C++ Solved

Problems

By Tedros Salih

8/17/2017

1
Warning and Disclaimer
This book is prepared as introductory part for showing how a given
problem can be solved using a C++ programing language. Every effort
has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as
possible, but no warranty or appropriateness is implied. The author
and the publisher shall have neither responsibility to any person or
entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the
information contained in this book.

Tell Me What You Think!

E-mail: [email protected]

2
Contents
Frequently asked C++ programs ..................................................................................................... 7
C++ program to check perfect number ....................................................................................... 7
C++ program to check the given number is Armstrong number or not .................................... 10
C++ program to check a given number is prime number or not ............................................... 13
C++ program to check a given number is strong number or not .............................................. 18
C++ program for odd or even number ...................................................................................... 20
C++ program for palindrome numbers .................................................................................... 23
C++ program for solving quadratic equation ............................................................................ 26
C++ program to find Fibonacci series ...................................................................................... 27
C++ program to find factorial of a number ............................................................................... 30
C++ program for Floyd’s triangle ............................................................................................. 33
C++ program to print Pascal triangle. ....................................................................................... 34
C++ program to print multiplication table ................................................................................ 35
C++ program to print hello world without using semicolon ........................................................ 36
C++ program to reverse any number ........................................................................................ 37
Using while loop: .................................................................................................................. 37
Using for loop: ...................................................................................................................... 38
using recursion: ..................................................................................................................... 39
C++ program to sum digits of given number ............................................................................ 39
Using while loop: .................................................................................................................. 39
using for loop: ....................................................................................................................... 40
using recursion: ..................................................................................................................... 40
C++ Program to find power of a number .................................................................................. 41
C++ program to add and subtract two numbers ........................................................................ 42
To add two numbers without using addition operator: ......................................................... 42
To subtract two numbers without using subtraction operator:.............................................. 43
C++ program to compare numbers ........................................................................................... 43
To find largest among three numbers using binary minus operator: .................................... 43
To find largest among three numbers using conditional operator: ....................................... 44
To find largest of ‘N’ numbers : .......................................................................................... 44
C++ Program to find out generic root of a number ................................................................. 45
C++ Program to find prime factors of a number ..................................................................... 46
Program in C++ to print 1 to 100 without using loop ............................................................... 46

3
 C++ program with digits ........................................................................................................... 47
Extract digits from integer in C++ language: ....................................................................... 47
To count number of digits in a number:................................................................................ 48
C++ program for L.C.M and H.C.F. ......................................................................................... 49
LCM program in C++ with two numbers : ........................................................................... 50
LCM program in C++ with multiple numbers : .................................................................... 51
HFC program in C++ with two numbers : ........................................................................... 51
HCF program with multiple numbers in c++........................................................................ 53
Swapping....................................................................................................................................... 54
C++ program to swap two numbers .......................................................................................... 54
using Temp............................................................................................................................ 54
Swapping with out Temp ...................................................................................................... 54
Swapping in C++ without temporary variable .............................................. 54
C++ program for swapping of two arrays ................................................................................. 55
C++ program to swap between two array of string ................................................................. 56
Conversion ( Number System )..................................................................................................... 57
C++ Program to convert decimal to binary .............................................................................. 57
C++ program to convert decimal to octal ................................................................................. 58
C++ program to convert Decimal to hexadecimal ................................................................... 59
C++ program to convert Octal to binary ................................................................................... 61
C++ program to convert Octal to decimal conversion .............................................................. 62
C++ program to convert Hexadecimal to binary conversion .................................................... 63
C++ program to convert Binary to octal ................................................................................... 65
C++ program to convert binary number to decimal number .................................................... 67
C++ program Binary to hexadecimal conversion ..................................................................... 68
String ............................................................................................................................................. 69
C++ program to convert uppercase to lowercase ...................................................................... 69
C++ program to convert lowercase in to upper case ................................................................ 69
C++ program for sorting of strings ........................................................................................... 70
C++ program for concatenation of two strings ......................................................................... 70
C++ program to reverse a string ............................................................................................... 72
Using strrev: .......................................................................................................................... 72
without using strrev: ............................................................................................................. 72
using recursion : ................................................................................................................. 73

4
 C++ program to compare two strings ....................................................................................... 73
C++ program to copy String ..................................................................................................... 74
Matrix ............................................................................................................................................ 76
C++ program to add two matrices ............................................................................................ 76
C++ program to subtract two matrices ..................................................................................... 77
C++ program to multiply two matrices .................................................................................... 79
C++ program to find the sum of the diagonal matrix ............................................................... 82
C++ program to find out transport of a matrix ......................................................................... 83
C++ program to find inverse of a matrix .................................................................................. 84
C++ program to display lower triangular matrix ...................................................................... 86
C++ program to display upper triangular matrix ...................................................................... 87
C++ program to multiply matrix using Strassen ....................................................................... 88
C++ program to find determinant of a matrix ........................................................................... 90
C++ program to find out the sum of series 1 + 2 + …. + n ...................................................... 92
C++ program to find out the sum of series 1^2 + 2^2 + …. + n^2 ........................................... 93
C++ program to find out the sum of series 1^3 + 2^3 + …. + n^3 ........................................... 94
C++ program to find out the sum of in A.P. series ................................................................... 94
C++ program to find out the sum of G.P series ........................................................................ 96
C++ program to find out the sum of infinite G.P. series: geometric progression ..................... 97
Array ............................................................................................................................................. 98
C++ program to find the largest element in an array ................................................................ 98
C++ program to find the second largest element in an array .................................................... 99
C++ program to remove duplicated elements in an array ......................................................... 99
Sorting ......................................................................................................................................... 101
Bubble sort using C++ program............................................................................................. 101
Insertion sort using C++ program ........................................................................................... 102
Selection sort using C++ program .......................................................................................... 103
Quick sort using C++ program ........................................................................................... 103
Merge sort program using C++ program ................................................................................ 104
Recursion .................................................................................................................................... 107
Factorial program by recursion in C++................................................................................... 107
GCD program by recursion in C++ ........................................................................................ 107
Sum of digits of a number using recursion in C++ ................................................................. 108
Power of a number using recursion in C++ ............................................................................ 108

5
Area and volume ......................................................................................................................... 109
C++ program to calculate the area of circle ............................................................................ 109
C++ program to find the area of a triangle ............................................................................. 110
C++ program to find the area of an equilateral triangle.......................................................... 111
C++ program to find the area of a right angled triangle ......................................................... 112
C++ program to find the area of a rectangle ........................................................................... 113
C++ program to find the area of a trapezium .......................................................................... 113
C++ program for area of a cube .............................................................................................. 114
C++ program to find the volume and surface area of cuboids ................................................ 115
C++ program for area of a cylinder ........................................................................................ 117
C++ program to find the volume and surface area of cone .................................................... 118

6
 Frequently asked C++ programs
C++ program to check perfect number

Definition of perfect number or What is perfect

number?

Perfect number is a positive number which sum of

all positive divisors excluding that number is equal to
that number. For example 6 is perfect number since
divisor of 6 are 1, 2 and 3. Sum of its divisor is
1 + 2+ 3 =6

Note: 6 is the smallest perfect number.

Next perfect number is 28 since 1+ 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28

Some more perfect numbers: 496, 8128
Code 1:
To check any number:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int n,i=1,sum=0;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

cin>>n;

while(i<n){
if(n%i==0)
sum=sum+i;
i++;
}
if(sum==n)
cout<<i<<" is a perfect number";
else
cout<<i<<" is not a perfect number";

return 0;
}
Sample output:
Enter a number: 6
6 is a perfect number

7
Code 2:
To check numbers between a given range
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int n,i,sum;
int min,max;

cout<<"Enter the minimum range: ";

cin>>min;
cout<<"Enter the maximum range: ";
cin>>max;

cout<<"Perfect numbers in given range is: ";

for(n=min;n<=max;n++){
i=1;
sum = 0;

while(i<n){
if(n%i==0)
sum=sum+i;
i++;
}

if(sum==n)
cout<<" "<<n;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the minimum range: 1
Enter the maximum range: 20
Perfect numbers in given range is: 6

8
Code 3:
To display a perfect numbers with the range of 1 to 100
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int n,i,sum;
cout<<"Perfect numbers are: ";
for(n=1;n<=100;n++){
i=1;
sum = 0;

while(i<n){
if(n%i==0)
sum=sum+i;
i++;
}

if(sum==n)
cout<<" "<<n;
}

return 0;
}
Sample output:
Enter a number: 6
6 is a perfect number

9
C++ program to check the given number is Armstrong number or not
Definition of Armstrong number or what is an Armstrong
number:
Definition according to C++ programming point of view:
Those numbers which sum of the cube of its digits is
equal to that number are known as Armstrong numbers.
For example 153 since 1^3 + 5^3 + 3^3 = 1+ 125 + 9 =153
Other Armstrong numbers: 370,371,407 etc.
In general definition:
Those numbers which sum of its digits to power of
number of its digits is equal to that number are known
as Armstrong numbers.
Example 1: 153
Total digits in 153 is 3
And 1^3 + 5^3 + 3^3 = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153
Example 2: 1634
Total digits in 1634 is 4
And 1^4 + 6^4 + 3^4 +4^4 = 1 + 1296 + 81 + 64 =1634
Examples of Armstrong numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
153, 370, 371, 407, 1634, 8208, 9474, 54748, 92727, 93084,
548834, 1741725

Code 1:
To check a number is Armstrong
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,r,sum=0,temp;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

cin>>num;

temp=num;
while(num!=0){
r=num%10;
num=num/10;
sum=sum+(r*r*r);
}
if(sum==temp)
cout<<temp<<" is an Armstrong number";
else
cout<<temp<<"is not an Armstrong number";
return 0;
}

10
Sample output:
Enter a number: 153
153 is an Armstrong number
Code 2:
To find Armstrong number between the ranges
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,r,sum,temp;
int min,max;

cout<<"Enter the minimum range: ";

cin>>min;

cout<<"Enter the maximum range: ";

cin>>max;

cout<<"Armstrong numbers in given range are: ";

for(num=min;num<=max;num++){
temp=num;
sum = 0;

while(temp!=0){
r=temp%10;
temp=temp/10;
sum=sum+(r*r*r);
}
if(sum==num)
cout<<" "<<num;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the minimum range: 1
Enter the maximum range: 200
Armstrong numbers in given range are: 1 153

11
Code 3:
To check Armstrong number using for loop

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,r,sum=0,temp;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

cin>>num;

for(temp=num;num!=0;num=num/10){
r=num%10;
sum=sum+(r*r*r);
}

if(sum==temp)
cout<<temp<<" is an Armstrong number";
else
cout<<temp<<"is not an Armstrong number";

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter a number: 370
370 is an Armstrong number
Logic of Armstrong number in c

12
 C++ program to check a given number is prime number or not

Definition of prime number:

A natural number greater than one has not any other

divisors except 1 and itself. In other word we can say
which has only two divisors 1 and number itself. For
example: 5
Their divisors are 1 and 5.
Note: 2 is only even prime number.

Logic for prime number in C++

We will take a loop and divide number from 2 to
number/2. If the number is not divisible by any of the
numbers then we will print it as prime number.

Example of prime numbers : 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,

23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79,
83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137,
139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193,
197, 199 etc.

