LOAN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT (LGI Monitoring)

Abstract
Project Title:
“LGI Monitoring System”
Project Description:
The project is windows based one. The main idea of this project is to handle
the all details of Loans, Grants-in-Aid and Investments. The project has been
developed to smoothen the processing of Loans and Grants-in-Aid cases in the
Ministry of Finance. The purpose of the project is computerized processing of
cases in systematic manner from filling of sanctions details and their report
generation for RBI (New Delhi and CAS Nagpur). Managing hundreds of
thousands of LGI records is many a times a forgetful and haphazard process. Also
maintaining the LGI details histories and previous records of various cases on
paper or traditional diaries is incompatible with this age of machines and
computers.
This software will enable an individual person who is authorized to keep track
all the information which is filled. This software is passed through from three
phases. In this software first DH level user will fill the sanctions details and then
it will be pass to AAO for the further modification and for the security purpose.
After AAO level these details will passed to PAO level for the further
modifications. When these details will be passed through then the report will be
generated and this report will be passed to RBI. This software system will help in
automating all the processes like filling of Loans, Grants and Investments details
or application will now be computerized.
Hardware Specification: Pentium IV Processor, 256 MB RAM, 20 GB HDD

Operating System: Windows XP
Tools and Technology Used: Vb.Net 8.0 and Crystal Reports, SQL Server2000
Keywords: LGI System, DH, AAO, PAO, Vb.Net Forms and Reports
NIC Division Allotted: Finance Information System
Student Trainee: Vishu Muthreja (ID. No. 10030) (July, 07 – Dec, 07)
INDEX
SNO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Set Up 3
1.3 Evolution And Aim of NIC 3
1.4 Principle Objectives of NIC 3
1.5 Services 4
1.6 Projects (National Level) 4
2. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT 6
2.1 Project Objectives 7
2.2 Project Purpose 7
2.3 Project Scope 7
2.4 Project Benefits 8
2.5 Project Lifecycle 9
2.6 Project Limitation 10
3. COMPONENT ASSIGNED 11
3.1 Existing System 12
3.1.1 Limitation of Manual System 12
3.2 Proposed System 12
3.2.1 Benefits of Proposed System 13
3.3 Functionality of Computerization Process 14
4. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFECYCLE 17

3.1 Introduction 18
3.2 SDLC Models 18
3.3 Our Project Need 18
3.4 Waterfall Model 19
5. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS 20
5.1 Analysis Studies 21
5.2 User Requirements 21
5.2.1 Preliminary Studies 22
5.2.2 Analysis of Existing System 22
5.3 System Requirement 23
5.3.1 Review of Org. Documents 23
5.3.2 Onsite Observation 23
5.3.3 Conducting Interviews 24
5.4 Hardware/Software Requirements 24
5.5 Feasibility Study 25
Technical, Economic and Operational 26
5.5 Software Requirement Specifications 27
6. SYSTEM DESIGN 28
6.1 Data Flow Diagram 29
6.2 Database Design 43
6.3 Entity Relationship Diagram 59
7. IMPLEMENTATION 63
7.1 Operating System 64
7.2 Languages 65
 Visual Basic.Net 65
 Features of SQL Server 2000 69
8. TESTING 73
8.1 System Testing/Debugging 74
8.2 Types of Testing 75
8.3 Types of error encountered by tester 75
8.4 Validation Checks 76
8.4.1 Client Validation 76
8.4.2 Server Validation 77
8.5 Test Schedule 77
8.5.1 Testing Methodology 78
8.5.2 Generic (Component) Testing 78
8.5.3 Data Testing 78
8.5.4 Installation Testing 78
8.5.5 Boundary & Condition Testing 79
8.6 Test Plan 81
9. MAINTENANCE 88
9.1 Definition 89
9.2 Categories 89
9.2.1 Corrective Maintenance 89
9.2.2 Adaptive Maintenance 89
9.2.3 Perfective Maintenance 89
9.3 Process 90
9.4 Models 90
9.4.1 Boehms Model 90
10. SCREEN SHOTS AND DESCRIPTION 92

10.1 Screen Shots 93
11. RESULT AND CONCLUSION 120
12. REFERENCES 122

Chapter- 1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.Introduction
National Informatics Centre (NIC) is a premier Information Technology

Organization in India committed to providing state-of-the-art solutions for the IT
needs of the government of India at all levels. NIC caries the distinction of being the
largest IT organization in the country and has setup a satellite based nationwide
computer communication network, called NICNET with over 1400 nodes connecting
the National Capital, the State Capital and District headquarters to one another.
The IT services of NIC ranges from Consultancy, Software Design and

Development, Office Automation and Networking Services to Training, Video
Conferencing, CAD, E-Commerce, Multimedia and Internet Services including Web-
Site Development and Hosting. NIC has a nationwide presence, with its offices
spread all across the country, from Leh to Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
 Some system presently used in different department:

 Agrictural Marketing Information Network (AGMARKNET)
 Central Passport System
 Community Information Centers (CICs)
 Computerized Rural Information Systems Project (CRISP)
 Court Information System (COURTIS)
 Department of Agriculture Network (DACNET)
 Examination Results Portal
 India Image
 Land Records Information System (LRIS)
 National Hazardous Waste Information System (NHWIS)
 Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (PGRAMS)
 Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)
 Training & Video Conferencing
1.2. Profile
The organizational set up of NIC encompasses its Headquarters at New Delhi,

State Units in all the 28 State capitals and 7 Union Territory Headquarters and
District centers in almost all the Districts of India. The Organization employs a
large pool of efficient technical manpower.
At the NIC Headquarters, a large number of Application Divisions exist which

provide total Informatics Support to the Ministries and Departments of the Central
Government. NIC computer cells are located in almost all the Ministry Bhawans of
the Central Government and Apex Offices including the Prime Minister’s Office,
the Rashtrapati Bhawan and the Parliament House.
1.3. Evolution and Aim of NIC
National Informatics Centre was set up in March 1975 by the Government of

India to play a promotional role in creating awareness and for developing and
implementing computer based information systems for decision support in the
ministries and departments of the Central Government. The last decade has
witnessed NIC emerge as an agent of change which has quietly changed the work
culture and the process of decision making information, has led to gradual but
qualitative transformation of the workplace.
1.4. Principle Objective of NIC

 Development of computerized information systems in various sectors of the
economy for planning, project monitoring and division support.
 Promotion of information culture at District, State and Nation level.

 Improvement of the analytical capability and presentation of information utilized
for Central, state and district level planning
 Development of modeling, forecasting and simulation techniques that is required
for planning and decision support
 Establishment of a computer-communication network for insuring ready access of
information across the nation and enabling optimal use of resources
 Provide gateways for accessing international databases for those working in
districts, states and center
1.5. Services
NIC is providing various services through NICNET to the Central Government,

State Government as well as Public sectors. Some users from the Government and
all the users of Public Sector using NICNET services are to be paid the connectivity
charges of the respective services provided to them. The services that are currently
active under this category can be listed below -:
 Software Design and Development

 Networking (NICNET SERVICES)
 Internet Services
 WWW Services
 Email, Dial-Up and ISDN Line
 SCPC Vsat
 RF-Link
 FTDMA Vsat
1.6. PROJECTS (NATIONAL LEVEL)
NIC has conceptualized, developed and implemented a very large number of projects for
various Central and State Government Ministries, Departments and Organizations. Many
of these projects are continuing projects being carried out by various divisions of NIC at
New Delhi Headquarters and State/District centers throughout the country. We present
here some of the most noteworthy projects to offer the viewers/citizens a glimpse of the
multifaceted, diverse activities of NIC, touching upon all spheres of e-governance and
thereby influencing the lives of millions of citizens of India.
 Agricultural Marketing Information Network (AGMARKNET)
 Central Passport System
 Community Information Centres (CICs)
 Computerized Rural Information Systems Project (CRISP)
 Court Information System (COURTIS)
 Department of Agriculture Network (DACNET)
 Examination Results
 India Image
 Land Records Information System (LRIS)
 National Hazardous Waste Information System (NHWIS)
 Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (PGRAMS)
 Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)
 Training
 Video Conferencing
Chapter- 2
2. Introduction of the Project
2.1. Project Objective
 Elimination of Human errors in processes.

 Increase the reporting and querying capabilities.
 Effective monitoring of Budget Vs Expenditure.
 Generation of inputs in compatible form for CONTACT (ORA).
 Integration with PAO-2000 software.
 Centralized database for storing and monitoring of loans, grants-in-aid and
investments to State Governments/UTs.
 Historical Data Maintenance.
2.2. Project Purpose
The main purpose of this project is to give all details about the Loans, Grants and
Investments who has done by the Central Government to the State Governments and
Union Territories. In this project three types of users are provided for authentication. This
project will also maintain the Data Security and Integrity through the software.
2.3. Project Scope

The PAO attached to the Principal Accounts Office is responsible for the disbursement of
such Loans, Grant-in-aid and Investment to the State Governments / UTs. He has to
perform a varied number of accounting functions / tasks. The sanctions for loans, grants-
in-aid and investments are issued to him from the Department of Economic Affairs:
(Budget Division, NS-II Section, FCD, PF-I). The major accounting tasks to be
performed thereon are:
1) Check of Sanctions with respect to availability of funds.
2) Advice preparation which is sent to RBI for payment to State Governments/ UTs.
3) Receipt of clearance Memo from RBI.
4) Preparation of Repayment schedule for State Governments/UTs.
5) Receipt of State/UT Accountant General Advice indicating repayments.
6) Challan preparation for repayments received from Sikkim, Jammu & Kashmir and
Union Territories (with legislature).
7) Accounting Adjustment through Transfer Entry (after advice generation, receipt of
clearance memo and Advice from State Governments/UTs).
8) Maintenance of important registers and broadsheets viz. Inter-Government Advice
register, Repayment and Payment Broadsheets, Loan register, etc.
The present software will be a module of PAO-2000 working at different Pay and
Accounts Offices. Hence the accounting adjustments made through Transfer Entries will
be automatically reflected in the consolidated monthly accounts booklet for CONTACT-
ORA software.
2.4. Project Benefits
 Capture of sanctions at the origin thereby validation of data at the lowest

level.
 Effective monitoring of Budget Vs Expenditure.
 A reduction in data entry efforts.
 Speedy and accurate reporting of accounts pertaining to Loans, Grant-in-aid
and Investment.
 Elimination of Human errors in processes.
 Improve efficiency, performance and facilitate decision making process.
 Speed up information flow State Governments and the Department of
Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance.
 Provide accurate and fast calculation of loan breakups, viz. calculation of
yearly and monthly repayment schedules.
 GUI based software for better user interface and adaptability.
 Provide different access levels on the basis of post to enhance security of the
system.
 Historical Data Maintenance
2.5. Project Lifecycle

Project Initiation and
Planning
Requirement Analysis
System Designing
Coding
Testing
Implementation
Maintenance
Project Delivery
2.6. Project Limitation
 Documentation: It is time consuming and requires expertise in creating good

documentation from view point of top administrators users
 Manuals: Various manuals are to be prepared such as user manuals, system
manuals etc. It needs time, human labor and are subject to change drastically as
the technology changes
 Online Help: One needs to provide online help to various users so that all the
features of the software can be properly understood by the user
Chapter- 3
3. Component Assigned
3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM
At present the finance division does not have any automated system to manage the data
of Loans, Grants and Investments. They have to rely on manual system which is time
consuming.
They have to create and maintain all the data masters for loans, grants and investments
and any addition, deletion or modification to any data or retrieval of data requires lot of
time and effort.
Apart from administrative task being cumbersome, manual system of registration is also
long and error-prone.
In the manual handling of data filled by dealing hand users, administration has to keep
the forms in order and check manually all the fields filled by the users to ensure that each
field is correctly entered. It is tedious process as one has to inform the users to fill the
correct information. There is no provision to prevent incorrect data entry in form and the
data masters.
3.1.1 Limitations of the Manual System:

 Slow Speed and very time consuming.
 No efficient method for searching the record of the particular state.
 Storage of bulky files is a problem.
 Maintenance and updating data is difficult.
3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

After studying the existing manual system, the need for a change was recognized and
system development life cycle initiated. We proposed a new system in which all the
details of states are handled by a computerized system rather than a manual system.
The DH (Dealing Hand) users fills all the data entries in the forms, which will be further
verify by the second hand user which is AAO. The DH user would access LGI
StateGovt/UT modules, Data entry modules. The AAO users would access to the LGI
StateGovt/UT modules, User master, Data entry modules. The DH users enters the data
as per requirement which is further send to the AAO. The AAO level user verify all the
data which is send by the DH user. If everything will ok then AAO sends this data to
PAO level. If everything is not ok then AAO level sends back all the information to the
DH user. The PAO level further would access to all the master modules, all report
modules of the system and would be able to access information about any user accounts.
He/She can set the accessibility permissions for different master, reports, budget,
windows, and LGI StateGovt/UT modules.
All the entries and storage of data will be done into computer based records and there will
be no need to maintain larger bulkier files for participant records and administrative
work. The main objective of the proposed system is that users can fill the forms easily
and any work of maintaining data can be done on the click of a few buttons rather than
going through a number of files.
For security purpose, proper username/password would be provided to PAO modules.

