutions which might serve you as well:

[Carl Edman ]

First create a simple text file the following content:

#!/bin/sh
{
if test -r ${HOME}/.add-header; then cat ${HOME}/.add-header; fi
cat -
if test -r ${HOME}/.signature; then echo "--"; cat ${HOME}/.signature;
fi
}| /usr/lib/sendmail "$@"

A good name for this file would be sendmail-addheader. If you want to

and can install it for system-wide use put this file in e.g. /usr/lib.
Otherwise your private /Unix/bin directory is also fine. Make certain
that this file has execute permission. To set that, use e.g. chmod 755
/usr/lib/sendmail-addheader.

Next, open up the preferences panel in Mail. Switch to the expert

options. Change the Mailer option from /usr/lib/sendmail (which it
should originally be) to /usr/lib/sendmail-addheader (or whatever the
name of the file you created is). OK this and you should be set.

From now on your file /.signature file should always be appended to

all mail sent out with Mail.app. In addition if you have a file called
add-header in your home-directory it should automatically be prepended
to your outgoing mail. To implement a reply-to line, you would simply
give it the following content:

Reply-to: My Real Human Name <[email protected]>

IMPORTANT: Make certain that you have one and exactly one newline at
the end of /.add-header. Anything might break outgoing mail. Beware!

BUG: The /.signature file is not added properly for NeXT mail
containing attachments. The headers will still be added properly. This
could be fixed but probably is more of a hassle than it is worth.

[From: [email protected] (Jim Brownfield)]

I have added a Terminal Service to terminal to add a signature file

whenever I type "0" (command/zero), and I thought this might be of
interest to people who read your FAQ. I have used this technique for
over a year with no problems, and it has the advantage of working both
with non-NeXT and NeXT Mail.

First, you must create a file with your signature containing the
characters "--" on the first line (there has been some discussion as
 to whether this should be "-- " ("--" followed by a blank), but my
file only has the "--" as the first line. The rest of the file should
contain your normal signature. If you place the file in your home
directory, I recommend NOT using the filename ".signature" for this
file since it may conflict with other programs (like NewsGrazer). I
use the filename ".fullSignature". The file used for the signature
should be ascii and not RTF to allow the file to be used for NeXT and
non-NeXT mail.

You can create a "Get signature" service by launching Terminal and

accessing the "Terminal Services" window through the "Info/Terminal
Services..." menu item. Then perform the following:

1. Create a new service by clicking on the "New" button. Change the

service name to "Get signature".
2. Add the command "cat " and "0" (zero) to the "Command and Key
Equivalent" entry. The "0" is obviously arbitrary, but I've found
that it doesn't conflict with any of the commands I normally use.
3. De-select any items checked within the "Accept" grouping. Select
the "As Input" radio button under the "Use Selection" section.
4. Change the "Execution" popup to "Run Service in the Background".
Select the "Return Output" and "No Shell" radio buttons.
5. Click the "Save" button.

Now, when you type "0" (actually, from any application), your
signature will be added wherever your cursor is located (be careful
not to have text selected as it will replace the selected text with
your signature). I have found this to be very convenient for adding my
.sig to outgoing mail.

4.12 How can I quickly find a file if I don't know its directory?

searching, files find

The Unix find command on the NeXT has the capability of quickly
searching a database of all the files. This database is located in
/etc/find.codes and has to be generated periodically. You can
automatically generate this database, say twice a week at 3:15 a.m.,
by adding this line to your file /etc/crontab.local (you might have to
create this file).

15 03 * * 2,5 root /usr/lib/find/updatedb > /usr/adm/updatedb.err

After this has run, you can quickly find any file from a terminal by
typing find where is a part of the file name you want (it is
case-sensitive).

[Carl Edman ] adds:

Find still works under 3.0, but now has to match the entire filename
(including the path) for a match to be recognized i.e. where under 2.x
you would have find foobar, under 3.0 you have find '*foobar*' (The '
are necessary to prevent the shell from expanding the wildcards
itself).
 [From: Geert Jan van Oldenborgh ]

I find the following script in /usr/local/bin very handy to bring back

the behavior that God Intended find to have:

#!/bin/csh
if ( $#argv == 1 ) then
/usr/bin/find \*$1\*
else
set noglob
/usr/bin/find $argv[1-]
unset noglob
endif

4.13 Mail.app suddenly stopped working!

Mail, doesn't start

When I double-click the Mail.app icon it loads and seems to start but
then just terminates. How can I fix this ?

Usually the problem is caused by Mail.app being terminated with

extreme prejudice such as by a power outage or kill -9. Under those
circumstances Mail.app may leave a lock file in your active mailbox.
Due to a bug 3.0 Mail.app doesn't ask for permission to override this
lock when started up again but just dies. Open a shell and look in
/Mailboxes/Active.mbox. If this directory contains a file called .lock
you have found the culprit. You can safely remove this file.

4.14 Recycler doesn't work anymore?!

Recycler

For some reason, after moving my home directory, my recycler no longer

works?

[From: eric%[email protected] (Eric D. Engstrom)]

Basically, when you dump a file in the recycler, the workspace manager
(attempts) to move it to one of the following locations:

(note: no order implied here, because I'm unsure of the actual order
used)

- $HOME/.NeXT/.NextTrash
(Should always exist; unsure what happens if it doesn't)

- /tmp/.NextTrash_$USER
Automatically created if non-existent)

- $MNT-POINT/.NextTrash/$USER
(.NextTrash NOT automatically created if non-existent)
 Also, the workspace requires that the trash directory into which it
puts the to-be-deleted file be on the same disk partition that the
file originally came from (for speed, I assume).

Also, an example of the permissions for the external disk .NextTrash

directory (which is not automatically created) should be :

ls -aldg /private/mnt2/local/.NextTrash
drwxrwxrwt [...] /private/mnt2/local/.NextTrash/

Note: /private/mnt2/local is the mount point. Do chmod 1777 .NextTrash

to get the permissions right.

Thus, if you moved your home directory from one partition to another,
the one you left may not have a "recycler-repository" to use.

4.15 How to hear sound from CDPlayer.app thought NEXTSTEP system?

digital audio CDPlayer

To hear sound, the following info is important.

[Carl Edman ]

Hearing the sound directly on the NeXT can be done with the play3401
program from the archives if you have a Toshiba 3401 series drive.
Theoretically this can also be done with NEC [78]4-1s and Apple CD
300s, though I know of no NeXT program which supports them. Most other
drives (including the NeXT CD-ROM) just don't have the hardware to do
it.

There is another player available: CD_evil, which is based on play3401

but offers a GUI.

FAQ-Authors note: On Intel system it's very easy: just connect the
CD-Audio out (internal) to your CD-in of the soundcard (internal).

Anyway there are problems with different drives. E.g. we know, that
the Toshiba, Sony and Nec drives currently use the same instruction
set to access audio data. So be aware that there are drives which
simply can't be accessed through CDPlayer.

4.16 How do I decompress a file with the extension .compressed?

.compressed compress uncompress gnutar tar gzip gunzip

Do this with the following methods.

[From: [email protected]]

.compressed files have been compressed in the Workspace Manager.

Basically, they are just .tar.Z files. Even single files are tarred as
well as compressed. There are several methods of decompressing these
files.
1. They can be decompressed by selecting them in the Workspace, and
 Selecting uncompress from the file menu.
2. They can be decompressed by selecting them in the Workspace, and
bringing up the Workspace Inspector. (You can double click to get
there faster)
3. You can rename them to be .tar.Z and handle them the way you do
them.

FAQ-Authors note: use uncompress to access the .Z files and/or gunzip

to access .z/.gz files. Use tar to access .tar files. You might also
you gnutar to access both together, e.g. to access a .tar.gz

at once. Read the man pages for more information.

4.17 How do I change the Workspace compression app?

compress gzip gunzip dwrites

Change it with the given method.

[Stephen Peters ]

You can change the tools that the Workspace uses to create and read
its .compressed files by issuing the following commands in a terminal
window:

dwrite Workspace compress /usr/bin/gzip

dwrite Workspace uncompress /usr/bin/gunzip
dwrite Workspace AlwaysTarForCompress YES

[Reuven M. Lerner [email protected]]

This is generally a good thing, except that people might follow your
advice and then try to send NeXTmail to someone who is still using
compress/uncompress. Changing Workspace/uncompress to gunzip isn't a
problem, since it uncompresses all sorts of files, but people should
be very careful not to change Workspace/compress to gzip unless they
will only be dealing with other gzip-equipped users.

4.18 console: loginwindow: netinfo problem - No such directory.

netinfo problem, /keyboard directory is missing. It's benign... but

annoying.

niutil -create . /keyboard

Fixed in 2.1 and up.

4.19 Root login not possible on client machine

root login
 A number of people have complained about the situation where root can
log onto the configuration server, but not its clients. Login proceeds
normally, then a window with "Workspace error Internal error (signal
10)" pops up. Other users are not affected.

This scenario occurs with NetBooted clients that are not permitted
root access to / via the server's /etc/exports file, either via an
explicit root= option or (the most heinous) anon=0. For security
reasons many sites will NOT want to permit such access.

Note that what you're up against is only a Workspace Manager

misfeature; there's no problem logging in as root on the real UNIX
console, or logging in as a non-root user and then using "su" to
obtain root privileges.

Root access is needed to:

* Log in a root Workspace.

* Perform BuildDisk on a client.
* Run the GuidedTour demo for the first time subsequent invocations
will not autologin, but they will run just fine if you log in as
NextTour (no password).

It is not required to perform updates on the local NetInfo database,

for any normal user operations, nor to run programs requiring root
access on the server using -NXHost.

4.20 How to boot NEXTSTEP from the second (higher SCSI ID) HD?

Boot, from higher SCSI ID Boot, from second drive

Use the following command.

bsd(1,0,0) -a

which will then ask you for the drive to use as the root disk, or
still easier,

bsd(1,0,0)sdmach rootdev=sd1

In the boot command the name of the bootfile can be replaced by '-'.
This is very useful as the length of the bootcommand which can be
stored in the permanent memory is very limited (on NeXT machines
only). So the only way to eg. increase the number of buffers
permanently to 128 in the boot command is to use the following boot
command: sd- nbu=128 (sdmach nbu=128 would have been too long).

4.21 How to make swapfile shrink to the normal size?

swapfile
 The swapfile is located in /private/vm. The only current way to make
it shrink is to reboot the machine.

See the man pages for swaptab for more information. Note, that putting
a space after the comma in /etc/swaptab (lowat=,hiwat=) makes swapon
ignore the hiwat entry.

There is a short trick which seems to work for several people: type
exit in the login panel. This will exit the window server and restart
it immediatly. If you are lucky, this will reclaim some space.

4.22 Does netinfo work between machines running NEXTSTEP 2.x and 3.x?

netinfo

Yes.

4.23 Why does the console user "own" the external disk filesystem?

filesystem, external

You need an entry in /etc/fstab so the disk will be mounted at boot

time, rather than being "automounted" when somebody logs in.
Automounted disks are owned by whoever logged in, fstab-mounted disks
are owned by root. Something like this:

/dev/sd0a / 4.3 rw,noquota,noauto 0 1

/dev/sd1a /Disk 4.3 rw,noquota 0 2

(assuming the external disk is to be mounted as /Disk)

fstab should be niloaded into the Netinfo database if it contains any

NFS mounts.

4.24 How to limit coredump sizes?

coredump, size limit

Limit it by the following command.

This will work for apps running from a shell.

limit coredumpsize 0

If your dock or workspace apps are dumping core, there's also:

dwrite Workspace CoreLimit <bytesize>

4.25 What is the maximum value of nbuf that I can specify on bootup?
 buffers, ROM

I know the ROM monitor only allows twelve characters, but I use
something like this:

bsd sdmach nbuf=xxx

(NeXT machines only) Enter the hardware monitor. Hit 'p' to adjust the
configuration parameters. It will respond: Boot command: ? Enter sd-
nbu=xxx, where xxx is a number less than 256.

4.26 How can I change the mouse pointer shape and color?

Maybe this could point you into the right direction. Pipe it to pft
and see what happens....

%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 16 16
%%EndComments
0 0 16 16 Retained window
dup windowdeviceround
gsave
16 16 scale
16 16 4
[16 0 0 -16 0 16]
{<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>} false 3 alphaimage
grestore
gstate
nextdict /_NXSharedGrayAlpha get
NX_TwelveBitRGB 1 index setwindowdepthlimit
windowdeviceround
0 0 16 16 5 4 roll 0 32 Copy composite
nulldevice
termwindow

Maybe somebody wants to write some kind of "pointer editor"?

 There is also a commercial application named 'MouseMagic' which
handles this and custom acceleration modes.

4.27 How do I customize BuildDisk to create a bootable disk of my own

configuration?

BuildDisk, customization The BuildDisk application is extremely

limited in terms of the types of disks configuration it knows how to
build. Essentially it "knows" about swapdisks, optical disks, 330 and
660 MB SCSI disks. If you wish to do custom configurations you should
look at existing BLD script files in /etc/BLD.* There is a script
which you can use to specify which BLD script you are using, which
disktab entry, and other useful parameters in /usr/etc/builddisk

Some things to note:

* the fstab installed on the target disk is specified in the
newclient command in the BLD script. standard fstabs are extracted
from /usr/template/client/fstab.*
* the BLD scripts do not put down a new boot block on the scsi disk,
you may want to install one by hand using the /usr/etc/disk
program.
* some disks boot fine but NeXTstep comes up with a blank window and
no login window. This is due sometimes to forgetting to install an
accessible /NextLibrary/{Fonts,Sounds}. In general you need quite
a lot of things to make a bootable disk.

You can build a minimally usable bootable floppy (for crash recovery
purposes). There is a modified version of builddisk (to make it
support building floppies, a minimal change) and a BLD script to build
the boot floppy available at cs.orst.edu in
next/sources/Bootfloppy.tar.Z. (I put this together in response to
several requests.) A newer version of Bootfloppy for 2.1 is on the
archives as next/sources/util/Bootfloppy2.1.tar.Z. Also available from
the archives is BootFloopy 3.x (for --- you guessed it --- NEXTSTEP
3.x). I might also add that one can improve on disk usage while
enhancing functionality. BuildDisk (which is used by the various
BootFloppy scripts) just copies the standard binaries for ls, mv, cp
aso. from /bin. These binaries are statically linked as shipped by
NeXT which makes them huge. (e.g. /bin/ls is 106496 bytes large.
/usr/local/bin/gls with more features is just 16268 bytes). If you
replace these binaries by the BSD or GNU equivalents you can save
several hundred kBytes on your boot floppy. This extra diskspace can
be used for tar, dump and more tools which makes the boot floppy
actually usable. Tested.

4.28 Are there any more dwrites useful for the workspace, ...?

dwrite, misc

There a lot of dwrite useful for you. (self explanatory)

dwrite Workspace compress /usr/bin/gzip

dwrite Workspace uncompress /usr/bin/gunzip
dwrite Workspace AlwaysTarForCompress Yes
dwrite Workspace DockOrginX (some number)
 dwrite Workspace DockOrginY (some number)
dwrite Workspace DockOffsetX -1057 (leftmost)
dwrite Workspace DockOnTop (0 or 1 for true or false)

dwrite appname NXCMYKAdjust YES

dwrite Preferences 24HourClock yes

4.29 What is the @LongLink message from gnutar all about?

@LongLink gnutar

Because gnutar tries to be somewhat compatible to the old tar format,

it can't store pathnames longer than 100 chars. In order to store
files with longer names, it generates a special file entry containing
just the longer filename. These are the long links you see. Nothing to
worry about.

4.30 What stands the file .place3_0.wmd for?

.place3_0.wmd

The Workspace uses it to record the window attributes (sort order,

view type, icon positions and so on)

Switching the 'UNIX Expert' flag in UNIX Preferences panel off hides
all files which start by '.'.

4.31 How to create transparent icons with IconBuilder

IconBuilder icon, transparent

If you are repainting an icon on the filesystem e.g. .dir.tiff make a

copy and remove it first. Then reload the directory (the default icon
gets shown). This is needed because the system caches icons.

Now here comes how to create transparent backgrounds using

IconBuilder:

* Select Format->Document Layout (or New document layout)

* 'Has alpha' must be checkedus
* Open the color inspector
* UNcheck 'paint in overlay mode'
* Choose any color (I took white)
* Set Opacity to 0
* Use Paintbucket to fill the whole icon
* Now set Opacity back to 100
* Draw the icon

What 'Paint in overlay mode� does, is that when checked, it will use
both the alpha (opacity) of the existing pixel and the alpha selected
in the color inspector and combine both into a new color. When
unchecked the existing pixel will just be replaced with one using
color and alpha as selected in the inspector.

4.32 How to access the MAC format of a mixed DOS/MAC CD-ROM

 Mac DOS CD-ROM

Some CD-ROMs are using multiple fileformats to adress more people.

This is done by putting two filesystems on the disk. With NEXTSTEP you
are able to acess both. But what to do if the Workspace only shows you
the DOS side of a disk, while the Mac side is often more convenient
(due to e.g. long filenames).

The solution is to change the priority the system is searching for a

usable filesystem. You need to rearange the filesystems in
/usr/filesystems to fit your needs. Here is how:

* ls -lR /usr/filesystems shows the actual searching queue.

