Exercise - 1 (Objective Questions Based on Fundamentals)

SECTION (A) : ONLY ONE ANSWER IS CORRECT :

IONIC BOND :

1. Which is the most ionic

(A*) LiF (B) Li2O (C)Li3N (D) All same

2. The correct order of the increasing ionic character is -

(A*) BeCl2 < MgCl2 < CaCl2 < BaCl2 (B) BeCl2 < MgCl2 < BaCl2 < CaCl2
(C) BeCl2 < BaCl2 < MgCl2 < CaCl2 (D) BaCl2 < MgCl2 < CaCl2 < BeCl2

3. Which of the following pair of elements form a compound with maximum ionic character-
(A) Na and F (B*) Cs and F (C) Na and C (D) Cs and I
4. Which of the following compounds of elements in group IV is expected to be most ionic ?
(A*) PbCl2 (B) PbCl4 (C) CCl4 (D) SiCl4
5. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding ionic compounds?
(A*) They are good conductors at room temperature in aqueous solution.
(B*) They are generally soluble in polar solvents.
(C*) They consist of ions.
(D*) They generally have high melting and boiling points.

COVALENT BOND :
6. Which of the following have a three dimensional network structure ?
(A*) SiO2 (B*) ( BN ) x (C) P4 ( white ) (D) CCl 4

7. Anhydrous AlC3 is covalent. From the data given below

Lattice Energy = 5137 KJ/mol.
H hydration for A3+ = – 4665 KJ/mol
H hydration for C– = – 381 KJ/mol
identify the correct statement
(A) It will remain covalent in aquous solution
(B) The solution will consist of A3+ & C¯
(C*) The solution will consist of hydrated A3+ & C¯
(D) None of these
Sol.

 Hsolution = – 4665 – 3 × 381 + 5137 < 0

Hence ACl 3 will dissolve

8. The molecule BF3 and NF3 both are covalent compounds. But BF3 is non-polar and NF3 is polar. The reason
is that-
(A) boron is a metal and nitrogen is a gas in uncombined state
(B) B – F bond have no dipole moment whereas N – F bond have dipole moment
(C) atomic size of boron is smaller than that of nitrogen
(D*) BF3 is symmetrical molecule where as NF3 is unsymmetrical

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9. Least melting point is shown by the compound-
(A) PbCl2 (B*) SnCl4 (C) NaCl (D) AlCl3

10. Which of the following has a giant covalent structure -

(A) Sodium chloride (B*) Silica (C) Aluminium chloride (D) Lead oxide

11. Which of the following compounds contain/s both ionic and covalent bonds?
(A*) NH4Cl (B*) KCN (C) CuSO4·5H2O (D*) NaOH
12. The maximum covalency is equal to (excluding 1st and 2nd period)
(A) the number of unpaired p-electrons
(B) the number of paired d-electrons
(C) the number of unpaired s and p-electrons
(D*) the actual number of s and p-electrons in the outermost shell.

13. Which of the following contains (electrovalent) and (covalent) bonds ?

(A) CH 4 (B) H 2 O2 (C*) NH 4 Cl (D) HCN

14. SnCl 4 is a covalent liquid because :

(A) electron clouds of the Cl  ions are weakly polarized to envelop the cation
(B*) electron clouds of the Cl  ions are strongly polarized to envelop the cation
(C) its molecules are attracted to one another by strong van der Waals forces
(D) Sn shows inert pair effect

15. Three centre - two electron bonds exist in :

(A*) B2 H 6 (B*) Al 2 (CH 3 ) 6 (C) BeH 2 ( s ) (D) BeCl 2 ( s )

OCTET RULE :
16. Which of the following species are hypervalent?
1. ClO4–, 2. BF3, 3. SO42– , 4. CO32–
(A) 1, 2, 3 (B*) 1, 3 (C) 3, 4 (D) 1, 2

CO-ORDINATE BOND :
17. Which of the following species contain covalent and coordinate bond :
(A) AlCl3 (B*) CO (C*) [Fe(CN)6 ]4  (D*) N3  

FAJANS RULE :
Qk;ku fu;e %
18. AgCl is colourless whereas AgI is yellow, because of -
(A) Ag+ have 18 electron shell to screen the nuclear charge
(B) Ag+ shows pseudo inert gas configuration
(C*) Distortion of I– is more pronounced than Cl– ion
(D) Existence of d – d transition

19. Which of the following cannot be explained on the basis of Fajan’s Rules.
(A) Ag2S is much less soluble than Ag2O
(B) Fe(OH)3 is much less soluble than Fe(OH)2
(C*) BaCO3 is much less soluble than MgCO3
(D) Melting point of AlCl3 is much less than that of NaCl

20. The correct order of decreasing polarizability of ion is :

(A) Cl  , Br  ,   , F  (B) F  ,   , Br  , Cl  (C*)   , Br  , Cl  , F  (D) F  , Cl  , Br  ,  

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21. Which combination will show maximum polarising power & maximum polarisability
(A) Mn2+,F– (B*) Mn7+,I– (C) Mn2+,I– (D) Mn7+,F–

LEWIS STRUCTURE :
22. The possible structure(s) of monothiocarbonate ion is :

C C S

(A) S (B) S (C) C (D*)

O O O O O O

23. Pick out among the following species isoelectronic with CO2 :

(A*) N 3 (B*) (CNO)  (C*) (NCN ) 2  (D) NO2

V.B.T. & HYBRIDISATION :

24. The strength of bonds by s  s, p  p, s  p overlap is in the order :
(A*) s  s  s  p  p  p (B) s  s  p  p  s  p (C) s  p  s  s  p  p (D) p  p  s  s  s  p

25. Number and type of bonds between two carbon atoms in CaC 2 are :
(A) one sigma () and one pi () bond (B*) one  and two  bonds
(C) one  and one and a half  bond (D) one  bond

26. In the context of carbon, which of the following is arranged in the correct order of electronegativity :
(A*) sp  sp 2  sp 3 (B) sp 3  sp 2  sp (C) sp 2  sp  sp 3 (D) sp 3  sp  sp 2

27. Which of the following overlaps is incorrect [assuming z-axis to be the internuclear axis]
(a) 2 py + 2 py   2 py (b) 2 pz + 2 pz   2pz
(c) 2 px + 2 px   2 px (d) 1 s + 2 py  (1 s-2 py )
(A) ‘a’ & ‘b’ (B) ‘b’ & ‘d’ (C*) only ‘d’ (D) None of these

28. In which of the following pairs hybridisation of the central atom is different
(A) ClF3 , ClF3O (B) ClF3O, ClF3O2
(C*) [ClF2O]+ , [ClF4O]– (D) [ClF4O]– , [XeOF4]

Sol. In ’A’ both are sp3d

In ’B’ both are sp3d
In ’C’ [ClF2O]+ is sp3 but [ClF4O]– is sp3d2
In ’D’ both are sp3d2
Ans. (C)

29. In which of the following cyclic compound the nitrogen atom is sp 3 hybridised

() () () (V) [Made 2008, DS Sir]

NO2
NH2
(A*)  &  (B) , ,  (C)  & V (D) ,  & V

30. Which of the following is correct

(A) extent of Hydration in PCl5 > SiCl4 and BCl3 < CCl4
(B) K+ ion will be more hydrated than Li+.

