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Introduction to British

National Properties of United Kingdom

By

Group 5

Asih Putri Wardhani 150110101049

David T. Anggara 150110101052

Elok Rahmawati 150110101083

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A. National Flag of United Kingdom

The national flag of the United Kingdom is the Union Jack, also known as
the Union Flag. The current design of the Union Jack dates from the union of Ireland and
Great Britain in 1801. It consists of the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England),
edged in white, superimposed on the Cross of St Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which
are superimposed on the Saltire of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland). Wales is not
represented in the Union Flag by Wales's patron saint, Saint David, as at the time the flag
was designed Wales was part of the Kingdom of England.

B. National anthem of United kingdom

The national anthem of United Kingdom is God save the Queen. It will be King
depending on who will lead the monarch, male or woman. The anthem is
the national or royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, their territories, and
the British Crown Dependencies. The author of the tune is unknown and it may originate
in plainchant.

C. National park of United Kingdom

National parks are a devolved matter with each of the countries of the United
Kingdom having its own policies and arrangements. Other definition is The National parks
are managed areas of outstanding landscape where habitation and commercial activities are
restricted. It is beautiful areas of mountains, meadows, moorlands, woods and wetlands.
They are areas of protected countryside that everyone can visit, and where people live and
work.

The United Kingdom has fifteen national parks with ten in England, three in Wales
and two in Scotland. These parks are not truly national parks according to the
internationally accepted standard of the IUCN but they are areas of
outstanding landscape where habitation and commercial activities are restricted. While in
Northern Ireland, there are currently no national park because there are controversial moves
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to establish one in the Mourne Mountains If established, it would stretch from Carlingford
Lough to Newcastle and Slieve Croob.

Though it might create jobs in tourism, there are fears that it would drive up the
area's cost of living all fifteen national parks share two statutory purposes. First, to conserve
and enhance the natural and cultural heritage of the area, and the second to promote
understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of the national park by the public.
While the Scottish national parks have two further statutory purposes; To promote
sustainable use of the natural resources of the area, and to promote sustainable economic
and social development of the area’s communities. The Broads is not a national park, but
is a member of the UK national parks family, with the same level of landscape protection,
and an additional statutory purpose; to protect the interests of navigation. While the most
beautiful National Park in United Kingdom is in Wales known as Snowdonia.

All fifteen national parks in the UK are members of the Association of National
Park Authorities (ANPA), which works to promote the UK national parks family and to
facilitate training and development between staff and members of all parks.

D. National museum of United Kingdom

United Kingdom have a number of National Museum which are all located in
England. Those are owned and operated by the state. The national museums of the UK are
funded by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) of the United Kingdom
government. There are 14 national museums, all established by Acts of Parliament, as well
as another eight which are sponsored by the DCMS.

The most popular national Museum in United Kingdom is the British National
Museum, located in the Bloomsbury area of London, and as a public institution dedicated
to human history, art and culture. British national museum is one of the largest museum in
the world. There are over 8 million works there, its permanent collection. It is among the
largest and the most comprehensive in existence and originates from all continents,
illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present.

In addition, not only in England but also there are National Museums
in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, which are supported by the devolved legislatures.
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National museums in Scotland are funded by the Scottish Executive Education

Department, in Wales by the Welsh Assembly Government, and in Northern Ireland by
the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure of the Northern Ireland Executive.

Free entrance is standard practice in all UK National Museums, although some

exhibits do require an admission fee to view. Several of the museums have more than one
location throughout the UK.

E. National symbol of United Kingdom

Symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man is a list
of the national symbols of the United Kingdom, its constituent countries (England,
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland), and the British Crown dependencies (the Channel
Islands and the Isle of Man). Each separate entry has its own set of unique symbols. Each
country has their own Patron saint and flower to show their identity.
First of all is England as the main country of UK has their own symbol. They have
Patron Saint known as St. George, for National Flower they use ‘Tudor Rose. Adopted as
England’s emblem since the time of the Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485)
between the royal house of Lancaster (whose emblem was a red rose) and the royal house
of York (whose emblem was a white rose). “Tudor Rose” used to symbolize the end of the
Wars of the Roses. The national animal of England is Lion.
Second, there is Scotland that have Patron Saint known as St. Andrew. The National
Flower is the thistle. Thistle is a prickly-leaved purple flower which was first used in the
15th century as a symbol of defend. The thistle has been a Scottish symbol for more than
500 years. It was found on ancient coins and coats of arms. For the national animal, they
the Unicorn as their symbol.
Next is Wales. Their patron is St David. The national flower of Wales is the
daffodil, which is traditionally worn on St. David’s Day. While the national animal of wales
is the red dragon.
The last is Northern Ireland. They have official patron known as St. Patrick. Their
national flower is the shamrock, a three-leaved plant similar to clover. It is Northern a
symbol of trinity. Unfortunately, they do not have National animal.
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F. National Trust of the United Kingdom

National Trust is a conservation organisation that has the purpose to look after
places of historic interest or natural beauty permanently for the benefit of the nation across
England, Wales, and Northen Ireland. It is a charity that was found in 1895 as the act of
consideration of the impoertance of national heritage and open spaces and wanted to
preserve them for everyone to enjoy.