* mv /usr/filesystems /tmp/filesystems to backup things
* mkdir /usr/filesystems recreate the directory.
* cp -p -r /tmp/filesystems/xx /usr/filesystems copy the filesystems
in order of searching back to the default location.
* chmod 4755 /usr/filesystems/xx.fs/xx.util reset SUID mode
* reset the links in /usr/filesystems/DOS.fs/.

4.33 Is there a PPP for NEXTSTEP

PPP

There is a commercial PPP and a public domain PPP implementation.

For the public domain PPP there is an additional FAQ available at:
http://www.thoughtport.com:8080/PPP/

The public domain PPP is based on the PPP-2.2 distribution. This

distribution offers several enhancements over ppp-2.1.2. Especially
noteworty is that it implements BSD packet compression. Using packet
compression can lead to higher throughput than you get using
compressing modems.

The port works on Motorola, Intel (both Mux and NeXT supplied serial
drivers), and HP systems running OS 3.2 and 3.3. It also works in
conjunction with Black and White's NXFAX software.

You may also want to join the mailing list for PPP. This will keep you
informed of new releases and will provide an arena for discussing
problems with the NeXT specific PPP port. To add yourself to the list
(or for any other administrative requests), send an email message to:
[email protected] requesting you be placed on the
list. Make sure to include your proper return email address. To send
mail to all the participants on the list, address your messages to:
[email protected]

4.34 NIS and OpenStep

NIX lookupd

There's a new lookupd in OpenStep for Mach 4.0, which works a bit
differently than the old lookupd. The new lookupd has a number of
"agents" that do lookups from various information systems (NetInfo,
DNS, NIS, the Flat Files, and the internal cache). You can specify
 which information sources should be consulted, and in what order. You
can also specify which information sources should be consulted for
different categories. There is documentation for all this in the file
/NextLibrary/Documentation/NextAdmin/ReleaseNotes/lookupd.rtf.

One change in NIS lookups is that a "+" in the /etc/passwd file does
not trigger a NIS lookup. If you want user lookups to consult both
/etc/passwd and the NIS passwd maps, you need to tell lookupd to use
both Flat File and NIS agents. For example, if you configure all this
in your root domain, you could set user lookups to use
Cache+NetInfo+Flat Files+NIS like this:

niutil -create / /locations/lookupd

niutil -create / /locations/lookupd/users
niutil -createprop / /locations/lookupd/users LookupOrder \
CacheAgent NIAgent FFAgent NISAgent

4.35 System overloaded due to swapping

Swapping CPU overload load

Several people discovered the problem, that their system get's

unusable due to swapping. This is extremely bad, because if this
swapping occurs, you can't even break the CPU load causing process,
because you can't even open a terminal window. There exists a
programmed solution to this problem.

Here it is! I should warn you that this will just kill the app --- it
will not give you a chance to save files, nor will it bring up a nice
panel asking if you really meant to do that. There is no warranty for
anything by using this code.

To use it, simple hold down alternate and right click on any window
owned by the application or its icon on the dock. This will not kill
some apps like Terminal because they run as root.

In order to install it, you will have to edit

/usr/lib/NextStep/windowpackage.ps. Make sure that you make a backup
of this file before editing it! It is owned by root, so not just
anyone can do this.

To apply the patch, search for a line stating: rmdownEvProc (the

procedure for processing right mouse button down events), and replace
it with the code named examples/windowpackage.patch in the FAQ
archive. For NS3.3 this code is located at line 1319.

Disclaimer: you should not attempt this if you do not know what you
are doing. You may be unable to log in (you will have to boot single
user to restore the windowpackage.ps) if you mess it up. You can kill
apps that you did not mean to kill. I cannot be responsible for what
happens!

Thanks to David Koski [email protected] for supplying this code.

4.36 Swapfile issues

 swapfile swap, speed swap, size
1. use 'mkfile' to generate the lowat file size of you swapfile. This
decreases the number of inodes used and keeps the permanent lowat
size defragmented.
2. on fast machines, compress the swapfile (only possible on the
primary file), on slow machines, disable compressing.
3. place the swapfile on the fastest hard disk drive you have. Use
'man swaptab' to learn more about configuring swap files.
4. to learn more about the never shrinking swapfile question, read
the NeXTanswers about it. http://www.next.com/NeXTanswers/
5. if your swaptab ignores some options: be aware that options must
not contain spaces!

4.37 Garbage collection and Objective-C

garbage collection memory allocation

Note that Boehm's conservative garbage collector from

ftp://ftp.parc.xerox.com/pub/gc/ works great with Objective-C, so you
can use GC also with the other compilers.

That GC could be enhanced a little by taking advantage of the

Objective-C runtime type information; the hooks are there for it.

4.38 Setting up an anonymous FTP server

ftp server

Many people suggested just to read the online manual to ftpd. Probably
a good idea. Anyway I included a not tested script in the FAQ
distribution package which might be convinient for most people.

5 BLACK (NEXT) HARDWARE

5.1 What disk drives will work with the NeXT?

disk drives

There are some situations in which there are problems. Here is a short
list which might help you in your disk drive quest:

* These drives don't work with NeXT hardware: FUJITSU 2684SAU,

SEAGATE ST51080N, IBM IB06H8891
* The SCSI driver for NeXT hardware only accepts asynchronous data
transfer. Although every new SCSI-2 drive should support this
mode, this isn't true for certain drives. Also sometimes there is
a hardware switch (a little jumper on the drive) which switches
between synchronous and asynchronous mode. You definitly can only
use asynchronous disks!
* There are also problems with sync negotiation on NeXT hardware. In
general there should be another jumper to toggle this are you
might change this with an SCSI utility. There are also problems
with the tagged command queuing option. Anyway all these problem
can be solved.
 Most SCSI disk drives will work without modifying /etc/disktab.

There are problems with the installation of boot blocks and badly
formed fstab generated by BuildDisk of NEXTSTEP 2.0. A disk connected
to the NeXT will need to have a NeXT specific label written to it
before it can be properly recognized by the system. If you get an
error message "Invalid Label..." this indicates that the drive was
successfully seen by the NeXT machine but it does not have the proper
label, to install a label use the /usr/etc/disk program on the raw
disk device that the system assigned to the device and use the label
command to write the label onto the disk. [how the NeXT assigns disk
devices is explained in the N&SA manual]

NEXTSTEP releases 2.0 and up provide a low level disk formatter,

sdform, which does not offer much flexibility, but gets the job done.
Most drives are already formatted at the factory. You might look for
the utility sdformat on the FTP sites as well, which overcomes some
problems of sdform supplied by NeXT.

5.2 Will a 68030 NeXT Computer run NEXTSTEP 3.3?

NS3.3 and 68030

Yes, but note that NeXTstep 3.3 is be optimized for the 68040 CPUs.
NeXTstep 1.0 and 2.x were optimized for the 68030 CPU, 68882 FPU
machines.

5.3 How do I configure my HP 660 to boot properly?

HP 660, boot boot, HP 660

It has been reported that HP drives fail to autoboot on power on or

while other devices are on the scsi bus. The problem seems to be with
drives configured to spin-up automatically on power on do not get
recognized at boot time. To remedy this problem reliably with HP 660Mb
(HP97548) and 1Gbyte (HP 97549) drives remove the auto spinup jumper
on the back of the drive. Looking at the disk from the back with the
power connector on the lower left, it is the sixth jumper.

The official fix was an EPROM change to the HP drive from HP. The HP
drives took too long to wait up, so the system wasn't happy with the
other drives coming ready first especially when the HP was suppose to
be the boot device. (The EPROM is no longer available from NeXT).

5.4 What is the procedure for installing a Fujitsu M2263SA/SB SCSI Disk as the
NeXT Boot Disk?

Fujitsu M2263SA/SB

See Izumi Ohzawa's note in /pub/next/docs/fujitsu.recipe available via

anonymous ftp from sonata.cc.purdue.edu.

5.5 How to mount a corrupted OD that won't automount?

OD, corrupt OD, mount

If you can't automount an OD, and you can't fix it, you can still
 manually mount it. Log in as root. Type /usr/etc/mount /dev/od0a /FoO.
It will ask you to insert the disk. Insert it. It is mounted.

This method WILL mount a corrupted OD so you can read its contents.
Since it is corrupted, it is not recommended to write to it. You
should copy the important files to something else, then reformat it.

5.6 What non-NeXT CD Players that work with a NeXT?

CD-ROM, NeXT

A USENET survey summary:

Apple CD-150
PLI 1035N for NeXT
SUN CD-ROM drive (Sony CDU-8012, Rev. 3.1a)
NEC 73M and 74 (transfer rates > of 300 KB/sec.)
NEC 84 S
NEC 4xi
NEC 6x speed
Apple CD-SC (Sony 541-22 mechanism)
Apple CD-300
Apple CD-300+
Chinon CDS-431 (with new drivers)
Eclipse CD-ROM from Microtech
Toshiba 3201
Toshiba 3301
Toshiba 3401
Toshiba 3501
Toshiba TXM3301E1
Toshiba XM-2200A external
Toshiba XM3601
Plextor Quadspeed
Plextor PX-63CS (6xspeed)
DENON DRD-253 external (data only, no music)
HP's LaserROM drive (Toshiba XM-3301TA drive in HP's box)
Texel 3024 (required a firmware upgrade to version was 1.11)

As with all SCSI devices, they just work. Some drives only get
problems with their audio support with CD-Player (due to not
standardized SCSI audio commands, but this isn't a NeXT specific
problem!)

In contrary the question should be: are there SCSI CD-ROMs which don't
work together with NEXTSTEP?

5.7 What are some other sources of toner cartridges and trays for the NeXT
laser printer?

toner, NeXT printer

The toner cartridge is a standard EP-S cartridge, the same that fits
the HP LaserJet III and some other printers.

Any HP LaserJet II or III will fit. HPLJ4mSI cartridges do NOT fit.

Any HP LJII or LJIII paper tray will fit. IIISI and 4 trays will not.
 Confused? Read again :-)

5.8 What printers (laser or otherwise) may be used with a NeXT?

printers, on NeXT

If you plan to connect an HP LaserJet (II, IIP, III, etc.) you need to
make a special cable in order for the NeXT 040 and HP to get the
hardware handshaking correct. This is true for whatever version of the
OS you are running.

NeXT 68040 to HP LaserJet III Cable (not a Null-modem cable):

Mini-Din HP DB-25

1 (DTR) nc
2 (DCD) 4 (RTS)
3 (TXD) 3 (RXD)
4 (GND) 7 (GND)
5 (RXD) 2 (TXD)
6 (RTS) 5 (CTS)
7 (RTXC) nc
8 (CTS) 20 (DTR)

You may want to use hardware flow control for reliability (ie
/dev/ttyfa).

If you have problems with other printers, check the cable pinouts in
the printer's manual against the one recommended in the zs man-page!
Refer to Chapter 13 in Network and System Administration.

5.9 What can I do to prevent my NeXT printer from running all the time?

printer, turning off

The NeXT 400dpi printer powers up every time you boot up when the
print daemon is started (/usr/lib/NextPrinter/npd in /etc/rc). Apart
from not running the daemon at boot time (commenting it out and having
to run it by hand later), you can add the following lines to
/etc/rc.local:

if [ -f /usr/etc/nppower ]; then
sleep 3
/usr/etc/nppower off
(echo 'powering off NeXTprinter') >/dev/console
fi

Once you queue a print job the printer daemon will automatically power
up the NeXT printer for you. The printer daemon will not automatically
power off the machine after a print job, you will need to turn off the
printer by typing /usr/etc/nppower off.

5.10 What type of microphones will work with the NeXT?

 microphone, NeXT

Some NeXT owners use the RadioShack (Realistic) Tie Clip Microphone
($19.95) cat 33-1052. NeXT Computer, Inc. uses the "Sony Electret
Condenser Microphone ECM-K7" in-house (available for $60). Some use
Sony Tie-Clip microphone, #ECM-144, which costs around $40. Others
have successfully used a WalMart brand microphone (available for $6).

5.11 How do I connect a modem to the NeXT?

modem, on NeXT

Previously, we suggested that people use Mac modem cables; however, it

has come to our attention that there is no one standard Mac modem
cable.

Since correct modem operation on a NeXT depends upon a correctly wired

modem cable, buying a Mac cable is not a good idea. Some Mac cables do
not allow dial-in and no Mac cable allows the use of hardware flow
control. For these reasons, we are recommending that only cables that
meet NeXT specifications be used. [however, if you have a Mac modem
cable lying around and don't care about dial-in or hardware flow
control, then by all means....]

These cables are available commercially from any store, how still
sells NeXT stuff, and from Computer Cables and Devices, or can be
custom built. Note that no off- the-shelf Mac cable will allow
hardware flow control. It is however possible to make a such a cable
from an Imagewriter II cable by replacing one of the mini-8 ends with
a DB-25 connector.

Hardware flow control is absolutely essential for all serial port

connections with speeds of 9600 bps and above. Make certain that you
cable supports it, your modem is configured to use it and you are
using the hardware flowcontrol devices /dev/cuf[ab], /dev/ttydf[ab]
and /dev/ttyf[ab], respectively.

Most people use tip or kermit to control the modem. SLIP and/or UUCP
may also be used (but are more complicated to set up and require the
remote machine to also have SLIP and/or UUCP (respectively)).

A version of the DOS-program pcomm can be found on

ftp.informatik.uni-muenchen.de

The 2.0 Network and System Administration Manual, which is available

in hard-copy (shipped with each machine) contains an extensive
description of how to use modems with the NeXT machine. Additionally
NeXT in their TechSupportNotes series called SerialPortDoc.wn and UUCP
for 1.0/1.0a systems . This document is available from most FTP sites
that carry NextAnswers. Also, try to obtain the about.modem.Z file by
Mark Adler in the pub/next/lore directory on sonata.cc.purdue.edu

5.12 What fax modems will work with the NeXT?

fax modem, on NeXT

Most available modems of today, don't work for with the general fax
driver available with NEXTSTEP. In this case you need to perchuse a
commercial solution: 'NXFax'. There are demos available. The following
information is pretty much old, and might probably be obsolete now:

The following fax modems are currently available for the NeXT
Computer:

Manufacturer, Model Supplier, Type

DoveFax for NeXT, Dove Computer, Class 1

HSD FaxMaster, HSD Microcomputer, Class 2*
mix fax, i�link GmbH, Class 2**
SupraFAXModem V.32bis, Supra Corp., Class 2
(requires DFax driver or NXFax driver)
ZyXEL U-1496E/E+/S/S+, ZyXEL USA, Class 2
(requires NXFax driver)
Telebit T3000 with fax option
Telebit WorldBlazer with fax option
(requires NXFax driver)
Neuron 1414/1414+ with ZyXEL ROM upgrade
(requires NXFax driver)

(Neuron 1414 and Neuron 1414+ modems are relabelled ZyXEL modems.
Contact ZyXEL USA for ROM upgrades. Neuron modems with 512K ROMs
should upgrade their ROMs and ROM sockets to 1 Mb ROMs. People with
1Mb ROMs should just order the new ROMs.)

(*) Note that the Class 2 is not yet approved; it is still out for
ballot, after having failed in an October 1990 round. The Abaton
InterFax 24/96 NX driver supports Class 2 as it was in that draft;
there are expected to be very few changes prior to approval.

(**) Note that mix fax works with both the October 1990 and October
1991 draft versions of Class 2, especially with the NeXT supplied
Class 2 modem driver. Upgrading to an approved version of Class 2
would be a matter of just a software update (holds true for any
forthcoming (class 3?) standard, for that matter).

In order to use a fax modem with the NeXT Computer, a NeXT compatible
fax driver must be available to operate the modem. Modem control
procedures may be proprietary or conform to one of the following
EIA/TIA standards:

Class 1: CCITT T.30 session management and CCITT T.4 image data
handling are controlled by the driver.

Class 2*: CCITT T.30 session management and image data transport are
handled by the modem. CCITT T.4 image data preparation and
interpretation are controlled by the driver.

Release 2.0 of the NeXT system software includes a Class 2 modem

driver which will work with any fax modem which meets the EIA/TIA
Asynchronous Facsimile Control standard. Other fax modems must supply
a NeXT compatible driver.

Note that there's a small bug in 2.0 (fixed in 2.1): a symbolic link
 is missing for the file Class2_Fax_Modem_Driver in
/usr/lib/NextPrinter. The simple fix: create the link; it should
reference Interfax_Fax_Modem_Driver, also in the /usr/lib/NextPrinter
directory.

An alternative workaround for Class 2, especially useful for novices:

just use InterFax as the modem type in PrintManager, rather than Class
2*.

After installing a fax modem using PrintManager one must repeat

setting things in the Fax Options panel in order for them to be stored
correctly. In particular, these include the Rings to Answer and Number
of Times to Retry. This affects all fax modems being installed.

If one uses illegal characters in the Modems Number field in the Fax
Options when configuring an InterFax modem then the modem will not
answer the phone. Legal characters are digits, spaces, and plus signs.
This does not affect the Dove modem.

Modems from the german vendor Dr. Neuhaus also work with the internal
Fax-Driver. But only the FURY-series does.