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 (C*) In BCl3 there are no vacant d-orbitals but still it can undergo expansion
(D) None of these
31. Consider the following statements
   v
In CH2  CH C  C  H
1. There are 6  and ‘3’  bond
2. Carbon  &  are sp2 hybridised
3. Carbon  & V are sp hybridised,
The above statements 1, 2, 3 respectively are (T = True, F = False)
(A) T T T (B*) F T T (C) F T F (D) T F T
32. Which of the following is/are true statement(s) :
(A) All the carbon in H2C  C  C  C  C  C  H2 are in sp2 hybridisation
| |
H H
(B) In C2H2(CN)2 there are six ‘’ bonds
(C) In diamond ‘C’ is in sp2 hybridisation
(D*) In C3O2 all the carbons are in sp hybridisation

33. Which is the false statement about (SiH3)3N is

(A*) (SiH3)3N is planar.
(B) (SiH3)3N is linear.
(C) in (SiH3)3N lone pair is present on N doesnot undergo back bonding.
(D) there are 9 sigma bond in the above molecule.

34. Which is wrong about P4O10 molecule

(A) each ‘P’ atom can be considered to be sp3 hybridised
(B) there are six POP bonds in the molecule
(C) there are two types of P— O bond lengths

(D*) PO P angle is 180°

Sol. (D) ( '.' PO P angle is 127° )

35. For BF3 molecule which of the following is true.

(A) B-atom is sp2 hybridised
(B) There is a P – P back bonding in this molecule
(C) Observed B–F bond length is found to be less than the expected bond length.
(D*) All of these

36. Match list l with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists
List I List II
(a) CS2 1. Bent
(b) SO2 2. Linear
(c) BF3 3. Trigonal planer
(d) NH3 4. Tetrahedral
5. Trigonal pyramidal
Code (a) (b) (c) (d)
(A*) 2 1 3 5
(B) 1 2 3 5
(C) 2 1 5 4
(D) 1 2 5 4

37. The hybridisation of P in phosphate ion (PO43–) is the same as in :

(A) I in ICl4– (B) S in SO3 (C) N in NO3¯ (D*) S in SO32-.

38. What is not true for SiH4 molecule –

(A) Tetrahedral hybridisation (B) 109º angle
(C) 4 bond (D*) 4-Ione pair of electrons

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39. Effective overlapping will be shows by-
(A) (B) (C*) (D) All the above

40. In C  C bond C 2 H 6 undergoes heterolytic fission, the hybridisation of two resulting carbon atoms is/are

(A) sp 2 both (B) sp 3 both (C*) sp 2 , sp 3 (D) sp, sp 2

VSEPR :
41. In which of the following groups all the members have linear shape
.. .
 
(A) NO2+ , N3–, H  C H (B*) N3 , I3 , H  C.  H
(C) XeF2, C2H2, SO2 (D) CO2, BeCl2, SnCl2

42. Consider the following molecules :

H2O H2S H2Se H2 Te
   V
Arrange these molecules in increasing order of bond angles.
(A) V (B*) V (C) V (D) V

43. Which has the smallest bond angle (X – O – X) in the given molecules?
(A*) OSF2 (B) OSCl2 (C) OSBr2 (D) OS2 .

44. Consider the following iodides :

P3 As3 SbI3
102° 100.2° 99°
The bond angle is maximum in Pl3, which is
(A) due to small size of phosphorus (B*) due to more bp–bp repulsion in P3
(C) due to less electronegativity of P (D) None of these

45. Which is correct statement :


(A) The Cl P Br bond angle can be exactly 90° in the molecule PBr2Cl3 .
(B) Bond angle in PF3 is more than in NF3 .
(C) Bond angle in PH3 is more than in NH3
(D*) none of the above is correct
Cl
Br

P
Sol.   90 
Br Cl
Cl

46. Which is the right structure of XeF4 [Made 2008, DS Sir]

F
:

F
:

F F F
: F
F F F Xe
Xe Xe Xe
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
F F
:

F F
F
:

F
:

BONDS ANGLES & BOND LENGTH :

47. The correct order of increasing X  O  X bond angle is ( X  H , F or Cl ) :
(A) H 2O  Cl 2O  F2 O (B*) Cl 2O  H 2O  F2 O

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 (C) F2 O  Cl 2 O  H 2 O (D) F2 O  H 2O  Cl 2O

48. Among the following species, which has the minimum bond length ?

(A) B2 (B*) C 2 (C) F2 (D) O2

49. The bond angle in PH 3 is :

PH 3
(A*) Much lesser than NH 3 (B) Equal to that in NH 3
(C) Much greater than in NH 3 (D) Slightly more than in NH 3

50. Arrange the following species in decreasing order of bond angle.

NO2 , NO2 , NO2
153. NO2+ > NO2 > NO2¯

M.O.T :
51. According to Molecular orbital theory which of the following is correct
(A) LUMO level for C2 molecule is  2p x orbital
(B) In C2 molecules both the bonds are  bonds
(C) In C22– ion there is one  and two  bonds
(D*) All the above are correct

Sol. (D)
 p 2 y   p 2 z   2p x
M.O for C2 = 1s2 < 1*s2 < 2s2 < 2*s2 < 22  
HOMO LUMO

52. Arrange the following in order of decreasing N – O bond length : NO2 , NO2 , NO3

(A) NO3  NO2  NO2 (B*) NO3  NO2  NO2

(C) NO2  NO3  NO2 (D) NO2  NO3  NO2

53. Number of non bonding electrons in N2 is :
(A*) 4 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 14

54. Pick out the incorrect statement?

(A) N2 has greater dissociation energy than N2+ (B) O2 has lower dissociation energy than O2+
(C*) Bond length in N2+ is less than N2 (D) Bond length in NO+ is less than in NO.