Data in masters could be accessed and manipulated by authorized users only.
For speeding up the search process, various reports will be generated for the
administrative user.
3.2.1 Benefits of the Proposed System:

How the PROPOSED system is better than the EXISTING system
 User Friendly System: Filling the information about states loans, grants and
investments form manually takes more time and is more prone to incorrect
entries, while filling the form online is much easier. Also the users can view and
get the printed copy of the data filled by him. Modification of data filled by a
user is also much easier and takes much less time.
Also the administrative work is made very easy. The storage, retrieval and
maintenance of data in database are much easier. In the automated system, it is
very easy for the administrative user to search for any kind of information as
various reports will been generated.
 Complete Security of Data: Data in masters can be accessed and manipulated
by authorized users only. Proper username/password has been provided to
administrative modules for security purpose.
 Faster response: Filling the information form about states online takes very
less time than filling it manually. Also the work of maintaining data can be done
on the click of a few buttons rather than going through a number of files.
 Data integrity: Constraints have been enforced in the proposed system. The
codes are automatically generated by the system.
This system would result in: -

 Highly sophisticated technology.
 Fast search and retrieval of information.
 Presentation of the information in the desired form.
 Maintenance of fast up to date reliable information.
 Storage, retrieval and maintenance of data in database efficiently.
 Increased Security.
3.3 Functionalities of the Computerization process.

The following aspects have been proposed to be brought under the purview of the
computerization process.
3.3.1 Loan Management for State Government/Union Territories.

 Receipt of Sanctions.
 Check availability of funds
 Issue of Advices to RBI, Nagpur for payment to State Governments/ UTs.
 Preparation of Repayment schedule for State Governments/UTs.
 Receipt of clearance Memo from RBI.
 Receipt of State/UT Accountant General Advice indicating repayments.
 Challan preparation for repayments received from Sikkim, Jammu &
Kashmir and Union Territories (with legislature).
 Accounting Adjustment through Transfer Entry (after advice generation,
receipt of clearance memo and Advice from State Governments/UTs).
 Updation of Loan Registers, Repayment and Payment broadsheet, etc.
3.3.2 Grants-in-aid Management for State Government/Union

Territories.
 Check availability of funds
 Calculation of Recovery of default against Central Dues from repayment
schedule.
 Issue of Advices to RBI, Nagpur for payment to State Governments/ UTs
with the recoveries made (if any).
receipt of clearance memo).
 Updation of Grant-in-aid Registers Payment broadsheet, etc.
3.3.3 Investments Management for State Government/Union

Territories.
 Payment made from the Public Account hence , the check of ‘availability
of funds’ not required
 Issue of Advices to RBI, Nagpur for investment in State Governments/
UTs securities.
 Receipt of ‘Invest Recover Advice’ ‘indicating repayments.
 Challan preparation for repayments received from Sikkim, Jammu &
Kashmir and Union Territories (with legislature).
receipt of clearance memo and Advice from State Governments/UTs
except for the Challan prepared in case of Sikkim , J&K).
 Updation of Repayment and Payment broadsheet.
Chapter- 4
4. System Development Life Cycle
4.1. Introduction to SDLC

The traditional development methodology called Systems Development Lifecycle
(SDLC) consists of a set of development activities that have a prescribed order. Once a
problem for the existing Loan, Grant-In-Aid & Investment Software is recognized, a
request for developing a new system is forwarded for approval. Problem in the existing
Loans, Grants-in-Aid & Investment System is that it may involve manual work or is
more prone to frequent crashes. It is now that our software comes into picture. If
approved, a study is conducted to ensure that the proposed System is feasible. If feasible,
the System Requirements are specified followed by phases of System design, System
implementation, Testing, Conversion and Evaluation. A recycling of development
activities may occur following System evaluation if System still requires modification or
redevelopment. The term “Development Cycle” is used to acknowledge the importance
of recycling in meeting information needs.
4.2. SDLC Models
The following 4 Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is used:
 Prototyping Model
 Waterfall Model
 Incremental Model
 Evolutionary Model
4.3. Our Project Need
According to our project requirements, we are going to use the Waterfall Model to
develop our software.
Through this model we would be able to produce well-documented maintainable software
in a manner that is very predictable and easy to understand.
We are using this model because it reinforces the notion of “Define before Design” and
“Design before Code” making it systematic approach.
4.4. Waterfall Model

This is the most familiar model and consists of five phases given below –
Requirement Analysis and Specification
Design
Implementation and Unit Testing
Operation and Maintenance
The phases always occur in this order and sequence. They must not overlap with one
another. The developer must complete each phase before starting with the next one.
It is called Waterfall model because its diagrammatic representation is similar to cascades
of waterfall.
WATERFALL MODEL
Requiremen
t Analysis &
Specificatio
Design
Implementation & Unit

Testing
Integration & System Testing
Operation and
Maintenance
Chapter- 5
5. Requirement Analysis
5.1. Analysis Study

System Analysis is a management technique, which helps us in designing a new system
or improving an existing system.
An integrated LGI system is almost a necessity in Finance Ministry. Considerable

economies are achieved if all parts of operations are consolidated within one software
system so that:
 Manual files are not needed

 Communication between different departments is facilitated through an
integrated database
 Functionality is improved
 Control is facilitated
Analysis study is presented in the form of Software Requirement Specification. Review

of SRS is conducted to determine the suitability and the adequacy of the software
requirement. The review addresses the following questions/issues:
 Are the requirements appropriate to the user needs or project objectives?

 Are the requirements complete?
 Are the requirements defined unambiguously?
 Are the requirements self-consistent?
 Is every requirement testable?
5.2. User Requirements

One must know what the problem is before it can be solved. General approaches for
determining user requirements are:
 Preliminary investigation – asking general questions
 Analysis of existing system – getting information from existing system
5.2.1. Preliminary Investigation

For this, the need arises to understand the viewpoint of two important entities-:
Top management
Users
In order to gather pertinent information, I interviewed the Top Management and asked
the following questions:
 How the present system works and what are its drawbacks?
 What is their vision about the new system and what new facilities they want
from the new system?
 How will data flow in the system?
 Who will be authenticated to access data and his/her access rights?
To find more about present system’s working mechanism such as the ways of getting
inputs and providing outputs, I interviewed the Current Users of the system by asking
following question:
 Are they comfortable with the present system and flaws exist in it?
 Do they feel the necessity of new system?
 What will be their requirements from new system?
 Are they satisfied with their role in new system?
After carrying out these interviews, I drew conclusion about the Top Management’s
requirements and Users are in support of the new system.
5.2.2. Analysis of Existing System

The existing version of this software was developed in VB and released during
2004-2005 NIC Head Quarters under the supervision of Mr. Nagesh Shastri designed
this version.
This version of LGI software consists of various modules such as:
 New entry
 Modification
 Deletion
 Reports
5.3. System Requirement
The techniques which were used to collect data in order to determine the system
requirements:
 Reviewing organization documents

 Onsite observations
 Conducting interviews
5.3.1. Reviewing Organization Documents
I first learnt about the organization involved in the project, I then, got to know how the
department works and the employees were directly involved with the application. Annual
manuals and reports were of great help to me.
5.3.2. Onsite Observations
It is a process of recognizing and observing people, objects and their occurrence to

obtain the information. The major objective of the Onsite Observation is to get as close as
possible to real system being studied.
Here, I observed the activities of the system directly. I saw the office environment,
workload on the system and on the users. The physical layout of the current system along
with the location and movement of staff was analyzed. In this way, the information about
the present workflow, objects and people was gathered.
This helped me to understand various procedures & processes, which were to be
developed in the new system.
5.3.3 Conducting Interviews
Written documents and onsite observation just tell that how the system should operate.
They do not include enough details to allow a decision to be made about the merits of
system proposal and do not present the user views about the current system.
I conducted interviews of the staff, which were directly involved with the application.
Also the regular users of the application were interviewed. Based on their viewpoints,
crystal clear system requirements were jolted down.
5.4. Hardware/ Software Requirement
Hardware Interface:
Server Machine:
Minimum p-3, 256 MB RAM, 40 GB Hard Disk
Client Machine:
Minimum p-3, 256 MB RAM, 20 GB Hard Disk
Printer:
132 columns High Speed Dot Matrix Printer with local language support
Communication Interface
The software may either be installed on a client/server-based setup with a Local Area
Network (using the Ethernet interface, one to one connection & TCP/IP protocols) or on a
stand-alone machine whereby client and server components reside on the same machine.
A printer shall be used frequently. For this purpose, Dot Matrix printer is the minimum
requirement. A line printer should prove to be more efficient.
Authenticated Reports can be generated using a Laser Printer. The software shall be
independent of printer type. However dot matrix printer shall provide reports.
Software Requirements
 Windows OS: Version 2000 and above; Source: Microsoft for Server
 Windows OS: Version 2000 or XP; Source: Microsoft for Client
 VB.NET: Version 8.0 and above; Source: Microsoft
 SQL Servers: Version 2000 and above; Source: Microsoft
5.5. Feasibility Study
Feasibility Study is the test of the system proposal according to its workability, impact on
the current system, ability to meet the needs of the current users and effective use of the
resources.
Its main objective is not to solve the problem, but to acquire its scope. It focuses on
following:
 Meet user requirements

 Best utilization of available resources
 Develop a cost effective system
Develop a technically feasible system
There are three aspects in the feasibility study:

 Technical Feasibility
 Economical Feasibility
 Operational Feasibility
Technical Feasibility:
Issues to be studied are, whether the work for the project will be done with current
equipment, existing S/W technology and available personnel? If the new technology is
required, then what is the likelihood that it can be developed?
This LGI software is technically feasible. The primary technical requirement includes
the availability of Windows 2000 or higher version of operating systems installed in the
network. SQL Server is also required which was already installed. To develop programs
VB.NET 8.0 was required which was also available. Reliability, access power and data
security was also available. Thus, through all the ends technical feasibility was met.
Economical Feasibility:
Issues to be studied are, whether the new system is cost effective or not? The benefits in
the form of reduced cost?
This LGI software is economically feasible. As the hardware was installed from quite
beginning, the cost on project of hardware is low. Similarly, the software loaded for this
project was used for many other applications. The software cost was under budget. As
student trainees were developing the application, there were no major personnel costs
associated. Moreover, the technical requirements were already available so there was no
further expenditure for buying software packages.
Operational Feasibility:
Issues to be studied are, is there sufficient support for management and users? Is the
current method acceptable to users? Will the proposed system cause any harm?
This LGI software is operationally feasible. This application provides the necessary
information to the user such as how to enter the information regarding different
operations performed on the database. The application was planned in such a way that no
prior knowledge was required to go through the various operations. The user just needed
to have the basic knowledge of computers.
5.6. Software Requirements Specification

Among all the documents produced during a software development life cycle, writing
the SRS document is probably the toughest. One reason behind this difficulty is that
the SRS document is expected to cater to the needs of a wide variety of audience.
Different people need the SRS document for very different purposes. Some of the
important categories of users of the SRS document and their needs are as follows:
 Users, customers and marketing personnel.

