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    Translation Formula.: LT. Laplace Transform

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    Rao Sami
    This document discusses Laplace transforms and their application to differential equations. It introduces the translation formula for Laplace transforms and provides examples of its use. It then defines the transfer function, weight function, and Green's function for a differential operator, showing how they allow the solution to an inhomogeneous differential equation to be written as a convolution. The weight function is also described as the solution to related initial value problems involving the differential operator and impulse response.

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    Translation Formula.: LT. Laplace Transform

    Uploaded by

    Rao Sami
    21 views3 pages
    This document discusses Laplace transforms and their application to differential equations. It introduces the translation formula for Laplace transforms and provides examples of its use. It then defines the transfer function, weight function, and Green's function for a differential operator, showing how they allow the solution to an inhomogeneous differential equation to be written as a convolution. The weight function is also described as the solution to related initial value problems involving the differential operator and impulse response.

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    lapalace transform

    Original Title

    Laplace Transform

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    This document discusses Laplace transforms and their application to differential equations. It introduces the translation formula for Laplace transforms and provides examples of its use. It then defines the transfer function, weight function, and Green's function for a differential operator, showing how they allow the solution to an inhomogeneous differential equation to be written as a convolution. The weight function is also described as the solution to related initial value problems involving the differential operator and impulse response.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views3 pages

    Translation Formula.: LT. Laplace Transform

    Uploaded by

    Rao Sami
    This document discusses Laplace transforms and their application to differential equations. It introduces the translation formula for Laplace transforms and provides examples of its use. It then defines the transfer function, weight function, and Green's function for a differential operator, showing how they allow the solution to an inhomogeneous differential equation to be written as a convolution. The weight function is also described as the solution to related initial value problems involving the differential operator and impulse response.

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    of 3

    LT.

    Laplace Transform

    1. Translation formula. The usual L.T. formula for translation on the t-axis is
    � � � �
    (1) L u(t − a)f (t − a) = e−as F (s), where F (s) = L f (t) , a > 0.

    This formula is useful for computing the inverse Laplace transform of e−as F (s), for example.
    On the other hand, as written above it is not immediately applicable to computing the L.T.
    of functions having the form u(t − a)f (t). For this you should use instead this form of (1):
    � � � �
    (2) L u(t − a)f (t) = e−as L f (t + a) , a > 0.

    Example 1. Calculate the Laplace transform of u(t − 1)(t2 + 2t).

    Solution. Here f (t) = t2 + 2t, so (check this!) f (t + 1) =

    t2 + 4t + 3. � So by (2),
    2 4 3
    L u(t − 1)(t2 + 2t) = e−s L(t2 + 4t + 3) = e−s
    � �
    + 2+ .
    s3 s s

    Example 2. Find L u(t − �2 ) sin t .


    � �

    L u(t − �2 ) sin t = e−�s/2 L sin(t + �2


    � � � �
    Solution.
    s
    = e−�s/2 L(cos t) = e−�s/2 .
    s2 + 1

    Proof of formula (2). According to (1), for any g(t) we have


    � � � �
    L u(t − a)g(t − a) = e−as L g(t) ;
    this says that to get the factor on the right side involving g, we should replace t − a by t in
    the function g(t − a) on the left, and then take its Laplace transform.
    Apply this procedure to the function f (t), written in the form f (t) = f ((t − a) + a); we
    get (“replacing t − a by t and then taking the Laplace Transform”)
    � � � �
    L u(t − a)f ((t − a) + a) = e−as L f (t + a) ,
    exactly the formula (2) that we wanted to prove. �

    Exercises. Find: a) L u(t − a)et


    � � � � � �
    b) L u(t − �) cos t c) L u(t − 2)te−t

    ea s e−2 (2s + 3)
    Solutions. a) e−as b) −e−�s 2
    c) e−2s
    s−1 s +1 (s + 1)2

    1
    2 18.03 NOTES

    2. The transfer function and Green’s function.


    If we use the Laplace transform to solve the IVP
    y �� + ay � + by = r(t), y(0) = 0, y � (0) = 0,
    the transform of the IVP, with the usual notation, is
    s2 Y + asY + bY = R(s) ;
    whose solution for Y = L−1 (y) is
    1
    Y = R(s) ;
    s2
    + as + b
    using the convolution operator to take the inverse transform, we get as the solution (further
    down the function w(t) is defined):
    � t
    (3) y = r(t) � w(t) = r(u)w(t − u) du .
    0

    In this form of the solution, the following terminology is often used. Let p(D) = D 2 +aD +b
    be the differential operator; then we write
    1
    W (s) = the transfer function for p(D),
    s2
    + as + b
    � �
    w(t) = L−1 W (s) the weight function for p(D),
    G(t, u) = w(t − u) the Green’s function for p(D).

    The important thing to note is that each of these depends only on the operator, not on the
    forcing function r(t); once they are calculated, the solution (3) to the IVP can be written
    down immediately as the definite integral there, and used for a variety of different r(t).
    The weight function w(t) can be thought of as the unique solution to the IVP

    (4) y �� + ay � + by = 0; y(0) = 0, y � (0) = 1;

    or as the solution to the IVP

    (5) y �� + ay � + by = �(t); y(0) = 0, y � (0− ) = 0;

    in the second equation, �(t) is the Dirac delta function. Both IVP’s model (for a, b > 0) a
    damped spring-mass system which is initially at rest, but whose mass is given a unit impulse
    at time zero, say by a sharp blow.
    It is an easy exercise to show that w(t) is the solution to both IVP’s. As an example of
    Green’s functions, see the last few Laplace Transform exercises (in Section 3D).
    MIT OpenCourseWare
    http://ocw.mit.edu

    18.03 Differential Equations ��


    Spring 2010

    For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

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