55. A simplified application of MO theory to the hypothetical ‘molecule’ OF would give its bond order as :
(A) 2 (B*) 1.5 (C) 1.0 (D) 0.5

56. Which of the following species is paramagnetic ?

(A*) NO  (B) O22  (C) CN  (D) CO
57. The bond order depends on the number of electrons in the bonding and non bonding orbitals. Which of the
following statements is /are correct about bond order?
(A*) Bond order cannot have a negative value.
(B) It always has an integral value.
(C) It is a nonzero quantity.
(D) It can assume any value-positive or negative, integral or fractional, including zero.
58. In the formation of N 2 from N 2 , the electron is removed from :

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 (A*)  orbital (B)  orbital (C)  * orbital (D) * orbital

59. Which of the following has fractional bond order :

(A) O22  (B) O22  (C) F22  (D*) H 2

60. Which of the following have identical bond order?

(A*) O22  (B*) NO  (C*) CN  (D*) CN 

61. Which of the following statement is/are correct

(A*) The peroxide ion has a bond order of 1 while the oxygen molecule has a bond order of 2
(B*) The peroxide ion has a weaker bond than the dioxygen molecule has.
(C) The peroxide ion as well as the dioxygen molecules are paramagnetic
(D*) The bond length of the peroxide ion is greater than that of the dioxygen molecule
62. Given the species : N 2 , CO, CN  and NO  . Which of the following statements are true for these
(A) All species are paramagnetic (B*) The species are isoelectronic
(C) All the species have dipole moment (D*) All the species are linear

63. Which of the following have unpaired electron(s)

(A*) O2 (B*) O2 (C*) NO (D*) H 2
64. Which of the following are paramagnetic ?
(A*) B2 (B*) O2 (C) N 2 (D) He 2

65. Increasing order of carbon-oxygen bond length in CO, CO2 and CO32– is
(A*) CO < CO2 < CO32– (B) CO < CO32– < CO2
2–
(C) CO3 < CO2 < CO (D) CO32– < CO2 = CO
Sol. Bond order of carbon-oxygen
in CO is 3
in CO2 is 2
in CO32– is 1.33 (Due to resonance)
1
Bond order 
Bond length

. .
Structure : C  O: ; O =C= O ; resonance stabilised.

INTER MOLECULAR FORCES :

66. Pure phosphoric acid is very viscous. Because-
(A) It is a strong acid (B) It is tribasic acid (C) It is hygroscopic
(D*) It has PO43- groups which are bonded by many hydrogen bonds
67. Consider the following sets of H-bonds

P: –O–H-----

Q: –O–H -----

R: – H-----

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 S: H-----
The correct order of H-bond strengths is :

(A) Q > P > S > R (B) R > Q > S > P (C) R > S > P > Q (D*) P > Q > R > S
Sol. Nitrogen is less electronegative than oxygen so electron pair is easily available for bonding

68. The correct order of boiling point is : [Made 2008, DS Sir]

(A) H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te (B) H2O > H2Se > H2Te > H2S
(C) H2O > H2S > H2Se > H2Te (D*) H2O > H2Te > H2Se > H2S

69. Which of the following models best describes the bonding within a layer of the graphite structure ?
(A) metallic bonding (B) ionic bonding
(C*) non-metallic covalent bonding (D) van der Waals forces

70. The critical temperature of water is higher than that of O2 because the H 2 O molecule has :
(A) fewer electrons than O2 (B) two covalent bonds
(C) V - shape (D*) dipole moment

71. Which one of the following does not have intermolecular H-bonding?
(A) H2O (B*) o-nitro phenol (C) HF (D) CH3COOH

72. Which of the following exhibit/s H-bonding?

(A) CH4 (B) H2Se (C*) N2H4 (D) H2S

73. The H bond in solid HF can be best represented as:

H H H H
(A) H  F....H  F....H  F (B)
F F F
F F H H

(C*) H H H H (D) F F F F
F H
74. The volatility of HF is low because of :
(A) its low polarizability (B) the weak dispersion interaction between the molecules
(C) its small molecular mass (D*) its strong hydrogen bonding

75. In dry ice there are :

(A) Ionic bond (B*) Covalent bond (C) Hydrogen bond (D) None of these

76. Which of the following is/are observed in metallic bonds ?

(A*) Mobile valence electrons (B) Overlapping valence orbitals
(C) Highly directed bond (D*) Delocalized electrons

77. Which of the following factors are responsible for van der Waals forces ?
(A*) Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interaction
(B*) Dipole-induced dipole interaction and ion-induced dipole interaction
(C*) Dipole-dipole interaction and ion-induced dipole interaction
(D) Small size of molecule

78. Which of the following are true ?

(A*) Van der Waals forces are responsible for the formation of molecular crystals
(B*) Branching lowers the boiling points of isomeric organic compounds due to van der Waals forces of attraction
(C*) In graphite, van der Waals forces act between the carbon layers
(D) In diamond, van der Waals forces act between the carbon layers

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79. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding increases the enthalpy of vapourization of a liquid due to the:
(A) decrease in the attraction between molecules
(B*) increase in the attraction between molecules
(C) decrease in the molar mass of unassociated liquid molecules
(D) increase in the effective molar mass of hydrogen - bonded molecules

80. Which of the following molecules have intermolecular hydrogen bonds ?

(A*) KH 2 PO4 (B*) H 3 BO3 (C*) C 6 H 5CO2 H (D*) CH 3OH

DIPOLE MOMENT :
81. Which of the following have dipole moment ?
(A*) nitrobenzene (B*) p-chloronitrobenzene
(C*) m-dichlorobenzene (D*) o-dichlorobenzene

82. The dipole moments of the given molecules are such that-
(A) BF3 > NF3 > NH3 (B) NF3 > BF3 > NH3 (C*) NH3 > NF3 > BF3 (D) NH3 > BF3 > NF3

83. Which of the following has been arranged in order of decreasing dipole moment ?
(A*) CH3 Cl  CH3F  CH3Br  CH3I (B) CH3F  CH3 Cl  CH3Br  CH3I
(C) CH3 Cl  CH3Br  CH3I  CH3F (D) CH3F  CH3 Cl  CH3I  CH3Br