 Software developers.
 Test engineers.
 User documentation writers.
 Project managers.
 Maintenance engineers
Characteristics of a Good SRS Document

Some of the identified desirable qualities of the SRS documents are following:-
Concise: The SRS document should be concise and at the same time unambiguous.
Structured: The SRS document should be well structured.
Black-box view: It should only specify what the system should do and refrain from
stating how to do.
Conceptual integrity: The SRS document should exhibit conceptual integrity so that
the reader can easily understand the contents.
Response to undesired events: The document should characterize acceptable
responses to undesired events.
Verifiable: All requirements of the system as documented in SRS document should
be verifiable. This means that it should be possible to determine whether or not
requirements have been met in an implementation.
Chapter- 6
6 System Design
6.1. DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS:
The Technique of Data flow diagramming
This section describes in detail the data flow diagramming technique. It is intended to
serve as a handbook to guide the reader in developing data flow diagramming skills.
Definition:
Data Flow Diagramming is a means of representing a system at any level of detail with a
graphic network of symbols showing data flows, data stores, data processes, and data
sources/destinations.
Purpose/Objective:
The purpose of data flow diagrams is to provide a semantic bridge between users and
system developers.
The diagrams are:

 Graphical, eliminating thousands of words;
 Logical representations, modeling WHAT a system does, rather than physical
models showing HOW it does it;
 Hierarchical, showing systems at any level of detail; and Jargon less, allowing
user understanding and reviewing.
The goal of data flow diagramming is to have a commonly understood model of a
system. The diagrams are the basis of structured systems analysis. Data flow
diagrams are supported by other techniques of structured systems analysis such as
data structure diagrams, data dictionaries, and procedure-representing techniques such
as decision tables, decision trees, and structured English.
The objective of Data flow diagrams is avoiding the cost of user/developer
misunderstanding of a system, resulting in a need to redo systems or in not using the
system.
Having to start documentation from scratch when the physical system changes since
the logical system, WHAT gets done, often remains the same when technology
changes.
It helps in removing inefficiencies of system because a system gets "computerized"
before it gets "systematized". Also helps enabling to evaluate system project
boundaries or degree of automation, resulting in a project of inappropriate scope.
DFD Symbols:
In the DFD, there are four symbols shown in figure below:

1) A Square defines a source (originator) or destination of data pipeline
through which information flows.
2) An Arrow identifies data flow data in motion. It is a pipeline through which

information flows.
3) A Circle or a "bubble" (some people use an oval bubble) represents a process that
transforms incoming data flow into outgoing data flow.
4) An Open rectangle is a data store - data at rest, or a temporary repository of data.
Basic Symbols and their Meaning
Process Notations
Data Store Notations
External Entity Notations
Data flow Notations
CONTEXT LEVEL DFD

Budget Division, Ministry of
Budget Division, Ministry of
NS-II Section, Finance
NS-II Section, Finance
FCD, PF-I Division
FCD, PF-I Division
Reports,
Reports,
Registers,
Registers,
Broadsheets, Ministry of
Broadsheets, Ministry of
Ministry of Adhoc Queries Finance
Ministry of Sanctions Adhoc Queries Finance
Finance Sanctions
Finance
Budget Estimate
Budget Budget Estimate
Budget
Es
Es
RBI (CAS)
Advice RBI (CAS)
Advice Nagpur
LOAN,GRANT
LOAN, GRANT&& Letters Nagpur
Letters
INVESTMENTS
INVESTMENTS
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
SOFTWAREFOR
SOFTWARE FOR
THEMINISTRY
THE MINISTRYOF
OF
Clearance
Clearance
Memorandum FINANCE
FINANCE
Memorandum
RBI (CAS)
RBI (CAS)
Nagpur
Nagpur Advice of Repayment
Advice of Repayment
Repayment Schedule
Repayment Schedule
Details
Details
Account
Account Account
Account General
General General
General (State Govts.)
(State Govts.) (State Govts.)
(State Govts.)
CONTEXT
CONTEXT DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM OF
OF LOAN,
LOAN, GRANT
GRANT && INVESTMENTS
INVESTMENTS
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE FOR
FOR THE
THE MINISTRY
MINISTRY OFOF FINANCE
FINANCE
Budget Division,
Budget Division,
NS-II Section, FCD,
NS-II Section, FCD,
PF-I Division of
PF-I Division of
Ministry
Ministry
Sanctions
Sanctions
11
PAO
PAO
Investment
Loan Details Investment
Loan Details Details
Details
Grant Details
Grant Details
1.1
1.1 1.3
1.3
LOAN
LOAN INVES
INVES
1.2
1.2 TT ––
GRANT
GRANT MENT
MENT
Sanction Details
Sanction Details Sanction Details
Sanction Details
Sanction Details
Sanction Details
Budget Master
Budget Master
Budget Scrutiny
Scrutiny
Budget
Provision / of
of
Provision /
Budget Balance Sanction
Sanction
Budget Balance
ss
Payment Details
Payment Details RBI (CAS)
Advices RBI (CAS)
Nagpur
Advices Nagpur
Paymen Clearance
Paymen Clearance
tt Memorandum
Memorandum
Process
Process
DATA
DATA FLOW
FLOW DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM for
for SANCTIONS
SANCTIONS
OF
OF LOAN, GRANT & INVESTMENTS MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
LOAN, GRANT & INVESTMENTS MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
FOR
FOR THE
THE MINISTRY
MINISTRY OF
OF FINANCE
FINANCE
Budget Division, Loan Register
Budget Division, LOANS
LOANS Details Loan Register
NS-II Section, FCD, Details
NS-II Section, FCD, Proces
PF-I Division of Proces
PF-I Division of ss
Ministry
Ministry
Details
Details
Sanctions Sanction & Loan details Installment &
Sanctions Sanction & Loan details Installment &
Interest details
Instal Interest details
Instal
PA
PA l-l-
ment
OO
Loan Details ment
Loan Details
Loan Heads & Amount
Loan Heads & Amount
Scrutin Paymen
Paymen
Scrutin
y of tt
y of
Loans Process
Process
Loans
RBI (CAS)
Advice Amount & Heads RBI (CAS)
Advice Amount & Heads Nagpur
Nagpur
Advice
Advice
Budget
Budget
Provision / Advic
Advic
Provision /
Budget Balance ee
Budget Balance
Gener
Gener
a-tion
a-tion Clearance
Details Clearance
Details Memorandum
Budget Master Memorandum
Budget Master
Suspense
I.G.A. Suspense
Booking
I.G.A. Booking
Register
Register
Suspense
Account
Account Suspense
Clearance
ss Adjust-
Adjust- Clearance
ment
ment
DATA
DATA FLOW
FLOW DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM for
for LOANS
LOANS (PAYMENT)
(PAYMENT)
OF
OF LOAN,
LOAN, GRANT
GRANT &
& INVESTMENTS
INVESTMENTS MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
FOR THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE
Loan Register
Loan Register
Re-payment
Re-payment Re-payment
details Re-payment
details Schedule
Schedule
Re-
Re-
paymen
paymen
tt
Process
Process Clearance
Clearance
Memorandum RBI (CAS)
(Details) Nagpur
(Details) Nagpur
State A.G. Advice (Amount & Clearance

Heads details ) Memorandum
(Suspense
(Suspense
booking )
booking )
Account
Account
General
General
(State Govts.)
(State Govts.)
State A.G. Advice
State A.G. Advice
(Suspense clearance)
Account
Account
ss Adjust-
Adjust-
ment
ment
DATA
DATA FLOW
FLOW DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM for
for LOANS
LOANS (Re-payments)
(Re-payments)
OF
OF LOAN,
LOAN, GRANT
GRANT &
& INVESTMENTS
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
Budget Division, Grant-in-aid
Budget Division, Grant-in-aid
NS-II Section, FCD, Register
PF-I Division of
PF-I Division of
Ministry
Ministry
Grant details
Grant details
Sanctions
Sanctions
PA
PA
OO Grant Details
Grant Details
Grant Heads & Amount
Grant Heads & Amount
Scrutin
Scrutin Paymen
Paymen
y of
y of tt
Grants Process
Grants Process Advice Amount &
Advice Amount &
Heads
Heads
Advice RBI (CAS)

Advice RBI (CAS)
Nagpur
Advic
Advic Nagpur
Budget
Budget ee
Provision /
Provision / Gener
Gener
Budget Balance
Budget Balance a-tion
a-tion Details
Details
Budget Master Suspense I.G.A.

Booking Register
Booking Register
Clearance
Clearance
Account
Account Memorandum
Memorandum
ss Adjust-
Adjust-
ment
ment (Suspense
(Suspense
Clearance)
Clearance)
DATA
DATA FLOW
FLOW DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM for
for Grant–in–aids
Grant–in–aids
OF
OF LOAN,
LOAN, GRANT
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
Budget Division, Investment
Budget Division, Investment
PF-I Division of
PF-I Division of
Ministry
Ministry
Investment
Investment
Sanctions details
Sanctions details
PA
PA
Investment Heads & Amount
OO Investment Details
Investment Heads & Amount Investment Details
Scrutin
Scrutin Paymen
Paymen
y of
y of tt
Grants Process
Grants Process Advice Amount &
Advice Amount &
Heads
Heads
Advice RBI (CAS)

Advice RBI (CAS)
Nagpur
Advic
Advic Nagpur
Budget
Budget ee
Provision /
Provision / Gener
Gener
Budget Balance
Budget Balance a-tion
a-tion Details
Details

Booking Register
Booking Register
Clearance
Clearance
Account
Account Memorandum
Memorandum
ss Adjust-
Adjust-
ment
ment (Suspense
(Suspense
Clearance)
Clearance)
DATA
DATA FLOW
FLOW DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM for
for INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT (( Payment
Payment)
P
Payment))
ayment)
OF
OF LOAN,
LOAN, GRANT
GRANT &
& INVESTMENTS
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
Investment Register
Investment Register
Re-payment
Re-payment
details Re-payment
details Re-payment
Schedule
Schedule
Re-
Re-
paymen
paymen
tt
Process
Process Clearance
Clearance
(Details) Nagpur
(Details) Nagpur