Code 1:
To check prime number
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int num,i,count=0;
cout<<"Enter a number: ";
cin>>num;
for(i=2;i<=num/2;i++){
if(num%i==0){
count++;
break;
}
}
if(count==0 && num!= 1)
cout<<num<<" is a prime number";
else
cout<<num<<" is not a prime number";
return 0;
}

13
Sample output:
Enter a number: 5
5 is a prime number
Code 2:
To check a prime number between the range
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int num,i,count=0;

for(num = 1;num<=100;num++){
count = 0;

for(i=2;i<=num/2;i++){
if(num%i==0){
count++;
break;
}

}
if(count==0 && num!= 1)
cout<<" "<<num;

}
return 0;
}

Output:
2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71
73 79 83 89 97

14
Code 3:

C++ program to find n prime numbers

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int num,i,count,n;
cout<<"Enter max range: ";
cin>>n;

for(num = 1;num<=n;num++){

count = 0;

for(i=2;i<=num/2;i++){
if(num%i==0){
count++;
break;
}
}

if(count==0 && num!= 1)

cout<<" "num;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter max range: 50
2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47

15
Code 4:
C++ code to display prime numbers within a range

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int num,i,count,min,max;

cout<<"Enter min range: ";

cin>>min;

cout<<"Enter max range: ";

cin>>max;

for(num = min;num<=max;num++){

count = 0;

for(i=2;i<=num/2;i++){
if(num%i==0){
count++;
break;
}
}

if(count==0 && num!= 1)

cout<<" "<<num;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter min range: 10
Enter max range: 50
11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47

16
Code 5:
C++ program to find sum of prime numbers

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int num,i,count,min,max,sum=0;

cout<<"Enter min range: ";

cin>>min;

cout<<"Enter max range: ";

cin>>max;

for(num = min;num<=max;num++){

count = 0;

for(i=2;i<=num/2;i++){
if(num%i==0){
count++;
break;
}
}

if(count==0 && num!= 1)

sum = sum + num;
}
cout<<"sum="<<sum;
return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter min range: 50
Enter max range: 100

17
 C++ program to check a given number is strong number or not

Definition of strong number:

A number is called strong number if sum of the
factorial of its digit is equal to number itself. For
example: 145 since
1! + 4! + 5! = 1 + 24 + 120 = 145

Code 1:
C++ program to check whether a number is strong or not

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,i,f,r,sum=0,temp;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

cin>>num;

temp=num;
while(num){
i=1,f=1;
r=num%10;

while(i<=r){
f=f*i;
i++;
}
sum=sum+f;
num=num/10;
}
if(sum==temp)
cout<<temp<<" is a strong number";
else
cout<<temp<<" is not a strong number";

return 0;
}
Sample output:
Enter a number: 145
145 is a strong number

18
Code 2:
C++ program to check strong number with in range
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,i,f,r,sum,temp;
int min,max;

cout<<"Enter minimum range: ";

cin>>min;

cout<<"Enter maximum range: ";

cin>>max;

cout<<"Strong numbers in given range are: ";

for(num=min; num <= max; num++){
temp = num;
sum=0;

while(temp){
i=1;
f=1;
r=temp%10;

while(i<=r){
f=f*i;
i++;
}
sum=sum+f;
temp=temp/10;
}

if(sum==num)
cout<<" "<<num;
}
return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter minimum range: 100
Enter maximum range: 100000
Strong numbers in given range are: 145 40585

19
C++ program for odd or even number
Algorithm:

Number is called even number if it is divisible by two

otherwise odd.
Example of even numbers: 0,2,4,8,9,10 etc.
Example of odd numbers: 1, 3,5,7,9 etc.
Code 1:
C++ program to check even or odd
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int number;
cout<<"Enter any integer: ";
cin>>number;
if(number % 2 ==0)
cout<<number<<" is even number.";
else
cout<<number<<" is odd number.";
return 0;

}
Sample output:
Enter any integer: 5
5 is odd number.
Code 2:
C++ program to display odd numbers with in the range
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int number;
int min,max;
cout<<"Enter the minimum range: ";
cin>>min;
cout<<"Enter the maximum range: ";
cin>>max;
cout<<"Odd numbers in given range are: ";
for(number = min;number <= max; number++)
if(number % 2 !=0)
cout<<" "<<number;
return 0;
}
Sample output:
Enter the minimum range: 1
Enter the maximum range: 20

20
Odd numbers in given ranges are: 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
19

Code 3:
C++ program to display Even numbers with in the range
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int number;
int min,max;

cout<<"Enter the minimum range: ";

cin>>min;

cout<<"Enter the maximum range: ";

cin>>max;

cout<<"Even numbers in given range are: ";

for(number = min;number <= max; number++)

if(number % 2 ==0)
cout<<" "<<number;

return 0;

}
Sample output:
Enter the minimum range: 1
Enter the maximum range: 20
Even numbers in given ranges are: 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
18 20

Code 4:
Sum of Even numbers in C++
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int number;
int min,max,sum=0;

cout<<"Enter the minimum range: ";

cin>>min;

cout<<"Enter the maximum range: ";

cin>>max;

21
 for(number = min;number <= max; number++)

if(number % 2 ==0)
sum = sum + number;
cout<<"Sum of Even numbers in given range is: "<<sum;
return 0;

Sample output:
Enter the minimum range: 1
Enter the maximum range: 100
Sum of Even numbers in given range is: 2550

Code 5:
Sum of odd and even numbers c++ program
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int number;
int min,max;
long odd_sum =0,even_sum = 0;

cout<<"Enter the minimum range: ";

cin>>min;

cout<<"Enter the maximum range: ";

cin>>max;

for(number = min;number <= max; number++)

if(number % 2 != 0)
odd_sum = odd_sum + number;
else
even_sum = even_sum + number;

cout<<"Sum of even numbers in given range is:"<<even_sum<<endl;

cout<<"Sum of odd numbers in given range is: "<<odd_sum);

return 0;

Sample output:
Enter the minimum range: 1
Enter the maximum range: 10
Sum of even numbers in given range is: 30
Sum of odd numbers in given range is: 25

22
C++ program for palindrome numbers

Definition of Palindrome number or What is palindrome

number?

A number is called palindrome number if it is remain

same when its digits are reversed. For example 121 is
palindrome number. When we will reverse its digit it
will remain same number i.e. 121
Palindrome numbers examples: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 101, 111, 121,
131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191 etc.

To check a number is palindrome

Code 1:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,r,sum=0,temp;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

cin>>num;

temp=num;
while(num){
r=num%10;
num=num/10;
sum=sum*10+r;
}
if(temp==sum)
cout<<temp<<" is a palindrome";
else
cout<<temp<<" is not a palindrome";

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter a number: 131
131 is a palindrome

C++ program for palindrome with in range

Code 2:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,r,sum,temp;

23
 int min,max;

cout<<"Enter the minimum range: ";

cin>>min;

cout<<"Enter the maximum range: ";

cin>>max;

cout<<"Palindrome numbers in given range are: ";

for(num=min;num<=max;num++){
temp=num;
sum=0;

while(temp){
r=temp%10;
temp=temp/10;
sum=sum*10+r;
}
if(num==sum)
cout<<" "<<num;
}
return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the minimum range: 1
Enter the maximum range: 50
Palindrome numbers in given range are: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 11 22 33 44

Code 3:
Check if a number is a palindrome using for loop

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,r,sum=0,temp;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

cin>>num;

for(temp=num;num!=0;num=num/10){
r=num%10;
sum=sum*10+r;
}
if(temp==sum)
cout<<temp<<" is a palindrome";
else
cout<<temp<<" is not a palindrome";

24
 return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter a number: 1221
1221 is a palindrome

Code 4:
check if a number is palindrome using recursion

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int checkPalindrome(int);
int main(){
int num,sum;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

cin>>num;

sum = checkPalindrome(num);

if(num==sum)
cout<<num<<" is a palindrome";
else
cout<<num<<" is not a palindrome";

return 0;
}

int checkPalindrome(int num){

static int sum=0,r;

if(num!=0){
r=num%10;
sum=sum*10+r;
checkPalindrome(num/10);
}

return sum;
}

Sample output:
Enter a number: 25
25 is not a palindrome

25
Definition of Palindrome string:

A string is called palindrome if it symmetric. In other

word a string is called palindrome if string remains
same if its characters are reversed. For example: asdsa
If we will reverse it will remain same i.e. asdsa

Example of string palindrome: a,b, aa,aba,qwertrewq

etc.

C++ program to check a given string is palindrome or not

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int main(){
char str[50],rev[50];
int i=0,j,count=0;
cout<<"\nEnter a string:";
cin>>str;
while(str[i] !='\0')
{
count++;
i++;
}
for(i=count,j=0;i>=0;i--,j++)
rev[j]=str[i];
rev[j]='\0';
if(strcmp(rev,str))
cout<<"\nThe string is a palindrome";
else
cout<<"\nThe string is not a palindrome";
return 0;
}

C++ program for solving quadratic equation

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){
float a,b,c;
float d,root1,root2;

cout<<"Enter the coefficient of the quadratic equation ";

cin>>a>>b>>c;

d = b * b - 4 * a * c;

if(d < 0){

26
 cout<<"Roots are complex number.\n";

return 0;
}

root1 = ( -b + sqrt(d)) / (2* a);

root2 = ( -b - sqrt(d)) / (2* a);
cout<<"Roots of quadratic equation are:"<<root1<<" "<<root2;

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the coefficient of the quadratic equation: 1 2 1
Roots of quadratic equation are: 1 , -1

C++ program to find Fibonacci series

Algorithm:
What is Fibonacci series?

Logic of Fibonacci series

Definition of Fibonacci numbers:

We assume first two Fibonacci are 0 and 1

A series of numbers in which each sequent number is sum
of its two previous numbers is known as Fibonacci
series and each numbers are called Fibonacci numbers.
So Fibonacci numbers is

Algorithm for Fibonacci series

Fn = Fn-2 + Fn-1

Example of Fibonacci series:

0 , 1 ,1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 8 , 13 , 21 , 34 , 55 ...