5.13 How may I attach more than two serial ports to the NeXT?

serial port, >2 on NeXT

TTYDSP From Yrrid converts the DSP port into an additional serial
port.

Yrrid Incorporated
507 Monroe St.
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
Voice: 919-968-7858
Fax: 919-968-7856
E-mail: [email protected]

Unitnet has a device, the SLAT, that will connect to the scsi bus.

Uninet Peripherals, Inc.

Voice: 714-263-4222
Fax: 714-263-4299

Central Data Corporation made the scsiTerminal Server family of

products. However they stopped supporting NeXT hardwer. We are told
that Central Data may consider the solling or giving of the driver
source to an interested party.

Phone: 217/359-8010
Toll-free: 800/482-0315
FAX: 217-359-6904
Email: [email protected]
[email protected]
 [email protected]

Also, one can use an IP terminal server. In a non-Internet

environment, inexpensive terminal servers, which don't control access
to the network securely, can be used. If your network is an Internet
subnet, you must use a terminal server that controls either: (1) who
can log into the terminal server, or (2) which machines the terminal
server will access. These tend to be more expensive (around $250/port,
but in 8-port increments), but it may be quite economical means of
sharing ports among many NeXTs (or other computers) on the network.

Particularly if one has a NeXT network, an Ethernet terminal server

may be the way to go. One that supports Linemode Telnet (such as the
Xylogics Annex III) will offer the best performance.

5.14 What is the best and/or cheapest way to connect a NeXT to a thick
Ethernet?

Ethernet, thick There are many possible solutions. For example, here
are three:

* The University of Waterloo (Audio Research Group) uses an old

door-stop PC XT clone with two Western Digital cards (WD8003E
Ethercard Plus, $250 CDN each; you should be able to get them for
under $200 (US$)) running Vance Morrison's PCRoute (available from
accuvax.nwu.edu). You will also need a thickwire transceiver and a
drop cable (about $300). In addition, you will need Internet
addresses for the NeXT and both PC Ethernet cards (and a subnet
address). The documentation for PCRoute contains quite a bit of
information on the performance of this setup. This solution
requires two subnets. There is another program called PCbridge
that allows the machines on the thin and thick wires to be part of
the same subnet. This product also does packet filtering, so that
packets destined to machines on the same side of the net do not
cross over.

* Cabletron sells a MR-2000C Singleport Repeater for $695 that does

exactly what you need minus drop cable and transceiver. Their
number is (408) 441-9900.

* The march 1992 INMAC networking and connectivity products catalog

lists thicknet to thinnet converters. Product number Z903071 price
$445. Claims full ieee 802.3 compatibility and diagnostic LED's.
* NuData (908)-842-5757 (USA) sells AUI10 base-T boxes for about
$149.

5.15 How can I connect my NeXT to the telephone line and use it like an
answering Machine?

answering machine A company that is selling both hardware and software

to allow you to do this:

SES Computing
13206 Jenner Lane
Austin, Texas 78729
Voice: (512) 219-9468 (Demo system number)
 i.link, a european company, has a combined data/fax modem and
telephone answering machine. It uses the DSP port and is implemented
mainly in software on the DSP with a little bit of hardware to
interface to the phone line.

i.link GmbH
Nollendorfstrasse 11-12
D-1000 Berlin 30
Germany
Tel: +49 30 216 20 48
Fax: +49 30 215 82 74
E-mail: [email protected]

5.16 What color monitors can I use with the Color NeXT machines?

monitor, color

The important specs for the color monitor are:

Horz Scan Rate: 61 KHz

Vertical Scan Rate: 68 Hz
Resolution: 1280x1024 (NeXT uses 1120x832)
NON-INTERLACED

Displays may require alignment to adjust for the scan rate of NeXT
machines.

The Nanao T560i 17" color display has been used with NeXTstation Color
machines, and seems to work well.

Some larger NEC displays have also worked.

5.17 Where can I get 13W3 to BNC adapters to connect third party color
monitors?

13W3 to BNC BNC to 13W3

You can get them from:NeXT/Bell Atlantic: part number S4025.

NuData in New Jersey carries 13W3 female to 4 BNC male connectors. The
price is about $100.

NuData
Voice: 908-842-5757

DISCLAIMER: I take no responsibility for the following. If you can

source the bits yourself here's how it's built.
 1 female 13W3 connector
3 Male BNC connectors
3 mini coax

ie. the pins to the coaxial are male and the regular pins are female.

Looks like this.

. o o o o o . . 13W3 FEMALE
A1 o o o o o A2 A3
| | |
| | |
| | |
Red Green Blue 3 BNC's

That's the coax part. The outer shielding of the coax's are grounded
on both pin 10 and the case.

5.18 How may I attach Centronics or 16 bit wide parallel ports to the NeXT?

centronics, NeXT parallel port, NeXT

Uninet has devices, the SLAT-2 and the SLAT-DRV11, that will connect
to the scsi bus.

Uninet Peripherals, Inc.

Voice: 714-263-4222
Fax: 714-263-4299
[email protected] or uunet!ucivax!zardoz!sales

5.19 Why does an unused serial port consume cpu?

serial port, cpu power usage

Perhaps you've got a (probably fairly long) unshielded serial cable

attached to it, with either nothing at the other end or a powered-off
device at the other end. EE's call this an antenna. It's probably
picking up most of the radio stations in your area, which the serial
chip is interpreting as a continuous stream of garbage bytes, which it
feeds to getty, which tries to interpret them as login attempts.

How do you avoid this problem?

* leave the device at the other end switched on (even when it's not
transmitting, it will assert a voltage that overrides the noise)
* unplug the cable from the next when you're not using it
* use 'kill -STOP' & 'kill -CONT' to stop and resume the getty
process as needed
* buy an adequately shielded serial cable

5.20 How to adjust MegaPixel Display brightness and focus?

brightness, MegaPixel focus, MegaPixel

Adjust it using the following information.

From: Charles William Swiger

I have adjusted several monitors with no problems, but make sure you
know what you are doing before opening anything. I expressly disclaim
responsibility for any ill results that may occur.

In order to adjust NeXT's MegaPixel display (called 'the monitor'

hereafter), you'll need (a) the NeXTtool (or a 3mm Allen wrench), (b)
a plastic adjustment tool (preferred) or a thin bladed screwdriver,
and possibly (c) a Phillips-head screwdriver.

(NB: A similar procedure will work for color monitors, but you should
either know what you're doing or you'll probably be better off letting
a pro deal with it.)

Turn off the computer. Disconnect all cables to the monitor. Look at
the back of the monitor. There will be 4 screws there; use the
NeXTtool (or Allen wrench) to remove them. Remove the plastic back of
the monitor and put it out of your way.

Reconnect the cables and turn the computer back on. As the machine
powers up, examine the back of the monitor. You'll see a metallic box
(usually silver, though some are black) surrounding the monitor's
vitals. This protects you against the dangerous voltages inside, and
also insulates the monitor from electromagnetic noise. On the back of
this box are several holes for performing adjustments. There are two
focus controls (labeled 'focus' and 'dynamic focus'), a brightness
control (labeled 'brightness' or possibly 'black level') and several
others that adjust various things like screen size and position.

Depending on the exact placement of the controls on the circuit board

of your specific monitor, some of these controls may be difficult (or
impossible) to adjust from the back. If this is the case, I will
describe what's necessary below. Otherwise, adjust the appropriate
controls using either an adjustment tool or a screwdriver. Be warned
that a screwdriver probably will cause some interesting video effects
when it enters the case. Ignore this the best you can, or find a
plastic adjustment tool, which is what you *really* should be using
anyway. Using a flashlight will help you see into the hole so that you
can align the business end of the tool correctly.

Focus and position controls are fairly obvious. Adjust them slowly
until you're happy with the results. Don't muck with anything you
don't need to; the factory settings are usually pretty decent.

To correctly adjust the brightness, follow this procedure: Turn the

brightness of the monitor all the way down using the keyboard. Adjust
the brightness control on the back of the monitor until a barely
noticeable picture forms. Then turn the brightness down a little so
this picture disappears completely. Check that you can get adequate
brightness by using the keyboard to brighten the screen. If the
display isn't bright enough, adjust the brightness control on the rear
of the monitor high enough so that the monitor display is adequate.
Note that you won't be able to dim the screen completely from the
keyboard...sorry.
 Once you're finished, shut down the computer, take off the cables,
reattach the back of the monitor, and reconnect the cables. You're
done.

If the control you need to adjust proves to be difficult, you may need
to enter the metal case. This happened on one monitor's focus control
and another's brightness.

WARNING: THE VOLTAGES INSIDE THE MONITOR'S CASE ARE VERY DANGEROUS,
EVEN WHEN THE MONITOR IS OFF. BE VERY CAREFUL, OR YOU CAN SERIOUSLY
INJURE OR EVEN KILL YOURSELF.

DO NOT PERFORM THE NEXT INSTRUCTIONS UNLESS YOU ARE CONFIDENT THAT YOU
KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING. You'll have to power off the computer again,
and disconnect the cables.

Looking at the monitor from the back, notice a section of metallic

shielding on the right side of the metal box that extends to the
picture tube. This is where the flyback transformer is connected. It
shields a wire that is charged to about 25,000 V.

WARNING: DO NOT TOUCH THIS WIRE, IT CAN SHOCK YOU THROUGH ITS
INSULATION.

Being very careful of this, remove the metal case by unscrewing the
Philip's head screws that hold the case on. Don't touch the screws
that hold the picture tube into the front of the monitor's case.

Once you've gotten the metal box off, reconnect the cables. Figure out
what control you're going to adjust, and make sure that you can do so
without touching anything else inside. Again, *watch out* for the wire
that connects to the picture tube on the right side.

Power up the computer. I recommend that you use only one hand to make
the adjustment, and that your other hand be placed in your pocket (or
similar equivalent, if you're wearing clothes lacking pockets). This
precaution reduces the chances that you'll make a short circuit
between one hand, your heart, and the other hand --- a good idea.

Perform the necessary adjustment(s), being very careful not to touch

anything inside. Then shut down and reassemble the monitor, following
the directions given above.

Hopefully, these instructions will prove useful. Once again, please be

very careful...I don't want your death and/or injury on my conscience
(or a lawsuit, for that matter, either :-)

5.21 I want to emulate a macintosh, how?

MacIntosh, emulation emulation, MacIntosh

There is a nice way to run macintosh-software on your original black

hardware.

It works fine with dual-headed cubes and is optimized for the Apple OS
- Version 7.5. To get further information about daydream, please
contact:
 QUIX Computerware AG
011-41-41-440-88-28
9 hour differential
Luzernerstr.10
6030 Ebikon
Switzerland
Next software - 011-41-41-34-86-80
[email protected]

There is another solution, completely in software: 'Executor' from

Ardi does the job, too. (http://www.ardi.com/

5.22 My NeXT laser printer fails to fully eject the sheet - how to fix?

printer, eject, NeXT laser NeXT laser, eject paper Fix it as follows.

If you continually get messages like, "sorry, the printer is jammed"

and you have to pull each page out the last inch, you probably need to
replace the 14 tooth gear in the output stage(fuse ass'y).

You can see this gear before you disassemble the printer, so that is a
good first step. Then read these instructions all the way through and
see if you want to attempt it. Next recommends replacing the entire
fuse ass'y ( big bucks) if the gear is damaged, but Chenesko, Inc., of
Ronkonkoma, NY sells the gears for $2.31. The part number is RS1-0132.
They recommended I also replace the 20 tooth gear, number RS1-0116,
but I don't know if it is really necessary. Their phone number is
800-221-3516.

PartsNow is also selling laserprint replacement parts. Their part

number for the a replacement roller part is RA1-84489-000 000. You
might contact them for further details.

To examine your gear, open the rear (delivery ) door and undo the
screw attaching the strap that keeps the door from opening down all
the way. The gear is on the side nearest the power input to the
printer.

There are two gears on the part of the delivery ass'y that swings
down. The suspect gear engages the top one, but is mounted on the
fixed portion of the fuse. Ours had several teeth missing and/or
damaged. To get the gear off you have to remove the fuse ass'y. To
remove the fuse you must open the printer lid fully, so it is straight
up. To open the lid fully you must remove the case. To remove the case
you must remove the plastic cover on the lid.

Are you getting the idea now? This will be a lot of fun, and take most
of the afternoon. I hope you have a spacious, well-lit area, because
there are a lot of screws, and a lot of them are painted black, so
they are hard to see when you drop them, unless you drop them inside
of the printer, where you might NEVER see them again.

Fortunately, as with all computer equipment, they seem to put lots of

extras in, so just make sure there aren't any where they might do
damage, like short out the mega KILOVOLT corona power supply, or grind
into the REGISTRATION rollers. You do want your printouts to be
straight, don't you?

So, if you're ready, here we go.

* PREPARATION Most mere mortals will want to power down everything

and disconnect the cables, etc. Remove the cartridge and paper
trays, etc.

* REMOVE THE LID COVER open the lid and remove 3 screws. They DO NOT
have any red paint on them.

* REMOVE THE BACK DOOR there is one screw that holds the strap. When
you can swing it clear down, you can squeeze the hinges together
and remove the door.

* REMOVE THE CASE There are maybe seven screws that hold the case
on. Four are right on top. Two are just inside the rear door area.
Two are down inside where you store that green cleaning tool. 4 +
2 + 2 = 7, right? Say, who was the last guy that worked on this
printer anyway?

The case has to be convinced that you really need to remove it,
even when it is loose and all the screws are out.

* REMOVE THE FUSE ASS'Y You will need a PHILLIPS screwdriver for
this, as with the previous steps. But you will need a LONG one
this time. Three of the screws are pretty easy to find. Just study
the lower part of the fuse, as it is screwed onto the bottom case.
Two of the screws are inside. One is under the lid next to the
gears, the other near the green cleaning tool. On the outside, in
back, there is one on each side. One is under the white wires that
connect the fuse to the 10 AMP circuit breaker, which is pretty
near that gear, and close to the power input. Unplug that cable.
Then remove the small black crew that holds the black plastic gear
cover so you will have better access to the last screw. Then you
will have to wrestle the fuse out the back of the printer. Be
careful with it.

* DISASSEMBLE THE FUSE There are several screws and a spring. It's
not too hard to take apart. You can see the gear, so you just have
to take off the covers on that end of the ass'y to get to it. I
should caution you that I had trouble putting them back on,
because they have funny shapes and don't make a lot of sense. Plus
I was tired, so I went home, ate dinner, played with the dog, went
to bed, got up and ate breakfast before I put it back together.
You might want to label some parts, make some drawings, etc. to
reassure yourself that you can put the parts back just like they
were.

* REMOVE THE GEAR You can remove the gear pretty easily with a small
screwdriver by unspringing the "E"-ring that holds it on the
shaft. Try not to bend the e-ring.

* PUT EVERYTHING BACK TOGETHER Sorry, I can't help you with this
part (HA HA!) I told you you should read the instructions first.
Maybe you should buy a new printer, or try to attach some third
party printer via the serial port!
 Well, if you got this far I hope you dropped little crumbs of bread so
you can find your way back. I try to save all the little screws by
putting them back in the holes they came from, or putting them in some
small container. You might clean some of the gears or the paper path
while you have it open. You can also install a new OZONE filter.
Remember OZONE is hazardous to your health, so you don't want to
inhale it.

DISCLAIMER: BE CAREFUL IF YOU TRY THIS PROCEDURE. THERE ARE DANGEROUS

VOLTAGES PRESENT, AND EVEN IF YOU ARE TOO CHICKEN TO WORK ON IT
POWERED UP, YOU COULD CUT YOURSELF, OR DROP THE WHOLE THING ON YOUR
FOOT, THUS VOIDING THE WARRANTY. ALSO, THE PRINTER WON�T WORK WITHOUT
THE COVERS, BECAUSE THERE ARE TWO SECRET SWITCHES THAT INFORM THE NEXT
CPU THAT SOMEONE "IS FOOLING AROUND WITH THE PRINTER AGAIN."

Yet another update to reflect that Jacob Gore received gears for an
Apple Laserwriter from Chenesko, which are similar enough to work, but
with some modification.Also, if the original gear is in fair
condition, it can be reversed on the shaft until a replacement is
ordered.

5.23 What are the NeXT mouse connections?

mouse, connector Read the following instruction.

Thanks to Alvin Austin ([email protected]) I have the information I

need on the NeXT mouse connections.

Pin Function
1 +5v
2 X Encoder Phase A
3 X Encoder Phase B
4 Y Encoder Phase A
5 Y Encoder Phase B
6 Right Button
7 Left Button
8 Ground

5.24 What type of memory may be installed in a NeXT?

References: NeXTanswers' hardware.620, 92_spring_bulletin "Announcing

NeXTstation Turbo and NeXTcube Turbo"

NeXT Computer (68030-25MHz/68040-25MHz),

NeXTcube (68040-25MHz):

Number SIMM slots: 16

SIMM group size: 4
SIMM type: 30-pin low profile>
SIMM access rating: 100 ns
SIMM capacity: 1, 4 MB (1x8/1x9, 4x8/4x9)
Maximum RAM: 64 MB
The low-profile vertically mounted 4 MB SIMMs are easier to install in
the NeXTcube than the horizontally mounted 4 MB SIMMs because of the
small height clearance above the SIMM slots. It is possible to install
the horizontally mounted 4 MB SIMMs, but you will be required to slide
the CPU board and the center tower in simultaneously.