(Suspense
(Suspense
booking )
booking )
Account
Account
General
General
(State Govts.)
(State Govts.)
State A.G. Advice
State A.G. Advice
Account
Account
ss Adjust-
Adjust-
ment
ment
DATA
DATA FLOW
FLOW DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM for
for INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT (Re-payments)
(Re-payments)
OF
OF LOAN,
LOAN, GRANT
GRANT &
& INVESTMENTS
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
No.
No.
Date
Date
Letter No.
Letter No.
Subject
Subject
Issuing Master Type (Grant/Loan/Invest.)
Issuing Master Type (Grant/Loan/Invest.)
Received From
Received From
Amount
Amount
Financial year
Financial year
For Loans
For Loans
Rate of Interest
Rate of Interest
Period
Period
Sanctio No. of Annual Instt.
Sanctio No. of Annual Instt.
n Grace Period
n Grace Period
Moratorium Period
Moratorium Period
No. of Monthly Instt.
No. of Monthly Instt.
Penal Interest rate
Penal Interest rate
Sanction
Sanction
Details. State Master
Details. State Master
Accounting Heads
Accounting Heads
State Gov./UTs
State Gov./UTs
Breakup amount
Breakup amount Loan/Grant/Invest.
Loan/Grant/Invest.
Master
Master
DATA
DATA FLOW
FLOW DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM for
for SANCTIONS
SANCTIONS
OF
OF LOAN,
LOAN, GRANT
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
3 - level Checking IGA No.
3 - level Checking IGA No.
(DH , AAO , PAO) Date
Ministry Code From RBI
To
To
Letter No.
Letter No.
Type (Grant/Loan/Invest.)
Type (Grant/Loan/Invest.)
Amount
Ministry Code From RBI Amount
Ministry Code From RBI Financial year
Financial year
Budget I.G.A. Register (CAM -28)

Budget Advice I.G.A. Register (CAM -28)
Provision / Advice
Provision /
Budget Balance
Budget Balance
Budget Master
Budget Master
Recovery of Accounting Heads

Recovery of Accounting Heads
default State Gov./UTs
Advice Details. default State Gov./UTs
against Breakup amount
Advice Details. against Breakup amount
Central Dues.
Central Dues.
Loan / Invest.
Sanction Loan / Invest.
Accounting Heads Sanction Register
Accounting Heads Details Register
State Gov./UTs Details
State Gov./UTs
Breakup amount
Breakup amount
TE Posting
State Master TE Posting
State Master ( Db/ -Cr a/c Heads Re-payment
( Db/ -Cr a/c Heads Re-payment
Cr RB suspense ) Schedule
Cr RB suspense ) Schedule
Loan/Grant/Invest.
Loan/Grant/Invest.
Master
Master
DATA
DATA FLOW
FLOW DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM for
for ADVICE
ADVICE (( from
from MINISTRY
MINISTRY ))
OF
OF LOAN,
LOAN, GRANT
GRANT &
& INVESTMENTS
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
3 - level Checking No.
Amount
Amount
Financial year
Ministry Code Financial year
Ministry Code
From RBI
From RBI
Advice No.
Advice No.
Advice Date
Advice Date
Advisor Code
Advisor Code
Amount ( Db/Cr )
Amount ( Db/Cr )
Clearanc Clearance Memo Register

Clearanc Clearance Memo Register
Advice Details. e (CAM -17-A)
Advice Details. e (CAM -17-A)
Memoran
Memoran
-dum
-dum
Ministry Code
Ministry Code
From RBI
From RBI
Advice Master
Advice Master
Recovery at source of
Payment To Re-payment From Recovery at source of
State Master Payment To Re-payment From default against Central
State Master State Govts. State Govts. default against Central
State Govts. State Govts. Dues of state Govts.
Dues of state Govts.
TE Posting
TE Posting
( Db/-Cr RB Deposit
( Db/-Cr RB Deposit
Cr RB Suspense)
Cr RB Suspense)
TE Posting
TE Posting TE Posting
( -Cr RB suspense TE Posting
( -Cr RB suspense ( Db/-Cr RB Deposit
Cr RB Deposit ) ( Db/-Cr RB Deposit
Cr RB Deposit ) Cr a/c Heads )
Cr a/c Heads )
Account
Account
ss Adjust-
Adjust-
ment
ment
DATA
DATA FLOW
FLOW DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM for
for CLEARANCE
CLEARANCE MEMORANDUM
MEMORANDUM
OF
OF LOAN,
LOAN, GRANT
GRANT &
& INVESTMENTS
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
From
From
Month
Month
Amount
Amount
Financial year
Financial year
State Master
State Master
State
State Loan Register (CAM -29)
A.G. Loan Register (CAM -29)
A.G.
Advice
Advice
Advice Details.
Advice Details.
TE Posting
TE Posting
( -Cr RB Suspense
( -Cr RB Suspense
Cr a/c Heads)
Cr a/c Heads)
Scheme Loan/Grant/Invest.
Scheme Loan/Grant/Invest.
Loan No. Master
Loan No. Master
Loan Amount
Loan Amount
Principal Amt.
Principal Amt.
Interest Amt.
Interest Amt.
Account
Account
ss Adjust-
Adjust-
ment
ment
DATA
DATA FLOW
FLOW DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM for
for ADVICE
ADVICE (( from
from State
State A.G.
A.G. ))
OF
OF LOAN,
LOAN, GRANT
GRANT &
& INVESTMENTS
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
6.2. DATABASE TABLES:
For the successful running of server and application, there is a need of always running
SQL server, application server.
For the project the following relations are in the database
6.2.1. Master Module Tables:-
1 Ms_UserMst:-
Primary Key: Employee
Name Description Data Type Not Null
Employee Has the Id of the Int(4) Y

employee
UserName Name of the Varchar(15) N
Employee
Password Has the Password of Varchar(100) N
Employee
Status Status of Employees Varchar(6) N
2 Ms_Func_Mst:-
Primary Key: Func_Hd
3 Ms_Obj_Mst:-
Primary Key: Obj_Hd
Parent Root of the Functional Varchar2(13) Y

Head
Func_Hd Thirteen digits Varchar2(13) Y
functional head
Func_Desc Description of the Varchar2(100) Y
Functional Head
4 Ms_Cat_Mst:-
Obj_Hd Two digits Object Head char(2) Y

Obj_Desc Description of the Varchar2(50) Y
Object Head
Primary Key: Category
Category Unique code of char(1) Y

Category
Cat_Desc Description of the Varchar2(100) Y
Category
Cat_Type Type of the Category char(1) Y
Dr_Cr Show Debit or Credit Char(1) Y
5 Ms_Grant_Mst:-
Primary Key: Grant_No

6 Ms_Grant_Mst:-

functional head
Obj_Hd Description of the char(2) Y
FinYear Object
Has theHead
Financial Year char(9) Y
Category
Grant_No Unique code of Grant
Has the Unique Varchar2(9)
char(3) Y
Y
Category
number
Code
Grant_Desc Combinational code of
Description of the Char(4)
Varchar2(100) Y
Y
Functional,
Grant Head Object and
Category Head
FinYear Has Financial Year Char(9) Y
Primary Key: Category

functional head
Obj_Hd Description of the char(2) Y
Object Head
Category Unique code of Varchar2(9) Y
Category
7 Ms_Alter_FuncObjCat_Code:-
8 Ms_LAG_IssuAuth_Mst:-
Primary Key: IssuAuth_cd
IssuAuth_cd Unique Issue tinyint(1) Y

Authority Code
IssuAuth_Name Name of the Issuing Varchar2(50) Y
Authority
Deptt Specify the Deptt char(1) N
Desc_Of_Sanction Has Description Varchar2(250) N
9 Ms_LAG_StateUT_Mst:-
Primary Key: State_cd
State_cd Has the unique codes Char(3) Y

of all states
State_Name Has the Name of all Varchar2(150) Y
states
State_Type Has the type of state Char(2) Y
Func_Hd Has the detail of Char(13) N
Functional Head
Obj_Hd Has the detail of Char(2) N
Object Head
Catg Has the detail of Char(1) N
Category
Func_Hd_R Has the detail of Char(13) N
Functional Head
Obj_Hd_R Has the detail of Char(2) N
Object Head
Catg_R Has the detail of Char(1) N
Category
Trans_through Has the code about Char(1) N
transaction
Payment_through Describe the Payment Char(1) N
code
Bankbranch_Desc Describe the branch of Varchar2(250) N
bank
6.2.2. Dealing Hand Module Tables:-

10 LAG_Sanc_Mst:-
Primary Key: Sanc_id
Name
Description Data Type Not Null
Sanc_id Unique id of sanction Int(4) Y

Sanc_No Has the Name of Varchar(10) Y
sanction
Sanc_Date Describe the Datetime(8) Y
sanction date
Sanc_Ref_Lett_No Has the letter Varchar(20) N
reference of sanction
Sanc_Subject Describe the Varchar2(150) Y
sanction subject
Sanc_Type Describe the type of Char(1) Y
sanction
IssuAuth_cd Unique Issue Tinyint(1) Y
Authority Code
Sanc_Amt Describe the Numeric(9) Y
sanction amount
Fin_Yr Describe the Char(9) Y
Financial Year
Acc_Mnth Describe the Char(2) Y
Accounting month
Catg Describe the Char(1) Y
Category
Sanc_Remark Describe the Varchar2(200) N
sanction remark
WriteOff_Func_Hd Describe the Char(13) N
Functional Head
WriteOff_Obj_Hd Describe the Object Char(2) N
head
DH_Flag Describe the Dealing Char(1) N
Hand Flag
AAO_Flag Describe the AAO Char(1) N
Level Flag
PAO_Flag Describe the PAO Char(1) N
Level Flag
DH_Return_Reason Specify the DH Varchar2(750) N
return reason of
Sanction
AAO_Return_Reason Specify the AAO Varchar2(750) N
return reason of
Sanction
PAO_Return_Reason Specify the PAO Varchar2(750) N
return reason of
Sanction
DH_Decision_Date Describe the DH Datetime(8) N
decision date
AAO_Decision_Date Describe the AAO Datetime(8) N
decision date
PAO_Decision_Date Describe the PAO Datetime(8) N
decision date
DH_Decision_Login Describe the DH Int(4) N
decision login ID
AAO_Decision_Login Describe the AAO Int(4) N
decision login ID
PAO_Decision_Login Describe the PAO Int(4) N
decision login ID
Payable_Date Specify the Payable Datetime(8) N
Date of Sanction
11 LAG_GrantInAid_Mst:-
GrantIn_Id Has the unique code Int(4) Y

of grants
GrantInAid_No Has the No of Grants Varchar(10) Y
Sanc_Id Unique Id of Sanction Int(4) Y
State_Cd Has the unique codes Char(3) Y
of all states
Grant_No Describe the Grant Char(3) Y
Code
Func_Hd Describe the Char(13) Y
Functional Head
Obj_Hd Describe the Object Char(2) Y
Head
Catg Describe the category Char(1) Y
GrantinAid_Amount Describe the Grant Numeric(9) N
Amount
Budget_Override Describe the Budget Char(1) N
Details
GrantInAid_Remark Describe the Grant Varchar(200) N
Remark
Te_id Describe Te code Int(4) N
WAM_Recov_Amt Describe the recovery Numeric(9) N
amount
12 LAG_Loan_Mst:-
Loan_Id Has the unique code Int(4) Y