84. Which of the following has the least dipole moment

(A) NF3 (B*) CO2 (C) SO2 (D) NH 3

85. The experimental value of the dipole moment of HCl is 1.03 D. The length of the H  Cl bond is 1.275 Å .
The percentage of ionic character in HCl is :
(A) 43 (B) 21 (C*) 17 (D) 7

Cl

86. The dipole moment of is 1.5 D. The dipole moment of is :

(A*) 0 D (B) 1.5 D (C) 2.86 D (D) 2.25 D

87. Which of the following compounds possesses zero dipole moment?
(A) Water (B*) Benzene (C*) Carbon tetrachloride (D*) Boron trifluoride

SECTION (B) : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CORRECT CHOICE :

1. Which of the following statements is/are true for BaO and MgO ?
(A*) BaO is more ionic than MgO (B) MgO is more ionic than BaO
(C*) BaO has a higher melting point than MgO (D) MgO has a higher melting point than BaO

2. Most ionic compounds have :

(A) high melting points and low boiling points
(B*) high melting points and nondirectional bonds
(C*) high solubilities in polar solvents and low solubilities in nonpolar solvents
(D*) three-dimensional network structures, and are good conductors of electricity in the molten state

3. Which of the following is/are electron deficient compounds ?

(A) NaBH4 (B*) B2H6 (C*) AlCl3 (D) LiAlH4

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4. Which of the following do not exist ?
(A*) SH6 (B*) HFO 4 (C*) FeI3 (D) HClO3

5. Which is true about NH2–, NH3 ,NH4+ :

(A*) hybridization of N is same (B) no. of lone pair of electron on N are same
(C*) geometry is same (D) bond angle is same
6. Which is true about OF2 & Cl2O :
(A*) Both are sp3 hybridsied
(B*) Bond angle in OF2 less than 109º28’
(C*) Bond Angle in Cl2O is greater than 109º28’
(D) Bond Angle in both cases are 109º28’

7. Which statement is correct

(A*) Polarising power refers to cation
(B*) Polarisability refers to anoin
(C*) Small cation is more efficient to polarise anion
(D*) Molecules in which cation having pseudo inert gas configuration are more covalent

8. Which have linear shape ?

(A*) BeF 2 (B*) Ag(CN)–2 (C*) CO2 (D*) XeF2

9. The halogen form compounds among themselves with formula XX, XX3, XX5 and XX7 where X is the
heavier halogen. Which of the following pairs representing their structures and being polar and non-
polar are correct ?
(A*) XX – Linear – polar
(B*) XX3 – T-shaped – polar
(C*) XX5 – square pyramidal – polar
(D*) XX7 – Pentagonal bipyramidal – non-polar

10. Which combination of the compounds and their geometry / shape are correct ?
(A*) HgCl 2 - linear (B) CIF 3 - V-shaped (C*) CIF3 - T-shaped (D*) ICl4– square-planar

11. Which of the following is correct ?

(A*) During N2+ formation, one electron is removed from the bonding molecular orbitals.
(B*) During O 2+ formation, one electron is removed from the antibonding molecular orbitals
(C) During O 2– formation, one electron is added to the bonding molecular orbitals
(D*) During CN– formation one electron is added to the bonding molecular orbitals
12. Which of the following factors are responsible for van der Waal's forces ?
(A*) Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole attraction
(B*) Dipole-induced dipole interaction and ion-induced dipole interaction
(C*) Dipole-dipole interaction and ion-induced-dipole interaction
(D) Small size of molecule
13. Correct order of solubility of the compound is
(A) Na2SO4 < K2SO4 < Rb2SO4 (B*) Rb2SO4 < K2SO4 < Na2SO4
(C) CsF < CsCl < CsBr (D*) CsBr < CsCl < CsF

14 Which of the following are polar

(A) XeF4 (B*) XeF6 (C*) XeOF4 (D) ICl4–
Sol. (B, C)
Polarity depend on net dipole moment. If diple moment  = 0 it is nonpolar.
In XeF4  = 0 non polar ; XeF6   0 polar
XeOF4   0 polar ; Cl4–  0 non polar

15. In which of the following molecules number of lone paris and bond pairs on central atom are equal
(A*) H2O (B) I3– (C) O2F2 (D*) SCl 2

Page # 10
16. Which is true about VSEPR theory [Made 2008, DS Sir]
(A*) Lone pair-lone pair repulsion is maximum.
(B*) Lone pair and double bond occupy equitorial position in trigonal bipyramidal structure.
(C*) More electronegative atoms occupies axial position in trigonal bipyramidal structure.
(D) Bigger atoms occupy axial positions in trigonal bipyramidal structure.

17. Identify the correct option(s)

(A*) NH4+ > NH3 > NH2– order of bond angle
(B*) (CH3)3 B is a trigonal planar molecule (not considering the H-atoms on ‘C’)
(C) In NH4Cl ‘N’ atom is in sp3d hybridisation
(D) In S8 molecule a total of 16 electrons are left on all the ‘S’ atoms after bonding .

[Modified SK, 2007]

Sol. (A) Due to the presence of lone pair bond angle decreases.

CH3
|
B
(B) H C CH3
3
2
sp hyb.
(C) NH4Cl is an ionic compound and ‘N’ is in sp3 hybridisation.
(D) S8 molecule has 16 electron parirs left behind after the bonding.

18. Choose the correct options :

(A*) In N2 H4, the N–N, bond length is greater than expected value.
(B*) In trisilyl amine (SiH3)3 N, the bond length is lesser than expected value.
(C*) The bond angle in OF2 is lesser than OCl2.
(D*) The Be atom in BeCl2(s) is sp3 hybridised. [Made AP, 2007]

Exercise - 2 (Miscellaneous Questions )

SECTION (A) : QUESTIONS FOR SHORT ANSWER.
1. Arrange the following in increasing order of property given-
(i) O, F, S, Cl, N strength of H-bonding (X–H-X)
Ans. (i) S < Cl < N < O < F
(ii) N2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2 bond dissociation energy
Ans. (ii) F 2 < Cl 2 < O 2 < N2
(iii) NO 2+, NO2– NO3– N–O bond length
Ans. (iii)NO 2 < NO 2– < NO 3–
+