It looks after coastline, forests, woods, fens, beaches, farmland, moorland, islands,
archaeological remains, nature reserves, villages, historic houses, gardens, mills and pubs
and one of the world's largest art collections. It restores them, protect them and open
them up to everyone. Some properties are not able to fund their own permanent
preservation because the cost of caring is to high. So that, national trust relys on the
support of the members, donors and volunteers, as well as income from grant-making
bodies and commercial activities such as retail and catering, to look after the places in its
care.
Heres are the most visited properties
Property Location Visitors

1 Giant's Causeway County Antrim 589,045

2 Stourhead Wiltshire 423,332

3 Cliveden Buckinghamshire 404,520

4 Attingham Park Shropshire 403,508

5 Belton House Lincolnshire 402,390

6 Waddesdon Manor Buckinghamshire 390,127

7 Fountains Abbey Estate North Yorkshire 373,767

8 Carrick-a-Rede County Antrim 353,730

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9 Polesden Lacey Surrey 339,396

10 Anglesey Abbey Cambridgeshire 338,028

G. English Heritage
English Heritage (officially the English Heritage Trust) is a registered charity found 1983
that manages the National Heritage Collection. This comprises over 400 of England's historic
buildings, monuments and sites spanning more than 5,000 years of history. Within its portfolio
are Stonehenge, Dover Castle, Tintagel Castle and the best preserved parts of Hadrian's Wall.
English Heritage also manages the London Blue Plaques scheme, which links influential historical
figures to particular buildings.

H. The National Trust for Scotland

The National Trust for Scotland cares for 129 properties across the length and
breadth of Scotland. The buildings that the Trust's Buildings Team manage and conserve
are as diverse as the list is long, and encompass every aspect of Scotland's rich built
heritage.
This includes over 15 historic houses, 10 castles, a palace, and many more properties
relating to the industry, commerce and agriculture of Scotland's history.
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I. The British Library

The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and the largest
library in the world by number of items catalogued (it holds well over 150 million items
from many countries) which was created on 1 July 1973 as a result of the British Library
Act 1972. It is An Act to establish a national library for the United Kingdom under the
control and management of a new Board and incorporating the Library of the British
Museum; and for connected purposes. Especially, in order to manage the Library as 'a
national centre for reference, study, and bibliographic and other information services, in
relation both to scientific and technological matters and to the humanities'. Today, The
Library is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture,
Media and Sport. Prior to this, the national library was part of the British Museum, which
provided the bulk of the holdings of the new library, alongside smaller organisations which
were folded in (such as the National Central Library, the National Lending Library for
Science and Technology and the British National Bibliography). The British Library has a
document storage centre and reading room near Boston Spa, near Wetherby in West
Yorkshire. The core of the Library's historical collections is based on a series of donations
and acquisitions from the 18th century, known as the "foundation collections". The library
is open to anyone with a need to use the collections and services. Anyone with a permanent
address who wishes to carry out research can apply for a Reader Pass; they are required to
provide proof of signature and address.

J. National Architecture of The United Kingdom

The architecture of the United Kingdom consists of the eclectic combination

of architectural styles, such as Roman, to 21st century contemporary. Ireland, Scotland,
and Wales have each fostered unique styles and played leading roles in the
international history of architecture. British architectural history effectively begins with the
first Anglo-Saxon Christian churches, built soon after Augustine of Canterbury arrived
in Great Britain in 597. Norman architecture was built on a vast scale throughout Great
Britain and Ireland from the 11th century onwards in the form of castles and churches to
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help impose Norman authority upon their dominions. English Gothic architecture, which
flourished between 1180 until around 1520, was initially imported from France, but
quickly developed its own unique qualities. Tudor style, English Baroque, Queen Anne
Style, and Palladian Georgian, Scots Baronial and Neoclassical architecture advanced
after the Scottish Enlightenment, and since the 1930s various modernist forms appeared,
though traditionalist resistance movements continue with support from Charles, Prince of
Wales.

 Architecture of England

Many ancient standing stone monuments were erected during the prehistoric
period, amongst the best known is Stonehenge. The Ancient Roman architecture brought
the development of basilicas, baths, amphitheatres, triumphal arches, villas, Roman
temples, Roman roads, Roman forts, stockades and aqueducts, the well-preserved example
is the Roman Baths at Bath, Somerset. Early Medieval architecture's secular buildings
were simple constructions mainly using timber with thatch for roofing. Ecclesiastical
architecture ranged from a synthesis of Hiberno—Saxon monasticism and architecture
characterised by pilaster-strips, blank arcading, baluster shafts and triangular headed
openings. The best known medieval castles include the Tower of London, Warwick
Castle, Durham Castle and Windsor Castle amongst others. Throughout the Plantagenet
era an English Gothic architecture flourished—the medieval cathedrals such
as Canterbury Cathedral, Westminster Abbey and York Minster are prime examples.