of Loan
Loan_No Has the No of Loan char(10) Y
Pr_Loan_Id Unique Pr Id of Loan Int(4) N
Sanc_Id Unique id of Int(4) N
sanction
Autt_Lett Describe the Varchar(25) N
Authority Letter
State_cd Has the unique Char(3) Y
codes of all states
Grant_No Describe the Grant Char(3) Y
No
Functional Head
Head
Catg Describe the Char(1) Y
category
Loan_Amount Describe the Loan Numeric(9) Y
Amount
Close_Bal Describe the closing Numeric(9) Y
balance
Details
Rate_Of_Int Describe the Decimal(9) N
interest rate for
Loan
Period_of_Loan Describe the period Tinyint(1) N
of Loan
Grace_Period Describe the grace Tinyint(1) N
period of Loan
Grace_Amount Describe the grace Numeric(9) N
amount
No_Gracel_Installment Describe the no of Numeric(9) N
gracel installments
Penal_Ineterst_Rate Describe the penal Decimal(5) N
interest rate for
Loan
Repay_Comm_Date Describe the Datetime(8) N
repayment date
Loan_Remark Describe the Loan Varchar(200) N
Remark
Te_Id Describe Te code Int(4) N
Write_off_flag Describe the flag Char(1) N
Loan_Settled_Amt Describe the loan Char(1) N
settled amount
Parent_List Describe the Parent Varchar(250) N
List
Loan_type Describe the Loan Char(1) Y
type
Loan_Round_Prc Describe the Tinyint(1) Y
Precision for loan
Func_hd_Int Describe the int Char(13) N
functional head
Obj_Hd_Int Describe the int Char(2) N
Object head
Catg_Int Describe the int Char(1) N
Category
Settled_Amt Describe the settled Numeric(9) N
loan Amount
Settled_Sanc_Id Describe the settled Int(4) N
Sanction Id
Start_Month Describe the Int(4) N
starting month of
Loan
Installments Describe the Nvarchar(50) N
installment months
Opening_Bal Describe the Numeric(9) N
Opening Balance
13 LAG_Investment_Mst:-
Invest_Id Has the unique code of Int(4) Y

investments
Invest_No Has the No of Char(10) Y
Investments
Sanc_Id Unique Id of Sanction Int(4) Y
State_Cd Has the unique codes Char(3) N
of all states
Grant_No Describe the Grant Char(3) N
Code
Functional Head
Head
Catg Describe the category Char(1) Y
Invest_Amount Describe the Numeric(9) Y
Investment Amount
Details
Invest_Remark Describe the Varchar(200) N
Investment Remark
Te_id Describe Te code Int(4) N
Func_Hd_Int Describe the int Char(13) N
functional head
Obj_Hd_Int Describe the int Object Char(2) N
head
Catg Describe the int Char(1) N
Category
14 LAG_RBI_Advice_Mst:-
Advice_Id Has the unique Int(4) Y

code of Advice
IGA_No Has the IGA No of Varchar(10) Y
Advice
Advice_Date Describe the Advice Datetime(8) N
Date
Acc_Mnth Describe the Char(2) Y
Account Month for
advice
Advice_Ref_lett_no Has the letter Varchar(20) N
reference of Advice
Sanc_Id Unique Id of Int(4) Y
Sanction
CrAmt Describe the Numeric(9) Y
Credited Amount
DbAmt Describe the Debit Numeric(9) Y
Amount
Advice_Remark Describe the Advice Varchar(200) N
Remark
DH_Flag Describe the Char(1) N
Dealing Hand Flag
AAO_Flag Describe the AAO Char(1) N
level Flag
PAO_Flag Describe the PAO Char(1) N
Level Flag
PAO_Decision_Date Describe the PAO Datetime(8) N
Decision date
functional head
PAO_Decision_Login_Id Describe the PAO Int(4) N
decision login ID
15 LAG_RBI_Advice_Recovery_Dtls:-
Advice_Id Has the unique Int(4) Y

code of Advice
State_cd Has the unique char(3) Y
codes of all states
Payable_Amt Describe the Numeric(9) N
Payable Amount
Recovery_Amt Describe the Numeric(9) N
Account which has
to recover
Qual_Default_Ded Describe the ded. Numeric(9) N
Default_Deduction Describe the Char(1) N
deduction
Penal_int Describe the penal Cahr(1) N
ineterst
State_Remark Describe the State Varchar(200) N
Remark
WAM_Recovery_Amt Describe the Numeric(9) N
Amount to recover
16 Sys_Config:-
pao_cd Describe the PAO Char(6) N

code
pao_descp Specify the PAO Varchar(50) N
Description
prao_cd Describe the PRAO Char(3) N
code
prao_descp Specify the PRAO Varchar(50) N
Description
IncpVoucherAllow Describe the Char(1) N
INCPVoucher
IncpScrollCrAllow Describe the credit Char(1) N
IncpChallanAllow Describe the Char(1) N
challan
IncpScrollPayAllow Describe the Char(1) N
Payment Allow
IncpBillAllow Describe the Bill Char(1) N
Status
IncpSchdAllow Describe the Short Char(1) N
Head
PSBFinYear Describe the PSB Char(9) N
Financial Year
PSBMonth Describe the PSB Tinyint(1) N
Month
PSB_Rcpt_OB Describe the PSB Money(8) N
Receipt
PSB_Pay_OB Describe the PSB Money(8) N
Payment
IncpGpfGenInfAllow Describe the GPF Char(1) N
AutomationDate Describe the Datetime(8) N
Automation Date
MidYrBakLogClr Describe the Mid Char(1) N
Year
RBIPrAOCd Describe the PAO Char(3) N
Code to RBI
RBIPrAODescp Describe the PAO Varchar(200) N
Description to RBI
Pao_rpt_allow Describe the PAO Char(1) N
Receipt
6.3. ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
An entity relationship diagram is a graphical representation of an organization’s data

storage requirements. Entity relationship diagrams are abstractions of the real world,
which simplify the problem to be solved while retaining its essential features. Entity
relationship diagrams are used to identify the data that must be captured, stored and
retrieved in order to support the business activities performed by an organization; and
identify the data required to derive and report on the performance measures that an
organization should be monitoring
Entity relationship diagrams have three different components:
Entities
An entity is an object that exists and is distinguishable from other objects. An entity may
be concrete (a person or a book, for example) or abstract (like a holiday or a concept). In
short, anything, which an organization needs to store data about Entities, represents
collections of things
ENTITY
Attributes
Entities are further described by their attributes (sometimes called data elements). These
are the smallest units of data that can be described in a meaningful manner.
ATTRIBUTE
Relationships
A relationship is an association between several entities. There are

potentially three types of relationship, which can exist between two different entities:
RELA
TION
One-to-One Relationships
This type of relationship takes place when a single occurrence of an entity is related
to just one occurrence of a second entity.
One-to-Many Relationships
This type of relationship takes place when a single occurrence of an entity is related
to many occurrences of a second entity.
Many-to-Many Relationships
This type of relationship takes place when many occurrences of an entity are related
to many occurrences of a second entity.
Dependency of tables shown by Entity Relationship Diagram
Func_H
Parent d Func_Desc Func_H Obj_H Categor
wc d d y Cod FinYea
e r
Functi
ms_FuncMst ms_alter_FuncObjCat_Code
on-al
Head
Objec
Functi t
on-al Head
Head
ms_Func_Obj_Mst Objec ms_Obj_Mst

t
Head
Obj_H Obj_des
Func_H Obj_H Categor d c
d d y
Catego
Catego ry
ry
ms_Cat_Mst
Cat_Desc Cat_typ Dr_cr

Descr Categor
e
iption y
LAG_GrantInAid_Mst Descr
ip-
tion
Gnt_Remr
k
GrantIn_Id Gnt_Am
t
Catg
GntAid_N
o
Obj_h
Sanc_i d LAG_Investment_Mst
d
Fn_Hd
St_C
d
Gnt_N
o Fn_Hd
Invst_I Obj_H
d d
Invst_I
d Catg
Sanc_I Inv_Re
d m Te_I
Inv_Amt Budget_Ove d
r
IssuAu
LAG_Sanc_mst
th_cd
Catg
Sanc_I WrtOff_FuncHd
d
Sanc_no WrtOff_ObjHd
Ms_LAG_IssuAuth_mst
Sanc_d
t Dh_Flag
San_Let_No
AAO_Flag
San_Sub PAO_Flag
j IssuAth_cd Deptt
San_amt DH_Dec_Lo
gin
Fin_yr AAO_Dec_Logi IssuAth_Name Desc_of_San
n c
Acc_Mth PAO_Dec_Login
Sanctio
n Id
LAG_RBI_Advice_mst
Advice_ID Advice_Remar
k
IGA_no DH_Flag
Advice_ AAO_Flag
dt
Advice_Let_N PAO_Flag
o
Sanc_id
PAO_Dec_Dt
Cramt
PAO_Dec_Login_Id
DbA
mtFin
_yr
Chapter- 7
7 Implementation
Software Interfaces uses in the software are:
 Operating System: Windows XP Professional

 VB.NET Version 8.0
 Microsoft SQL server 2000
7.1. Operating System
Windows XP is a line of operating system developed by Microsoft for use on general

purpose computer system, including home and business desktops, notebook computers,
and media centers. The letters "XP" stand for eXPerience.
Windows XP is known for its improved stability and efficiency over the 9x versions of
Microsoft Windows. It presents a significantly redesigned graphical user interface, a
change Microsoft promoted as more user-friendly than previous versions of Windows.
New software management capabilities were introduced to avoid the “DLL hell” that
plagued older consumer-oriented 9x versions of Windows. It is also the first version of
Windows to use product activation to combat software piracy, a restriction that did not sit
well with some users and privacy advocates.
Windows XP Features:
 Built on the new Windows engine
Windows XP Professional will provide a dependable computing experience for

. all business users.
 Windows File Protection
By safeguarding system files, Windows XP Professional mitigates many of the
Most common system failures encountered in earlier versions of Windows.
 Windows Installer
Will help minimize user downtime and increase system stability.
 Smart card support
Smart cards enhance software-only solutions such as client authentication,

Interactive logon, code signing, and secure e-mail.
 Windows Firewall
Reduces the risk of network and Internet-based attacks.
 Remote Desktop
Allows users to access all of their data and applications housed on their desktop
Computers from another computer running Windows 95 or later that is
connected to their machine via a network.
7.2. Introduction to VB.NET
Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET) is a reengineering of this venerable language, which

departs in significant ways from earlier versions of Visual Basic. VB.NET has a number
of features that help it retain backwards compatibility with Visual Basic 6 (VB6). Other
features have been added specifically to adapt Visual Basic to object-oriented
programming and to the .NET platform.
VB.NET provides support in the language to find bugs early in the development process.
This makes for code that is easier to maintain and programs that are more reliable.
VB.NET does not support many features available in other languages (e.g., pointers) that
make for unsafe code.
The goal of VB.NET is to provide a simple, safe, object-oriented, Internet-centric, high-
performance language for .NET development. VB.NET is simple because there are
relatively few keywords. This makes it easy to learn and easy to adapt to your specific
needs.
VB.NET is considered safe because it provides support in the language to find bugs early
in the development process. This makes for code that is easier to maintain and programs
that are more reliable.
VB.NET provides full support for object-oriented programming. This book will explain
not only how to write object-oriented programs, but will explain why object-oriented
programming has become so popular. The short answer is this: programs are becoming
increasingly complex, and object-oriented programming techniques help you manage that
complexity.
VB.NET was developed for .NET, and .NET was designed for developing web and web-
aware programs. The Internet is a primary resource in most .NET applications.
Finally, VB.NET was designed for professional high-performance programming.
Features of VB.NET
Visual Basic.NET has many new and improved language features such as inheritance,
interfaces, and overloading that make it a powerful object-oriented programming
language. As a Visual Basic developer, we can now create multithreaded scalable
applications using explicit multithreading. Other new language features in Visual
Basic .NET include structured exception handling, custom attributes, and common
language specification (CLS) compliance.
 Common Language Specification