(iv) PH3, AsH3, SbH3, NH3 boiling point

Ans. (iv) PH3 < AsH3 < NH3 < SbH3
(v) H2O, NH3, CH4, SF 6, BF 3, CO 2 bond angle
Ans. (v) SF 6 < H2O < NH3 < CH4 < CO 2
(vi) MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO lattice energy
Ans. (vi) BaO < SrO < CaO > MgO

(vii) MCl, MCl 2, MCl 3 ionic nature

Ans. (vii) MCl 3 < MCl 2 < MCl
(viii) Hl, HBr, HCl, HF dipole moment
Ans. (viii) HI < HBr < HCl < HF
Page # 11
 (ix) AsH3, PH3, NH3 bond angle
Ans. (ix) AsH3 < PH3 < NH3

2. The POCl 3 molecule has the shape of an irregular tetrahendron with the P atom located centrally. The
Cl–P–Cl angle is found to be 103.5º. Give a qualitative explanation for the deviation of this structure
from a regular tetrhendron.
3. Write the geometry of XeF4 and OSF4 using VSEPR theory and clearly indicates the position of lone pair of
electrons.
Hint : Geometry of XeF4 is Octahedral , Geometry of OSF4 is Trigonal bipyramidal

4. Discuss the hybridzation of

F2O , PH3 ,PCl3, BCl3, BeCl2, CO2, CS2, SO4–2, SnCl4, HgCl2, ClO4–1, C2H4, CH3+, CH3–, NH4+, BeH2 .

5. Explain the structure hybridisation and oxidation state of S in sulphuric acid, marshall’s acid, caro’s acid,
oleum.

Ans. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)

O
||
H  O  S  O  H S.No. = 4, Hybridisation = sp3, Oxidation state of Sulphur = + 6
||
O

Marshall's acid (H2S2O8)

Oxidation state of both sulphur atoms = + 6

Caro's acid (H2SO5)

Oxidation state of sulphur = +6

Oleum (H2S2O7)

Oxidation state of both sulphur atoms = +6

6. Boric acid is monobasic acid. Why?

Ans. Because it react with one water molecule and produced H+ .

7. Boron has exceptionally high melting point. Why?

Ans. Due to it giant covalent molecular structure. (Icosohydral)

8. BCl3 is more acidic than BF3. Why?

Ans. BCl3 is more acidic than BF3 because In BF3; vacant p-orbital of boron is undergoes 2p-2p back bonding
with flourine atom. Which is stronger then BCl3 2p-3p back bonding.
9. CCl4 is not dissolved in H2O but SiCl4 dissolves. Why?
Ans. Because Si have vacant d-orbital but carbon not have vacant d-orbital.

10. Trimethylamine (CH3)3N, is pyramidal but trisylyamine (SiH3)3 N is planer. Why?

Ans. Trimethyl amine (CH3)3N is pyramidial but trisylyamine is planer. In trisylyamine L.P. of N atom formed p-d
Page # 12
 back bonding with Si vacant d-orbital. So it is a planner molecule while in NH3 back bonding cannot occure.

11. SnCl4 has melting point - 15ºC Where as SnCl2 has melting point 535ºC. Why?
Ans. SnCl4 has M.P.-15ºC where as SnCl2 has melting point 535ºC because according to Fajan's rule. If anion is
same but charge on same cation is different then charge on cation is increases then covalent character
increases and Ionic character is decreases. So SnCl4 is covalent compound while SnCl2 is an ionic com-
pound. So M.P. of SnCl2 is higher than SnCl4.

12. PbCl4 is possible but PbBr4 and PbI4 are not. Why?
\Ans. Cl can oxidise Pb+2  Pb+4 but Br & I can reduce Pb+4  Pb+2

13. Pb+4, Bi+5 and Tl+3 act as oxidising agent. Why?

Ans. Due to inert pair effect of electron Pb+2, Bi+3 and Tl+ are more stable

14. NCl3 & PCl3 on hydrolysis will give different products. Why?
Ans. NCl3 and PCl3 on hydrolysis will give different products because In NCl3 hydrolysis by H-bonding while in
PCl3 in hydrolysis use vacant d-orbital of phosphorous atom
Cl

Cl – N – Cl H — O —H NH – Cl
– HOCl H2O in several
Cl step
NH3 + 2HOCl

H
O+ H
.. .. ..
P .. P P
+HO
2 ..

Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl – HCl Cl Cl O–H

H2O in
several
step
H3PO3 + 2HCl

15. ClO2 does not forms dimer but NO2 forms. Why?
Ans. Unpaird e– is delocalised in 'd' orbtial so it will not form Dimer with Cl–Cl bond.
16. How many  and  bonds are presents in hexacyanoethane and tetra cyanoethylene?

Ans. 12 and 13  9 and 9 

hexacyanoethane tetra cyanoethylene

17. Explain the structure of CIF3 on the basis of bent rule.

F F
..

87.5º
Ans. Cl F nearly 'T' shaped.
87.5º
..

F F
18. All bonds length of PCl5 are not equal but PF5 has same bond lengths. Why?
Ans. Axial 'Cl' in PCl5 are present at 90º angle which experiences more repulsion so hence axial B.L. are greater
then equational B.L. In PF5 Due Pseudo rotation all B.L. are equal.

Page # 13
19. The experimentally determined N – F bond length in NF3 is greater than sum of single bond covalent radii of
N and F.
Ans. Due to l.p. – l.p. repulsion

20. Thio - ethers have higher boiling point than ethers. Explain.
Ans. Thio-ethers has high b.p. due to its higher molcular weight.

21. O2, N2 are colourless gases but Cl2, Br2, I2 are coloured gases. Explain on the basis of M.O.
Ans. HOMO  LUMO electron transfer

22. In trimethylamine, the nitrogen has a pyramidal geometry whereas in trisilylamine N (SiH 3 ) 3 it has a planar
geometry. Explain? Out of trimethylamine and trisilyamine which one is more basic and why ?
Ans. (CH3)3N

23. Assuming that all the four valency of carbon atom in propane pointing towards the corners of a regular
tetrahedron. Calculate the distance between the terminal carbon atoms in propane. Given, C  C single
bond length is 1.54 Å.
Ans. 2.33 Å

10
24. The dipole moment of HBr is 7.95 debye and the intermolecular separation is 1.94  10 m Find the % ionic
character in HBr molecule.
Ans. 85%
25. HBr has dipole moment 2 . 6  10  30 cm . If the ionic character of the bond is 11.5 %, calculate the interatomic
spacing.
Ans. 1.4 Å