5 is Fibonacci number since sum of its two previous

number i.e. 2 and 3 is 5
8 is Fibonacci number since sum of its two previous
number i.e. 3 and 5 is 8 and so on.
27
Code 1:
To generate the Fibonacci series in C++

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int k,r;
long int i=0l,j=1,f;

//Taking maximum numbers form user

cout<<"Enter the number range:";
cin>>r;

cout<<"FIBONACCI SERIES: ";

cout<<i<<" "<<j; //printing firts two values.

for(k=2;k<r;k++){
f=i+j;
i=j;
j=f;
cout<<" "<<j;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the number range: 15
FIBONACCI SERIES: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233
377

Code 2:
Fibonacci series using array in C++

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int i,range;
long int arr[40];

cout<<"Enter the number range: ";

cin>>range;

arr[0]=0;
arr[1]=1;

for(i=2;i<range;i++){
arr[i] = arr[i-1] + arr[i-2];
}

28
 cout<<"Fibonacci series is: ";
for(i=0;i<range;i++)
cout<<" "<<arr[i];

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the number range: 20
Fibonacci series is: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144
233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181

Code 3:
Fibonacci series in C++ using while loop

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int k=2,r;
long int i=0l,j=1,f;

cout<<"Enter the number range:";

cin>>r;

cout<<"Fibonacci series is: "<<i<<" "<<j;

while(k<r){
f=i+j;
i=j;
j=f;
cout<<" "<<j;
k++;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the number range: 10
Fibonacci series is: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

29
Code 4:
Sum of Fibonacci series in C++

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int k,r;
long int i=0,j=1,f;
long int sum = 1;

cout<<"Enter the number range: ";

cin>>r;

for(k=2;k<r;k++){
f=i+j;
i=j;
j=f;
sum = sum + j;
}

cout<<"Sum of Fibonacci series is: "<<sum;

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the number range: 4
Sum of Fibonacci series is: 4

C++ program to find factorial of a number

Algorithm:

Factorial value

Factorial of number is defined as:

Factorial (n) = 1*2*3 … * n
For example: Factorial of 5 = 1*2*3*4*5 = 120
Note: Factorial of zero = 1

Code 1:
factorial of a number
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int i=1,f=1,num;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

30
 cin>>num;

while(i<=num){
f=f*i;
i++;
}

cout<<"Factorial of "<<num<<" is :"<<f;

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter a number: 5
Factorial of 5 is: 120

Code 2:
using for loop

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int i,f=1,num;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

cin>>num;

for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
f=f*i;

cout<<"Factorial of "<<num<<" is:"<<f;

return 0;
}

Code 3:
using function

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int findFactorial(int);
int main(){
int i,factorial,num;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

cin>>num;

factorial = findFactorial(num);
cout<<"Factorial of "<<num<<" is: "<<factorial;

return 0;

31
}

int findFactorial(int num){

int i,f=1;

for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
f=f*i;

return f;
}
Sample output:
Enter a number: 8
Factorial of 8 is: 40320

Code 5:
Factorial series in c++
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
unsigned long int f=1;
int i,num,min,max;

cout<<"Enter the minimum range: ";

cin>>min;

cout<<"Enter the maximum range: ";

cin>>max;

cout<<"Factorial series in given range: ";

for(num=min;num<=max;num++){
f=1;

for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
f=f*i;

cout<<" "<<f;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the minimum range: 1
Enter the maximum range: 10
Factorial series in given range: 1 2 6 24 120 720 5040
40320 362880 3628800

32
C++ program for Floyd’s triangle
What is Floyd’s triangle?

Definition of floyd's triangle:

Floyd's triangle is a right angled-triangle using the

natural numbers. Examples of floyd's triangle:

Example 1:

1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10

Example 2:

1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21

Code:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int i,j,r,k=1;

cout<<"Enter the range: ";

cin>>r;

cout<<"FLOYD'S TRIANGLE\n\n";
for(i=1;i<=r;i++){
for(j=1;j<=i;j++,k++)
cout<<" "<<k;
cout<<"\n";
}

33
 return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the range: 10
FLOYD'S TRIANGLE

1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

C++ program to print Pascal triangle.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
long fact(int);
int main(){
int line,i,j;

cout<<"Enter the no. of lines: ";

cin>>line;

for(i=0;i<line;i++){
for(j=0;j<line-i-1;j++)
cout<<" ";

for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
cout<<" "<<fact(i)/(fact(j)*fact(i-j));
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

long fact(int num){

long f=1;
int i=1;
while(i<=num){
f=f*i;
i++;
}
return f;

34
 }

Sample output:

Enter the no. of lines: 8

1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1
C++ program to print multiplication table

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int r,i,j,k;
cout<<"Enter the number range: ";
cin>>r;
for(i=1;i<=r;i++){
for(j=1;j<=10;j++)
cout<<"i*j="<<i*j<<" ";
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

Sample Output:
Enter the number range: 5

1*1=1 1*2=2 1*3=3 1*4=4 1*5=5 1*6=6 1*7=7 1*8=8 1*9=9 1*10=10

2*1=2 2*2=4 2*3=6 2*4=8 2*5=10 2*6=12 2*7=14 2*8=16 2*9=18

2*10=20
3*1=3 3*2=6 3*3=9 3*4=12 3*5=15 3*6=18 3*7=21 3*8=24 3*9=27
3*10=30
4*1=4 4*2=8 4*3=12 4*4=16 4*5=20 4*6=24 4*7=28 4*8=32 4*9=36
4*10=40
5*1=5 5*2=10 5*3=15 5*4=20 5*5=25 5*6=30 5*7=35 5*8=40 5*9=45
5*10=50

35
C++ program to print hello world without using semicolon
Code 1:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
if(cout<<("Hello world")){
}
return 0;
}

Code 2:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
while(cout<<("Hello world")==0){
}
return 0;
}

Code 3:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
switch(cout<<("Hello world")==0){
}
return 0;
}

Code 4:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
for(;cout<<("Hello world")==0;){
}
return 0;
}

Code 5:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
do
{
}
while(cout<<"hello world"==0);
return 0;
}

36
 C++ program with numbers

C++ program to reverse any number

Using while loop:

Code 1:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,r,reverse=0;

cout<<"Enter any number: ";

cin>>num;

while(num){
r=num%10;
reverse=reverse*10+r;
num=num/10;
}

cout<<"Reversed of number:"<<reverse;
return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter any number: 12
Reversed of number: 21

Code 2:
Reverse very large numbers beyond the range of long int
The Logic is we accept the number as string

#include<iostream>
#define MAX 1000
using namespace std;
int main(){

char num[MAX];
int i=0,j,flag=0;

cout<<"Enter any positive integer: ";

cin>>num;

while(num[i]){
if(num[i] < 48 || num[i] > 57){
cout<<"Invalid integer number";

37
 return 0;
}
i++;
}

cout<<"Reverse: ";
for(j=i-1;j>=0;j--)
if(flag==0 && num[j] ==48){
}
else{
cout<<num[j];
flag =1;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter any positive integer:

234561000045645679001237800000000000
Reverse: 8732100976546540000165432

Using for loop:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,r,reverse=0;

cout<<"Enter any number: ";

cin>>num;

for(;num!=0;num=num/10){
r=num%10;
reverse=reverse*10+r;
}

cout<<"Reversed of number:"<<reverse;
return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter any number: 123
Reversed of number: 321

38
using recursion:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int rev(int );
int main(){
int num,reverse;

cout<<"Enter any number: ";

cin>>num;

reverse=rev(num);
cout<<reverse;
return 0;
}

int rev(int num){

static int sum,r;

if(num){
r=num%10;
sum=sum*10+r;
rev(num/10);
}
else
{
return 0;
}
return sum;
}

Sample output:
Enter any number: 456
Reverse of number: 654

C++ program to sum digits of given number

Using while loop:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,sum=0,r;
cout<<"Enter a number: ";
cin>>num;
while(num){
r=num%10;

39
 num=num/10;
sum=sum+r;
}
cout<<"Sum of digits of number:"<<sum;
return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter a number: 123
Sum of digits of number: 6

using for loop:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,sum=0,r;
cout<<"Enter a number: ";
cin>>num;

for(;num!=0;num=num/10){
r=num%10;
sum=sum+r;
}
cout<<"Sum of digits of number:"<<sum;
return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter a number: 567
Sum of digits of number: 18

using recursion:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int getSum(int);
int main(){
int num,sum;
cout<<"Enter a number: ";
cin>>num;

sum = getSum(num);

40
 cout<<"Sum of digits of number: "<<sum;
return 0;
}

int getSum(int num){

static int sum =0,r;

if(num!=0){
r=num%10;
sum=sum+r;
getSum(num/10);
}

return sum;
}
Sample output:
Enter a number: 45
Sum of digits of number: 9

C++ Program to find power of a number

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int pow,num,i=1;
long int sum=1;
cout<<endl<<"Enter a number: ";
cin>>num;
cout<<endl<<"Enter power: ";
cin>>pow;
while(i<=pow){
sum=sum*num;
i++;
}
cout<<endl<<num<<" the power "<<pow<<" is:"<<sum;
return 0;
}

41
C++ program to add and subtract two numbers

To add two numbers without using addition operator:

Algorithm:
In C++ ~ is 1's complement operator. This is equivalent
to:
~a = -b + 1
So, a - ~b -1
= a-(-b + 1) + 1
= a + b – 1 + 1
= a + b

 Add two numbers in C++ without using plus operator

 How to add two numbers without using the plus operator in C++

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int a,b;
int sum;

cout<<"Enter any two integers: ";

cin>>a>>b;

//sum = a - (-b);
sum = a - ~b -1;

cout<<"Sum of two integers: "<<sum;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter any two integers: 5 10

Sum of two integers: 15

42
 To subtract two numbers without using subtraction operator:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int a,b;
int sum;

cout<<"Enter any two integers: ";

cin>>a>>b;

sum = a + ~b + 1;

cout<<"Sum of two integers: "<<sum;

return 0;
}

Sample Output:

Enter any two integers: 5 4

Difference of two integers: 1
C++ program to compare numbers

To find largest among three numbers using binary minus operator:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a,b,c;
cout<<endl<<"Enter 3 numbers: ";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
if(a-b>0 && a-c>0)
cout<<endl<<"Greatest is:"<<a;
else
if(b-c>0)
cout<<endl<<"Greatest is:"<<b;
else
cout<<endl<<"Greatest is:"<<c;
return 0;
}

43
To find largest among three numbers using conditional operator:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a,b,c,big;
cout<<endl<<"Enter 3 numbers:";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
big=(a>b&&a>c?a:b>c?b:c);
cout<<endl<<"Greatest Number is:"<<big;
return 0;
}
To find largest of ‘N’ numbers :

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int n,num,i;
int big;
cout<<"Enter the values of n: ";
cin>>n;

cout<<"Number"<<1<<":";
cin>>big;

for(i=2;i<=n;i++){
cout<<"Number"<<i<<":";
cin>>num;

if(big<num)
big=num;
}

cout<<"Largest number is:"<<big;

return 0;
}

Sample Output:
Enter the values of n:
Number 1: 12
Number 2: 32
Number 3: 35
Largest number is: 35

44
C++ Program to find out generic root of a number
Code1:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

long int num,sum,r;

cout<<"\nEnter a number:";
cin>>num;

while(num>10){
sum=0;
while(num){
r=num%10;
num=num/10;
sum+=r;
}
if(sum>10)
num=sum;
else
break;
}
cout<<"\nSum of the digits in single digit is:"<<sum;
return 0;
}

Code 2:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,x;
cout<<"Enter any number: ";
cin>>num;
cout<<"Generic root:"<<((x=num%9)?x:9);
return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter any number: 731
Generic root: 2

Meaning of generic root:

45
It sum of digits of a number unit we don't get a single
digit. For example:
Generic root of 456: 4 + 5 + 6 = 15 since 15 is two
digit numbers so 1 + 5 = 6
So, generic root of 456 = 6

C++ Program to find prime factors of a number

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,i=1,j,k;
cout<<"\nEnter a number:";
cin>>num;
while(i<=num){
k=0;
if(num%i==0){
j=1;
while(j<=i){
if(i%j==0)
k++;
j++;
}
if(k==2)
cout<<"\n is a prime factor"<<i;
}
i++;
}
return 0;
}

Program in C++ to print 1 to 100 without using loop

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int print(int);
int main(){
int num = 1;

print(num);

return 0;
}

int print(int num){

if(num<=100){
cout<<" "<<num;
print(num+1);
}

46
}

Output:
Sample output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93
94 95 96 97 98 99 100

C++ program with digits

Extract digits from integer in C++ language:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,temp,factor=1;
cout<<"Enter a number: ";
cin>>num;

temp=num;
while(temp){
temp=temp/10;
factor = factor*10;
}

cout<<"Each digits of given number are: ";

while(factor>1){
factor = factor/10;
cout<<" "<<num/factor;
num = num % factor;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter a number: 123
Each digits of given number are: 1 2 3

47
To count number of digits in a number:

Code 1:
Count the number of digits in c++ programming language

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,count=0;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

cin>>num;

while(num){
num=num/10;
count++;
}
cout<<"Total digits is:"<<count;
return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter a number: 23
Total digits is: 2

Code 2:
C++ code to count the total number of digit using for loop

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num,count=0;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

cin>>num;

for(;num!=0;num=num/10)
count++;

cout<<"Total digits is:"<<count;

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter a number: 456
Total digits is: 3

48
Code 3:
Count the digits of a given number in c++ language using recursion

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int countDigits(int);
int main(){
int num,count;

cout<<"Enter a number: ";

cin>>num;
count = countDigits(num);

cout<<"Total digits is:"<<count;

return 0;
}

int countDigits(int num){

static int count=0;

if(num!=0){
count++;
countDigits(num/10);
}

return count;
}

Sample output:
Enter a number: 1234567
Total digits is: 7

C++ program for L.C.M and H.C.F.