Parity (9-bit) SIMMs can be used in both 68030 and 68040 NeXT
machines, but should not be mixed with non-parity SIMMs. Only 68040
boards with ROM levels of 2.2 (v63) and higher can use the parity
memory to detect parity errors.

It is OK to mix parity and non-parity memory, but the system will not
boot unattended. Cubes with early boot ROMs will not work with 4 Mb
parity ram, unless at least 3 banks are used. The system gives an
exception error on power up. The fix is to get a new boot rom from
Next.

You can pay $30, or you may be able to squawk and get one for free. I
have found Next to be pretty responsive, once I find the right person.

The correct version is v66 which was the last or final rev for this
series of 040 boards. This version also fixed the problem in the
second paragraph.

NeXTdimension boards (i860):

Number SIMM slots: 8

SIMM group size: 4
SIMM type: 72-pin
SIMM access rating: 80 ns
SIMM capacity: 1, 4, 8 MB (256Kx32, 1Mx32, 2Mx32)
Maximum RAM: 64 MB (32 MB official NeXT)

NeXT didn't officially bless the use of 8 MB SIMMs, but they seem to
fit and work.

NeXTstations (68040-25MHz) serial numbers below ABB 002 6300:

Number SIMM slots: 8

SIMM group size: 4
SIMM type: 30-pin
SIMM access rating: 100 ns
SIMM capacity: 1, 4 MB (1x8/1x9, 4x8/4x9)
Maximum RAM: 32 MB

Faster SIMMS (70/80 ns) don't make the memory system work any faster
than the 100 ns units.

NeXTstation Color (68040-25MHz):

 Number SIMM slots: 8
SIMM group size: 2
SIMM type: 72-pin
SIMM access rating: 80 ns5
SIMM capacity: 1, 4 MB (256Kx32/256Kx36, 1Mx32/1Mx36)
Maximum RAM: 32 MB

NeXTcube Turbo (68040-33MHz),

NeXTstation Turbo (68040-33MHz),
NeXTstation Color Turbo (68040-33MHz),
NeXTstations (68040-25MHz) serial numbers above ABB 002 6300:

Number SIMM slots: 4

SIMM group size: 2
SIMM type: 72-pin
SIMM access rating: 70/100 ns
SIMM capacity: 1, 4 ,8, 16, 32 MB (256Kx32/256Kx36,
1Mx32/1Mx36)
Maximum RAM: 128 MB

For maximum performance use 70 ns SIMMs: SIMMs rated at 80 or 100 ns

will be detected upon powerup and the memory system clock slowed to
100 ns. Faster RAM than 70 ns won't give you a speed increase anymore.
In fact it could slow things down again, because some hardware drives
60 ns RAM as 100 ns RAM.

NeXT manufacturing introduced the new 25 MHz NeXTstation CPU board

into production in late June '92. To verify which SIMM type your
machine uses, check the system's memory configuration. You can do this
by using the ROM monitor�s print memory configuration command m. Start
with your machine powered down. Press the Power key to power on. As
soon as the message �Testing system...� disappears, press
command-command-tilde ( on the numeric keyboard). Under these
circumstances, this will access the ROM monitor. In the ROM monitor,
type m and press return. Turbo-designed boards�including new 25 MHz
NeXTstations and all Turbo systems�will return messages reporting the
memory configuration contained in four sockets (sockets 0 -3); old 25
MHz boards will return messages for more than four sockets (usually
8). You can tell a Turbo-designed board, and the accompanying 72 pin,
70 nanosecond SIMMs, by the fact it only reports information for only
four sockets.

The memory system has programmable memory timing such that the number
of processor clocks needed to access a given amount of data can be
tailored to the speed of the memory installed. 70 ns memory is just
enough faster than 80 ns memory to allow the cpu to access the data
with fewer clock cycles. This improves memory system performance.

"70 ns" memory is faster than "80 ns" memory in many parameters other
than just RAS access time. The faster CAS access time in particular
allows the memory system to respond quicker to burst (16 bytes) bus
transfers.

5.25 What is the NeXT SIMM tool?

SIMM Tool The tool came with 68040 upgrade kits for NeXTcubes.
 It really makes removing SIMMs easy. It looks like a dental tool:
about six inches long with a 1/2" long head offset at 90 degrees. To
remove SIMMs, you slip the head into the hole on one side of the SIMM,
rest the head on the SIMM socket next to the SIMM you are pulling, and
pivot the tool back, using the simple fulcrum to gently pry the SIMM
up about 1/8" from the socket on that side. Repeat on the other side,
and the SIMM can be then removed by hand.

5.26 Where can I purchase a NeXT machine?

Purchase, NeXT NeXT, purchase

NeXT discontinued manufacturing hardware in Feb, 1993. Used systems

are often advertised in comp.sys.next.marketplace.

5.27 Where to obtain hardware service?

service, hardware hardware, service

Hardware service can be obtained through the following firms:

USA hardware service has been purchased by Bell Atlantic. They will be
supporting the Authorized Service Centers and are selling extended
warranty contracts.

Decision One
Voice: 800 499 6398, or 800 848 NeXT
Fax: 510 732 3078

For Europe, please contact:

SORBUS
40549 Duesseldorf
Willstaetter Strasze 13

5.28 What types of NeXT machines were manufactured?

NeXT, types of cube section

There are two packages: a cube, and a station.

* NeXTcube systems:
+ 68030-25 2-bit grayscale (NeXT Computer)
+ 68040-25 2-bit grayscale (NeXTcube)
+ 68040-33 2-bit grayscale (NeXTcube Turbo)
+ NeXTdimension board adds 32-bit color (i860) to any of above
systems

Cube systems can use any of the boards. With hacks, multiple
independent CPU boards can run in one cube.
 NeXT Computer systems have room for 2 full-height 5.25" internal
devices with a wide slot for an Optical Disk drive(s) in either
position.

NeXTcube systems also have room for 2 full-height 5.25" internal

devices with a wide slot for an Optical Disk drive in the lower
position, but have additional mounting holes for 1/2-height
devices, and have a floppy slot at the top position.

* NeXTstation systems:
+ 68040-25 2-bit grayscale (NeXTstation)
+ 68040-33 2-bit grayscale (NeXTstation Turbo)
+ 68040-25 16-bit color (NeXTstation Color)
+ 68040-33 16-bit color (NeXTstation Color Turbo)
NeXTstation systems have room for two 1/2-height 3.5" devices, with a
floppy slot at the side.

5.29 What can be done about older 030 NeXT cubes that have a fan that turns in
the "wrong" direction?

fan, running wrong

The fan on older 030 NeXTs cubes sucks air out of the back of the cube
which means that it draws unfiltered air in through the optical disk
on the front of the cube. This causes optical disks to succumb to dust
must sooner than cubes with the new-style fan which turns in the
opposite direction.

NeXT has apparently reversed their decision regarding fan reversal in

the case of machines that have been upgraded to 040 processor boards.
It is now considered okay to reverse the direction of fans in these
machines. If you have many third-party cards installed in your cube or
an older processor board, you may wish to consider not reversing fan
direction (overheating could become a problem). In any case, do not
reverse the fan's polarity, only reverse the fan assembly itself.

Perhaps the best solution is obtain the cleaning kit and OD filter
from NeXT.

5.30 Can I connect SONY MPX-111N to my 68030 NeXT Computer?

SONY MPX-111N

The SONY MPX-111N internal 2.88 MB floppy drive which was shipped with
all the 68040 NeXT machines is not a SCSI device, therefore there is
no way of connecting that particular drive internally on a 68030
system.

5.31 Why does the OD continually spin up and spin down?

OD, spinning

A big problem with the Canon optical drives is that air flows through
the drive to cool it. Dust accumulates inside the drive causing it to
fail with the continuous spin-up spin-down syndrome. NeXT as part of
it's 040 upgrades provided a dust filter to prevent this. If your
drive has this problem it usually can be fixed simply by cleaning out
 dust from the drive. NeXT sold a cleaning kit for both the drives and
the optical disks.

5.32 How many colors can NeXT machines display?

NeXT, colors

The monochrome machines can display 4 gray levels. You can use color
apps on a monochrome machine, they will converted into monochrome
images and dithered accordingly.

Color NeXTstations can combine 4 bits of red, green and blue primaries
for a total of 4096 pure colors. The imaging functions dither the
image to produce intermediate colors.

NeXTdimension can combine 8 bits of red, green and blue for

16,777,216. There are not 16 million points on the display so all can
not be displayed at once. Further display technology limits the usable
color space.

None of the NeXT products support color look up tables where the user
can define their own color palette on a per window basis. This feature
is useful for displaying images which have adaptive lookup tables, and
display pure grayscale images on the color NeXTstation. On the
NeXTdimension images can be converted to full 24 bit representation.

5.33 Why is my machine so slow when I run the monochrome and NeXTdimension
displays?

speed, display display, speed drops

There is a bug with the window system in which if you select the
monochrome display as your primary display the server will be much
much slower. The solution for those wishing to use both displays is to
select the color (NeXTdimension) display as the primary display. The
most optimal configuration at present with the NeXTdimension is to run
only the color display.

5.34 Where to obtain replacement mouse parts?

mouse, parts

From: [email protected]

For those who have need of a new button in their mouse, and don't want
to pay for the whole mouse when it is only the button that has gone
bad, we have recently discovered a satisfactory replacement for the
Omron switch. It is in the Digikey catalog, # 931, Jan-Feb 1993, page
141, under Cherry switches D4, DG, and DH series. Digikey part #
CH164-ND, Cherry part # DG1C-B1AA. We ordered one of these, and just
received it today. Tried it out, and it seems to be working flawlessly
so far.

It is also possible to replace mouse buttons from a two button mouse

with mouse buttons of the three button mice.

5.35 Where to obtain extra batteries?

battery, purchase purchase, battery

 Battery part number: BR 2/3A 3V Lithium Battery (Panasonic)
Source: Engineered Assemblies & Components Corporation

5204 Green's Dairy Road

Raleigh, NC 27604
Phone: 919-790-9700 (ask for Debra)

5.36 How to convert a Turbo system to use ADB?

ADB, turbo system

If ADB equipment are used with older NeXT systems they won't work
properly. Here are the ADB requirements:

* A Turbo computer.
* CPU eprom version 74.
* New revision computer to soundbox/monitor cable.

The part number is molded at both ends of the connector:

Cable NEW OLD (Non ADB)

NeXTcube 4534 150

NeXTstation 4535 1532
NeXTstation color 4536 2286

* New revision monitor which uses a vertical scan rate of 72hz

instead of 68hz, except on NeXTdimension systems color monitor
stays 68hz.

Monitor NEW (72hz) OLD (68hz)

17" mono ACX (N4000b) AAA (N4000a \& N4000)

17" color ADF (N4006) ABG (N4001)
21" color ADB (N4005a) ABH (N4005)

* ADB soundbox for color systems. S/N prefix ADD instead of ABN.

5.37 68030 board in the same NeXTcube as a 68040 board?

DISCLAIMER: THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURE IS NOT SUPPORTED BY NEXT, INC.

AND WILL DEFINITELY VOID THE WARRANTY ON YOUR NEXT COMPUTER. FOLLOW IT
AT YOUR OWN RISK. I DISCLAIM ALL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DAMAGES CAUSED
BY NEGLIGENCE IN FOLLOWING THE PROCEDURE. THERE IS NO GUARANTEE THAT
THE PROCEDURE WILL WORK ON ALL VERSIONS(?) OF THE NEXT CUBE HARDWARE.
ALL I KNOW IS THAT IT WORKED ON THE NEXT CUBE I WAS WORKING ON!!!! SO
BEWARE.
Here we go! I'll first provide a description of the hardware I was
using and comment on what I accomplished and how I got the information
on how to do it!

The hardware included a NeXT cube with 660 MB drive, OD, etc., a 68040
upgrade board, and a 68030 motherboard. I successfully installed both
the 68040 and 68030 boards on a SINGLE NeXT cube and linked them
together through their ethernet ports. The 68040 was configured as a
boot server and the 68030 was used as its client (booting off the
network for lack of an additional hard drive).

The procedure reconfigures slot #2 on the cube's back-plane as slot

#0. This provides two slots configured as #0, required for booting the
two motherboards. Once I determined what the slot pin-outs were
(thanks to my good friend John Chmielewski), it was a matter of time
before the two boards happily co-existed.

The procedure:

1. First, follow the procedure on the NeXT User's Reference manual

for removing the system board (Appendix C: Opening the Cube, page
291 of the 2.0 manual).

2. Using the NeXT supplied screwdriver, remove the two screws that
attach the power-supply housing to the cube (the screws are
located on the lower part of the housing) and gently pull the
housing out. Set it aside in a safe place (away from kids and
nosey friends!)

3. Remove the two plastic grooved plates (used to slide the system
boards in) at each side of the inside bottom of the cube. (For
each plate, lift the side closest to the rear opening and gently
pull them out). Set them aside.

4. Using the NeXT tool, remove three screws holding the back-plane to
the cube and then take the back-plane out of the cube. Let the
cube rest for a while.

Inspect the back-plane. You will see five bus slots (four vertical
and one horizontal). The horizontal slot connects the back-plane
to the power supply housing. We're only interested in the four
vertical slots. From the factory these slots are configured as 6,
2, 0, and 4 (starting from the left and going right with the
horizontal slot at the bottom).

The system board connects to slot #0 (which you've probably

noticed). Each slot contains three columns of 32 pins. Following
is an ASCII representation of one of the slots:

x y z C B A
o-o o 32 . . .
o-o o 31 . . .
o-o o 30 . . .
o-o o 29 . . .
28 . . .
.
.
 .
3 . . .
2 . . .
1 . . .

...where x, y, and z are labeled GND, SID, and VCC, respectively.

The GND, SID, and VCC "holes" are used to configure the slot
number using simple binary encoding, where GND is logical zero,
VCC is logical one, and SID (for Slot-ID I guess) determines the
current bit state (one or zero).

Notice the four rows of GND, SID, VCC triads; each row is
equivalent to one bit position in the slot number, the bottom row
bit position 0, the top row bit position 3. This gives a total of
four bit positions, or 16 possible slot numbers. To encode a slot
number, you need to connect an SID row to its corresponding GND or
VCC row. For example, the diagram below shows the configuration of
the slots in my cube's back-plane (you'll have to look very
closely to see the actual connections):

SLOT 6 SLOT 2 SLOT 0 SLOT 4

BIT 3: o-o o o-o o o-o o o-o o
BIT 2: o o-o o-o o o-o o o o-o
BIT 1: o o-o * o o-o * o-o o o-o o
BIT 0: o-o o o-o o o-o o o-o o

5. To reconfigure slot 2 as slot 0, cut the trace between SID and VCC
for bit position 1 (see * o o-o * above) and connect SID to GND on
the same row. I used the SIMM removal tool supplied by NeXT in the
040 upgrade (talk about multi-purpose) to cut the trace! Very
gently, scrape the solder off between the two holes. Take a
paperclip, shape it to fit between the holes in SID and GND, and
trim it down to an even 1/4 inch (perfect fit)!

That's all there is to it. If for some reason you ever want to
revert to slot 2, just remove the paperclip from GND-SID and
reconnect it to SID-VCC.

6. Now put the cube back together. First, re-install the back-plane
using its three connecting screws, then snap on the plastic
plates, and finally insert the power-supply housing and secure
with its two screws.

At this point the cube is ready to take on the two system boards
(it is up to you to determine where/how you want to use the two
boards; I'll explain how I used mine) ...

7. I installed the 68040 in the original slot 0 and the 68030 in the
reconfigured slot 0 (previously slot 2). The 68040 was used as the
main processor board. I connected the 660 MB drive, the OD, and
the monitor to it.

NOTE: Before beginning the procedure, I went into the NeXT Monitor
on the 68030 and disabled the Sound out, SCSI tests and verbose
 test mode and enabled serial port A as a console terminal. I also
made "en" the default boot device. I setup the 68040 as a boot
server and taught it about the 68030 (which took some time in
getting it setup properly).

8. I connected the 68040 to the 68030 using a thin-ethernet cable and

I booted. First thing I noticed was that the 030 timed-out a
couple of times waiting for the 040 to tell it to boot. But after
the 040 was up, the 030 booted nicely.

That's all folks. Hope all this made some sense and people find it
useful.

Comments:
* To power off the cube, I have to first shutdown the 030 (I run
"halt -p" as root from a telnet connection and wait for the 030 to
go down), and I then power-down the 040. If you shut down the 040
before the 030, you'll have to pull the power plug to turn the
machine off. The cube will not power off if either of the two
boards is providing a load to the power-supply.

* Remember, I've only performed this procedure on one system. I do

not know what will happen on your system. So make sure you plan
ahead what your going to do and that you understand the procedure.

* I don't know what problems may arise when you add a board that
uses the NeXTbus, such as the NeXTdimension, or how it will
behave. If someone is courageous enough to perform the procedure
and installs another board, please post your results to the net.

Update:

To clear up some misunderstandings with the settings in the "p"

command of the NeXT monitor (these settings are only required for the
system board that doesn't have the NeXT display monitor connected):

1. Sound out test must be "no"; the boot process will not proceed if
the monitor isn't connected to the board and this is set to "yes"
(the sound out tests will fail, aborting the boot procedure).