The CLS is a set of rules that standardizes such things as data types and how
objects are exposed and interoperate. Visual Basic .NET adds several features that
take advantage of the CLS. Any CLS-compliant language can use the classes,
objects, and components you create in Visual Basic .NET. And you, as a Visual
Basic user, can access classes, components, and objects from other CLS-
compliant programming languages without worrying about language-specific
differences such as data types. CLS features used by Visual Basic .NET programs
include assemblies, namespaces, and attributes. These are the new features to be
stated briefly:
 Inheritance
Visual Basic .NET supports inheritance by allowing you to define classes that
serve as the basis for derived classes. Derived classes inherit and can extend the
properties and methods of the base class. They can also override inherited
methods with new implementations. All classes created with Visual Basic .NET
are inheritable by default. Because the forms you design are really classes, you
can use inheritance to define new forms based on existing ones.
 Exception Handling
Visual Basic .NET supports structured exception handling, using an enhanced
version of the Try…Catch…Finally syntax supported by other languages such as
C++.
Structured exception handling combines a modern control structure (similar to
Select Case or While) with exceptions, protected blocks of code, and filters.
Structured exception handling makes it easy to create and maintain programs with
robust, comprehensive error handlers.
 Overloading
Overloading is the ability to define properties, methods, or procedures that have
the same name but use different data types. Overloaded procedures allow you to
provide as many implementations as necessary to handle different kinds of data,
while giving the appearance of a single, versatile procedure.
 Overriding Properties and Methods
The Overrides keyword allows derived objects to override characteristics
inherited from parent objects. Overridden members have the same arguments as
the members inherited from the base class, but different implementations. A
member’s new implementation can call the original implementation in the parent
class by preceding the member name with MyBase.
 Constructors and Destructors
Constructors are procedures that control initialization of new instances of a class.
Conversely, destructors are methods that free system resources when a class
leaves scope or is set to Nothing. Visual Basic .NET supports constructors and
destructors using the Sub New and Sub Finalize procedures.
 Data Types
Visual Basic .NET introduces three new data types. The Char data type is an
unsigned 16-bit quantity used to store Unicode characters. It is equivalent to
the .NET Framework System. Char data type. The Short data type, a signed 16-bit
integer, was named Integer in earlier versions of Visual Basic. The Decimal data
type is a 96-bit signed integer scaled by a variable power of 10. In earlier versions
of Visual Basic, it was available only within a Variant.
 Interfaces
Interfaces describe the properties and methods of classes, but unlike classes, do
not provide implementations. The Interface statement allows you to declare
interfaces, while the Implements statement lets you write code that puts the items
described in the interface into practice.
 Delegates
Delegates objects that can call the methods of objects on your behalf are
sometimes described as type-safe, object-oriented function pointers. You can use
delegates to let procedures specify an event handler method that runs when an
event occurs. You can also use delegates with multithreaded applications. For
details, see Delegates and the AddressOf Operator.
 Shared Members
Shared members are properties, procedures, and fields that are shared by all
instances of a class. Shared data members are useful when multiple objects need
to use information that is common to all. Shared class methods can be used
without first creating an object from a class.
 References
References allow you to use objects defined in other assemblies. In Visual
Basic .NET, references point to assemblies instead of type libraries. For details,
see References and the Imports Statement. Namespaces prevent naming conflicts
by organizing classes, interfaces, and methods into hierarchies.
 Assemblies
Assemblies replace and extend the capabilities of type libraries by, describing all
the required files for a particular component or application. An assembly can
contain one or more namespaces.
 Attributes
Attributes enable you to provide additional information about program elements.
For example, you can use an attribute to specify which methods in a class should
be exposed when the class is used as a XML Web service. Multithreading
Visual Basic .NET allows you to write applications that can perform multiple
tasks independently. A task that has the potential of holding up other tasks can
execute on a separate thread, a process known as multithreading. By causing
complicated tasks to run on threads that are separate from your user interface,
multithreading makes your applications more responsive to user input.
7.3. Introduction to Microsoft SQL Server 2000
Microsoft SQL Server is a Structured Query Language (SQL) based, client/server

relational database. Relational databases are the most effective among the different way
to organize data in database. Relational database systems are am application of
mathematical set theory to the problem of effectively organizing data. In a relational
database data is collected into tables (called relations in relational theory).
Microsoft SQL Server (version 7.0) offers broad availability of solution tailored for
business operations, data warehousing, electronic commerce and mobile computing. It
provides a comprehensive platform that makes it easy to design, build, manage and use
data warehousing solutions, which enable organizations to make effective business
decisions based on timely and accurate information.
Features of SQL Server 2000
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 features include:
 Internet Integration.
The SQL Server 2000 database engine includes integrated XML support. It also has
the scalability, availability, and security features required to operate as the data
storage component of the largest Web sites. The SQL Server 2000 programming
model is integrated with the Windows DNA architecture for developing Web
applications, and SQL Server 2000 supports features such as English Query and the
Microsoft Search Service to incorporate user-friendly queries and powerful search
capabilities in Web applications.
 Scalability and Availability.

The same database engine can be used across platforms ranging from laptop
computers running Microsoft Windows® 98 through large, multiprocessor servers
running Microsoft Windows 2000 Data Center Edition. SQL Server 2000
Enterprise Edition supports features such as federated servers, indexed views, and
large memory support that allow it to scale to the performance levels required by
the largest Web sites.
 Enterprise-Level Database Features.

The SQL Server 2000 relational database engine supports the features required to
support demanding data processing environments. The database engine protects
data integrity while minimizing the overhead of managing thousands of users
concurrently modifying the database. SQL Server 2000 distributed queries allow
you to reference data from multiple sources as if it were a part of a SQL Server
2000 database, while at the same time, the distributed transaction support protects
the integrity of any updates of the distributed data. Replication allows you to also
maintain multiple copies of data, while ensuring that the separate copies remain
synchronized. You can replicate a set of data to multiple, mobile, disconnected
users, have them work autonomously, and then merge their modifications back to
the publisher.
 Ease of installation, deployment, and use.

SQL Server 2000 includes a set of administrative and development tools that improve
upon the process of installing, deploying, managing, and using SQL Server across
several sites. SQL Server 2000 also supports a standards-based programming model
integrated with the Windows DNA, making the use of SQL Server databases and data
warehouses a seamless part of building powerful and scalable systems. These features
allow you to rapidly deliver SQL Server applications that customers can implement
with a minimum of installation and administrative overhead.
 Data warehousing.
SQL Server 2000 includes tools for extracting and analyzing summary data for
online analytical processing. SQL Server also includes tools for visually designing
databases and analyzing data using English-based questions.
 Online Restore:
With SQL Server 2000, database administrators are able to perform a Restore
operation while an instance of SQL server is running. Online restore improves the
availability of SQL Server, because only the data being restored is unavailable. The
rest of the database remains online and available.
 Fast Recovery:
A new fast recovery option improves availability of SQL server database.
Administrator can reconnect to a recovering database after the transaction Log has
been rolled forward.
 SQL Server Enterprise Manager

Microsoft® Management Console (MMC) is a tool that presents a common interface
for managing different server applications in a Microsoft Windows® network. Server
applications provide a component called an MMC snap-in that presents MMC users
with a user interface for managing the server application. SQL Server Enterprise
Manager is the Microsoft SQL Server™ MMC snap-in.
SQL Server Enterprise Manager is the primary administrative tool for SQL Server
and provides an MMC-compliant user interface that allows users to:
 Define groups of SQL Server instances.
 Register individual servers in a group.
 Configure all SQL Server options for each registered server.
 Create and administer all SQL Server databases, objects, logins, users, and
permissions in each registered server.
 Define and execute all SQL Server administrative tasks on each registered
server.
 Design and test SQL statements, batches, and scripts interactively by invoking
SQL
Query Analyzer.
 Invoke the various wizards defined for SQL Server.
 Overview of the SQL Server Tools
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 includes many graphical and command prompt
utilities that allow users, programmers, and administrators to:
 Administer and configure SQL Server.
 Determine the catalog information in a copy of SQL Server.
 Design and test queries for retrieving data.
 Copy, import, export, and transform data.
 Provide diagnostic information.
 Start and stop SQL Server.
 In addition to these utilities, SQL Server contains several wizards to walk
administrators and programmers through the steps needed to perform more
complex administrative tasks.
Chapter- 8
8. Testing
System Testing / Debugging:
In a software development project, errors can be incurred at any stage during

development. There are different techniques for detecting and eliminating errors that
originate in that phase. However, no technique is perfect, and it is expected that some of
the errors of the earlier phases will finally manifest themselves in the code. This is
particularly true because in earlier phases of software development most of the
verification techniques are manual because no executable code exists. Ultimately, these
remaining errors will be reflected in the code. Hence, the code developed during the
coding activity is likely to have some designing errors, in addition to errors introduced
during the coding activity. Behavior can be observed, testing is the phase where the errors
lingering from all the previous phases must be detected. Hence, testing performs a very
critical role for quality assurance and for ensuring the reliability of software.
During testing, the program to be tested is executed with a set of test cases, and the
output of the program for the test cases is evaluated to determine if the program is
performing as expected. Due to its approach, dynamic testing can only ascertain the
presence of errors in the program: the exact nature of the errors is not usually decided by
testing. Testing forms the first step in determining the errors in a program. Clearly, the
success of testing to reveal errors in code depends critically on the test cases.
Testing a large system is a very complex activity, and like any complex activity it has to
be broken into smaller activities. Due to this, for a project, incremental testing is
generally performed, in which components and subsystems of the system are tested
separately before integrating them to be called a complete system for system testing. This
form of testing, though necessary to ensure quality for a large system, introduces new
issues of how to select components for testing and how to combine them to form
subsystems and systems.
 Types of Testing
This document describes the approach and methodologies used by the testing group to
plan, organize and manage the testing of this application. The main purpose of System
Testing is to check the correctness of the system for getting the correct output; we tested
the program for syntax, logical errors.
 FUNCTIONAL TESTING:
In the functional testing the structure of the program is not considered. Test cases are
decided solely on the basis of requirements or specifications of the program or module
and the internals of the module or the program are not considered for selection of test
cases. Due it its nature, functional testing is often called “Black Box Testing”.
The basis for deciding test cases in functional testing is the requirements or
specification of the system or module. For the entire system, the test cases are designed
from the requirement specification document for the system. For modules created
during design, test cases for functional testing are decided from the module
specification produce during the design.
 Module Testing
Unit testing ensures that all modules have been tested and each of them works properly
individually. Unit testing does not guarantee if these modules will work fine after
integration as a whole system. It is observed that many errors crop up when the
modules are joined together. Integration testing uncovers error that arises when
modules are integrated to build the overall system. As, the modules were developed by
different members of a team, so, all the modules were at first tested separately by the
developers.
Types of errors encountered by Testers
Data can be lost across an interface: That is data coming out of a module is not going
into the desired module.
Sub-functions, when combined, may not produce the desired major function.
Individually acceptable imprecision may be magnified to unacceptable levels. For
example, in module there is error- precision taken as +/-10 units. In other module same
error-precision is used. Now these modules are combined. Suppose the error-precision
from both modules need to be multiplied then the error-precision would be +/-100 which
would not be acceptable from the system.
Global data structure can present a problem: For example, in a system there SYSTEM
TESTING:
Software is only one element of a larger computer-based system. Ultimately, software is