Definition of LCM (Least common multiple):

LCM of two integers is a smallest positive integer

which is multiple of both integers that it is divisible
by the both of the numbers.
For example: LCM of two integers 2 and 5 is 10 since 10
is the smallest positive numbers which is divisible by
both 2 and 5.

49
LCM program in C++ with two numbers :

Code 1:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int n1,n2,x,y;
cout<<"Enter a number: ";
cin>>n1>>n2;
x=n1,y=n2;
while(n1!=n2){
if(n1>n2)
n1=n1-n2;
else
n2=n2-n1;
}
cout<<"L.C.M="<<x*y/n1;
return 0;
}

Code 2:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int lcm(int,int);
int main(){
int a,b,l;
cout<<"Enter any two positive integers ";
cin>>a>>b;

if(a>b)
l = lcm(a,b);
else
l = lcm(b,a);

cout<<"LCM of two integers is "<<l;

return 0;
}

int lcm(int a,int b){

int temp = a;

while(1){
if(temp % b == 0 && temp % a == 0)
break;
temp++;
}

return temp;
}

50
LCM program in C++ with multiple numbers :

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int lcm(int,int);
int main()
{
int a,b=1;
cout<<"Enter positive integers. To quit press zero.";

while(1){
cin>>a;
if(a<1)
break;
else if(a>b)
b = lcm(a,b);
else
b = lcm(b,a);
}

cout<<"LCM is "<<b;

return 0;
}

int lcm(int a,int b){

int temp = a;

while(1){
if(temp % b == 0 && temp % a == 0)
break;
temp++;
}

return temp;
}

HFC program in C++ with two numbers :

Definition of HCF (Highest common factor):

HFC is also called greatest common divisor (gcd). HCF

of two numbers is a largest positive numbers which can
divide both numbers without any remainder. For example
HCF of two numbers 4 and 8 is 2 since 2 is the largest
positive number which can dived 4 as well as 8 without
a remainder.

51
Logic of HCF or GCD of any two numbers:

In HCF we try to find any largest number which can

divide both the number.
For example: HCF or GCD of 20 and 30
Both number 20 and 30 are divisible by 1, 2,5,10.
HCF=max (1, 2, 3, 4, 10) =10

Logic for writing program:

It is clear that any number is not divisible by greater

than number itself. In case of more than one numbers, a
possible maximum number which can divide all of the
numbers must be minimum of all of that numbers.

For example: 10, 20, and 30

Min (10, 20, 30) =10 can divide all there numbers. So
we will take one for loop which will start form min of
the numbers and will stop the loop when it became one,
since all numbers are divisible by one. Inside for loop
we will write one if conditions which will check
divisibility of both the numbers.
Program:
Code 1:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int x,y,m,i;

cout<<"Insert any two number: ";

cin>>x>>y;
if(x>y)
m=y;
else
m=x;

for(i=m;i>=1;i--){
if(x%i==0&&y%i==0){
cout<<"\nHCF of two number is : "<<i ;
break;
}
}
return 0;
}

52
code 2:

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){
int n1,n2;
cout<<"\nEnter two numbers:";
cin>>n1>>n2;

while(n1 != n2){
if(n1>n2-1)

n1=n1-n2;
else
n2=n2-n1;
}
cout<<"\nGCD="<<n1;
return 0;
}

HCF program with multiple numbers in c++

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int gcd(int ,int );
int main(){
int x,y=-1;
cout<<"Insert numbers. To exit insert zero: ";

while(1){
cin>>x;
if(x<1)
break;
else if(y==-1)
y=x;
else if (x<y)
y=gcd(x,y);
else
y=gcd(y,x);
}

cout<<"GCD is "<<y;

return 0;
}

int gcd(int x,int y){

int i;
for(i=x;i>=1;i--){
if(x%i==0&&y%i==0){
break;

53
 }
}
return i;
}

Swapping

C++ program to swap two numbers

using Temp

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a,b,temp;
cout<<"Enter any two integers: ";
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<"Before swapping a="<<a<<"and b="<<b;

temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
cout<<"\nAfter swapping a="<<a<<"and b="<<b;;

return 0;
}

Swapping with out Temp

Swapping in C++ without temporary variable

Swap 2 numbers without using third variable in C++
How to swap two numbers in C++ without using third
variable

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int a=5,b=10;

//process one
a=b+a;
b=a-b;
a=a-b;
cout<<"a= "<<a<<" b="<<b<<endl;

54
 //process two
a=5;b=10;
a=a+b-(b=a);
cout<<"a= "<<a<<" b="<<b<<endl;

//process three
a=5;b=10;
a=a^b;
b=a^b;
a=b^a;
cout<<"a= "<<a<<" b="<<b<<endl;

//process four
a=5;b=10;
a=b-~a-1;
b=a+~b+1;
a=a+~b+1;
cout<<"a= "<<a<<" b="<<b<<endl;

//process five
a=5,b=10;
a=b+a,b=a-b,a=a-b;
cout<<"a= "<<a<<" b="<<b;

return 0;
}

C++ program for swapping of two arrays

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a[10],b[10],c[10],i;
cout<<"Enter First array->";
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cin>>a[i];
cout<<"\nEnter Second array->";
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cin>>b[i];
cout<<"Arrays before swapping";
cout<<"\nFirst array->";
for(i=0;i<10;i++){
cout<<" "<<a[i];
}
cout<<"\nSecond array->";
for(i=0;i<10;i++){
cout<<" "<<b[i];
}
for(i=0;i<10;i++){
//write any swapping technique
c[i]=a[i];
a[i]=b[i];

55
 b[i]=c[i];
}
cout<<"\nArrays after swapping";
cout<<"\nFirst array->";
for(i=0;i<10;i++){
cout<<" "<<a[i];
}
cout<<"\nSecond array->";
for(i=0;i<10;i++){
cout<<" "<<b[i];
}
return 0;
}

C++ program to swap between two array of string

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string a[10],b[10],c[10];
int i;
cout<<"Enter First array string->"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cin>>a[i];
cout<<"\nEnter Second array string->"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cin>>b[i];
cout<<"Arrays of string before swapping"<<endl;
cout<<"\nFirst array string->";
for(i=0;i<10;i++){
cout<<" "<<a[i]<<endl;
}
cout<<"\nSecond array string->";
for(i=0;i<10;i++){
cout<<" "<<b[i]<<endl;
}
for(i=0;i<10;i++){
//write any swapping technique
c[i]=a[i];
a[i]=b[i];
b[i]=c[i];
}
cout<<"\nArrays of string after swapping"<<endl;
cout<<"\nFirst array string->"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<10;i++){
cout<<" "<<a[i]<<endl;
}
cout<<"\nSecond array string->";
for(i=0;i<10;i++){
cout<<" "<<b[i]<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

56
 Conversion ( Number System )
C++ Program to convert decimal to binary

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

long int decimalNumber,remainder,quotient;

int binaryNumber[100],i=1,j;

cout<<"Enter any decimal number: ";

cin>>decimalNumber;
quotient = decimalNumber;

while(quotient!=0){

binaryNumber[i++]= quotient % 2;

quotient = quotient / 2;
}

cout<<"Equivalent binary value of decimal number "<<decimalNumber<<"= ";

for(j = i -1 ;j> 0;j--)
cout<<binaryNumber[j];

return 0;

Sample output:

Enter any decimal number: 50

Equivalent binary value of decimal number 50: 110010

Algorithm:

Binary number system: It is base 2 number system which

uses the digits from 0 and 1.

Decimal number system:

It is base 10 number system which uses the digits from
0 to 9

Convert from decimal to binary algorithm:

57
Following steps describe how to convert decimal to
binary

Step 1: Divide the original decimal number by 2

Step 2: Divide the quotient by 2
Step 3: Repeat the step 2 until we get quotient equal
to zero.

Equivalent binary number would be remainders of each

step in the reverse order.

Decimal to binary conversion with example:

For example we want to convert decimal number 25 in the

binary.

Step 1: 25 / 2 Remainder : 1 , Quotient : 12

Step 2: 12 / 2 Remainder : 0 , Quotient : 6
Step 3: 6 / 2 Remainder : 0 , Quotient : 3
Step 4: 3 / 2 Remainder : 1 , Quotient : 1
Step 5: 1 / 2 Remainder : 1 , Quotient : 0

So equivalent binary number is: 11001

That is (25)10 = (11001)2

C++ program to convert decimal to octal

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

long int decimalNumber,remainder,quotient;

int octalNumber[100],i=1,j;

cout<<"Enter any decimal number: ";

cin>>decimalNumber;
quotient = decimalNumber;

while(quotient!=0){
octalNumber[i++]= quotient % 8;
quotient = quotient / 8;
}

58
 cout<<"Equivalent octal value of decimal number "<<decimalNumber<<"= ";
for(j = i -1 ;j> 0;j--)
cout<<octalNumber[j];

return 0;

Sample output:

Enter any decimal number: 50

Equivalent octal value of decimal number 50: 62

C++ program to convert Decimal to hexadecimal

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
long int decimalNumber,remainder,quotient;
int i=1,j,temp;
char hexadecimalNumber[100];

cout<<"Enter any decimal number: ";

cin>>decimalNumber;

quotient = decimalNumber;

while(quotient!=0){
temp = quotient % 16;

//To convert integer into character

if( temp < 10)
temp =temp + 48;
else
temp = temp + 55;

hexadecimalNumber[i++]= temp;
quotient = quotient / 16;
}

cout<<"Equivalent hexadecimal value of decimal number "<<decimalNumber<<"=";

for(j = i -1 ;j> 0;j--)
cout<<hexadecimalNumber[j];

return 0;
}

59
Sample output:

Enter any decimal number: 45

Equivalent hexadecimal value of decimal number 45: 2D

Hexadecimal number system: It is base 16 number system

which uses the digits from 0 to 9 and A, B, C, D, E, F.

Decimal number system:

It is base 10 number system which uses the digits from
0 to 9

Decimal to hexadecimal conversion method:

Following steps describe how to convert decimal to

hexadecimal

Step 1: Divide the original decimal number by 16

Step 2: Divide the quotient by 16
Step 3: Repeat the step 2 until we get quotient equal
to zero.