2. SCSI tests should be "no" if you don't have SCSI devices attached
to the board (SCSI tests will fail otherwise, aborting the boot
procedure).

3. Verbose test mode must be "no" for booting from the network. If
set to "yes", the boot process will timeout waiting for a BOOTP
and you'll be left in the monitor with no means of restarting the
board (except pulling the power plug)!

This is probably true also for booting from an OD that hasn't been
inserted (assuming the OD was attached to the board).

4. Allow serial port A as alternate console if you want to view the

boot process (for problems and peace-of-mind).
 5. Other settings were not modified from their factory defaults or
had no effect on the procedure.

There is also a way in using 2 boards plus NeXTDimension board in one

Cube.

I've run my "screw with the backplane trick" cube with :

| <empty> | 32MB-ND | | 64MB-040 | 40MB-030 |

without any problems. Using the od got the system warm, but never had
a problem. The cool part was having the printer on the 030. One day I
tried to dump an 040 into the 030 position, but I couldn't get it to
boot. I played for a couple minutes, but put the 030 back in and went
on with life...

5.38 How to expand DSP memory?

memory, DSP DSP, memory

The Speech Recognition Lab at San Francisco State University has

developed a DSP memory expansion board for the NeXT computer that
provides the maximum memory supported by the DSP56001 processor. We
are now offering this board to those whose are interested in
high-performance custom DSP development.

* The board is a 576KB DSP expansion memory board organized as three

non-overlapping 192KB banks: X-data, Y-data and Program. The board
uses relatively fast (
* The board is a high-quality, 4-layer board, open-circuit tested
prior to assembly. It fits into the DSP memory daughterboard slot
on all NeXT machines.

* The price will be $600. Please let us know if you are interested.
Delivery will be in about 3-4 weeks.

* Contact Tom Holton ([email protected]). E-mail is preferred. The

address is:

Tom Holton
Division of Engineering
San Francisco State University
1600 Holloway Avenue
San Francisco, CA 94132
415 338 1529 (phone)
415 338 0525 (fax)

NOTE: Because we've organized our memory as three separate

(non-overlapping) banks (X, Y and P) of 192KB apiece, none of the
DSP memory image functionality provided by NeXT with its existing
8K base configuration, or its 96KB DSP expansion module is
supported. While we cannot guarantee that every existing DSP
 application ever written will be plug-and-play compatible with our
DSP expansion memory, we are not aware of any existing
applications that use the image functionality. The MusicKit, and
demo programs that use the DSP, such as Mandlebrot and
ScorePlayer, work fine with our memory module.

5.39 How to boot a NeXT without a monitor?

The procedure is to just touch pins 6 and GND on the DB-19 NeXT
monitor out with a 470 Ohm resistor (450 is the actual resistance, but
470 ohms is more commonly found in resistors). Pin 6 is the power
sense, and pins 13-19 (and the DB shell) are the GND. Just say "pin
19", it may be easier.

There's a pinout diagram of the DB-19 in the NeXT Users Reference

Manual.

If you have an old Cube, the power supply needs to have more power
drawn from it than an 030 (and 040?) board uses to stay on. So: On the
DB-19, attach a Power Resistor (20 Ohm, at least 20 Watt) between pins
12 and GND. (Pin 12 is -12V, pin 13 works well for GND). Then just
"touch" the 470 ohm resistor as described above, and you're set. The
20 Ohm resistor draws an old 030 running without monitor in an old
CUBE), but it isn't necessary - just don't touch it (*HOT!* ;-)

To power off, type "halt -p" as root on the machine (either through a
terminal connected to port A, or over the ethernet connection).

Also, you have to have the Rom Monitor settings done correctly. The
important ones are:

Wait until keypress? N

Sound out tests? N
Port A as alternate Console? Y (if you have one, it's nice)
Verbose mode? N (I think this may need to be N to work, don't r
emember).

5.40 Where can I get black spray paint for my NeXT?

Black, spray paint paint, black spray You can get black spray from the
following address.

Sprayon Paint
Omni-Packblend
4Next-Black (icon black)
LAV-16
25216

Call 1-800-777-2966 for the name of a dealer near you.

5.41 What makes aged NeXT monitors dim?

 monitor, dim

The cause of the dimming monitors is the CRT cathode wearing out. The
most common type of CRT (and the type used in most NeXT monochrome
monitors and all of the NeXT color monitors) uses what is called an
oxide cathode. A thin coating of oxide is deposited on the cathode to
allow the electronics which form the picture to get off the cathode
easily. The oxide gradually boils off the cathode itself, and when the
oxide is gone, the CRT goes dim.

Typically, the oxide will last from 10,000 to 20,000 power on hours
(screen savers don't help the cathode, they only prevent phosphor
aging). Unfortunately, the black monochrome monitors fall into the
short end of the life range thanks to Toshiba who made the CRT's. The
aging is more noticeable in Unix machines because they tend to be left
on. Note that there are about 8,000 hours in a year. If you leave your
monitor on all the time, all oxide type CRTs will be dim in three
years.

The other type of CRT cathode is the I-cathode or dispenser type. This
type of cathode is porous and continually brings new activation
material to the surface. Its lifetime is 40,000 hours or more. The
last of the NeXT monochrome monitors (N4000B) used this type of CRT
and they don't go dim. There aren't many of that type around because
NeXT quit the hardware business after producing only a few thousand.
If you can get an N4000B monitor, you won't ever have to worry about a
dim monitor.

Many manufacturers are going to dispenser cathode type CRTs in their

monitors with Panasonic leading the way. The best advice is to turn
off the monitor when not in use. If that is impractical, try to
purchase one with the long life cathode.

Spherical Solutions ([email protected]) has a supply of new N4000B long life

monitors for sale in either ADB or non-ADB configurations. If you need
to repair or replace a monochrome monitor, that is by far the best
type to use.

If you read this far, you probably know more than you ever wanted to
about CRT aging, but I hope this helps.

5.42 How to use two internal hard drives

drives, two internal

It is possible to fit a second internal hard drive in a NeXT slab, in

addition to the floppy drive and the first hard drive. The second
drive must be third height, or 1 inch high. There is no room for a
half height device. Buy a bracket or make one out

of sheet metal for the 1 inch high drive. On 25 MHz mono stations the
SIMMs are smaller and the drive doesn't have to go all the way against
the back wall. In this case, glue the bracket to the underside of the
NextStation cover, centered from side t

o side and as far to the back as possible. This is sufficient. On 25

MHz colorstations, however, one must file away a bit of the interior
metal on the cover in order to glue the bracket fully to the rear of
 the cover. Once this modification is done, th

e drive will clear the RAM when the cover is closed. Screw the drive
into the bracket, with the power and SCSI plugs toward the right hand
side of the NextStation so that the cables will reach. Go to your
favorite computer store and get both a "dual int

ernal SCSI bus cable" and a "dual internal SCSI power cable." Plug in
the cables to both internal hard drives and close the cover.

This was verified on both a 25 MHz mono and a 25 MHz color

NextStation. No power or heating problems occurred.

6 WHITE (INTEL) HARDWARE

6.1 What about support for NeXT Computer specific hardware features such as the
DSP?

support, specific DSP, support support, DSP NeXT computers offer

additional hardware support not commonly available for Intel systems.
This includes the DSP. The DSP in a NeXT Computer is used for a
variety of functions including ISDN support and real-time audio
compression/de-compression. ISDN support for NEXTSTEP/Intel will be
provided via an add-on PC card and ISDN adapter.

Although the DSP programming feature is missing for NS3.3 on Intel, it

is not necessary. The important SoundKit functions are rewritten to
emulate an DSP on Intel, but this costs a lot of CPU time.

6.2 Do Multi-Architecture Binaries take a lot of extra disk space?

MAB, disk space multi application binary, MAB

The concept of NEXTSTEP binaries is different to other platforms. On

NEXTSTEP only the real program is compiled and linked in a hardware
specific manner. E.g. the GUI and the multilanguage support are usable
on any platform running NEXTSTEP and will do so

under OPENSTEP. Therefore the real binary part is sometimes really

small.

Anyway it might be a good choice to thin such a fat binary. NeXT ships
tools for this purpose. Look at the manpages for lipo.

If an application wasn't installed using the standard NeXT tool

Installer, it might also be a good choice to look into the application
drawer and delete other languages supported but not used by the
application. This additional data is found in the

different *.lproj subdirectories in the application's folder. To get

there, activate the application's icon and select Open as directory
from the Workspace's File menu item.

6.3 How difficult is it to recompile existing NeXT applications over to

NEXTSTEP/Intel?

compile, re

Very easy. Most programs will simply recompile and run, or require few
 changes. We believe that any application that uses the standard
development environment and Object kits provided by NeXT should simply
compile and run. Only applications that use architecture specific
features or data formats, will require additional time to port.
Several developers have already ported applications to NEXTSTEP/Intel.
Appsoft Draw simply recompiled and ran, Lighthouse Concurrence took 3
hours, other programs took 1/2 a day to 2 days, and this was all on a
very early release of NEXTSTEP/Intel 3.1!

Some applications just will refuse to compile, because they are still
based on the old 2.0 headers etc. These applications are really rare
now and may get ported very easily too, by changing the include path
in your developer package.

Other applications require additional header files and libraries to

properly compile and link. These applications are mostly based on the
MiscKit or MusicKit and other PD-Kits. You need to install these Kits
first to compile these programs.

With the shipping of OpenStep this might change, because it will be

possible to produce shared libraries with the NeXT Developer package.
This will enable you to not install the complete Kit, but only the
shared library and will also reduce your binary no

ticeable.

6.4 When developing programs, are there any portability issues I should be
aware of?

portability Yes. As stated above, any applications that use the

standard tools provided by the NEXTSTEP development environment,
should just recompile and work. To make sure developers are aware of
portability issues, NeXT is producing a guide to address source code
portability between different architectures running NEXTSTEP. This
guide is available in the online documentation to the NeXT Developer
package.

6.5 What is the difference between the NEXTSTEP/Intel User Environment and
Developer Environment?

user vs. developer developer vs. user The NEXTSTEP/Intel User

Environment consists of the entire NEXTSTEP 3.3 environment, minus the
developer tools. The Developer Environment includes the developer
tools such Interface builder, Project Builder, C compilers, Object
Kits, example source code and developer documentation.

Although it is possible to just get the latest GNU C compiler as a

binary, you can not use it! This is because you won't get the standard
libraries needed to produce NeXT applications neither the header
files. Also it there is currently no third party com

piler shipping. If you want to compile, you are forced to use the NeXT
Developer package.

The status of compiling a standard UNIX utility without NeXT's headers

and just based on the supplied shared libraries is unknown.

6.6 If a specific I/O card is not supported by NeXT, can 3rd parties write
drivers for NEXTSTEP/Intel?
 I/O driver Yes. NEXTSTEP/Intel uses a newly developed object-oriented
driver architecture that brings the benefits of object-orientation all
the way down to the I/O card driver level.

6.7 How is NEXTSTEP/Intel installed?

installation, Intel

NEXTSTEP/Intel will come with a boot floppy and a CDROM. To install

NEXTSTEP/Intel, the system boots from the floppy, and then installs
the minimum NEXTSTEP environment from the CDROM (SCSI CDROM drive).
The user may then chose from several optional packages depending on
the available disk space and user requirements.

6.8 Will NEXTSTEP/Intel run on 386 machines?

386 Intel 386 No. NEXTSTEP/Intel uses several 486 specific features
that enhance the performance of NEXTSTEP. NEXTSTEP/Intel will support
any 486 with Coprocessor and up.

6.9 Will NEXTSTEP/Intel run on the Cyrix 486SLC?

486SLC, Cyrix Cyrix, 486SLC

NeXT states: No. The Cyrix chip not a true 486.

several other users state: Yes. Slow performance, though.

6.10 Will NEXTSTEP/Intel run on the future Intel Microprocessors in the x86
family?

x86 Intel, x86 Yes. NEXTSTEP/Intel will not only support them, but
will take advantage of any performance enhancements available with
future Intel CPU's, just as NeXT has taken advantage of the 486.

6.11 Will NEXTSTEP/Intel run on portable computers?

portable computers

Yes. Many portables and notebooks with 486 CPU's and sufficient system
resources (>=8MB RAM and >=120MB hard disk space) are available. Since
NEXTSTEP/Intel will support 640x480 VGA displays in grayscale,
NEXTSTEP 486 can run on these systems. Do be aware that NEXTSTEP's
user interface and applications were not designed for low-resolution
screens, and consequently will impose limitations on the use of some
applications.

6.12 Will NEXTSTEP/Intel be able to run MS-DOS and Windows programs?

MS-DOS Windows MS-Windows

Yes. NEXTSTEP/Intel will support a DOS and Windows compatibility

package. This software will allow DOS 5.0 and Windows 3.1 programs to
run within a NEXTSTEP window. Support will include DOS "Protected"
mode and Windows 3.1.

This package is called SoftPC and comes with every NEXTSTEP system.
The software is not free with NEXTSTEP, you have to pay extra. Anyway
you are not limited in a 30 day test phase when installing it.
 Windows 95 and Windows NT are not supported by the emulation software.

6.13 How will my DOS and Windows applications perform under NEXTSTEP/Intel?

MS-DOS, performance Windows, performance MS-Windows, performance

Very well. The DOS/Windows compatibility package for NEXTSTEP/Intel

takes full advantage of the 486 microprocessor. Depending on system
hardware configuration and type of DOS/Windows application,
performance should vary between 386 and 486 native DOS/Windows
performance on Pentium systems. In addition, to enhance the
performance of Windows applications, a MS Windows specific Graphics
Device Interface (GDI) driver which maps Microsoft Windows calls
directly to the NEXTSTEP window server is part of the system.

6.14 Is the window I use to run Microsoft Windows applications resizable?

Windows, size MS-Windwos, size

Yes. You can set the Windows session to any size you wish up to the
maximum screen size available to the NEXTSTEP/Intel system you are
using.

6.15 Will this DOS/Windows compatibility system allow me to run several DOS
programs at once?

MS-DOS, multitasking

Yes. Since NEXTSTEP/Intel is a multi-tasking, virtual memory operating

environment, several DOS/Windows sessions can be run at once.

Hey, did I say Windows? Yes you can do real Windows multitasking with
SoftPC.

6.16 Can I cut and paste between DOS/Windows sessions and NEXTSTEP
applications?

cut&paste, Windows cut&paste, MS-DOS cut&paste, MS-Windows

Yes. You can cut and paste text and graphics between DOS/Windows and
NEXTSTEP applications.

6.17 Can I use both DOS and NEXTSTEP/Intel partitions on the same hard disk?

partitions, NeXT and DOS multi OS setup OS, more than one

Yes. NEXTSTEP/Intel will support multiple operating systems on the

same local hard disk. When the system boots, the user can chose to
boot another operating system (such as DOS) or NEXTSTEP. If the local
partition contains DOS, NEXTSTEP/Intel will be able to access the
local DOS partition and read/write files to it, with the restriction
on primary partitions only.

Executive Summary: It is possible to install DOS, Windows NT with

NTFS, and NEXTSTEP/Intel on the same disk, and select which partition
is booted at boot time.
I spent some time experimenting with a 200MB SCSI disk. I wanted to
see if the following configuration would be possible:

Partition 1 Primary DOS

Partition 2 Extended DOS
Partition 3 Windows NT NTFS
Partition 4 NS/Intel 3.2

Since Windows NT requires at least 70MB for installation, and NS/Intel

requires at least 120MB, there wasn't much room for DOS! Ultimately, I
only tested a three partition system (DOS, NTFS, NS/Intel), but I have
no reason to believe that the extended DOS wouldn't also work.

The recipe is as follows:

* Preparation. You need a bootable DOS floppy that has FORMAT.COM on

it. You need another (blank) floppy for installing NT.

* Start with the NS/Intel installation. When it asks you how you
want to configure your disk, it gives you three choices, which are
basically
1. erase the whole disk and use it all for NS/Intel,
2. save some room for DOS,
3. advanced. Choose the advanced option, which places you in
NS/Intel fdisk (not to be confused with DOS FDISK.EXE).
* Create three partitions in this order:
1. Primary DOS (if more than 32MB desired, use the "large" FAT
option)
2. HPFS (this is a placeholder for NT, and can be any non-DOS
format)
3. NEXTSTEP
* Proceed with the rest of the NEXTSTEP installation.

* When NEXTSTEP is safely installed and tested out, boot DOS from
your bootable DOS floppy.

* FORMAT the DOS partition (which should be Drive C if you made it

the first partition). You want to FORMAT C:/S, to install the boot
code to make the DOS partition bootable.

* Once DOS is safely formatted and tested out, insert the NT

installation floppy and reboot.
* Proceed with the NT installation. Tell Setup to install NT in the
second partition (which shows up as "Unformatted"). You can select
NTFS for FAT format.

* Insert the blank floppy when asked. Don't bother to format it, NT
unconditionally formats it.

* If you select NTFS, there is a scary part of the installation that

makes it seem like NT can't reboot. In fact, it is converting the
installed files from FAT to NTFS in place. Just let it keep
rebooting until it finishes, don't interrupt it like I did.