incorporated with other system elements and a series of system integration and validation
tests are conducted. These tests fall outside the scope of software engineering process and
are not conducted solely by the software developer.
System testing is actually a series of different test whose primary purpose is to fully
exercise the computer-based system. Although each test has a different purpose, all work
to verify that all system elements have been properly integrated and perform allocated
functions.
After testing, all the Sub modules like Define Group, Define Parameters, Assign
Parameters, and Quality Sheet interface separately; they were integrated into a Single
Unit, which resulted into a single complete System. But, it was not easy, as it gave rise to
a new set of problems. So, the system was tested again after integration and many new
problems came, which were solved by the developers as teamwork.
Validation Checks:
The source of data or the database should be error-free; to help in using the database for
enhanced functionality. To ensure this, the user should be allowed to input only the
legitimate data. This process is called validation of the input data.
In this project two types of validation checks are used.
 Client Side Validation
Client Validations are necessary because when any user enters some data but that
data is not in correct format then that time errors are generated and yours projects are
terminated. While use client side validation and user not enter data in correct format
then message are prompted and your project is continued. For Client Side Validation I
use JavaScript and VbScript.
 Server Side Validation
Server Side Validations are also necessary because sometime Client Side Validations
not identified any particular error then that time Server Side Validations are useful. It
validates on server.
Server Side Validations are given bellow:-
Range Valiator: Range of the field like Starting date or Ending date, etc. is checked.
For- E.g. Starting & Ending must be in MM/DD/YY FORM.
Regular Expression Validators: It was used, if a period was to be specified between

from and to date where, From Date must be less than To Date.
Required Field Validator: These Validators are used when any fields are necessary
to enter. Such as Username and Password fields are necessary for login then that time
it is use Number check: When a numeric value has to be inserted, like in Appearing
Sequence, starting date or ending date etc. There is a check! That the user should
input only numeric values and not characters.
Before updating any field, it has been checked that no fields are left blank.
Starting date should be always greater than the system date.
Ending date should be always greater than starting date.
TEST SCHEDULE:
 Hypothesis: User requirements and Functional specifications are complete,
current, and stable.
 Risks: User requirements and Functional specification may not be adequate to
generate detailed test cases as they are subjected to change at any point.
TESTING METHODOLOGY:
 Initial Research
 Screen View: Where appropriate (maintenance testing, existing products up

gradations, etc.) screen shots of all forms, dialogs, etc were taken to get a compact
view of the system with appropriate functionality.
 Information Gathering: After reviewing existing documentation, a fact-gathering
mission was followed to fill in gaps. Know-how of Server names, passwords and
logins was taken, version numbers were build that were pertinent to our testing.
GENERIC (COMPONENT) TESTING:
Front-End Testing:
 Front End testing is concerned with testing through the Application interface.
This is standard black box testing which is done on the basis of inputs checked with
outputs.
DATA TESTING:
 Accuracy / Integrity:
 Calculations - Reports: Calculation errors in reports? Wrong Data loaded?
 Dividing by 0: Can test handle this error condition?
 Checking Authenticity – Is the user legitimate?
 Database Connectivity:
 Save: Does it fail? Is all data saved?
 Retrieval: Does it fail? Is all data retrieved in its true form?
INSTALLATION TESTING:
 Install Scenarios:
 Clean Machine: Does setup fail? Does application fail when run?
 Install Path: Do long filenames fail? Do spaces in path fail? Do other drives
fail? Does not default path fail?
BOUNDARY CONDITION TESTING:
 Data:
 Dataset: Max / Min Size problems?

 Numeric: Min’s / Max’s / Absurd problems?
 Field Size: Problems with field size (n chars, long in place of int, etc.)
 Error Guessing: Any inputs that will be most likely to break the system
 that actually breaks it?
Application:
 Initial Uses: Does application fail or act peculiar at first run? Anything
strange at second run?
 Loops: Boundary failure at loop counter.
 Memory: Boundary failure in memory (not stress test)?
 Monitors: Problems with old monitors? Too new monitors? Too old/new
drivers? Color Problems?
 Hard Drive: Problems with old drives? Too new drives? Too old/new
drives? Color Problems? Size of drive?
 CPU: CPU too old? Too new? Too slow? Too fast?
 Printers: Problems with old printers? Too new printers? Too old/new
drivers? Color Problems? Shade problems at extremes?
 Miscellaneous: Mouse/trackball/touchpad too old/new?
 Typical Configuration Errors:
 Device: Wrong device? Wrong device address? Device unavailable?
Device returned to wrong type of pool?
 Disk: Wrong storage device? Does not check directory of current disk? Doesn’t
close file? Unexpected end of file? Disk sector bugs? Other length (or file size)
dependent errors?
TESTING THE USER INTERFACE:
 Communication:
 Tool Tips & Status Bar: Missing command button help tips (yellow boxes)
when mouse pointer in proximity?
Missing Info. No instructions? Cursor not present?

TEST PLAN
Login Form
Cross Test step Test Data Expected

ref. Result
1.1 The user will Login to the admin The user enters
system only through a valid in the system.
password and username .If the *****
password and username doesn’t
match with the one that is stored
in the table “ms_UserMst”, a
message is flashed on the screen.
Here is another option is given in the
login form that is Financial Year.
If the user does not select the Financial
Year then a message is displayed on
Screen.
For MDI Main Page

 Master Module
Entry Form
Functional Head Master
Object Head Master
Func-Hd/ Obj-Hd Realtion
Short Code Mapping
Grant Master
 AAO or PAO level Module
Sanction
Advice to RBI (CAS Nagpur)
Advice to RBI ( New Delhi)
 Exit
Entry Form

ref. Result
1.1 This Entry Form is used to make admin The PAO level
new entries into database. This is make entries in
accessible to PAO level ***** to database.
Employees. In this form PAO
employee will fill all the details
about the employees like their
Name, ID, Password and their
Status. If any one of the field is
empty then a message will
flashed on the screen.
Funtional Head Master

ref. Result
1.1 This is Functional Head Form. admin The PAO level
This form is also accessible to fetch Functional
PAO level employees. In this ***** details.
form user can find the
Functional Details. Here is a text
query Field has given in which
user have to enter some code. If
user will leave the field blank
then the message will be flashed
on the screen. And also user can
enter only 4 digit,6,9 ,11 or 13
digits code. If user will not enter
this code a message will flashed
on the screen.
Object Head Master

ref. Result
1.1 This is Object Head Form. This admin The PAO level
form is also accessible to PAO enter Object
level employees. In this form ***** details.
user can enter the Object Head
Details. Here is a text query
Field has given in which user
have to enter some code. If user
will leave the field blank then
the message will be flashed on
the screen.
Short Code Master

ref. Result
1.1 This form describe the Short admin The PAO level
Code Mapping. In this form find Short
PAO employee can find the ***** Codes
Short Code by executing query.
Here user has to select Financial
Year. If the user will not select
the Financial Year then a
message will flashed on the
Screen that user has to select the
Financial Year.
Grant Master:

ref. Result
1.1 This form describe the Grant admin The PAO level
Master Details. In this form PAO find details
employee can find the grants ***** about Grant
details by executing query. Here Master
user has to select Financial Year.
If the user will not select the
Financial Year then a message
will flashed on the Screen that
user has to select the Financial
Year.
Sanction Details

ref. Result
1.1 This form is accessible to All DH, AAO, The DH level
level users. Here Dealing Hand PAO make entries
level user will enters the details into database
about Sanctions and further ***** about sanction
which is to passed to AAO and
PAO module. While doing
entries of Sanction if the user
left some field blank then a
message is flashed on the screen
about Sanction . Here are the
also user has to fill the details
about Grants, Loans, Investment
and Wages. If the user will left
some fields blank then a
screen. For Example in Sanction
form If user will left blank field
of sanction name then a message
will flashed like Please fill
sanction name. This form is
further passed through two
levels more. When there will no
sanction is Find then a message
will flashed on screen.
Advice to RBI(CAS Nagpur)

ref. Result
1.1 This form is accessible to All DH, AAO, The DH level
level users. Here Dealing Hand PAO make entries
level user will enters the details into database
about Advice and further which ***** about advice.
is to passed to AAO and PAO
module. While doing entries of
Advice if the user left some field
blank then a message is flashed
on the screen about Advice. Here
are the also user has to fill the
details advice no, date, reference
letter no, accounting month and
also about payment. If the user
will left some fields blank then a
screen. For Example in Advice
form If user will left blank field
of Advice name then a message
will flashed like Please fill
advice name. This form is
further passed through two
levels more. When there will no
advice is Find then a message
will flashed on screen.No RBI
Advice for Passing.
Chapter- 9
9. Maintenance
9.1. Definition
Maintenance is very important task & is poorly managed. Times spent and effort
required in maintaining software and keeping it operational takes about 40 % to 70% of
the total cost of the life cycle.
“Software maintenance is the activity that includes error corrections, enhancements of

capabilities, deletion of obsolete capabilities and optimization.” Basically, any work
done to change the software after it is in operation is considered to be maintenance. Its
purpose is to preserve the value of the software.
9.2. Categories
9.2.1. Corrective Maintenance
It means modifications made to the software to correct the defects. Defects can
result from design errors, logic errors, coding errors, data processing errors and
system performance errors.
9.2.2. Adaptive Maintenance
It includes modifying the software to match changes in the ever-changing

environment. Environment refers to the totality of all conditions and influences which
act from outside upon the software. E.g. business rules, government policies, work
patterns and software/hardware operating platforms.
9.2.3. Perfective Maintenance

It means improving processing efficiency or performances, or restructuring the
software to improve changeability.
9.3. Process
The process of maintenance for given software can be divided into four stages as
follows:
 Program understanding: It consists of analyzing the program in order to
understand it. The ease of understanding the program is primarily affected
by complexity and documentation of the program.
 Generate particular maintenance proposal: The ease of generating the
maintenance proposal is primarily affected by extensibility of the program.
 Account for ripple effect: If any change is made to any part of the system,
it may affect the other parts also. Thus, there is a kind of ripple effect from
the location of modification to the other parts of the software. The primary
feature affecting the ripple effect is stability.
 Modified program testing: The modified program is to be tested again and
again to check that the software has enhanced and reliability is validated.
9.4. Models
The models that present for the maintenance of the Software are –
Quick-Fix Model
Iterative Enhancement Model
Reuse Oriented Model
Boehm’s Model
For our LGI Software, we are going to use the Boehm’s Model.
9.4.1. Boehm’s Model

This model is based on a closed loop of activities, which involve economic principles as
these help in improving productivity in maintenance. The basic motive in this model is
that “the whole process of maintenance is driven or initiated by decision making done by
management who studies the objectives against the constraints present.”
Management Decisions
Proposed Approved Changes
Changes
Change Implementations
Evaluation
New Versions of
Results the Software
Obtained Software in Use
Chapter- 10
Screen Shots and

