Scribd
Upload
85 views34 pages

Skeletal System2

The skeletal system has 5 main functions: providing support, protecting organs, acting as a framework for muscles, producing blood cells, and allowing limb movement. It has two main parts - the axial skeleton including the skull, spine and ribs, and the appendicular skeleton including all limbs. There are four types of bones - long, short, flat, and irregular. Bones are composed of two layers - a dense outer layer and a less dense inner layer. There are three types of joints that allow movement - ball and socket, hinge, and pivot joints. The skeletal system can experience problems like fractures, osteoporosis, scoliosis, dislocations, and arthritis. Maintaining skeletal health involves consuming calcium and vitamin D, exercising

Uploaded by

api-366982317
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
85 views34 pages

Skeletal System2

The skeletal system has 5 main functions: providing support, protecting organs, acting as a framework for muscles, producing blood cells, and allowing limb movement. It has two main parts - the axial skeleton including the skull, spine and ribs, and the appendicular skeleton including all limbs. There are four types of bones - long, short, flat, and irregular. Bones are composed of two layers - a dense outer layer and a less dense inner layer. There are three types of joints that allow movement - ball and socket, hinge, and pivot joints. The skeletal system can experience problems like fractures, osteoporosis, scoliosis, dislocations, and arthritis. Maintaining skeletal health involves consuming calcium and vitamin D, exercising

Uploaded by

api-366982317
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

SKELETAL SYSTEM

5 Main Functions
• 1. Provides support for the body

• 2. Protects internal organs from


damage.
• 3. Acts as framework for attached muscles.

• 4. Production of red and white blood cells


• 5. Allows movement of
limbs
2 main parts of skeletal system
• 1. Axial
• Center of skeleton
• Ribs, sternum,
skull, and spine

• 2. Appendicular
• All the limbs outside
the axial skeleton
4 Types of Bones
• 1. Long Bones
• Humerus, Femur (arm and leg bones)
• 2. Short Bones
• Found in wrist and ankle (carpals and tarsals)
• 3. Flat bones
• Ribs, Scapula
• 4. Irregular Bones
• Vertebrae
2 Layers of Bone
• 1. Periosteum – Outer layer
• Dense, thick, and hard
• 2. Endosteum – Inner layer
• Less dense bone that is sponge like.
Types of Joints
• 1. Joint – a location in the body where two or
more bones meet to enable movement.
• 2. Ball and Socket Joint
• Enables wide range of motion
• Example – shoulder and hip
• 3. Hinge Joint
• Lesser range of motion than ball and socket
• Example elbow and knee
• 4. Pivot Joint
• Enables rotation of head and forearm
Ball and Socket Joint
Hinge Joint
Pivot Joint
3 Types of Connective Tissue
• 1. Cartilage – strong, flexible tissue
that makes up soft parts of body.
• Tip of nose, ear
• All bones (from the time of birth) start
as cartilage.
• As cartilage hardens, it turns to bone.
This process is called ossification.
3 Types of Connective Tissue
• 2. Ligament – band of fibrous, elastic
tissue that connects BONE to BONE!
3 Types of Connective Tissue
• 3. Tendon – fibrous cord that attaches MUSCLE
to BONE!
• Achilles tendon in back of your foot
Problems of Skeletal System
• 1. Fracture – any type of break in
the bone
• 4 types
• 1a. Hairline Fracture – parts of
the bone do not separate
Problems of Skeletal System

•1b. Transverse Fracture –


when the break is
completely across the bone
Problems of Skeletal System

•1c. Comminuted Fracture –


bone shatters in more than 2
pieces
•1d. Compound Fracture
– break in bone
punctures the skin
Problems of Skeletal System
• 2. Osteoporosis – condition in which there
is a progressive loss of bone tissue
• Bones weaken and become brittle
• Caused by a lack of vitamin D and
calcium
• Milk and other dairy products are
excellent sources.
• Weight training and physical activity help
increase bone mass
Problems of Skeletal System
• 3. Scoliosis
• Lateral, side to side, curvature of the
spine.
• Depending on how serious, can be
treated by light exercise, a special brace,
or surgery.
Problems of the Joints
• 1. Dislocation – bone slips out
of place, tearing the ligaments
that attach bone to bone
Elbow Dislocation
Problems of the Joints

•2. Arthritis – inflammation of


a joint, resulting from natural
wear and tear
Problems of the Joints
• 3. Carpal tunnel syndrome –
ligaments and tendons in the wrist
swell, causing numbness, pain, and
weakness in the hand.
• Caused by normal wear and tear –
typing, writing, etc.
Keeping Skeletal System Healthy
• Consume Calcium and Vitamin D!
• Found in dairy products such as milk and
yogurt
• Participate in regular physical activity
• Light weight lifting can enhance bone
mass.
• Exercise promotes better blood circulation
which helps to nourish bones
Keeping Skeletal System Healthy
• Wear protective gear
• Helmets, pads with contact sports,
etc.
• Keep teeth clean!!
• Infections from cavities can
potentially spread to jaw bone and
other facial bones.
The Foot

The Hand 1. Color each


Bone a different
color

2. Carefully cut
Each bone out.

3. Accurately
Glue bones
On construction
Paper.

4. Label bones!

You might also like