26. Dipole moment of LiF was experimentally determined and was found to be 6.32 D. Calculate percentage
ionic character in LiF molecule Li  F bond length is 0.156 pm.
Ans. 84.5%

SECTION (B) : MATCH THE FOLLOWING :

1. Column – I Column – II
(A) Size of secondary layer of (P) Maximum in solid and minimum in gaseous state.
hydrated ions
(B) Magnitude of hydrogen bonding (Q) Strength of ion – dipole attraction
(C) Mobility of ions in water (R) Inversely proportional to the size of metal ion
(D) Degree of polarity of a bond (S) Dipole moment
(T) Directly proportional to the size of metal ion
Ans. (A – Q , R) ; (B – P) ; (C – Q,T) ; (D – S)

2. Column – I Column – II
(A) SO3 (gas) (P) Polar with p – d bonds and identical S – O bond,
lengths.
(B) OSF4 (Q) One lone pair and p – d bond.
(C) SO3F – (R) Non–polar with p – p and p – d bonds. Identical
S–O bond lengths.
(D) ClOF3 (S) Polar with p – dbond.
(T) Hybridisation of central atom in ClO2F3 .

Ans. (A – R) ; (B – S, T) ; (C – P) ; (D – Q ,T)

Page # 14
3. Column I Column II
Molecule/ion Hybridisation of central atom
(a) O2F2– (P) sp3d
(b) F2SeO (Q) sp3
(c) ClOF3 (R) sp2
(d) XeF5+ (S) sp3d2
Sol. (a) P ; (b) Q ; (c) P ; (d) S
Steric no. of IOF2– = 4 + 1 = 5, sp3d; Steric no. of F2SeO = 3 + 1 = 4, sp3;
3
Steric no. of ClOF3 = 4 + 1 = 5, sp d ; Steric no. of XeF5+ = 5 + 1 = 6, sp3d2

SECTION (C) : COMPREHENSION :

Comprehension : 1
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions. (Q.1 to 5)

The dipole moment is a quantitative measure of the degree of charge separation in a molecule. The polarity
of a bond, such as that in HCl, is characterized by a separation of electric charge. We can represent this in
HCl by indicating partial charges, + and – , on the atoms.
 
H  Cl
Any molecule that has a net separation of charge, as in HCl, has a dipole moment. A molecule in which the
distribution of electric charge is equivalent to charges + and – separated by a distance d has dipole
moment equal to d. Dipole moments are usually measured in units of debyes (D). In S units, dipole
moments are measured in coulomb-meters (C – m), and 1D = 3.34 × 10–30 C • m.
We will denote the dipole-moment contribution from each bond (the bond dipole) by an arrow with a positive
sign at one end ( ). The dipole-moment arrow points from the positive partial charge toward the negative
partial charge.
Each bond dipole, like a force, is a vector quantity; that is, it has both magnitude and direction. Like forces,
two dipoles of equal magnitude but opposite direction cancel each other.
The analysis we have just made for two different geometries of AX2 molecules can be extended to other AXn
molecules (in which all X atoms are identical).
In which A–X bonds are directed symmetrically about the central atom (for example, linear, trigonal planar
and tetrahedral) give molecules of zero dipole moment; that is, the molecules are nonpolar. Those geometries
in which the X atom tend to be on one side of the molecule (for example, bent and trigonal pyramidal) can
have non zero dipole moments; that is, they can give polar molecules.

1. Which bond angle Q would result in the maximum dipole moment for the triatomic molecule XY2 shown
below

(A*) Q = 90° (B) Q = 120° (C) Q = 150° (D) 180°

Sol. R= P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos  ; as   , R 

2. Which of the following molecule is/are non polar [Made 2008, DS Sir]
(A) XeF2 (B) PCl3F2 (C) XeF4 (D*) All

3. A polar molecule AB have dipole moment 3.2 D (Debye) while the bond length is 1.6 Å. Find the percentage
ionic character in the molecule. [Made 2008, DS Sir]
(A) 31% (B*) 41.6% (C) 39.6% (D) None
observed dipole moment
Sol. % Ionic character =  100
calculated dipole moment

Page # 15
 3.2  10 18 esu cm  100
= = 41.66%
4.8  10 10  1.6  10 8 esu cm

4. In which type of molecule, the dipole moment may be non zero. [Made 2008, DS Sir]
(A*) AB2L2 (B) AB2 L3 (C) AB4 L2 (D) AB4
Where A – Central atom, B – Bonded atom, L – Lone pair

5. The molecule having least dipole moment (Assume benzene molecule be a regular hexagon)

(A) (B) (C) (D*)

Comprehension : 2
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions. (Q.6 to 10)
The approximate shape of a molecule can often be predicted by using what is called the valence-shell
electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model. Electrons in bonds and in lone pairs can be thought of an “ charge
cloud” that repel one another and stay as far apart possible, thus causing molecules to assume specific
shapes.
The repulsive interactions of electron pairs decrease in the order :
Lone pair - lone pair > Lone pair - Bond pair > Bond pair - Bond pair.
These repulsions effect result in deviations from idealised shapes and alteration in bond angles in
molecules.
6. Among the following molecules
(i) XeO3 (ii) XeOF4 (iii) XeO2F2 (iv) XeF6
those having different molecular geometry but same number of lone pairs on Xe are.
(A) (i),(ii) and (iii) only (B) (i) ,(ii) and (iv) only
(C) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only (D*) (i), (ii) (iii) and (iv)

7. Which of the following statement is correct with respect to bond angle ?

(A) The F - S - F angle in SF2 is more than 109o 28’
(B) The H - N - N angle in N2 H2 is approximately 180o
(C*) The F -Kr - F angle in KrF4 is 90o
(D) The Cl - N - O angle in NOCl is more than 120o.

8. Molecular shape of XeF3+, SF3+ and CF3+ are.

(A) the same with 2,1 and 0 lone pairs of electrons respectively.
(B*) different with 2 , 1 and 0 lone pairs of electrons respectively.
(C) different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of electrons respectively.
(D) the same with 2, 0 and 1 lone pairs of electrons respectively.

9. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

(A) In ClF3 , the axial Cl - F bond length is larger than equatorial Cl - F bond length.
(B) In SF4 , F - S - F equatorial bond angle is not 120o but 104o due to  p - bp repulsions
(C) In [ ICl4] - Cl - I - Cl bond angle is 90o.
(D*) In OBr2 , the bond angle is less than OCl2.