Description
Figure 10.1
Login Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This form is the First Login page. With this form user can enter into the system. Here is
user name, password and financial year has given. Only valid user can enter into the
System. In this form we have use MD5 Salted function. If the user is not valid then a
message will be flashed on the screen that is User is not valid.
MD5 Function:- MD5 (Message Digest Algorithm 5) is widely used cryptography hash
function with a 128 bit hash value. MD5 has been employed in a wide variety of security
applications, and is also commonly used to check the integrity of files. An MD5 hash is
typically expressed as a 32-character hexadecimal number.
Figure 10.2.
Main MDI Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This form is the main MDI form. Here we have provided the three level of users. If user
will be PAO and AAO Level then all menu strip will be enabled. If the user is DH Level
then Master menu strip will be disabled. All the functionality of every form will occur
in this MDI form. Here we have used the Menu Items and Tool Strip which is shown
above. Through this menu items user can open the forms and through the tool strip user
can save the data of Forms into database directly and also execute the forms.
Figure 10.3.
Entry Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
When user clicks on the Entry Form menu item then a form will open which is shown
above. With this form AAO and PAO level user can make the new user entries into
database. Here if the user left any field blank then a message will flash on the screen. If
the user will fill all the details then click on the submit button then a message will flashed
on the screen.
Figure 10.4.
Grant Master Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This form is the Grant Master form which gives all the information about the grants and
their description. Initially when form is loaded this form gives all details about grant
according to the year has been selected by the user at the login time. When user click on
the Enter Query button then combo box will show which displays the year information.
If user select any year then click on the Execute Query button then all grants information
will display into the DataGrid View.
Figure 10.5.
Functional Master Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This form is the Functional Head Master form which gives all the information about the
functionality heads through which Grants, Investments and Loans has given to those
departments of all states. This functional Head is Accounts Nomenclature. When user
clicks on the Enter Query Button then a Group box will open. Through which user can
get the information about the functional head.
Figure 10.6.
Object Head Master Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This form is the Object Head Master form which is two digit unique code, which gives
all the information about the object heads through which Grants, Investments and Loans
has given to those departments of all states. This object head code will combine with 13
digit functional head then it will become the 15 digit code which is unique. Here a combo
box will appear on the screen and the user can find the 2 digit code description.
Figure 10.7.
Functional Object Matrix Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This form is the matrix of Functional Head and Object Head. Here the 15 digit code is
shown into combo box and when the user select any option from combo box then click on
the Execute Query Button then this form display all the information like Functional
Description, Object Head and Category, which is displayed in the Grid view.
Figure 10.8.
Short Code Master Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This form defines the short code of 15 digit functional head and object head code. This
form gives the details according to the year wise. When user select the Financial Year
from the combo box and then acc to year financial year would be fetched form database
and after selecting the code then a short code will display in the combo box. When user
press the Execute Button then all the information will display on the grid view.
Figure 10.9.
Short Code Master Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
With this form user can find all the short code according to the year. When user select the
year form the combo box then press the execute button then all short codes will display
on the Data Grid View.
Figure 10.10.
Ministry Of Finance
This form is the main MDI form. This Form will open when the user will be of Dealing
Hand Level. Here the user will make entries about Sanctions, Loans, Investments and
Grants. When the user click on any menu item a form will be open.
Figure 10.11.
Sanction Capture Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This form contains details about the Sanctions, Grants, Loans, Investments and Ways.
This form is passed from different level for security purpose. First DH Level will make
the entries about Sanctions. Further it is passed to second level user that is AAO Level.
AAO Level user will further check the details which has been filled by the DH user.
Further it is passed to PAO Level User. This form is the combination of Sanction and
Grant-in-Aids.
Figure 10.12.
Ministry Of Finance
This form contains details about the Sanctions and Grants. When the DH hand level
user make the entries and then the user press the Save button then a message will flashed
on the screen as shown above. If the user Press the Yes button then these details will pass
to AAO level. If user press the No button then this form will check the Return Reason.
If user does not fill the return reason then this will passed to next level. Otherwise
database will be updated.
Figure 10.13.
Ministry Of Finance
This form shows contains the combo box which displays the Sanctions details which has
been come from the DH level. This combo box contains the sanction number which has
been passed by the DH user. AAO Level user select the sanction number and press the
Execute Button then all the details will shown in the form. AAO Level user can make
any changes in this form and pass further to the PAO Level. Next in PAO level user can
also make the changes in this form.
Figure 10.14.
Ministry Of Finance
This form shows all the details which has come form DH level and further AAO level
will pass to PAO Level.
Figure 10.15.
Sanction Capture/ Loans Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This form shows all the Sanctions and Loans details. This form gives details about the
Amount to issued to which State and how much periods of Loan. This form is also passed
through 3 levels.
Figure 10.16.
Sanction Capture/ Investments Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This form shows all the Sanctions and Investments details. This form gives details about
the Amount to invest to which State . This form is also passed through 3 levels.
Figure 10.17.
Advice to RBI (CAS Nagpur) Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This project deals with two RBI’s (Reserve Bank Of India) branches. When central
government want to pass the Loans, Investments, Grants and Ways to all States then it
deals with the RBI (CAS Nagpur) branch. If central government want to pass Loans,
Investments, Grants and Ways to Union Territories then it deals with the RBI (New
Delhi ) branch. This forms gives the information about passing of advice to RBI (CAS
Nagpur). This form gives the sanction details which has been passed from all three levels.
This form contains the Sanction No combo box which contains only that Sanction which
has been passed from all three levels. When user click on any no then all details will
show in this form which has been filled by user. This combo box shows the 5 sanction no
and their details.
Figure 10.18.
Ministry Of Finance
When user press on any combo box value then this form will display. In this Form user
will fill all details of Advice which is further passed to the next level. This form is also
pass through 3 levels for security purpose. When user press Save button then a message
box will flash on the screen. If user will press the Yes button then this form will pass to
next level.
Figure 10.19.
Ministry Of Finance
In second level, there will be a IGA combo box will open which contains the details
about advice which has been come from DH level. Here AAO level can do the further
changes. Then this form will pass to PAO level. When AAO level will press on the
Forward to PAO button then a message box will flashed on the screen. If user press on
the Yes button then this form will pass to next level otherwise it will redirect to DH level.
Figure 10.20.
Ministry Of Finance
In third level user can do the further modifications and save changes to the database.
When user press the Accept button then a message box will flash on the screen. If user
press on the Yes button then database will be updated otherwise this advice will redirect
to the AAO level.
Figure 10.21.
Advice to RBI (New Delhi) Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This forms gives all the information about Sanctions details and also gives details about
Union Territories which has to pass the Sanctions. This form will deals with the RBI
(New Delhi) branch. This form contains the Sanction No combo box which contains
only that Sanction which has been passed from all three levels. When user click on any
no then all details will show in this form which has been filled by user. This combo box
shows the two sanction no and their details.
Figure 10.22.
Ministry Of Finance
When user press on any combo box value then this form will display. In this Form user
will fill all details of Advice which is further passed to the next level. This form is also
pass through 3 levels for security purpose. When user press Save button then a message
box will flash on the screen. If user will press the Yes button then this form will pass to
next level.
Figure 10.23.
Ministry Of Finance
In second level, there will be a IGA combo box will open which contains the details
about advice which has been come from DH level. Here AAO level can do the further
changes. Then this form will pass to PAO level. When AAO level will press on the
Forward to PAO button then a message box will flashed on the screen. If user press on
the Yes button then this form will pass to next level otherwise it will redirect to DH level.
Figure 10.24.
Ministry Of Finance
In third level user can do the further modifications and save changes to the database.
When user press the Accept button then a message box will flash on the screen. If user
press on the Yes button then database will be updated otherwise this advice will redirect
to the AAO level.
Figure 10.25.
Ministry Of Finance
This form is the main MDI form. This Form will open when the user will be of Dealing
Hand Level. When user click on the Report menu item then two items will show. This
form deals with Report Generation to RBI.
Figure 10.26.
Advice Generation for RBI (CAS Nagpur) Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This form shows all the advice details that is send to the RBI. In this form all the details
will be given to RBI i.e. Code of Govt., IGA No., Advice Date, Amount, States Names
and Codes and Advice Letter No. This form has generated into the Crystal Report. This
advice form is send to RBI (CAS Nagpur) because this form is deal with the States.
Figure 10.27.
Advice Generation for RBI (New Delhi) Form of LGI Monitoring System
Ministry Of Finance
This form shows all the advice details that is send to the RBI. In this form all the details
will be given to RBI i.e. Code of Govt., IGA No., Advice Date, Amount, States Names
and Codes and Advice Letter No. This form is generated into the Crystal Report. This
advice form is send to RBI (New Delhi) because this form is deal with the Union
Territories.
Chapter- 11
Result and
Conclusion
11. Result and Conclusion
The project has been successfully completed within training period. During the course of
completion of this project the various steps involved in the Software Engineering process
like System Planning, System Analysis, System Designing and System Testing have
become even clearer and it has been a great experience to complete the task that was
undertaken to be performed in the stipulated period of time.
As far as implementation is concerned, this system is expected to be implemented in the

near future. The system has been scaled and will be more convenient for both the
employees and the management than the conventional manual system. It provide the easy,
fast and accurate system for issuing the Grants, Loans and Investments to the States. In
future this system will also incorporate the Digital Signature feature. When PAO level
send the advice to the RBI branch then it will contain the Digital Signature for security
purpose. Its efficiency in both space and time is better than the conventional system
suiting to the future needs and requirements, the system can be scaled and enhanced.
Chapter- 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
S.No. Title Publishers/Author
1 System Analysis & Design Elias M.Awad (Galgotia Publication)
2 SQL SERVER 2000 Gunderloy & Jorden (BPB Publication)
3 VB.Net Programming Steven Holzner (Black Book)
Web Sites
 http://www.elearning.nic.in
 http://www.codeguru.com
 http://www.java2s.com
 http://www.codeproject.com
 http://www.google.com

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Abstract

Hardware Specification: Pentium IV Processor, 256 MB RAM, 20 GB HDD

SNO. TITLE PAGE NO.

4. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFECYCLE 17

10. SCREEN SHOTS AND DESCRIPTION 92

11. RESULT AND CONCLUSION 120

12. REFERENCES 122

National Informatics Centre (NIC) is a premier Information Technology

The IT services of NIC ranges from Consultancy, Software Design and

 Some system presently used in different department:

The organizational set up of NIC encompasses its Headquarters at New Delhi,

At the NIC Headquarters, a large number of Application Divisions exist which

1.3. Evolution and Aim of NIC

National Informatics Centre was set up in March 1975 by the Government of

1.4. Principle Objective of NIC

economy for planning, project monitoring and division support.

 Promotion of information culture at District, State and Nation level.

NIC is providing various services through NICNET to the Central Government,

 Software Design and Development

1.6. PROJECTS (NATIONAL LEVEL)

2.1. Project Objective

 Elimination of Human errors in processes.

2.2. Project Purpose

2.3. Project Scope

2.4. Project Benefits

 Capture of sanctions at the origin thereby validation of data at the lowest

2.5. Project Lifecycle

2.6. Project Limitation

 Documentation: It is time consuming and requires expertise in creating good

3.1.1 Limitations of the Manual System:

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

For security purpose, proper username/password would be provided to PAO modules.

3.2.1 Benefits of the Proposed System:

This system would result in: -

3.3 Functionalities of the Computerization process.

3.3.1 Loan Management for State Government/Union Territories.

3.3.2 Grants-in-aid Management for State Government/Union

3.3.3 Investments Management for State Government/Union

4.1. Introduction to SDLC

4.2. SDLC Models

The following 4 Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is used:

4.3. Our Project Need

4.4. Waterfall Model

Implementation & Unit

Integration & System Testing

5.1. Analysis Study

An integrated LGI system is almost a necessity in Finance Ministry. Considerable

 Manual files are not needed

Analysis study is presented in the form of Software Requirement Specification. Review

 Are the requirements appropriate to the user needs or project objectives?

5.2. User Requirements

5.2.1. Preliminary Investigation

5.2.2. Analysis of Existing System

5.3. System Requirement

 Reviewing organization documents

5.3.1. Reviewing Organization Documents

5.3.2. Onsite Observations

It is a process of recognizing and observing people, objects and their occurrence to

5.3.3 Conducting Interviews