Equivalent binary number would be remainders of each

step in the reverse order.

Decimal to hexadecimal conversion example:

For example we want to convert decimal number 900 in

the hexadecimal.

Step 1: 900 / 16 Remainder : 4 , Quotient : 56

Step 2: 56 / 16 Remainder : 8 , Quotient : 3
Step 3: 3 / 16 Remainder : 3 , Quotient : 0

So equivalent hexadecimal number is: 384

That is (900)10 = (384)16

60
C++ program to convert Octal to binary
#include<iostream>
#define MAX 1000
using namespace std;
int main(){

char octalNumber[MAX];
long int i=0;
cout<<"Enter any octal number: ";
cin>>octalNumber;

cout<<"Equivalent binary value: ";

while(octalNumber[i]){
switch(octalNumber[i]){
case '0': cout<<"000"; break;
case '1': cout<<"001"; break;
case '2': cout<<"010"; break;
case '3': cout<<"011"; break;
case '4': cout<<"100"; break;
case '5': cout<<"101"; break;
case '6': cout<<"110"; break;
case '7': cout<<"111"; break;
default: cout<<"\nInvalid octal digit "<<octalNumber[i]; return 0;
}
i++;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter any octal number: 123

Equivalent binary value: 001010011

Algorithm:
Octal to binary conversion method:

To convert or change the octal number to binary number

replace the each octal digits by a binary number using
octal to binary chart.

Octal Binary
0 000
61
1 001
2 010
3 011
4 100
5 101
6 110
7 111
Octal to binary table

Octal to binary conversion examples:

For example we want to convert or change octal number

65201 to decimal. For this we will replace each octal
digit to binary values using the above table:
Octal number: 6 5 2 0 1
Binary values: 110 101 010 000 001

So (65201)8 = (110101010000001)2
C++ program to convert Octal to decimal conversion
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){

long int octal,decimal =0;

int i=0;

cout<<"Enter any octal number: ";

cin>>octal;

while(octal!=0){
decimal = decimal + (octal % 10) * pow(8,i++);
octal = octal/10;
}

cout<<"Equivalent decimal value:"<<decimal;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter any octal number: 346

Equivalent decimal value: 230

62
Algorithm:
Octal to decimal conversion method:

To convert an octal number to decimal number multiply

each digits separately of octal number from right side
by 8^0,8^1,8^2,8^3 … respectively and then find out
the sum of them.

Octal to decimal conversion examples:

For example we want to convert octal number 3401 to

decimal number.

Step 1: 1 * 8 ^0 = 1*1 =1
Step 2: 0 * 8 ^1 = 0*8 =0
Step 3: 4 * 8 ^2 = 4*64 =256
Step 4: 3 * 8 ^3 = 3*512 =1536

Sum= 1 + 0 + 256 + 1536 = 1793

So, (3401)8 = (1793)10

C++ program to convert Hexadecimal to binary conversion

#include<iostream>
#define MAX 1000
using namespace std;
int main(){
char binaryNumber[MAX],hexaDecimal[MAX];
long int i=0;

cout<<"Enter any hexadecimal number: ";

cin>>hexaDecimal;

cout<<"\nEquivalent binary value: ";

while(hexaDecimal[i]){
switch(hexaDecimal[i]){
case '0': cout<<"0000"; break;
case '1': cout<<"0001"; break;
case '2': cout<<"0010"; break;
case '3': cout<<"0011"; break;
case '4': cout<<"0100"; break;
case '5': cout<<"0101"; break;
case '6': cout<<"0110"; break;
case '7': cout<<"0111"; break;
case '8': cout<<"1000"; break;

63
 case '9': cout<<"1001"; break;
case 'A': cout<<"1010"; break;
case 'B': cout<<"1011"; break;
case 'C': cout<<"1100"; break;
case 'D': cout<<"1101"; break;
case 'E': cout<<"1110"; break;
case 'F': cout<<"1111"; break;
case 'a': cout<<"1010"; break;
case 'b': cout<<"1011"; break;
case 'c': cout<<"1100"; break;
case 'd': cout<<"1101"; break;
case 'e': cout<<"1110"; break;
case 'f': cout<<"1111"; break;
default: cout<<"\nInvalid hexadecimal digit "<<hexaDecimal[i];
return 0;
}
i++;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter any hexadecimal number: 2AD5

Equivalent binary value: 0010101011010101

Algorithm:
Hexadecimal to binary conversion method:

To convert or change the hexadecimal number to binary

number replace the each octal digits by a binary number
using hexadecimal to binary chart.

Hexadecimal Binary
0 0000
1 0001
2 0010
3 0011
4 0100
5 0101
6 0110
7 0111
8 1000

64
9 1001
A 1010
B 1011
C 1100
D 1101
E 1110
F 1111
Hexadecimal to binary table

Hexadecimal to binary conversion examples:

For example we want to convert or change hexadecimal

number 65B2 to binary. For this we will replace each
hexadecimal digit to binary values using the above
table:

Hexadecimal number: 6 5 B 2
Binary values: 0110 0101 1011 0010

So (65B2)16 = (0110010110110010)2

C++ program to convert Binary to octal

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

long int binaryNumber,octalNumber=0,j=1,remainder;

cout<<"Enter any number any binary number: ";
cin>>binaryNumber;

while(binaryNumber!=0){
remainder=binaryNumber%10;
octalNumber=octalNumber+remainder*j;
j=j*2;
binaryNumber=binaryNumber/10;
}

cout<<"Equivalent octal value: "<<octalNumber;

return 0;
}

65
Sample output:

Enter any number any binary number: 1101

Equivalent hexadecimal value: 15

Alogrithm:
Binary to octal conversion method:

Step1: Arrange the binary number in the group 3 from

right side.

Step 2: Replace the each group with following values:

Binary number Octal values

000 0
001 1
010 2
011 3
100 4
101 5
110 6
111 7
Binary to octal chart

Binary to octal conversion examples:

For example we want to convert binary number

1011010101001101 to octal.

Step 1: 001 011 010 101 001 101

Step 2: 1 3 2 5 1 5

So (1011010101001101)2 = (132515)8

66
C++ program to convert binary number to decimal number
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

long int binaryNumber,decimalNumber=0,j=1,remainder;

cout<<"Enter any number any binary number: ";

cin>>binaryNumber;

while(binaryNumber!=0){
remainder=binaryNumber%10;
decimalNumber=decimalNumber+remainder*j;
j=j*2;
binaryNumber=binaryNumber/10;
}

cout<<"Equivalent decimal value: "<<decimalNumber;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter any number any binary number: 1101

Equivalent decimal value: 13

Algorithm:
Binary number system: It is base 2 number system which
uses the digits from 0 and 1.

Decimal number system:

It is base 10 number system which uses the digits from
0 to 9

Convert from binary to decimal algorithm:

For this we multiply each digit separately from right

side by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 … respectively then add them.

67
Binary number to decimal conversion with example:

For example we want to convert binary number 101111 to

decimal:
Step1: 1 * 1 = 1
Step2: 1 * 2 = 2
Step3: 1 * 4 = 4
Step4: 1 * 8 = 8
Step5: 0 * 16 = 0
Step6: 1 * 32 = 32

Its decimal value: 1 + 2 + 4+ 8+ 0+ 32 = 47

That is (101111)2 = (47)10

C++ program Binary to hexadecimal conversion

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

long int binaryNumber,hexadecimalNumber=0,j=1,remainder;

cout<<"Enter any number any binary number: ";

cin>>binaryNumber;

while(binaryNumber!=0){
remainder=binaryNumber%10;
hexadecimalNumber=hexadecimalNumber+remainder*j;
j=j*2;
binaryNumber=binaryNumber/10;
}

cout<<"Equivalent hexadecimal value: "<<hexadecimalNumber;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter any number any binary number: 1101

Equivalent hexadecimal value: D

68
 String
C++ program to convert uppercase to lowercase
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
char str[20];
int i,j=0;
cout<<"Enter any string->";
cin>>str;
cout<<"The string is->"<<str;
while(str[j] !='\0')
{
j++;
}
for(i=0;i<=j;i++){
if(str[i]>=65&&str[i]<=90)
str[i]=str[i]+32;
}
cout<<endl<<"The string in lower case is->"<<str;
return 0;
}
Algorithm:
ASCII value of 'A' is 65 while 'a' is 97. Difference
between them is 97 – 65 = 32
So if we will add 32 in the ASCII value of 'A' then it
will be 'a' and if will we subtract 32 in ASCII value
of 'a' it will be 'A'. It is true for all alphabets.
In general rule:
Upper case character = Lower case character – 32
Lower case character = Upper case character + 32
C++ program to convert lowercase in to upper case
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
char str[20];
int i,j=0;
cout<<"Enter any string->";
cin>>str;
cout<<"The string is->"<<str;
while(str[j] !='\0')
{
j++;
}
for(i=0;i<=j;i++){
if(str[i]>=97&&str[i]<=122)
str[i]=str[i]-32;

69
 cout<<endl<<"The string in upper case is->"<<str;
return 0;
}

Algorithm:

ASCII value of 'A' is 65 while 'a' is 97. Difference

between them is 97 – 65 = 32
So if we will add 32 in the ASCII value of 'A' then it
will be 'a' and if will we subtract 32 in ASCII value
of 'a' it will be 'A'. It is true for all alphabets.
In general rule:
Upper case character = Lower case character – 32
Lower case character = Upper case character + 32

C++ program for sorting of strings

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int i,j,n;
char str[20][20],temp[20];
cout<<"Enter the no. of string to be sorted:";
cin>>n;
for(i=0;i<=n-1;i++)
cin>>str[i];
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
for(j=i+1;j<=n;j++){
if(strcmp(str[i],str[j])>0){
strcpy(temp,str[i]);
strcpy(str[i],str[j]);
strcpy(str[j],temp);
}
}
cout<<"The sorted string\n";
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
cout<<str[i]<<endl;
return 0;
}

C++ program for concatenation of two strings

Code 1:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

70
 int i=0,j=0;
char str1[20],str2[20];
cout<<"Enter first string\n";
cin>>str1;
cout<<"Enter second string\n";
cin>>str2;
cout<<"Before concatenation the strings are\n";
cout<<str1<<endl;
cout<<str2<<endl;
while(str1[i]!='\0'){
i++;
}
while(str2[j]!='\0'){
str1[i++]=str2[j++];
}
str1[i]='\0';
cout<<"After concatenation the strings are\n";
cout<<str1;
return 0;
}

Code 2:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void stringConcat(char[],char[]);
int main(){

char str1[100],str2[100];
int compare;

cout<<"Enter first string: ";

cin>>str1;

cout<<"Enter second string: ";

cin>>str2;

stringConcat(str1,str2);

cout<<"String after concatenation: "<<str1;

return 0;
}

void stringConcat(char str1[],char str2[]){

int i=0,j=0;

while(str1[i]!='\0'){
i++;
}

while(str2[j]!='\0'){

71
 str1[i] = str2[j];
i++;
j++;
}

str1[i] = '\0';
}
Sample output:
Enter first string: cquestionbank
Enter second string: @blogspot.com
String after concatenation: [email protected]
C++ program to reverse a string

Using strrev:

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int main(){
char str[50];
char *rev;
cout<<"Enter any string : ";
cin>>str;
rev = strrev(str);

cout<<"Reverse string is : "<<rev;

return 0;
}

without using strrev:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
char str[50];
char rev[50];
int i=-1,j=0;

cout<<"Enter any string : ";

cin>>str;

while(str[++i]!='\0');

while(i>=0)
rev[j++] = str[--i];

rev[j]='\0';

cout<<"Reverse of string is : "<<rev;

return 0;

72
}
Sample output:
Enter any string : cquestionbank.blogspot.com
Reverse of string is : moc.topsgolb.knabnoitseuqc

using recursion :
#include<iostream>
#define MAX 100
using namespace std;
char* getReverse(char[]);

int main(){

char str[MAX],*rev;

cout<<"Enter any string: ";

cin>>str;

rev = getReverse(str);

cout<<"Reversed string is: "<<rev;

return 0;
}

char* getReverse(char str[]){

static int i=0;

static char rev[MAX];

if(*str){
getReverse(str+1);
rev[i++] = *str;
}

return rev;
}

Sample output:

Enter any string: mona

Reversed string is: anom

C++ program to compare two strings

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int stringCompare(char[],char[]);
int main(){

73
 char str1[100],str2[100];
int compare;

cout<<"Enter first string: ";

cin>>str1;

cout<<"Enter second string: ";

cin>>str2;

compare = stringCompare(str1,str2);

if(compare == 1)
cout<<"Both strings are equal.";
else
cout<<"Both strings are not equal";

return 0;
}

int stringCompare(char str1[],char str2[]){

int i=0,flag=0;

while(str1[i]!='\0' && str2[i]!='\0'){

if(str1[i]!=str2[i]){
flag=1;
break;
}
i++;
}

if (flag==0 && str1[i]=='\0' && str2[i]=='\0')

return 1;
else
return 0;

Sample output:
Enter first string: cquestionbank.blogspot.com
Enter second string: cquestionbank.blogspot.com
Both strings are equal.

C++ program to copy String

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void stringCopy(char[],char[]);

74
int main(){

char str1[100],str2[100];
cout<<"Enter first string\n";
cin>>str1;
cout<<"Enter second string\n";
cin>>str2;
stringCopy(str1,str2);

cout<<"After copying: "<<endl;

cout<<"first string\n";
cout<<str1<<endl;
cout<<"second string\n";
cout<<str2;
return 0;
}

void stringCopy(char str1[],char str2[]){

int i=0;
while(str1[i]!='\0'){
str2[i] = str1[i];

i++;
}

str2[i]='\0';
}

Sample output:
Enter any string: cquestionbank.blogspot.com
After copying: cquestionbank.blogspot.com

75
 Matrix
C++ program to add two matrices
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a[3][3],b[3][3],c[3][3],i,j;
cout<<"Enter the First 3 X 3 matrix->";
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];
cout<<"\nEnter the Second 3 X 3 matrix->";
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cin>>b[i][j];
cout<<"\nThe First matrix is\n";
for(i=0;i<3;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
}

cout<<"\nThe Second matrix is\n";

for(i=0;i<3;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<b[i][j];
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
cout<<"\nThe Addition of two matrix is\n";
for(i=0;i<3;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<c[i][j];
}
return 0;
}

Algorithm:

Addition of two matrices:

Rule: Addition of two matrices is only possible if

both matrices are of same size.

76
Suppose two matrices A and B is of same size m X n

Sum of two matrices is defined as

(A + B)ij = Aij + Bij

Where 1 ≤ i ≤ m and 1 ≤ j ≤ n

For example:
Suppose two matrices A and B of size of 2 X 3 is as
follow:

C++ program to subtract two matrices

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a[3][3],b[3][3],c[3][3],i,j;
cout<<"Enter the First 3 X 3 matrix->";
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];
cout<<"\nEnter the Second 3 X 3 matrix->";
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cin>>b[i][j];
cout<<"\nThe First matrix is\n";
for(i=0;i<3;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<3;j++)

77
 cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
}

cout<<"\nThe Second matrix is\n";

for(i=0;i<3;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<b[i][j];
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
c[i][j]=a[i][j]-b[i][j];
cout<<"\nThe Addition of two matrix is\n";
for(i=0;i<3;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<c[i][j];
}
return 0;
}

Subtraction of two matrixes:

Rule: Subtraction of two matrixes is only possible if

both matrixes are of same size.

Suppose two matrixes A and B is of same size m X n

Subtraction of two marixes is defined as

(A - B)ij = Aij - Bij

Where 1 ≤ i ≤ m and 1 ≤ j ≤ n

For example:
Suppose two matrixes A and B of size of 3 X 2 is as
follow:

78
C++ program to multiply two matrices

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a[5][5],b[5][5],c[5][5],i,j,k,sum=0,m,n,o,p;
cout<<"\nEnter the row and column of first matrix";
cin>>m>>n;
cout<<"\nEnter the row and column of second matrix";
cin>>o>>p;
if(n!=o){
cout<<"Matrix mutiplication is not possible";
cout<<"\nColumn of first matrix must be same as row of second matrix";
}
else{
cout<<"\nEnter the First matrix->";
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];
cout<<"\nEnter the Second matrix->";
for(i=0;i<o;i++)
for(j=0;j<p;j++)
cin>>b[i][j];
cout<<"\nThe First matrix is\n";
for(i=0;i<m;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<n;j++){
cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
}

79
 }
cout<<"\nThe Second matrix is\n";
for(i=0;i<o;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<p;j++){
cout<<"\t"<<b[i][j];
}
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<p;j++)
c[i][j]=0;
for(i=0;i<m;i++){ //row of first matrix
for(j=0;j<p;j++){ //column of second matrix
sum=0;
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
sum=sum+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
c[i][j]=sum;
}
}
}
cout<<"\nThe multiplication of two matrix is\n";
for(i=0;i<m;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<p;j++){
cout<<"\t"<<c[i][j];
}
}
return 0;
}

Alogrithm:

Multiplication of two matrixes:

Rule: Multiplication of two matrixes is only possible

if first matrix has size m X n and other matrix has
size n x r. Where m, n and r are any positive integer.

Multiplication of two matrixes is defined as

80
Where 1 ≤ i ≤ m and 1 ≤ j ≤ n

For example:
Suppose two matrixes A and B of size of 2 x 2 and 2 x 3
respectively:

81
C++ program to find the sum of the diagonal matrix

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int a[10][10],i,j,sum=0,m,n;

cout<<"\nEnter the row and column of first matrix";

cin>>m>>n;
cout<<"\nEnter the elements of matrix:";
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];
cout<<"\nThe matrix is\n";

for(i=0;i<m;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<m;j++){
cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
}
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++){
for(j=0;j<n;j++){
if(i==j)
sum=sum+a[i][j];
}
}
cout<<"\n\nSum of the diagonal elements of a matrix is:"<<sum;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter the row and column of matrix: 3 3

Enter the elements of matrix: 2
3
5
6
7
9
2
6
7
The matrix is
2 3 5
6 7 9
2 6 7

82
Sum of the diagonal elements of a matrix is: 16

Alogrithm:
Sum of diagonal element of matrix:

Diagonal elements have been shown in the bold letter.

We can observer the properties any element Aij will

diagonal element if and only if i = j
C++ program to find out transport of a matrix
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a[10][10],b[10][10],i,j,k=0,m,n;
cout<<"\nEnter the row and column of first matrix";
cin>>m>>n;
cout<<"\nEnter the elements of matrix:";
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];
cout<<"\nThe matrix is\n";

for(i=0;i<m;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<m;j++){
cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
}
}

83
 for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
b[i][j]=0;
for(i=0;i<m;i++){
for(j=0;j<n;j++){
b[i][j]=a[j][i];
cout<<"\n"<<b[i][j];
}
}
cout<<"\n\nTraspose of a matrix is -> ";
for(i=0;i<m;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<m;j++){
cout<<"\t"<<b[i][j];
}
}
return 0;
}

C++ program to find inverse of a matrix

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int a[3][3],i,j,muL1,muL2;
float determinant=0;

cout<<"Enter the 9 elements of matrix: ";

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];

cout<<"\nThe matrix is\n";

for(i=0;i<3;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
}

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{

muL1=a[1][(i+1)%3]*a[2][(i+2)%3];
muL2=a[1][(i+2)%3]*a[2][(i+1)%3];
determinant = determinant + a[0][i]*(muL1 - muL2);
}
cout<<"\nInverse of matrix is: \n\n";
for(i=0;i<3;i++){
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
muL1=a[(i+1)%3][(j+1)%3] * a[(i+2)%3][(j+2)%3] ;

84
 muL2=a[(i+1)%3][(j+2)%3]*a[(i+2)%3][(j+1)%3];
cout<<"\t"<<(muL1- muL2)/ determinant;
}
cout<<"\n";
}

return 0;
}

Enter the 9 elements of matrix: 3

5
2
1
5
8
3
9
2

The matrix is

3 5 2
1 5 8
3 9 2
Inverse of matrix is:

0.70 -0.25 0.07

-0.09 -0.00 0.14
-0.34 0.25 -0.11

85
C++ program to display lower triangular matrix

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int a[3][3],i,j;
cout<<"Enter the 9 elements of matrix: ";
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];

cout<<"\nThe matrix is\n";

for(i=0;i<3;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
}

cout<<"\nSetting zero in lower triangular matrix\n";

for(i=0;i<3;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
if(i<=j)
cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
else
cout<<"\t"<<0;
}

return 0;
}

Enter the 9 elements of matrix: 1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

The matrix is

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Setting zero in lower triangular matrix

86
1 2 3
0 5 6
0 0 9

C++ program to display upper triangular matrix

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int a[3][3],i,j;
cout<<"Enter the 9 elements of matrix: ";
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];

cout<<"\nThe matrix is\n";

for(i=0;i<3;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
}

cout<<"\nSetting zero in upper triangular matrix\n";

for(i=0;i<3;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
if(i>=j)
cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
else
cout<<"\t"<<0;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the 9 elements of matrix: 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

87
The matrix is

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Setting zero in upper triangular matrix

1 0 0
4 5 0
7 8 9

C++ program to multiply matrix using Strassen

C++ code of two 2 by 2 matrix multiplication using
Strassen algorithm:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a[2][2],b[2][2],c[2][2],i,j;
int m1,m2,m3,m4,m5,m6,m7;

cout<<"Enter the 4 elements of first matrix: ";

for(i=0;i<2;i++)
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];

cout<<"Enter the 4 elements of second matrix: ";

for(i=0;i<2;i++)
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
cin>>b[i][j];

cout<<"\nThe first matrix is\n";

for(i=0;i<2;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
}

cout<<"\nThe second matrix is\n";

for(i=0;i<2;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<b[i][j];
}

m1= (a[0][0] + a[1][1])*(b[0][0]+b[1][1]);

m2= (a[1][0]+a[1][1])*b[0][0];
m3= a[0][0]*(b[0][1]-b[1][1]);
m4= a[1][1]*(b[1][0]-b[0][0]);

88
 m5= (a[0][0]+a[0][1])*b[1][1];
m6= (a[1][0]-a[0][0])*(b[0][0]+b[0][1]);
m7= (a[0][1]-a[1][1])*(b[1][0]+b[1][1]);

c[0][0]=m1+m4-m5+m7;
c[0][1]=m3+m5;
c[1][0]=m2+m4;
c[1][1]=m1-m2+m3+m6;

cout<<"\nAfter multiplication using \n";

for(i=0;i<2;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<c[i][j];
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the 4 elements of first matrix: 1
2
3
4
Enter the 4 elements of second matrix: 5
6
7
8