* Finish setting up NT and test it out. It should be able to see the

DOS partition in FileManager.
 * Likewise, there should be a DOS filesystem in / on NS/Intel. If
you configured NT for FAT instead of NTFS, there should be two DOS
filesystems in /.

That's it. When you boot, you see the familiar NS/Intel boot manager.
If you select DOS, it boots NT, which in turn offers you a chance to
boot DOS or NT (not NS/Intel, of course). Kind of weird that you have
this two tiered boot, but it's probably because the bootsector has
been modified by NT. I haven't tried setting the active partition to
DOS -- that might avoid the two tiers.

6.18 Can NEXTSTEP/Intel read, write, and format DOS and Mac floppies?

MacIntosh, r/w floppy MS-DOS, r/w floppy Yes.

6.19 NEXTSTEP/Intel 3.1, DOS, Linux/NT multi-boot system?

multi OS boot Linux MS-DOS OS/2 boot manager dual boot

The OS/2 boot manager does this nicely.

NOTES ON INSTALLING DOS, OS/2 AND NEXTSTEP FOR DUAL BOOT

* Boot OS/2 from diskette and press Escape to get to the [A:]
command prompt

* Run the OS/2 FDISK program and create the following partitions:
+ 1 MB Boot Manager
+ 20MB DOS Primary partition (drive C:)
+ 64MB OS/2 Extended partition (logical drive D:)
+ 120MB Data Extended partition (logical drive E:) (or 200MB or
whatever size)
NOTE: LEAVE THE REMAINING 460+MB FREE SPACE UNFORMATTED DO NOT CREATE
A PARTITION FOR THE REMAINING SPACE

* Re-boot the machine and boot DOS from diskette.

* Format drive C: and install DOS on drive C: with the following

command: format c: /s /u

* Now Re-boot the machine with the OS/2 Installation diskette.

* Install OS/2 on Drive D: (the 64 MB logical partition) You will be

prompted to install OS/2 on the default drive C: You will need to
select the option to change the drive which will throw you into
FDISK. Just make drive D: installable and proceed.

* After OS/2 has been installed shutdown the system. Do a cold power
off boot.

* Cold boot the machine with the NEXTSTEP boot diskette.

* Proceed with normal NEXTSTEP install and you should get the
following disk installation option screen:
 Type 1 to erase the entire disk and use all 667 MB ...
Type 2 to set aside some space for DOS and use the rest ...
Type 3 to keep existing partitions and use the 462 MB free space ...
Type 4 to use the 184 MB DOS extended partition for NEXTSTEP.
Type 5 for advanced options (in English only).

--->

Choose option number 3 and proceed with the NEXTSTEP install

* After NEXTSTEP has been installed, re-boot the machine and select
'd' from the NEXTSTEP boot manager menu to boot DOS.

* When DOS has booted, run the FDISK program to set the active
partition to the first partition, the BOOT Manager partition. Then
exit fdisk.

* Now run the DOS FDISK program again but with the following
parameter: fdisk /mbr This command removes the NEXTSTEP boot
manager from the DOS partition.

* Now re-boot the machine and the boot manager should come up.
Select OS/2

* Once OS/2 has booted, run the OS/2 FDISK program and name the
NEXTSTEP partition and add it to the boot manager menu.

* You should now have a machine with DOS, NEXTSTEP, OS/2 listed in
the boot manager menu when the machine starts up. The boot manager
defaults to the OS that was last booted.

6.20 NeXTSTEP on INTEL, KEYBOARD-ERROR ...

keyboard error, Intel

We installed NeXTSTEP for Intel on a P5-Board using an Adaptec A1540

SCSI-Controller. The System boots correctly. After running the kernel
the keyboard is without any function. We can't use it anymore.
Rebooting doesn't eliminate the error (advise from I-Guide).

Well, it seems that the PS/2 Mouse driver interferes with the keyboard
driver when installing on some motherboards. You have to remove the
PS/2 mouse driver, then reboot, and it will work fine. I destroy the
driver on our machines, so that config=Default will work properly as
well. You should be able to remove the driver without reinstalling.

6.21 NS 3.2 Tseng ET4000 Video Driver doesn't work.

ET4000, NS3.2

TSENG Cards often have different DACs and BIOS-Versions. It is

important, that the graphics card do have the original BIOS from TSENG
Laps. Otherwise, it is not possible to run NS with the 1024 x 768
resolution.
6.22 Accessing ROM monitor on Intel-System, how?

ROM-Monitor, Intel On Intel you just type -s at the boot: prompt. Also
try CTRL-C at the point where it hangs it might continue. This gives
you single user mode. There simply is no ROM-Monitor on Intel as it is
on NeXT. You do have the choice to enter a simple ROM-Debugger by
choosing the appropriate option when the system hangs.

6.23 Adaptec 2940 Fast and Sync. SCSI explanation...

This message is to clear up the confusion on the issue of whether or

not the NEXTSTEP driver for the Adaptec 2940 PCI SCSI Host Adapter
supports Fast SCSI (i.e., 10 MB/s data transfers).

The Adaptec 2940 SCSI Host Adapter Driver supports Synchronous Data
Transfer as well as Fast SCSI transfers. In order to enable
Synchronous Data Transfer, this feature must be enabled in both the
2940's AutoSCSI program and in the NEXTSTEP Configure application,
when configuring the Adaptec 2940 driver. In the AutoSCSI program,
this feature is enabled in the SCSI Device Configuration menu, via the
"Initiate Sync Negotiation" field. This can be enabled or disabled on
a per-target basis. In the Configure application, the "Synchronous"
button, if disabled, disables Synchronous Transfers for ALL targets.
If enabled, the values selected in the AutoSCSI program are used to
determine whether or not Synchronous Transfers occur on a per-target
basis.

The Synchronous Transfer data rate is determined in the 2940's

AutoSCSI program, via the "Maximum Sync Transfer Rate" field in the
SCSI Device Configuration menu. "Fast SCSI" Transfers are enabled by
selecting a value of 10 (i.e., 10 Megabytes/seconds) for this field.
Note that if Synchronous Transfers are disabled, the "Maximum Sync
Transfer Rate" field is meaningless. Also note that it is not
recommended to select a value higher than 5 for a device which is in
an external enclosure and connected to the 2940 via an external SCSI
cable.

6.24 Do EIDE-Drives work with NEXTSTEP?

EIDE

Yes, a driver is included in NEXTSTEP 3.3

6.25 Anyone have a driver yet that does 8 bit color on an ET4000/w32p card?
(Hercules Dynamite Pro VLB)

ET4000/w32p, 8 Bit color

Here's a trick that will work with 3.3 if the driver works with your
adapter. You need the latest driver though.

Simply select one of the 8-bit gray resolutions in Configure. Save the
configuration and quit Configure. Open Instance0.table inside the
driver bundle and search for BW:8 and replace it by RGB:256/8. Save
the file. Restart your machine and you've got 8-bit color!!!

6.26 Does a Glidepoint pointing device work with NEXTSTEP?

Glidepoint
 It will work nicely under NS as you don't need any driver to make it
work and use the nice features that GlidePoint have, like 'double-tap'
to replace left-button click and 'double-tap and slide on the pad' to
replace the hold the button and move for dragging an object.

6.27 AppleTalk under NEXTSTEP/Intel?

AppleTalk, Intel IPT has a product called Partner, which works fine
under 3.3 and mounts AppleShare Volumes, supports AT printing etc.
(This is true, although IPT states that Partner only runs under 3.3
Black and 3.2 Intel.)

6.28 Booting hangs with black screen

Triton Bootoptions

On some Triton based boards there seems to be a graphic problem while

booting. The solution is to switch off graphic display and always boot
with the '-v' option turned on (enter this at the 'boot:' prompt).

If you don't get a 'boot:' prompt, or if you just want to fix things
forever, you need to enter Default.table and Instance0.table in
/usr/Devices/System.config and set 'BootGraphics="No"'. This has the
same effect as typing '-v' at the 'boot:' prompt every time.

Setting BootGraphics=NO can also be done from the Expert panel in

Configure.app

6.29 Why are the features of my graphic card useless?

graphic card

For the purposes of this discussion, I will limit my response to the

manner in which DPS operates as part of the NEXTSTEP window server.
DPS sometimes draws directly to the screen and sometimes to offscreen
memory (buffered windows). The latter is the most common case. The
former occurs only in nonretained windows and visible portions of
retained windows.

DPS is split into two sections: a device independent kernel and a

device dependent driver layer. The driver layer is free to use
graphics hardware to do its job; however there are complications.
First, most graphics cards only allow you to use the hardware to draw
into the framebuffer, not into system memory. This renders the
hardware unusable for buffered windows. Second, the hardware must draw
the same pixels that the software would draw. Often this is hard to
achieve with satisfactory performance results. The DPS device
primitives rely on precise pixel layout that often cannot be
guaranteed using the hardware in the most straightforward manner.

So, while it is theoretically possible to use graphics hardware with

DPS in NEXTSTEP, it is not very practical. This should not lead you to
the conclusion that all graphics cards are the same when it comes to
NEXTSTEP. The speed of the system bus (ISA, EISA, PCI, VLB) is a big
determinant of performance, but the internal architecture of the card
itself also has a huge impact on the framebuffer memory bandwidth. I
won't go into details, but some of the determinants include DRAM vs.
VRAM, memory interleaving, and burst access.
 Other factors also influence the quality of a display card. These
include the speed and stability of the RAMDAC and the supported
display modes to name jsut two.

6.30 How to use MIDI without the MusicKit?

MIDI MusicKit

* Be sure you have an MPU-401 compatible MIDI card for the PC.

* Get the Music Kit and install it. It's on the ftp servers.

* Install the MIDI driver by double clicking on

/LocalLibrary/Devices/Mididriver, which will add it to the system.
Set the IRQ and IO port in the Configure.app. Then reboot.

* If your program does not use the -ObjC flag on its link line, link
against /usr/local/lib/libmusickit.a. However, if your program
does use the -ObjC flag, extract the following files from
libmusickit.a and link against them

explicitly:

mididriver_replyServer.o
mididriverUser.o
mididriver_nonMig.o

* Add this line as the first line in the C file that accesses the
MIDI driver:

#import <musickit/midi_driver_compatability.h>

Be sure that you do not explicitly import . This file is

(conditionally) imported by .

The reason for needing a separate API for Intel is that there's a
structure size disparity between the 68k and Intel versions of
NeXT's libsys_s. So we defined a new set of MIDI functions for the
Intel driver. The header file above defines the old names to be
the new names.

* Change the mididriver port name from mididriver to Mididriver.

Example:

#if i386
#define MIDIDRIVER_NAME "Mididriver"
#else
#define MIDIDRIVER_NAME "mididriver"
#endif
 r = netname_look_up(name_server_port, "",MIDIDRIVER_NAME,
&driverPort);

This is another change to prevent conflict with the NeXT hardware

driver.

6.31 Installation problems with EIDE and ATAPI drives

EIDE installation ATAPI

Load the SCSI driver and then load the EIDE driver. Don't follow the
directions they give you (which are to load the CD's driver and then
load the hard drive's driver). Do it backwards, so that the hard drive
you are installing to gets assigned sd0. By swapping drivers like
this, the CDROM gets sd1 which is what the installation procedure
expects.

I guess that what happened is that the EIDE driver makes the CDROM
drive masquerade as a SCSI device. And SCSI ids will be assigned to
devices in the order that you load the drivers. Since the OS wants to
load to sd0, that means that you have to load the hard drive's driver
before the CDROM's driver, especially in this case where the CD is on
one bus and the HD is on another. By doing this, the CD doesn't steal
sd0 away before the SCSI driver is loaded. My guess is that if you had
the CD and the hard drive on the same bus (EIDE or SCSI) you'd never
have this trouble. It's just the fact that there are two busses that
confuse the installation. Anyway, this worked for me (Don Yacktman
[email protected]).

6.32 Error message during boot time

error, during boot message, bootstrap

The following is a common error message you might encounter during the
boot process just before the workspace starts up: bootstrap_register
failed -- 102. You may ignore it savely. It will only occur if you
didn't installed a sound driver.

6.33 Does NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP run with ...

compatibility

Although there are problems running NEXSTEP/OPENSTEP in conjunction

with certain hardware, these problems are rare and most people got it
working somehow. It's best to buy supported add-on cards listed in the
Intel-Configuration section of NeXTanswers
http://www.next.com/NeXTanswers/. However most mainboards do work.

Yes, this includes Pentium-Pro processors.

NO, this excludes MP support (if you don't know what it is, never
mind) (Okay, MP: Multi-Processing. Some boards are capable to keep
more than one processor. However NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP doesn't take
advantage of more than one processor).
 Also most multiprocessing boards do work with a single or more
processors (even if a second or further processors aren't utilized)
there are reports which indicate that there are problems with these
boards.

6.34 RAM greater 64MB, now I get a black screen!

screen, black black screen

Many users discouver a nice effect: They add RAM to their computer so
they have more than 64MB of RAM installed. After rebooting
NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP only a black screen appears and the system is
stalled.

This is a common problem. Reboot using the default configuration or

with the VGA driver installed. Run Configure and select your graphic
driver. Enter a value greater 64MB (in hexadecimal numbering,
eg.0xA000000) and save. That's it. Previously your drivers memory did
collide with your computers memory.

6.35 Lost root password

root, password password, root

The following is a method on how to change the root password on an

Intel based computer. However if the system is booted over a network
this won't help.

Boot in single user mode supplying '-s' to the boot prompt. Once the
system is halted. Start NetInfo by running 'sh /etc/rc'. Now use 'nu
-m' to change the password and reboot (enterying 'reboot' of course.
Not pressing the power button! I didn't had to tell this, did I?)

7 STORAGE

7.1 Disktab help needed: ST15230N

disktab ST15230N Seagate, ST15230

This is the /etc/disktab entry for the SEAGATE ST15230N.

ST15230N_1024|SEAGATE ST15230N_1024:\
:ty=fixed_rw_scsi:nc#3992:nt#19:ns#59:ss#1024:rm#5411:\
:fp#160:bp#0:ng#0:gs#0:ga#0:ao#0:\
:os=sdmach:z0#32:z1#96:hn=localhost:ro=a:\
:pa#0:sa#512000:ba#8192:fa#1024:ca#8:da#4096:ra#10:oa=time:\
:ia:ta=4.3BSD:\
:pb#512000:sb#512000:bb#8192:fb#1024:cb#8:db#4096:rb#10:ob=time:\
:ib:tb=4.3BSD:\
:pc#1024000:sc#716800:bc#8192:fc#1024:cc#8:dc#4096:rc#10:oc=time:\
:ic:tc=4.3BSD: \
:pd#1740800:sd#1536000:bd#8192:fd#1024:cd#8:dd#4096:rd#10:od=time:\
:id:td=4.3BSD: \
:pe#3276800:se#1150000:be#8192:fe#1024:ce#8:de#4096:re#10:oe=time:\
:ie:te=4.3BSD:
7.2 Formatting DEC DSP3105 with 1024-byte blocks.

DEC, DSP3105 DPS3105, 1024 block size disktab

A DEC DSP3160S was reformatted with 1024-byte blocks using the

following entry in /etc/disktab (two partitions)

# DEC DSP3160S
DSP3160S|DEC DSP3160S|DEC DSP3160S w/1024 b/sec as 2 partition:\
:ty=fixed_rw_scsi:nc#1302:nt#16:ns#75:ss#1024:rm#5403:\
:fp#160:bp#0:ng#0:gs#0:ga#0:ao#0:\
:os=sdmach:z0#32:z1#96:r0=a:\
:pa#0:sa#744000:ba#8192:fa#1024:ca#7:da#4096:ra#10:oa=time:\
:ia:ta=4.3BSD:\
:pb#744000:sb#818400:bb#8192:fb#1024:cb#7:db#4096:rb#10:ob=time:\
:ib:tb=4.3BSD:

7.3 My formatted disk has much less space then advertised!

filesystem, overhead disk space space, disk filesystem, space

Let's assume you bought a disk drive advertised with 400 MB

unformatted capacity. Vendors are not consistent with the MB
definition. You may have much less space less than you think you have.
Which of the following did you buy?

400 * 1000 * 1000 = 400,000,000 bytes

400 * 1024 * 1000 = 409,600,000 bytes
400 * 1024 * 1024 = 419,430,400 bytes

(for Quantum drives the following is true: Quantum defines 1MB to be

exactly 1000000 Bytes).

The disk must be formatted. This is often done by the vendor, but
occasionally by the user. Formatting maps the disk into sectors. Space
is reserved for the disk geometry and bad sectors. Formatting can take
10-20% of the capacity depending on the sector size. Common sector
sizes are 512 and 1024. Generally, bigger sectors mean less waste.

Once formatted, the UNIX file system must be created. On the NeXT,
this is one of the steps performed by the BuildDisk application. It
invokes the mkfs command to make a file system. This reserves space
for the UNIX file system (e.g., superblocks, inode tables). This
overhead can take another 2-3% of the available disk space.