 Architecture of Northern Ireland

Norman architecture in Northern Ireland include Carrickfergus Castle. Other

medieval castles include Greencastle, Jordan's Castle, Dunluce
Castle, Dundrum and Harry Avery's Castle. Enniskillen Castle dates back to early modern
Ireland. Fortified homes andbawns continued to be built well into the 17th century, a result
of the Plantation of Ulster. Northern Ireland in the 18th and 19th centuries produced two
varieties of architecture, constructed along the divide of societal privilege; "sumptuous"
manor houses of the landed gentry include Castle Ward and Hillsborough Castle; for many
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however, domestic life was restricted to "humble cottages". During the Victorian
era, Belfast flaunted its economic prowess with "splendid" Victorian architecture.

 Architecture of Scotland

Prehistoric architecture is found throughout Scotland. Scotland is known for its

"dramatically placed castles, fused onto defensive ridges and rocky islands".[24] Many of
these date from Scotland in the Middle Ages. In contrast to England, which embarked
on Elizabethan houses, Scotland saw the building of castles and fortified houses continue
well into the 17th century, and many were constructed in a building-boom following the
Scottish Reformation. The grandest medieval Scottish castles are composed of a series of
courtyards, with a keep at their centre, but the lone keep-towers were more common,
particularly amongst Scottish feudal barons. Some of Scotland's most famous medieval
fortifications include Castle Stalker and Stirling Castle. Scotland produced "the most
important British architects of this age": Colen Campbell, James Gibbs and Robert
Adam were Scots interpreting the first phase of Classical forms of ancient Greece and
Rome inPalladian architecture. Edinburgh's New Town was the focus of this classical
building boom, resulting in the city being nicknamed "The Athens of the North" on account
both of its intellectual output from the Scottish Enlightenment and the city's neo-classical
architecture. Christian architecture in Scotland has a distinct style; The Royal Institute of
British Architects have stated that "Scottish churches are peculiarly plain, low and often
quite humble buildings". The Scottish Reformation revolutionised church architecture in
Scotland, because the Scottish Calvinists rejected ornamental places of worship and few
churches escaped their attention.

 Architecture of Wales

Cromlechs and other prehistoric architecture exits in Wales. Examples

include Bryn Celli Ddu a neolithic site on the Isle of Anglesey, and Parc Cwm long
cairn on the Gower Peninsula. Contemporary architecture has appeared in Wales
from Cardiff Bay to Caernarfon, and has a tradition of mixing traditional Welsh materials
in to modern construction techniques.

K. The National Gallery

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The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of

Westminster, in Central London. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300
paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The Gallery is an exempt charity, and
a non-departmental public body of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Its
collection belongs to the government on behalf of the British public, and entry to the main
collection is free of charge. It is among the most visited art museums in the world, after
the Louvre, the British Museum, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

L. Big Ben

Big Ben is the nickname for the Great Bell of the clock at the north end of
the Palace of Westminster in London and is usuallyextended to refer to both the clock and
the clock tower as well. The tower is officially known as Elizabeth Tower, renamed to
celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2012; previously, it was known simply as
the Clock Tower. When completed in 1859, it was, says clockmaker Ian Westworth, “the
prince of timekeepers: the biggest, most accurate four-faced striking and chiming clock in
the world.” A British cultural icon, the tower is one of the most prominent symbols of the
United Kingdom. It was raised as a part of Charles Barry's design for a new palace, after
the old Palace of Westminster was largely destroyed by fire on the night of 16 October
1834. The new parliament was built in a neo-gothic style. Despite being one of the world's
most famous tourist attractions, the interior of the tower is not open to overseas visitors,
though United Kingdom residents are able to arrange tours (well in advance) through their
Member of Parliament. However, the tower currently has no lift, though one is planned, so
those escorted must climb the 334 limestone stairs to the top.
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M. London Bridge

A number of bridges named London Bridge have spanned the River

Thames between the City of London and Southwark, in central London. The current
crossing, which opened to traffic in 1973, is a box girder bridge built from concrete and
steel. This replaced a 19th-century stone-arched bridge, which in turn superseded a 600-
year-old medieval structure. This was preceded by a succession of timber bridges, the first
built by the Roman founders of London. Until Putney Bridge opened in 1729, London
Bridge was the only road-crossing of the Thames downstream of Kingston upon Thames.
Its importance has been the subject of popular culture throughout the ages such as in
thenursery rhyme "London Bridge Is Falling Down" and its inclusion within art and
literature. The modern bridge is owned and maintained by Bridge House Estates, an
independent charity of medieval origin overseen by the City of London Corporation. It
carries the A3 road, which is maintained by the Greater London Authority. The crossing
also delineates an area along the southern bank of the River Thames, between London
Bridge and Tower Bridge, that has been designated as a business improvement district.