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This project uses an Arduino to control a DC fan using pulse-width modulation (PWM) based on temperature readings from an LM35 temperature sensor. PWM controls voltage by varying the on-off time of pulses. The LM35 sensor outputs an analog voltage proportional to temperature in Celsius, making it easy to interpret temperature readings. The Arduino samples the LM35 output voltage using an analog-to-digital converter to determine temperature and control the fan speed accordingly.

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abdullah azayem
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
56 views6 pages

Report PDF

This project uses an Arduino to control a DC fan using pulse-width modulation (PWM) based on temperature readings from an LM35 temperature sensor. PWM controls voltage by varying the on-off time of pulses. The LM35 sensor outputs an analog voltage proportional to temperature in Celsius, making it easy to interpret temperature readings. The Arduino samples the LM35 output voltage using an analog-to-digital converter to determine temperature and control the fan speed accordingly.

Uploaded by

abdullah azayem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction:

Devices and processors are subjected to intense heating due great load
and over working for long periods of times ,thus to protect these
devices from over heating this project was made.

Project depends on controlling PWM of a DC Fan using arduino through


LM35 as temperature sensor.

What is PWM? :
PWM is a technique by using we can control the voltage or power. To
understand it more simply, if you are applying 5 volt for driving a motor
then motor will moving with some speed, now if we reduces applied
voltage by 2 means we apply 3 volt to motor then motor speed also
decreases. This concept is used in the project to control the voltage
using PWM.

PWM

The main game of PWM is digital pulse with some duty cycle and this
duty cycle is responsible for controlling the speed or voltage.

Suppose we have a pule with duty cycle 50% that means it will give half
of voltage that we apply.

Formula for duty cycle given below:

Duty Cycle= Ton/T

Where T= total time or Ton+Toff

And Ton= On time of pulse (means 1 )


And Toff= Off time of pulse (means 0)
Operation of LM35:
Lm35 is a temperature sensor that outputs an analog signal which is
proportional to the instantaneous temperature. The output voltage can
easily be interpreted to obtain a temperature reading in Celsius. The
advantage of lm35 over thermistor is it does not require any external
calibration. The coating also protects it from self heating.Many low end
products take advantage of low cost, greater accuracy and used lm35 in
their products.

Lm35 Temperature sensor Features


Calibrated Directly in Celsius (Centigrade)
Linear + 10-mV/°C Scale Factor
0.5°C Ensured Accuracy (at 25°C)
Rated for Full −55°C to 150°C Range
Suitable for Remote Applications
Operates from 4 V to 30 V
Less than 60-µA Current Drain
Low Self-Heating, 0.08°C in Still Air
Non-Linearity Only ±¼°C Typical
Low-Impedance Output, 0.1 Ω for 1-mA Load
Lm35 can be used we simply powering lm35 with temprerature
and connect the output directly to analog to digital converters(as
in our arduino project) as its output is analogue.

Steps to calculate temperature using Lm35 temperature


sensor:
Build circuit.
Power Lm35 vcc to +5-20 volts and gnd to ground.
Connect Vout to analog to digital converter input.
Sample the ADC reading, vout output voltage.
Convert the voltage to temperature.

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