10. Which among the following molecules have sp3d hybridisation with one lone pair of electrons on the central
atom ?
(i) SF4 (ii) [PCl4]+ (iii) XeO2F2 (iv) ClOF3
(A) (i), (ii) and (iii) only (B*) (i), (iii) and (iv) only
(C) (i) and (iii) only (D) (iii) and (iv) only.

Page # 16
 Exercise - 3 (JEE/REE Questions of Previous Years)
1. The species having bond order different from that in CO is : [ JEE 2007]
(A) NO¯ (B) NO+ (C) CN¯ (D) N2
Sol. (A)
CO = 1s2  *1s2  2s2  * 2s2  2p x 2 2p y 2  2pz 2 BO = 3

NO–  1s2  *1s2  2s2  * 2s2  2pz 2  2p x 2 2p y 2  * 2p x1  * 2p y1 BO = 2

NO+  1s2  *1s2  2s2  * 2s2  2pz 2  2p x 2 2p y 2 BO = 3

CN–  1s2  *1s2  2s2  * 2s2  2p x 2 2p y 2  2pz 2 BO = 3

N2  1s2  *1s2  2s2  * 2s2  2p x 2 2p y 2  2pz 2 BO = 3

2. Among the following, the paramagnetic compound is : [ JEE 2007]

(A) Na2O2 (B) O3 (C) N2O (D) KO2
Sol. (D) KO2 = K+O2–
O2– – superoxide ion
= 1s2  *1s2  2s2  * 2s2  2pz 2  2p x 2 2p y 2  * 2p x 2  * 2p y1

3. The percentage of p-character in the orbitals forming P – P bonds in P4 is : [ JEE 2007]

(A) 25 (B) 33 (C) 50 (D) 75
Sol. (D) sp3 hybridisation = 75% p character

4. The structure of XeO3 is : [ JEE 2007]

(A) linear (B) planar (C) pyramidal (D) T-shaped
..
Xe
Sol. (C) sp3 hybridisation , pyramidal
O O O

5. The number of radial nodes in 3s and 2p are respectively [ JEE 2005]

(A*) 2 and 0 (B) 2 and 1 (C) 1 and 2 (D) 0 and 2

6. When three oxygen atoms of [SiO4]4– tetrahedral is shared then the nature of the silicate is [ JEE 2005]
(A*) Sheet silicate (B) Pyrosilicate
(C) Three dimensional silicate (D) linear chain silicate

7. Thermodynamically most stable allotrope of phosphorus is [ JEE 2005]

(A) Red (B) White (C*) Black (D) Yellow

8. In which of the following the maximum number of lone pairs is present on the central atom? [ JEE 2005]
(A) [ClO3]– (B) XeF4 (C) SF4 (D*) I3–

9. The number of lone pair(s) of electrons in XeOF4 is:- [ JEE 2004]

(A) 3 (B) 2 (C*) 1 (D) 4

10. Which of the following has O – O linkage ? [ JEE 2004]

(A) H2S2O4 (B*) H2S2O8 (C) H2S4O6 (D) H2S2O6

11. Which is correct about O2+ [ JEE 2004]

(A) it is paramagnetic and has less bond order than O2
(B*) it is paramagnetic and more bond order than O2
(C) it is diamagnetic and has less bond order than O2

Page # 17
 (D) it is diamagnetic and has more bond order than O2

12. Which of the following represent the given mode of hybridisation sp2-sp2-sp-sp from left to right?[ JEE 2003]
(A*) H2C = CH – C  N (B) HC  C – C  CH
CH2
(C) H2C = C = C = CH2 (D)
H 2C

13. Using VSEPR theory, draw the shape of PCl5 and BrF5. [ JEE 2003]
Ans. PCl5 (trigonal bipyramidal), BrF5 (square pyramidal)

14. Draw the structure of Diborane. [ JEE 2001]

Ans.

15. Specify the coordination geometry around and hybridisation of N and B atoms in a 1 : 1 complex of BCl3 &
NH3. [ JEE 2001]
(A*) N : tetrahedral sp3, B : tetrahedral sp3 (B) N : pyramidal sp3, B : pyarmidal sp3
(C) N : planar sp3, B : planar sp3 (D) N : pyramidal sp3, B : tetrahedral sp3

16. Identify the correct order to solubility of Na2S, CuS and ZnS in aq. medium [ JEE 2001]
(A) CuS > ZnS > Na2S (B) ZnS > Na2S > CuS
(C*) Na2S > CuS > ZnS (D) Na2S > ZnS > CuS
17. Identify the correct order of boiling point of [ JEE 2001]
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH; CH3CH2CH2CHO ; CH3CH2CH2COOH
(A) 1 > 2 > 3 (B) 3 > 1 > 2 (C) 1 > 3 > 2 (D*) 3 > 2 > 1

18. Identify the correct order of acidic acid strengths [ JEE 2001]
CO2 CuO, CaO, H2O
(A) CaO > CuO > H2O > CO2 (B) H2O < CuO < CaO < CO2
(C*) CaO < CuO < H2O < CO2 (D) H2O < CO2 < CaO < CuO

19. Which of the following molecular species has unpaired e– [ JEE 2001]
(A) N2 (B) F2 (C*) O2– (D) O22–

20. The number of S-S bonds in sulphur trioxide trimer (S3O9) is- [JEE-2001]
(A) three (B) two (C) one (D*) zero
21. The order of dipole moments of the following molecules is - [JEE-2000]
(A) CHCl3 > CHCl2 > CH3Cl > CCl4 (B) CH2Cl2 > CH3Cl > CH3Cl3 > CCl4
(C*) CH3Cl > CH2Cl2 > CHCl3 > CCl4 (D) CH2Cl2 > CHCl3 > CH3Cl > CCl4
22. The hybridization of atomic orbitals of nitrogen in NO 2+, NO 3– and NH4+ are [JEE- 2000]
(A) sp2 , sp3 and sp respectively
(B*)sp,sp2 and sp3 respectively
(C) sp2 , sp and sp3 respectively
(D) sp2 , sp3 and sp respectively

23.
(i) The correct order of radii is [ JEE 2000]
(A) N < Be < B (B*) F– < O2– < N3– (C) Na < Li < K (D) Fe3+ < Fe2+ < Fe4+
(ii) The number of P-O-P bonds in cyclic trimetaphosphoric acid is (HPO3)3 [ JEE 2000]
(A) zero (B) two (C*) three (D) four