The first matrix is

1 2
3 4
The second matrix is

5 6
7 8
After multiplication using

19 22
43 50

89
C++ program to find determinant of a matrix
C++ code for Determinant of 2X2 matrix:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a[2][2],i,j,muL1,muL2;
int determinant=0;

cout<<"Enter the 4 elements of matrix: ";

for(i=0;i<2;i++)
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];

cout<<"\nThe First matrix is\n";

for(i=0;i<2;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
}

determinant = a[0][0]*a[1][1] - a[1][0]*a[0][1];

cout<<"\nDeterminant of 2 X 2 matrix is: "<<determinant;

return 0;
}

Enter the 4 elements of matrix: 4

8
3
9

The matrix is

4 8
3 9

Determinant of 2X2 matrix: 12

90
C++ code for Determinant of 3X3 matrix:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a[3][3],i,j,muL1,muL2;
int determinant=0;

cout<<"Enter the 9 elements of matrix: ";

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];

cout<<"\nThe First matrix is\n";

for(i=0;i<3;i++){
cout<<"\n";
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
cout<<"\t"<<a[i][j];
}

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
muL1=a[1][(i+1)%3]*a[2][(i+2)%3];
muL2=a[1][(i+2)%3]*a[2][(i+1)%3];
determinant = determinant + a[0][i]*(muL1 - muL2);

}
cout<<"\nDeterminant of 3 X 3matrix is: "<<determinant;

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the 9 elements of matrix: 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
The matrix is
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

Determinant of 3X3 matrix: 0

91
Alogrithm:
Determinant is possible only for square matrixes i.e. n
by n matrixes.
Determinant of 2 by 2 matrix:

Determinant of matrix has defined as: ad – cb

Determinant of 3 by 3 matrix:

Determinant of matrix has defined as: a00(a11*a22 –

a21*a12) + a01(a10*a22 – a20*a12) + a02(a10*a21 –
a20*a11)

Series
C++ program to find out the sum of series 1 + 2 + …. + n
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int n,i;
int sum=0;

cout<<"Enter the n i.e. max values of series: ";

cin>>n;

sum = (n * (n + 1)) / 2;

92
 cout<<"Sum of the series: ";

for(i =1;i <= n;i++){

if (i!=n)
cout<<i<<" + ";
else
cout<<i<<"= "<<sum;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter the n i.e. max values of series: 5

Sum of the series: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15

Mathematical Formula:

Sum of the series 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n = n (n+1)/2

C++ program to find out the sum of series 1^2 + 2^2 + …. + n^2

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int n,i;
int sum=0;

cout<<"Enter the n i.e. max values of series: ";

cin>>n;

sum = (n * (n + 1) * (2 * n + 1 )) / 6;

cout<<"Sum of the series: ";

for(i =1;i <= n;i++){

if (i!=n)
cout<<i<<"^2 + ";
else
cout<<i<<"^2= "<<sum;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:
93
Enter the n i.e. max values of series: 5
Sum of the series: 1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + 5^2 = 55

Mathematical Formula:

Sum of the series 12 + 22 + 32 + … + n2 =

n (n+1) (2n+1)/6
C++ program to find out the sum of series 1^3 + 2^3 + …. + n^3
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int n,i;
int sum=0;

cout<<"Enter the n i.e. max values of series: ";

cin>>n;

sum = pow(((n * (n + 1) ) / 2),2);

cout<<"Sum of the series: ";

for(i =1;i <= n;i++){

if (i!=n)
cout<<i<<"^3 + ";
else
cout<<i<<"^3= "<<sum;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:
Enter the n i.e. max values of series: 3
Sum of the series: 1^3 + 2^3 + 3^3 = 36

Mathematical Formula:
Sum of the series 13 + 23 + 33 + … + n3 = (n (n+1)/2)2
C++ program to find out the sum of in A.P. series

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int a,d,n,i,tn;

94
 int sum=0;

cout<<"Enter the first number of the A.P. series: ";

cin>>a;
cout<<"Enter the total numbers in the A.P. series: ";
cin>>n;

cout<<"Enter the common difference of A.P. series: ";

cin>>d;

sum = ( n * ( 2 * a + ( n -1 ) * d ) )/ 2;
tn = a + (n-1) * d;
cout<<"Sum of the series A.P.: ";

for(i=a;i<=tn; i= i + d ){
if (i != tn)
cout<<i<<"+ ";
else
cout<<i<<"= "<<sum;
}

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter the first number of the A.P. series: 1

Enter the total numbers in the A.P. series: 5
Enter the common difference of A.P. series: 3
Sum of the series: 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 = 35

Definition of arithmetic progression (A.P.):

A series of numbers in which difference of any two

consecutive numbers is always a same number that is
constant. This constant is called as common difference.

Example of A.P. series:

5 10 15 20 25 …

Here common difference is 5 since difference of any two

consecutive numbers for example 20 – 15 or 25 -20 is 5.

Sum of A.P. series:

Sn = n/2(2a + (n-1) d)

95
Tn term of A.P. series:

Tn = a + (n-1) d

C++ program to find out the sum of G.P series

Sum of GP series in C++ programming language

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int a,d,r,i,n,tn;
int sum=0;

cout<<"Enter the first number of the G.P. . series: ";

cin>>a;
cout<<"Enter the total numbers in the G.P. series: ";
cin>>n;

cout<<"Enter the common ratio of G.P. series: ";

cin>>r;

sum = (a*(1 - pow(r,n+1)))/(1-r);

tn = a * (1 -pow(r,n-1));

cout<<"tn term of G.P.:"<<tn;

cout<<"\nSum of the G.P.: "<<sum;

return 0;
}
Sample output:

Enter the first number of the G.P. series: 1

Enter the total numbers in the G.P. series: 5
Enter the common ratio of G.P. series: 2
tn term of G.P. : 16.000000
Sum of the G.P. : 63.000000

Definition of geometric progression (G.P.):

A series of numbers in which ratio of any two

consecutive numbers is always a same number that is
constant. This constant is called as common ratio.

96
Example of G.P. series:

2 4 8 16 32 64
Here common difference is 2 since ratio any two
consecutive numbers for example 32 / 16 or 64/32 is 2.

Sum of G.P. series:

Sn =a(1–rn+1)/(1-r)

Tn term of G.P. series:

Tn = arn-1

Sum of infinite G.P. series:

Sn = a/(1-r) if 1 > r
= a/(r-1) if r > 1
C++ program to find out the sum of infinite G.P. series: geometric progression
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

float a,r;
float sum=0;

cout<<"Enter the first number of the G.P. series: ";

cin>>a;

cout<<"Enter the common ratio of G.P. series: ";

cin>>r;

if(1 > r)
sum = a/(1-r);
else
sum = a/(r-1);

cout<<"\nSum of the infinite G.P. series: "<<sum;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter the first number of the G.P. series: 1

Enter the common ratio of G.P. series: .5

Sum of the infinite G.P. series: 2.000000

97
Enter the first number of the G.P. series: 5
Enter the common ratio of G.P. series: 2

Sum of the infinite G.P. series: 5.000000

Definition of geometric progression (G.P.):

A series of numbers in which ratio of any two

consecutive numbers is always a same number that is
constant. This constant is called as common ratio.

Example of G.P. series:

2 4 8 16 32 64
Here common difference is 2 since ratio any two
consecutive numbers for example 32 / 16 or 64/32 is 2.

Sum of G.P. series:

Sn =a(1–rn+1)/(1-r)

Tn term of G.P. series:

Tn = arn-1

Sum of infinite G.P. series:

Sn = a/(1-r) if 1 > r
= a/(r-1) if r > 1

Array
C++ program to find the largest element in an array

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a[50],size,i,big;
cout<<"\nEnter the size of the array: ";
cin>>size;
cout<<"\nEnter "<<size<<" elements in to the array:";
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
cin>>a[i];
big=a[0];
for(i=1;i<size;i++){
if(big<a[i])

98
 big=a[i];
}
cout<<"\nBiggest:"<<big;
return 0;
}

C++ program to find the second largest element in an array

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a[50],size,i,j=0,big,secondbig;
cout<<"\nEnter the size of the array: ";
cin>>size;
cout<<"\nEnter "<<size<<" elements in to the array:";
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
cin>>a[i];
big=a[0];
for(i=1;i<size;i++){
if(big<a[i]){
big=a[i];
j = i;
}
}

secondbig=a[size-j-1];
for(i=1;i<size;i++){
if(secondbig <a[i] && j != i)
secondbig =a[i];
}

cout<<"Second biggest:"<< secondbig;

return 0;
}
Sample output:
Enter the size of the array: 5
Enter 5 elements in to the array: 5 3 2 1 0
Second biggest: 3
C++ program to remove duplicated elements in an array
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int arr[50];
int *p;
int i,j,k,size,n;
cout<<"\nEnter size of the array: ";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\nEnter "<<n<<" elements into the array: ";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>arr[i];
size=n;
p=arr;
for(i=0;i<size;i++){
for(j=0;j<size;j++){

99
 if(i==j){
continue;
}
else if(*(p+i)==*(p+j)){
k=j;
size--;
while(k < size){
*(p+k)=*(p+k+1);
k++;
}
j=0;
}
}
}
cout<<"\nThe array after removing duplicates is: ";
for(i=0;i < size;i++){
cout<<endl<<arr[i];
}
return 0;
}
C++ program to delete an element at desired position from an array

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a[50],i,pos,size;
cout<<"\nEnter size of the array: ";
cin>>size;

cout<<"\nEnter "<<size<<" elements into the array: ";

for(i=0;i<size;i++)
cin>>a[i];

cout<<"\nEnter position where to delete: ";

cin>>pos;

i=0;
while(i!=pos-1)
i++;
while(i<10){
a[i]=a[i+1];
i++;
}

size--;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
cout<<endl<<a[i];

return 0;
}

C++ program to find largest and smallest number in an array

#include<iostream>

100
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a[50],size,i,big,small;

cout<<"\nEnter the size of the array: ";

cin>>size;
cout<<"\nEnter "<<size<<" elements in to the array: ";
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
cin>>a[i];

big=a[0];
for(i=1;i<size;i++){
if(big<a[i])
big=a[i];
}
cout<<"Largest element: "<<big<<endl;

small=a[0];
for(i=1;i<size;i++){
if(small>a[i])
small=a[i];
}
cout<<"Smallest element: "<<small;

return 0;
}

Sample Output:
Enter the size of the array: 4
Enter 4 elements in to the array: 2 7 8 1
Largest element: 8
Smallest element: 1

Sorting
Bubble sort using C++ program
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int s,temp,i,j,a[20];

cout<<"Enter total numbers of elements: ";

cin>>s;

cout<<"Enter "<<s<<" elements: ";

for(i=0;i<s;i++)
cin>>a[i];

