Id No.: Ret/ /: Electrical Machines (Eceg4221) Test #2 (15%) Max. Time Allotted: 1:00 HR

ID NO.
: RET/ /
Adigrat University
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
Electrical Machines (ECEg4221)
Test #2(15%)
Max. Time allotted: 1:00 hr
1. One of the following doesn’t belong to the transformer characteristics.
A. it has moving parts.
B. no electrical connection between the primary and secondary windings.
C. windings are magnetically coupled.
D. frequency is unchanged.
2. In transformers _____________________________are used to provide tight
magnetic coupling and high flux densities.
3. In transformer design, the magnetic core is formed of
___________________________________to reduce core losses.
4. In _____________________________ transformer, the coils are not arranged with the
primary winding on one leg and the secondary on the other but instead half of the
primary winding and half of the secondary winding are placed one over the other
concentrically on each leg in order to increase magnetic coupling.
5. Transformers are also used to measure voltages and currents; theses are known as
___________________________________.
6. The primary and secondary windings in a physical transformer are wrapped one on
top of the other with the low-voltage winding innermost. Such an arrangement serves
two purposes:
A. ______________________________________________________________
B. ______________________________________________________________
7. The main points/properties of an ideal transformer are:
A. ______________________________________________________________
B. ______________________________________________________________
C. ______________________________________________________________
D. ______________________________________________________________
E. ___________________________________________
8. The major items to be considered in the construction of a practical/real transformer
model are:
A. __________________________________________
B. __________________________________________
Adigrat University
Test #2(15%)
C. __________________________________________
D. __________________________________________
9. Two tests, ____________________________and __________________________,
will provide information for determining the parameters of the equivalent circuit of
a transformer. What parameters are determined from each test?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________ is defined as the change in secondary terminal
voltage as the load current changes from no load to full load condition.
11. ______________________________________ indicates that load variations on the
secondary of that transformer will not significantly affect the magnitude of the voltage
being supplied to the load.
12. A 1000-VA 230/115- V transformer has been tested to determine its equivalent circuit.
The results of the tests are shown below.
All data given were taken from the primary side of the transformer.
a) Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the low-voltage side of
the transformer.
b) Calculate the full-load voltage regulation at 0.8 lagging power factor. Draw the
phasor diagram.
ID NO.: RET/ /
1. One of the following doesn’t belong to the transformer characteristics

Adigrat University
Test #2(15%)
A. it has moving parts
B. no electrical connection between the primary and secondary windings,
C. windings are magnetically coupled,
D. frequency is unchanged.
2. Ferromagnetic cores are used to provide tight magnetic coupling and high flux
densities.
3. In transformer design; to reduce core losses, the magnetic core is formed of a stack of
thin laminations.
4. In core type transformer , The coils are not arranged with the primary winding on one
leg and the secondary on the other but instead half of the primary winding and half of
the secondary winding are placed one over the other concentrically on each leg in
order to increase magnetic coupling
5. Transformers are also used to measure voltages and currents; theses are known as
instrument transformers.
6. The primary and secondary windings in a physical transformer are wrapped one on
top of the other with the low-voltage winding innermost. Such an arrangement serves
two purposes:
A. It simplifies the problem of insulating the high-voltage winding from the core.
B. It results in much less leakage flux than would be the case if the two windings
were separated by a distance on the core.
7. The main points of an ideal transformer are:
A. no winding resistance,
B. no leakage ﬂux (all the flux are confined to the core and link both windings
C. Self inductance and mutual inductance are zero,
D. no losses due to resistance, no losses due to hysteresis or eddy current (no core
losses) and
E. Permeability of the core is infinite (therefore, the exciting current required to
establish flux in the core is negligible; that is the net mmf required to establish
a flux in the core is zero)
8. The major items to be considered in the construction of such a model are:
A. Copper(𝑰𝟐 𝑹) losses. Copper losses are the resistive heating losses in the
primary and secondary windings of the transformer. They are proportional to
the square of the current in the windings.
B. Eddy current losses. Eddy current losses are resistive heating losses in
the core of the transformer. They are proportional to the square of the voltage
applied to the transformer.
C. Hysteresis losses. Hysteresis losses are associated with the rearrangement of
the magnetic domains in the core during each half-cycle, as explained in
Chapter 1. They are a complex, nonlinear function of the voltage applied to
the transformer.
D. Leakage flux. The fluxes 𝜙𝑙1 and 𝜙𝑙2 which escape the core and pass through
only one of the transformer windings are leakage fluxes. These escaped
fluxes produce a self-inductance in the primary and secondary coils, and the
effects of this inductance must be accounted for.
Adigrat University
Test #2(15%)
9. Two tests, no-load test (or open-circuit test) and short-circuit test, will provide
information for determining the parameters of the equivalent circuit of a transformer.
What parameters are determined from each test.
10. The voltage regulation of a transformer is defined as the change in secondary
terminal voltage as the load current changes from no load to full load condition and is
11. a low value VR indicates that load variations on the secondary of that transformer
will not significantly affect the magnitude of the voltage being supplied to the
load.
12. A 1000-VA 230/115- V transformer has been tested to determine its equivalent
circuit. The results of the tests are shown below.
All data given were taken from the primary side of the transformer.
c) Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the low-voltage side of
the transformer.
Calculate the full-load voltage regulation at 0.8 lagging power factor

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1. One of the following doesn’t belong to the transformer characteristics

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