If you issue the df command, you may be surprised to see another 10

the available disk space has disappeared. The df command shows the
total, used, and available disk space. The df units are in kbytes
(1024 bytes). The sum of the used and available numbers will generally
be about 10 allow the UNIX file system to be efficient in its storage
allocation. If your disk fills up, only the superuser can store files
in the remaining 10%.
 To complete the picture, here's a snapshot of what may occur:

Capacity Lost/Used/Reserved Reason

(in bytes) (in bytes)
419,430,000 19,430,000 Marketing hype (~5\%)
400,000,000 60,000,000 Formatting (~15\%)
340,000,000 6,800,000 UNIX file system (~2\%)
333,200,000 33,320,000 Efficiency & superuser (~10\%)
299,880,000

For more information, refer to the df and mkfs man pages.

7.4 Can't initialise my disk within the Workspace

initializing

Sometimes there are problem initializing disks. This only occurs if

the disk is already formatted, but in a different format, e.g. the
sector size was changed etc.

Mostly you can overcome this problem by using the sdformat utility
available on the FTP sites. (Not sdform by NeXT, which is incapable to
do this). After using sdformat, you should be abel to further format
the media within Workspace.

7.5 Initialing Opticals for NeXT

OD, NeXT optical disk, OD OD, initializing

Do the following:

/etc/mkfs /dev/rsd1a 288339 1803 2 8192 1024 12 10 60 4096 t

7.6 How to use a tape drive ?

tape drive

Using Configure.app add the SCSITape driver to support any SCSI tape
drives in the "Others" config.

7.7 How to recover from an partially formatted disk?

recover, disk

Often people (mostly on Intel) complain about a formatted disk

(sometimes partially) due to an installation process error of some
other OS. There is a chance to recover most of the data. The following
assumes you are on Intel, other hardware user have to handle things
much less complicated, but the way is similar:

* Prepare a new hard drive for booting

* Don't try to repair the broken drive!
* On Intel run fdisk to repartition the drive as it was before. If
 you are not able to do this, you are lost. Delete all evtl. new
created partitions. By repartitioning, you won't loose data on the
drive.
* Run disk on the broken drive e.g. type disk -rsd1h.
* Now scan the disk for superblocks by entereing the scan command at
the interactive disk command prompt.
* If your disk was partially formatted, use a higher superblock
number to supply fsck with an new superblock. E.g. if a superblock
was found at 3145 use fsck -b3145 -y /dev/sd1a (assuming the first
partition is the broken one).
* After this run, it is most important to reboot without syncing the
drives! E.g. just turn off the computer without shutting down, or
use the reboot -n command.
* After rebooting the run fsck again, if it isn't done by the system
itself.
* You should be able to access the drive again now. Recovered files
are placed in the /lost+found directory.

7.8 What about the ZIP drive?

IOmega, ZIP ZIP drive

There are frequently asked questions about the IOmega ZIP drive. One
question will be answered here: 'Yes, it works with NEXTSTEP'.

For other question I'd like to point you to the ZIP-drive FAQ:
http://www.radical.com/TheSolutions/RadicalSolution4.html

7.9 How to partition a 4GB drive

4GB drive 2GB partition limit Quantum sizes

If you are going to use large drives (greater 2GB) you need to
partition this drive (true at least for OS versions up to 4.0). These
are the common ways to go without too much trouble and it provides an
very easy way for 4GB drives under NS3.3.

1. Solution: disktab
+ If you need more than 3 partitions, you have to write a
disktab entry! Using fdisk (Intel systems only) has no
effect.
+ On how to write a disktab entry, read the NeXTanswers (search
for partition)
+ other pointers are: 'scsimodes' and 'man disktab'.
2. Solution: installation on drive to partition
+ for Quantum drives the following is true: Quantum defines 1MB
to be exactly 1.000.000 bytes. So if you are suited best by
using 2 partitions on a Quantum Atlas 34300 (4.3GB
drive-Quantum size, 4GB+5MB real size)
+ 2 partitions are automatically handled on all NS3.3 platforms
+ To easily install the drive by not writing a disktab entry do
the following:
o disconnect all other drives and connect the 4GB drive
with ID 0
o start a plain NS3.3 installation via disks and the
CD-ROM
o when the installation of files starts (text based
 output) you may break the procedure (the disk will get
fsck'ed later) or wait until the system reboots and
hangs :-) (no fsck needed then)
o you should previously have read some line telling you:
initializing sd0b
o now reconnect your old boot drives and restart NEXTSTEP
with the old boot drives. Switch the 4GB drive to a
different ID.
o Only the first partition of the 4GB drive will get
mounted automatically, this is due to a documented bug
in the automounter.
o to permanently mount both partitions, add your drive
partitions to the /etc/fstab file. Test mounting and
umounting by hand first.
o everything should work fine now after a second reboot,
and if you set up your fstab file correctly, both
partitions will get mounted.
+ To switch the boot partition to the new 4GB drive continue
with:
o only the first partition is bootable (you'll notice that
by doing a ls -l on the mount entry --- there is the 't'
file mode)
o (cd / ; gnutar -clf -)|(cd ; gnutar -xvpf -) This
transfers your root partition to the new partition.
o now try a boot from the new drive, by entering in the
boot prompt: sd(x)mach_kernel (bsd for NeXT)

7.10 How to mount/ignore a disk during boot

fstab mount, during boot disk, protection protection, disk disk,

ignore foreign filesystems filesystem, ignore

If you just format a new disk attached to your computer, it will get
automounted by the Workspacemanager and unmounted when you log out. To
utilize the disk during the boot process or to have fixed pathes and
protections you need to create an entry in /etc/fstab for the drive.
See the Unix manual pages for more details.

This is also the solution for ignoring disks or partitions of a disk

with a foreign filesystem, which the Workspacemanager otherwises would
prompt you for formatting.

A common mistake for /etc/fstab is to inlcude the noauto keyword in

subsequent mounts. Don't include this keyword for further mount
entries!

7.11 Can't read multisession CD-ROMs!

CD-ROM, multisession multisession

Argh. Yes it's true. The original NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP drivers can't read
multisession CD-ROMs. Only the first session can be used. If it is
audio, CDPlayer is started if it's data it is just automounted to
become accessable though Worksapce manager.

Luckily there is a commercial driver out there, which enables

NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP to take advantage of multisession CD-ROMs.
CDXA Driver
Price DM 48,- (about $US 30)
Uwe Tilemann
Tools GmbH
Adolfstr. 5
D-53111 Bonn
GERMANY

Phone: +49 0228 98580-0

Fax: +49 0228 98580-17
Email: [email protected] (NeXTmail/MIME)
WWW: http://www.Tools.DE/

8 PRINTING

8.1 What printers (laser or otherwise) may be used with NEXTSTEP?

printer, NeXT

Adding supported postscript printers is rather simple:

* Get a serial cable (e.g., Macintosh to LaserWriter Plus), but

check whether that works with your printer
* Configure using Print Manager
* Configure printer communication according to manufacturer's
recommendations. (9600 baud software flow control).

A sample printcap entry needs to be loaded into the netinfo database.

You can use either niload printcap . , or use NetInfoManager to change
the br and lp properties of your LaserJet. Using the default baud rate
and /dev/ttya will also work, for most print jobs (if the printer is
connected to this port).

LaserJet_III: \
:note=LaserJet_III:ty=HP LaserJet III PostScript: \
:sd=/usr/spool/NeXT/LaserJet_III:lp=/dev/ttyfa: \
:lf=/usr/adm/lpd-errs:af=/usr/adm/lp.acct:br=19200:rw:fc\#0000374: \
:fs\#0000003:xc\#0:xs\#0040040:mx\#0:sf:sb:if=/usr/lib/transcript/psif:
\
:of=/usr/lib/transcript/psof:gf=/usr/lib/transcript/psgf: \
:nf=/usr/lib/transcript/psnf:tf=/usr/lib/transcript/pstf: \
:rf=/usr/lib/transcript/psrf:vf=/usr/lib/transcript/psvf: \
:cf=/usr/lib/transcript/pscf:df=/usr/lib/transcript/psdf:

HP printer configuration:

auto cont = off (doesn't matter)

I/O = serial
serial=rs-232 (for LJ III only)
baud rate = 19200 (or whatever baud rate you have
in ni database/printcap)
 robust xon = on (doesn't matter)
dtr polarity = hi
startpage = off (doesn't matter)
language=english
ret = med (you choose for LJ III only)

Note that if you modify the printcap this way you cannot reconfigure
this particular printer entry with PrintManager.

If you are using NEXTSTEP 2.0 and you use remote non-next printers,
there is a bug that can be simply corrected by doing "dwrite system
PrinterResolution 1" for each user trying to access non-next printers
on the network. This not a problem in later NEXTSTEP versions.

8.2 What fonts can I use with NEXTSTEP?

fonts

Properly packaged Type 1 or 3 PostScript fonts will work with

NEXTSTEP, but certain conversions may be necessary to get them to
work. Freeware and shareware fonts are available on various ftp
archives. There are utilities with NEXTSTEP to download fonts into
postscript printers.

Freeware and shareware Type 1 and 3 fonts in files

Fonts-1.0-free.tar.Z and Fonts-2.0-sw.tar.Z. Each file unpacks into
it's own directory. Within each directory is a ReadMe.rtf and a
Makefile. See the ReadMe.rtf for more font descriptions and
installation instructions. (You may also find comments in the Makefile
of interest.) These packages were prepared by Doug Brenner .

The same directory contains fonts Shalom (Hebrew and Yiddish in Old
Style, Stick and Script typefaces, by Jonathan Brecher, shareware) and
CyrillicGothic (san serif, by Jay Sekora). These were packaged by
Jacob Gore to work with the Installer application.

WSI-Fonts for NEXTSTEP \#1

Abstract Software
POB 25045
Seattle, WA 98125-1945
Voice: 206 361 5080
[email protected]

Some fonts in Type 1 format for NEXTSTEP are also available from Y&Y:

Y\&Y, 106 Indian Hill, Carlisle MA 01741 USA

Voice: 800 742 4059
Voice: 508 371 3286
Fax: 508 371 2004
71172,524 on CompuServe
[email protected] from InterNet
 There is a font converter available in the MetroTools package by
MetroSoft ([email protected]).

8.3 How can I save my printable documents to a postscript file?

PS to file

Select PRINT from the main menu, then select SAVE from the resulting
print panel.

8.4 How can I print only the even or odd pages of a document?

odd and even pages even and odd pages duplex printing double sided
print

I wish print on both sides by feeding the paper through twice.

We must recommend against re-using laser printed paper in your

printers. The reason is that the toner which is used is not very
robust, in that when heated again (which happens when you print) it
can come off the other side of the paper. This causes a mess to
accumulate in your printer, and probably some pretty rude things to
happen.

psutils from comp.sources.misc is a much better solution, and includes

a lot more capabilities, plus it is being updated constantly.

8.5 How do I get banner pages on my printer output?

banner

There is a sample banner prologue file in /usr/lib/NextPrinter that is

sent to the printer before or after the print job depending on what
printer attributes are set in NetInfo. Sounds gross, but it isn't.
Start up NetInfo on your printer machine. Go to the printer directory,
and open up your local printer by double clicking it. Select the
append property from Directory menu. Replace the name with BannerAfter
(or BannerBefore if you want the banner page printed first). The
select the New Value option, and put in the name of the banner
prologue file. If you do not wish to do fancy customization of the
file, simply put the path to the NeXT sample banner file:

/usr/lib/NextPrinter/banner.pro

Save out the netinfo modifications.

8.6 How do I get [la]TeX files to print correctly on non-NeXT printers?

Latex TeX

If you are printing to a non-NeXT printer from NeXT TeX using dvips,
make sure you specify the correct resolution (300 dpi, usually),
either on the command line with -D300, or in the
/usr/lib/tex/config.ps file with a line that looks like : D 300
 If you are printing from within TeXView, you will have to choose
CustomResolution and enter the correct number (300, usually) because
of the way DefaultResolution defaults to 0.

8.7 What if I have a PostScript font has not been ported to NEXTSTEP?

PS-Font to NeXT

Many PostScript fonts port to NEXTSTEP with little effort.

The easiest case is a font generated by Fontographer version 3.2 or

above (a comment near the top of the file should say which program
generated the font). This version of Fontographer can generate fonts
"for NEXTSTEP". This means that no hacking of the font is needed, but
you may need to make some adjustments to make it appear in your font
panel.

Suppose you were porting the font family Shalom, which consists of
three faces: Old Style, Stick and Script. Here is the procedure to
follow:

* In a working folder of yours, create folders called:

Shalom-OldStyle.font
Shalom-Script.font
Shalom-Stick.font

Note that the font family name is to the left of the hyphen ("-"),
and the typeface name is to the right and with no spaces in it.

* Copy the outline font file for each typeface from wherever it is
into its folder, and give it the name of the folder minus the
".font". For example, if you are doing this in a Terminal window:

cp /Floppy/ShalomOldStyle.NeXT Shalom-OldStyle.font/Shalom-OldStyle
cp /Floppy/ShalomScript.NeXT Shalom-Script.font/Shalom-Script
cp /Floppy/ShalomStick.NeXT Shalom-Stick.font/Shalom-Stick

If you are working in Workspace Manager's File Viewer,

double-click on the big fat F icon to open the font directory as a
folder, then you'll be able to rename files in it.

* Do the same thing with the font metric files, but make the suffix
".afm":

cp /Floppy/ShalomOldStyle.AFM Shalom-OldStyle.font/Shalom-OldStyle.afm
cp /Floppy/ShalomScript.AFM Shalom-Script.font/Shalom-Script.afm
cp /Floppy/ShalomStick.AFM Shalom-Stick.font/Shalom-Stick.afm
* If there is a "read me" file with the font, or any other
documentation, copy it into the .font folder too. For example,
each of the Shalom font folders contains files ReadMe,
CheatSheet.wn and Sample.wn specific to the typeface.

* Edit the outline and font metric files to make them fit the NeXT
AppKit's Font Panel, which is what most NextStep applications use
to let you choose your font.
+ Editing the outline file, e.g.,
Shalom-OldStyle.font/Shalom-OldStyle:

The original used "ShalomOldStyle" as the font's name, full

name, and family name. We want the name to be
"Shalom-OldStyle", the full name "Shalom Old Style", and
family name just "Shalom".

First, find the lines:

/FullName (ShalomOldStyle) readonly def

/FamilyName (ShalomOldStyle) readonly def

and change them to:

/FullName (Shalom Old Style) readonly def

/FamilyName (Shalom) readonly def

Then, replace all remaining occurrences of the string

"ShalomOldStyle" with "Shalom-OldStyle".

+ Editing the AFM file, e.g.,

Shalom-OldStyle.font/Shalom-OldStyle.afm.

Find the lines:

FullName ShalomOldStyle
FamilyName ShalomOldStyle

and change them to:

FullName Shalom Old Style

FamilyName Shalom

Replace all remaining occurrences of the string "ShalomOldStyle"

with "Shalom-OldStyle".

Repeat this procedure for the remaining typefaces.

* You now have a font family ready to be installed. If the font
family is to be used by your account only, place it in
/Library/Fonts (creating it if necessary):

mkdirs ~/Library/Fonts
mv Shalom-*.font ~/Library/Fonts
 buildafmdir ~/Library/Fonts

If everybody on your system should have access to this font

family, place it (as superuser) in /LocalLibary/Fonts:

su
mkdirs /LocalLibrary/Fonts
mv Shalom-*.font /LocalLibrary/Fonts
buildafmdir /LocalLibrary/Fonts
exit

That's all you need to do for fonts generated by Fontographer version

3.2 or above. This will work with all applications that use AppKit's
FontPanel. FrameMaker does not, so other changes may need to be done
to keep FrameMaker happy [does anybody have something to add here?].

Fonts generated by Fontographer version 3.1 or below don't work in

Display PostScript as they are, because they use a memory management
trick that screws everything up in a multitasking environment like
DPS. However, there is a simple, though kludgy, way to make them work.

The problematic trick uses a dictionary with a name like "Fog3.1"

("Casa1" in Casady & Green's fonts) in which most of the font resides.
The problem is that Fontographer puts that whole dictionary into
dictionary 'userdict' and expects it to stay there. DPS, however,
clears out 'userdict' between tasks, including the task that loads the
font and the task that uses it. This makes the font useless on the
screen, and printable only by prepending the outline font file to the
file you want to print and sending the result to print in one task.

The fix is to move the troublesome dictionary from 'userdict' into the
font dictionary itself (unlike 'userdict', the font dictionary does
stick around between tasks).

Perform the following changes in the outline font file (the font
CyrillicGothic is used as the example):

* Find the line "%%EndProlog". It will be followed by the line like

this:

/\$CyrillicGothic 23 dict def \$CyrillicGothic begin

Write down the number before 'dict' (in this case, 23). You will
need it in the following step. Delete the dict definition, making
the line look like this:

\$CyrillicGothic begin
 * Go back to the beginning of the file. near the top of the font
program, find the following lines:

userdict/Fog3.1 known\{\{currentfile( )readstring

\{(\%\%\%)eq\{exit\}if\}{pop exit\}ifelse\}loop
\}if
userdict begin/Fog3.1 45 dict def Fog3.1 begin

and replace them with these:

/\$CyrillicGothic 24 dict def

\$CyrillicGothic begin/Fog3.1 45 dict def Fog3.1 begin

The number before 'dict' (in this case, 24) is one greater than
the number you wrote down in the previous step.