101
 //Bubble sorting algorithm
for(i=s-2;i>=0;i--){
for(j=0;j<=i;j++){
if(a[j]>a[j+1]){
temp=a[j];
a[j]=a[j+1];
a[j+1]=temp;
}
}
}

cout<<"After sorting: ";

for(i=0;i<s;i++)
cout<<" "<<a[i];

return 0;
}

Output:
Enter total numbers of elements: 5
Enter 5 elements: 6 2 0 11 9
After sorting: 0 2 6 9 11
Insertion sort using C++ program
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int i,j,s,temp,a[20];
cout<<"Enter total elements: ";
cin>>s;

cout<<"Enter "<<s<<" elements: ";

for(i=0;i<s;i++)
cin>>a[i];

for(i=1;i<s;i++){
temp=a[i];
j=i-1;
while((temp<a[j])&&(j>=0)){
a[j+1]=a[j];
j=j-1;
}
a[j+1]=temp;
}

cout<<"After sorting: ";

for(i=0;i<s;i++)
cout<<" "<<a[i];

return 0;
}

102
Output:
Enter total elements: 5
Enter 5 elements: 3 7 9 0 2
After sorting: 0 2 3 7 9
Selection sort using C++ program
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int s,i,j,temp,a[20];

cout<<"Enter total elements: ";

cin>>s;

cout<<"Enter "<<s<<" elements: ";

for(i=0;i<s;i++)
cin>>a[i];

for(i=0;i<s;i++){
for(j=i+1;j<s;j++){
if(a[i]>a[j]){
temp=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=temp;
}
}
}

cout<<"After sorting is: ";

for(i=0;i<s;i++)
cout<<" "<<a[i];

return 0;
}

Output:
Enter total elements: 5
Enter 5 elements: 4 5 0 21 7
The array after sorting is: 0 4 5 7 21
Quick sort using C++ program
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void quicksort(int [10],int,int);

int main(){
int x[20],size,i;

103
cout<<"Enter size of the array: ";
cin>>size;
cout<<"Enter "<<size<<" elements: ";
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
cin>>x[i];
quicksort(x,0,size-1);
cout<<"Sorted elements: ";
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
cout<<" "<<x[i];

return 0;
}
void quicksort(int x[10],int first,int last){
int pivot,j,temp,i;

if(first<last){
pivot=first;
i=first;
j=last;

while(i<j){
while(x[i]<=x[pivot]&&i<last)
i++;
while(x[j]>x[pivot])
j--;
if(i<j){
temp=x[i];
x[i]=x[j];
x[j]=temp;
}
}

temp=x[pivot];
x[pivot]=x[j];
x[j]=temp;
quicksort(x,first,j-1);
quicksort(x,j+1,last);

}
}

Output:
Enter size of the array: 5
Enter 5 elements: 3 8 0 1 2
Sorted elements: 0 1 2 3 8
Merge sort program using C++ program
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 50

void mergeSort(int arr[],int low,int mid,int high);

void partition(int arr[],int low,int high);

104
int main(){

int merge[MAX],i,n;

cout<<"Enter the total number of elements: ";

cin>>n;

cout<<"Enter the elements which to be sort: ";

for(i=0;i<n;i++){
cin>>merge[i];
}

partition(merge,0,n-1);

cout<<"After merge sorting elements are: ";

for(i=0;i<n;i++){
cout<<" "<<merge[i];
}

return 0;
}

void partition(int arr[],int low,int high){

int mid;

if(low<high){
mid=(low+high)/2;
partition(arr,low,mid);
partition(arr,mid+1,high);
mergeSort(arr,low,mid,high);
}
}

void mergeSort(int arr[],int low,int mid,int high){

int i,m,k,l,temp[MAX];

l=low;
i=low;
m=mid+1;

while((l<=mid)&&(m<=high)){

if(arr[l]<=arr[m]){
temp[i]=arr[l];
l++;
}
else{
temp[i]=arr[m];
m++;
}
i++;
}

105
 if(l>mid){
for(k=m;k<=high;k++){
temp[i]=arr[k];
i++;
}
}
else{
for(k=l;k<=mid;k++){
temp[i]=arr[k];
i++;
}
}

for(k=low;k<=high;k++){
arr[k]=temp[k];
}
}

Sample output:

Enter the total number of elements: 5

Enter the elements which to be sort: 2 5 0 9 1
After merge sorting elements are: 0 1 2 5 9

106
 Recursion

Factorial program by recursion in C++

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int fact(int);
int main(){
int num,f;
cout<<"\nEnter a number: ";
cin>>num;
f=fact(num);
cout<<"\nFactorial of "<<num<<" is:"<<f;
return 0;
}

int fact(int n){

if(n==1)
return 1;
else
return(n*fact(n-1));
}

GCD program by recursion in C++

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int findgcd(int,int);
int main(){
int n1,n2,gcd;
cout<<"\nEnter two numbers: ";
cin>>n1>>n2;
gcd=findgcd(n1,n2);
cout<<"\nGCD of "<<n1<<" and "<<n2<<" is: "<<gcd;
return 0;
}

int findgcd(int x,int y){

while(x!=y){
if(x>y)
return findgcd(x-y,y);
else
return findgcd(x,y-x);
}
return x;
}

107
Sum of digits of a number using recursion in C++
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int findsum(int);
int main(){
int num,x;
cout<<"\nEnter a number: ";
cin>>num;
x=findsum(num);
cout<<"Sum of the digits of "<<num<<" is: "<<x;
return 0;
}

int r,s;
int findsum(int n){
if(n){
r=n%10;
s=s+r;
findsum(n/10);
}
else
return s;
}

Power of a number using recursion in C++

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
long int power(int,int);
int main(){
int pow,num;
long int res;
cout<<"\nEnter a number: ";
cin>>num;
cout<<"\nEnter power: ";
cin>>pow;
res=power(num,pow);
cout<<"\n "<<num<<" to the power "<<pow<<" is: "<<res;
return 0;
}
int i=1;
long int sum=1;
long int power(int num,int pow){
if(i<=pow){
sum=sum*num;
power(num,pow-1);
}
else
return sum;
}

108
 Area and volume
C++ program to calculate the area of circle
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define PI 3.141
int main(){
float r, a;
cout<<"Radius: ";
cin>>r;
a = PI * r * r;
cout<<"\n"<<a;
return 0;
}

Mathematical formula for area of circle:

Here Pie is constant which is equal to

Pie = 22/7 or
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510...

Radius is radius of the circle.

109
C++ program to find the area of a triangle

Formula of area of any triangle:

Area = √(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))
Where s = (a + b + c)/2

C++ code:
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){

float a,b,c;
float s,area;

cout<<"Enter size of each sides of triangle";

cin>>a>>b>>c;

s = (a+b+c)/2;
area = sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));

cout<<"Area of triangle is: "<<area;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter size of each sides of the triangle: 2 4 5

Area of triangle is: 3.800

110
 C++ program to find the area of an equilateral triangle

Formula of area of equilateral triangle:

Area = (√3)/4 * a2

C++ code:
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){

float a;
float area;

cout<<"Enter size of side of the equilateral triangle : ";

cin>>a;

area = sqrt(3)/4*(a*a);
cout<<"Area of equilateral triangle is: "<<area;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter size of side of the equilateral triangle: 5

Area of equilateral triangle is: 10.825

111
C++ program to find the area of a right angled triangle

Formula of area of right angled triangle:

Area = (1/2) * height * width

C++ code:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

float h,w;
float area;

cout<<"Enter height and width of the right angled triangle : ";

cin>>h>>w;

area = 0.5 * h * w;

cout<<"Area of right angled triangle is:"<<area;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter height and width of the right angled triangle: 10

5
Area of right angled triangle is: 25.000

112
C++ program to find the area of a rectangle

Formula of area of rectangle:

Area = length * width

C++ code:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

float l,w;
float area;

cout<<"Enter size of each sides of the rectangle : ";

cin>>l>>w;

area = l * w;
cout<<"Area of rectangle is: "<<area;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter size of each sides of the rectangle: 5.2 20

Area of rectangle is: 104.000
C++ program to find the area of a trapezium

Formula of area of trapezium:

Area = (1/2) * (a + b) * h

C++ code:

113
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

float b1,b2,h;
float area;

cout<<"Enter the size of two bases and height of the trapezium : ";
cin>>b1>>b2>>h;

area = 0.5 * ( b1 + b2 ) * h ;

cout<<"Area of trapezium is:"<<area;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter the size of two bases and height of the

trapezium: 5 8 3
Area of trapezium is: 19.500

C++ program for area of a cube

Formula of surface area of cube:

Surface_area = 6 * a2

Formula of volume of cube:

Volume = a3

114
C++ code:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){

float a;
float surface_area,volume;

cout<<"Enter size of any side of a cube : ";

cin>>a;

surface_area = 6 * (a * a);
volume = a * a * a;

cout<<"Surface area of cube is: "<<surface_area;

cout<<"\nVolume of cube is : "<<volume;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter size of any side of a cube: 3

Surface area of cube is: 54.000
Volume of cube is: 27.000
C++ program to find the volume and surface area of cuboids

Formula of surface area of cuboids:

115
Surface_area = 2 *(w*l + l*h + h*w)

Formula of volume of cuboids:

Volume = w * l * h

Space diagonal of cuboids:

Space_diagonal = √ (w*w + l*l + h*h)

C++ code:
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){

float w,l,h;
float surface_area,volume,space_diagonal;

cout<<"Enter size of width, length and height of a cuboids : ";

cin>>w>>l>>h;

surface_area = 2*(w*l + l*h + h*w);

volume = w * l * h;
space_diagonal = sqrt(w*w + l*l + h*h);

cout<<"Surface area of cuboids is: "<<surface_area;

cout<<"\nVolume of cuboids is : "<<volume;
cout<<"\nSpace diagonal of cuboids is :"<<space_diagonal;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter size of width, length and height of cuboids: 5 10

4
Surface area of cuboids is: 220.000
Volume of cuboids is: 200.000
Space diagonal of cuboids is: 11.874

116
C++ program for area of a cylinder

Formula of surface area of cylinder:

Surface_area = 2 * Pie * r * (r + h)

Formula of volume of cylinder:

Volume = Pie * r * r * h
Pie = 22/7 or
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510...

C++ code:

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){

float r,h;
float surface_area,volume;

cout<<"Enter size of radius and height of a cylinder : ";

cin>>r>>h;

surface_area = 2 * M_PI * r * (r + h);

volume = M_PI * r * r * h;

cout<<"Surface area of cylinder is:"<<surface_area;

cout<<"\nVolume of cylinder is :"<<volume;

return 0;
}

117
Sample output:

Enter size of radius and height of a cylinder: 4 10

Surface area of cylinder is: 351.858
Volume of cylinder is: 502.655
C++ program to find the volume and surface area of cone

Formula of surface area of cone:

Surface_area = Pie * r * (r + √ (r2 + h2))

Formula of volume of cone:

Volume = 1/3 * Pie * r2 * h
Pie = 22/7 or
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510...

Write a C++ program or code to find or calculate the

volume and surface area of cone
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){

float r,h;
float surface_area,volume;

cout<<"Enter size of radius and height of a cone : ";

cin>>r>>h;

surface_area = M_PI * r * (r + sqrt(r*r + h*h));

volume = (1.0/3) * M_PI * r * r * h;

118
 cout<<"Surface area of cone is: "<<surface_area;
cout<<"\nVolume of cone is : "<<volume;

return 0;
}

Sample output:

Enter size of radius and height of a cone: 3 10

Surface area of cone is: 126.672
Volume of cone is: 94.248

119