Random-Access Memory (RAM
Random-Access Memory (RAM
used. A random-access memory device allows data items to be read or written in almost the same amount of time irrespective
of the physical location of data inside the memory. In contrast, with other direct-access data storage media such as hard
disks, CD-RWs, DVD-RWs and the older magnetic tapes and drum memory, the time required to read and write data items
varies significantly depending on their physical locations on the recording medium, due to mechanical limitations such as media
rotation speeds and arm movement.
RAM contains multiplexing and demultiplexing circuitry, to connect the data lines to the addressed storage for reading or writing
the entry. Usually more than one bit of storage is accessed by the same address, and RAM devices often have multiple data
lines and are said to be "8-bit" or "16-bit", etc. devices.
In today's technology, random-access memory takes the form of integrated circuits. RAM is normally associated
with volatile types of memory (such as DRAM modules), where stored information is lost if power is removed, although non-
volatile RAM has also been developed.[1] Other types of non-volatile memories exist that allow random access for read
operations, but either do not allow write operations or have other kinds of limitations on them. These include most types
of ROM and a type of flash memory called NOR-Flash.
Integrated-circuit RAM chips came into the market in the early 1970s, with the first commercially available DRAM chip, the Intel
1103, introduced in October 1970.[2]