* Find the line that defines procedure BuildChar:

/BuildChar{Fog3.1/BuildChar get exec}def

and change it as follows:

/BuildChar{1 index begin Fog3.1/BuildChar get exec end}def

* Go to the end of the file. The last line looks like this:

/CyrillicGothic findfont/EFN get Fog3.1 begin\{RF\}forall end

Delete it (or comment it out by placing one or more " beginning of

it).

The AFM file requires one adjustment. Change the line

EncodingScheme AppleStandard

to

EncodingScheme AdobeStandardEncoding

This concludes conversion of a font generated by Fontographer version

3.1 or lower to work with NEXTSTEP. You may still need to make the
 changes described for version 3.2 and above, to make the font fit the
NEXTSTEP font panel.

Short note: under NEXTSTEP 3.3 there is no need to call buildafmdir by

hand. It's triggered automatically by the Font panel.

8.8 What color printers (laser or otherwise) may be used with NEXTSTEP?

printer, color

The (no longer sold) NeXT/Canon SCSI color printer, of course!

With Dots Color, the HP DeskJet 500C can print in color today, under
NEXTSTEP 2.1, and it costs significantly less than $1000 (in Germany
at least).

In Germany you can get more information from:

d'ART Software GmbH

Virchowstr. 17-19
W-2000 Hamburg 50
Germany
Voice: +49 40 380 23 0
Fax: +49 40 380 23 290
[email protected]

JetPilot from Interpersonal Computer does this jobs also very well.
You can get more information from:

interpersonal computing GmbH

Oettingenstrasse 2
W-80538 Muenchen
Germany
Voice: +49 89 22 28 63
Fax: +49 89 22 33 76
[email protected]

8.9 How can I make the Page Layout default to A4 in all applications?

A4 default size

Add "NXPaperType A4" in the "GLOBAL" preferences.

8.10 /usr/lib/NextPrinter/Server/pstf: syntax error at line 31: `end of file'

unexpected?

Using lpr -t, or lpr -d causes this problem. eg:

[...]
cat /usr/lib/NextPrinter/Server/pstf
 [...]

Christopher Lane has pointed out 3 (three!) errors in the distributed

NEXTSTEP 3.0 lpd.comm file

The last change is my own. It worked for the 1 (one!) dvi file I
tried.

tilley\% diff lpd.comm.DIST lpd.comm

11,12c11,12
< while "x\$1" != x do
< case "\$1" in
---
> while test \$\# != 0
> do case "\$1" in
16c16
< -h) HOST=\$"; shift;;
---
> -h) HOST=\$2; shift;;
17a18
> esac
21c22
< PRSERVER="/usr/lib/NextPrinter/Server/prserver -p \$PRINTER -n \$USER
-h HOST -f -"
---
> PRSERVER="/usr/lib/NextPrinter/Server/prserver -p \$PRINTER -n \$USER
-h \$HOST -f -"
27c28
< psdf) psbad \$FILTER \$PRINTER \$USER \$HOST | \$PRSERVER;;
---
> psdf) dvips -f -D 400 -r | \$PRSERVER ;;

8.11 How to get TeX with NEXTSTEP to make proper fonts for a 600 dpi
laserwriter?

600dpi TeX fonts TeX, 600dpi

If you upgrade to a 600 dpi laserwriter then the version of TeX that
ships with NEXTSTEP (either 2.X or 3.0) does not know about 600 dpi
fonts, i.e. does not know how to make them and will instead use scaled
400 dpi ones (which look significantly worse at 600 dpi than they do
at 400 dpi). Some simple modifications to a few Metafont files and
rebuilding the metafont bases are all that is needed. What to do to
get the 600 dpi stuff working is as follows:

* Edit /usr/lib/mf/inputs/next.mf and add a laserjetIV mode. Simply

copy the entire imagen mode, change the name to laserjetIV, and
change the pixels_per_inch to 600. Save the changed file.

* Build a new mf.base file by executing the following commands:

inimf "plain; input next; dump"

 (as superuser): cp plain.base /usr/lib/mf/bases/mf.base

* Edit /usr/lib/tex/ps/config.ps and change the `D 400' line to `D

600' (you may have `D 300' or something else if you've set up a
different printer.)

* Edit /usr/bin/MakeTeXPK (as superuser), adding the lines

elif test $BDPI = 600

then
MODE=laserjetIV

right before the second `else' in the file.

That should do it! You might have to (depending on how you configure
NEXTSTEP for the LaserJet IV) select `custom resolution' and set the
gadget to 600 in the TeXview print panel, and save Preferences. These
instructions are written for an HP Laserjet IV, but they should also
work for a QMS printer just fine.

Finally, if you have one of these printers and work in a "mixed"

environment with perhaps 400 dpi and/or 300 dpi printers that you also
print to on a regular basis then you might want to consider getting
Type 1 PS version of the Computer Modern fonts instead. They obviate
the need for the instructions above, and the savings in disc space
will be considerable since having printer fonts for several printers
takes lots of room, and the file sizes for 600 dpi are quite large
(the files grow roughly as D logD, where D is the resolution). These
fonts are made by Blue Sky Research, and work beautifully. Y&Y
software is a reseller for BSR and sells a "NEXTSTEP specific" version
of them which comes with appropriate instructions and installation
scripts.

8.12 How to get printer description files (PPD)?

PPD, where? printer description files, PPD

Adobe has a mail server and ftp site where you can get .PPD files.
They are:

[email protected] (put "send help" in the mail body)

ftp.mv.us.adobe.com

8.13 What are the Canon part numbers for ink cartridges equivalent to those
NeXT's Color Printer uses?

ink cartridge, Canon Canon, ink cartridge

Part Numbers are:

 Red: BJI-643 M
Yellow: BJI-643 Y
Blue: BJI-643 C
Black: BJI-643 Bk

8.14 JetPilot does not work with my JetDirect box, why?

JetPilot, JetDirect JetDirect, JetPilot eXTRAPRINT

It seems, that there is a bug in the /etc/rc-script. The bootpd is

given with to arguments -a -f, which are not available for the bootpd
under 3.3.

Make an entry in /etc/bootptab like this:

\#
\# host htype haddr iaddr bootfile
\#
printer 1 XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX

where
* host: your given hostname for the printer (eg. picasso)
* haddr: The Ethernet hardware address (Can be seen, if you press
the TEST-Key on your JetDirect box.
* iaddr: Is the hostaddress for the printer (eg. 192.42.172.1)

Entries have to be done also in the Netinfo-database. It's like adding

a new host.

Insert the following line to your etc/rc.local script:

\#
\# Starting JetDirect-Printer configuration
\#
fbshow -B -I "Starting Printer initialization" -z 92
/usr/etc/bootpd -d /etc/bootptab >/dev/console 2>\&1

There is an additional FAQ available at:

ftp://ftp.gscorp.com/pub/support/HP_JetDirect_Configuration.rtfd.tar.g
z

8.15 powering down NeXTprinter during bootup, printer still works

power down, printer printer, printer down

Type the following to your rc.local.

 \#turn off NeXT laser printer.
fbshow -B -I "Powering off NeXTprinter" -z 95
if [ -f /usr/etc/nppower ]; then
sleep 3
/usr/etc/nppower off
(echo 'powering off NeXTprinter') >/dev/console
fi

This works fine... the printer powers down immediately, and is

available for any app which wants it.

8.16 How to set up the HP LaserJet 4M?

HP Laserjet 4M

I solved the problem by building a serial cable based upon the pinouts
supplied by HP in their manual. Please note that the LJIII cable does
not work. In particular, pin 1 from the DIN plug must be connected to
pin 6 of the DB25. I used 38500 bps on both sides, and the 600 dpi
ppd.

Emulex offers the NETJet network interface which speaks lpd protocol,
unlike the HP unit.

8.17 Laserwriter NTX & NEXTSTEP

Laserwriter NTX

This are the pin assignments.

Eight-pin mini DIN-8 RS-422 Port

Pin Signal Description

1,3 SG Signal Ground

4 TxD+ Transmit Data +
5 TxD- Transmit Data -
8 RxD+ Receive Data +
9 RxD- Receive Data -

IBM-compatible DB-25 Plug LaserWriter DB-25 Plug

Signal Pin Pin Signal

Shield 1 ............ 1 Shield

TxD 2 ............ 3 RxD
RxD 3 ............ 2 TxD
RTS 4 ............ 4 RTS
CTS 5 ............ 5 CTS
DSR 6 ............ 8 DCD
GND 7 ............ 7 GND
............ 20 DTR

The other aspect is to set the DIP switch on the printer. Here are the
DIP switch settings:
 Switch 1 Switch 2 Meaning

UP UP LocalTalk---RS-232 port disabled

DOWN UP Serial ports at 1200 Baud
UP DOWN Serial ports at 9600 Baud
DOWN DOWN RS-232 at 9600 Baud; RS-422 at 0 Baud

Switches 3 and 4 can probably be ignored---they're for strange stuff

like Diablo 630 and HP LaserJet emulation modes.

Switch 5 Switch 6 Meaning

DOWN DOWN XON/XOFF

UP UP XON/XOFF
DOWN UP ETX/ACK
UP DOWN DSR

8.18 Problems with gray levels in printout

gray levels color space PS Level2

If you have problems with your shades of gray (e.g. light gray is
indistinguishable from white) this might be well a problem in the
Level2 Color Space calibration of your printer.

To ensure, it's a problem of your printer (and not a problem of the

printer driver or PPD file) try the following:

* Save a printout to a file

* Edit the following line in your printout file:

/\_NXLevel2 systemdict/languagelevel known {languagelevel 2 ge}{false}i

felse \_\_NXdef

to:

/\_NXLevel2 false \_\_NXdef

* Send the modified file directly to the printer using the

commandline command lpr.

If you still have problem with the shades of gray, the printer
driver/PPD file is probably broken, otherwise your printer is broken,
which means he has problems with the Level2 color space calibration
(The given correction turns PS Level2 off).

8.19 Can't print using additional fonts

 printer, fonts

In rare circumstances some printers refuse to print, if they don't

recognize a font. In these cases add the _nxfinal form property to the
printer's property list with NetInfo.

9 OBSOLETE BUT STILL INTERESTING?

This chapter contains information covered in the early days of the

FAQs. It is not updated anymore. Note that with new releases of
NEXTSTEP and OpenStep some information might still be useful to those,
who e.g. didn't update.

9.1 Where can I get NeXT paraphernalia?

Paraphernalia

These parts can be ordered.

NeXT T-shirts
Classic NeXT logo on front $6.95 each (S-XL)
3.1 NEXTSTEP logo on front $7.95 each (M-XXL)

NeXT Pencils $20.30 box of 100

NeXT Cross Pen $21.15 each
NeXT Decals $75.00 box of 100
NeXT T-shirt $ 5.65 each - sizes S, M, L, XL
(pre-shrunk)
Turtle Neck $19.20 each - sizes S, M, L, XL
NeXT Glass Mug $ 1.70 each
Leather Folder $54.50 each
NeXT Sweatshirt $19.20 each - sizes S, M, L, XL
NeXT Tote-bag $ 6.25 each
NeXT Mouse pad $ 9.67 each

Orders can be taken 24 hours a day for domestic and overseas orders

Contact: Hermann Marketing

-------- 1400 North Price Road
St. Louis, MO 63132-2308
Phone: 1 800 972 1331, 314 432 1800
Fax: 314 432 1818

Method of payment: Purchase order, check, money order, or credit card

9.2 Is there any way to change the text in the title bar of a terminal window?

There is no way of changing the title bar of a Terminal.app window in

2.x; in 3.x there is. Check Preferences (Title Bar): set CustomTitle,
type in the title, and hit CR (or Set Window) and voila!
[From: [email protected] (Andre Roberge)]

Actually, there is a way to change the title bar of a Terminal window

in 2.x (at least in 2.1 which is what I am using). It is somewhat
limited but it might be useful to some.

The trick is to make a symbolic link between /bin/csh (or whichever

shell one wishes to use) and a file in / named
"Whatever_you_want_to_appear_in_the_title_bar". Then select this new
"shell" in the terminal preference and, voila!, you'll have your
terminal window with /Whatever_you..... in the title bar.

You can edit Stuart's titlebar interactively from the "Window..."

Inspector (Command-3).

Stuart provides emulation of certain Operating System Command (OSC)

sequences which can be used to modify the titlebar under subprocess
control.

Stuart can change the title of the current window from the command
line. In Stuart is possible to get more descriptive titles by linking
/usr/ucb/rsh to /usr/hosts/. Then by adding /usr/hosts to your Stuart
ShellPath you can then get the hostname into the title bar:

$ dwrite StuartShellPaths <various dirs>:/usr/hosts

You should then type in the hostname as the shell to invoke (disable
the "Shell reads .login file" for this. You can also add hosts to your
.Stuartrc file:

Shell=golem.ps.uci.edu
SourceDotLogin=NO
WinLocX=545
WinLocY=563
Lines=24
|
WinLocX=76
WinLocY=833

For the localhost, link /bin/csh to /usr/hosts/, or even better

/usr/local/bin/tcsh instead of using rsh.

[From: Garance A Drosehn ]

For what it's worth, I do this with a script called "telnet_to" and a
(bash) function called "telnet_window". The function simply does a

local soil_pars="-Lines 32 -Keypad YES -Reverse \

YES -Strict YES -TestExit YES";
soil -Shell "telnet_to $1" $soil_pars

and the script is just:

 #!bin/sh
/usr/ucb/telnet $*
echo ' '
echo ' --> telnet exited, press enter to close window.'
read -r Waste_Var
exit 0

This has a number of advantages, not the least of which being that I
can pop up a "telnet_window" to anywhere. I don't have to create links
for each host (though I do create aliases for the most common hosts),
and I can type "telnet_window" (or, e.g., "tel_aix") as a unix
command.

Also, if I lose the connection suddenly then the window stays around
until I get a chance to see what happened. I use telnet instead of rsh
because I generally connect to hosts which won't accept rsh's.

9.3 I can't get my pictures in OmniWeb

OmniWeb You have to install the OmniImage.service in your

/Library/Services or /LocalLibrary/Services (This is also a nice way
to get pictures converted in other applications as well.

You can ftp this from ftp.informatik.uni-muenchen.de

9.4 How do I remap the and | keys on my keyboard?

Keyboard

NeXT introduced a new keyboard configuration with the 040 products.

The
| keys which had been located on the main keyboard was moved to the
numeric keypad. Many users have since complained about it, and a work
around is to remap these keys using the demo application Keyboard
(/NextDeveloper/Demos/Keyboard), Mike Carlton's keyboardfix program:
ftp.cs.orst.edu:/pub/next/sources/next-interface/keyboardfix.tar.Z

...which lets you put these keys on shift-return or shift-delete. One

can hope that there will be a choice of keyboards in the future.

9.5 How do I stop NeXTMail/Sendmail adding &Mcirc;s onto the end of lines?

Sendmail

In /etc/sendmail.cf make this change:

[old code]

##### UUCP Mailer specification

#####
Muucp, P=/usr/bin/uux, F=msDFMhuU, S=13, R=23,

[new code]
 ##### UUCP Mailer specification
#####
Muucp, P=/usr/bin/uux, F=msDFMhuU, S=13, R=23, E=\n,

This has been fixed in 3.1, and the default mailhost sendmail is UUCP
oriented.

9.6 Why does NEXTSTEP 1.0 hang a few seconds after attempting to boot?

Boot hang, NS1.0

Release 1.0 contains a bug that can corrupt the kernel /odmach if a
user attempts to launch /odmach from the browser. The solution is to
copy a clean /odmach from another NeXT system. Be sure to change the
permissions of the newly installed /odmach to remove execute
permissions to prevent future occurrences of the same problem. Release
1.0a and beyond do not have this problem.

It is possible for the sdmach to get corrupted in the same way. Boot
from the OD, copy an uncorrupted version of the kernel to the hard
disk, and remove the execute bits from sdmach.

9.7 Modem hangs under NS2.0 by incoming calls

modem calls, incoming

There is a bug in the serial driver which causes getty to get stuck.
The situation arises after a successful uucico connection, subsequent
connections via modem will get a connection with the modem, but no
login prompt.

This is caused by getty hanging. A simple work around is to have a

process run in cron to reset the getty every 15 minutes:

#! /bin/sh -u
PIDS=`ps -ax | bm getty | grep -v bm | awk '{print $1}'`
kill -TERM $PIDS

Of course trying to connect when the script is running will not allow
you to connect, try again a minute later. This fix will not affect
on-going UUCP or interactive connections. This will probably be fixed
in the next kernel release.

This bug is corrected in NEXTSTEP 2.1 and later releases.

9.8 NS2.0 doesn't recognize /LocalApps path

/LocalApps, NS2.0

Workspace has its own internal application path. In 2.0 /LocalApps was
omitted. Improv needs to have /LocalApps in the Workspace path if you
have Improve installed in /LocalApps. The work around in 2.0 only is:
 dwrite Workspace ApplicationPaths "~/Apps:/LocalApps:/NextApps: \
/NextDeveloper/Apps:/NextAdmin:/NextDeveloper/Demos"

This bug is corrected in NEXTSTEP 2.1 and later releases.

_________________________________________________________________

This document was converted from LaTeX using Karl Ewald's latex2html.