(iv) The correct order of acid strength is [ JEE 2000]

(A*) Cl2O7 > SO2 > P4O10 (B) CO2 > N2O5 > SO3 (C) Na2O > MgO > Al2O3 (D) K2O > CaO > MgO

Page # 18
(v) Molecular shapes of SF4, CF4 and XeF4 are respectively [ JEE 2000]
(A) the same with 2, 0 and 1 lp (B) the same with 1, 1 and 1 lp
(C) different with 0, 1, 2 lp (D*) different with 1, 0, 2 lp

24. The IE1 of Be is greater than that of B. [ JEE 2000]

Ans. Due to fully-filled s-orbital in Be ionization energy is higher than partial filled boron

25. Amongest H2O, H2Se and H2Te the one with highest boiling point is [ JEE 2000]
(A*) H2O  of H-bonding (B) H2Te  of higher molecular weight
(C) H2S  of H-bonding (D) H2Se  of lower molecular weight

26. Write the M.O. electron distribution of O2. Specify its bond order and magnetic property. [ JEE 2000]
Ans. Bond order is two and  = 2.83 B.M.

27. Draw the molecular strucutres of XeF2, XeF4 and XeO2F2, indicating the location of l.p. of electrons.
Ans. Using VSPER theory [ JEE 2000]

28. The set with correct order of acidity [ JEE 2000]

(A*) HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4 (B) HClO4 < HClO3 < HClO2 < HClO
(C) HClO < HClO4 < HClO3 < HClO2 (D) HClO4 < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO

29. The common features of the species CN –, CO, NO+ are [ JEE 2000]
(A*) bond order three and isoelectronic (B) B.O. = 3 and weak field ligand
(C) B.O. 2 and  acceptor (D) isoelectronic and weak field ligands
30. Between SiCl4 and CCl4 only SiCl4 reacts with H2O. [ JEE 2000]
Ans. Due to presence of vacant d-orbitals in SiCl4 it can be hydrolyse
31. SiCl4 is ionic and CCl4 is covalent. [ JEE 2000]
Ans. Due to large size of Si it is ionic

32. The set representing correct order of IP1 is [ JEE 2000]

(A) K > Na > Li (B*) Be > Mg > Ca (C) B > C > N (D) Fe > Si > C

33.
(i) The correct order of increasing C-O bond length of, CO, CO3–, CO2 is [ JEE 1999]
(A) CO32– < CO2 < CO (B) CO2 < CO32– < CO (C) CO < CO32– < CO2 (D*) CO < CO2 < CO32–

(ii) In the dichromate anion [ JEE 1999]

(A) 4 Cr - O bonds are equivalent (B*) 6 Cr - O bonds are equivalent
(C) all Cr - O bonds are equivalent (D) all Cr - O bonds are non equivalent

(iii) The geometry of H2S and its diple moment are [ JEE 1999]
(A*) angular and non zero (B) angular and zero
(C) linear and non zero (D) linear and zero

(iv) In compounds type ECl3, where E = B, P, As or Bi, the angles Cl-E-Cl for different E are in the order
[ JEE 1999]
(A) B > P = As = Bi (B*) B > P > As > Bi (C) B < P = As = Bi (D) B < P < As < Bi
1 2 3 4 5 6
(v) In the compound CH  CH CH  CH  C  CH , The C2 – C3 bond is of type [ JEE 1999]
2 2 2

(A) sp – sp2 (B) sp3 – sp3 (C) sp – sp3 (D*) sp2 – sp3

(vi) Ionic radii of [ JEE 1999]

(A) Ti4+ < Mn7+ (B) 35Cl– < 37Cl– (C) K+ > Cl– (D*) P+3 > P5+

(vii) Give reasons for the following in one or two sentences only. [ JEE 1999]
(A) BeCl2 can be easily hydrolysed (B) CrO3 is an acid anhydride

Page # 19
(viii) Discuss the hybridisation of C-atoms in allene (C3H4) and show the -orbital overlaps. [ JEE 1999]
(ix) Explain why o-hydroxybenzaldehyde is a liquid at room temperature, while p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is a high
melting solid. [ JEE 1999]

34. CO32– anion has which of the following characteristics- [REE-99]

(A*) Bonds of equal length (B*) sp2 hybridization of C atom
(C*) Resonance stabilization (D*) Same bond angles
35. The correct order of dipole moment is - [REE-99]
(A*) CH4 < NF3 < NH3 < H2O (B) NH3 > NF3 > CH4 < H2O
(C) NH3 < NF3 < CH4 < H2O (D) NH3 < NF3 > CH4 > H2O

36. Carbon atoms in the compound (CN)4C2 are - [REE-99]

(A) sp hybridzed (B) sp2 hybridized
(C*) sp and sp2 hybridized (D) sp, sp2 and sp3 hybridized

Page # 20
Exercise - 1
SECTION (A) :
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. A,B,C & D 7. A, B

8. C 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. ABD 14. D

15. C 16. D 17. B 18. A,B 19. B 20. B,C & D 21. C

22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A, B & C 27. A 28. B

29. A 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B

36. D 37. A 38. D 39. D 40. A 41. D 42. D

43. C 44. C 45. B 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. D

50. C 51. B 52. B 53. A 54. NO2+ > NO2 > NO2¯ 55. D

56. B 57. A 58. C 59. B 60. A 61. A 62. A

63. D 64. A,B,C & D 65. A, B & D 66. B, D 67. A,B,C & D 68. A, B 69. A

70. D 71. D 72. D 73. C 74. D 75. B 76. C

77. C 78. D 79. B 80. A, D 81. A, B, C 82. A, B, C 83. B

84. A,B,C & D 85. A,B,C & D 86. C 87. A 88. B 89. C 90. A

91. B, C, D

SECTION (B) :

1. A, C 2. B, C & D 3. B, C 4. A, B, C 5. A, C 6. A, B, C 7. A, B, C & D

8. A,B,C & D 9. A,B,C & D 10. A, C, D 11. A, B, D 12. A, B, C 13. B 14. B, C

15. A, D 16. A, B, C 17. A, B 18. A,B,C & D

Exercise
SECTION (A) :
-2
1. (i) S < Cl < N < O < F; (ii) F 2 < Cl 2 < O 2 < N2 ; (iii) NO 2+ < NO 2– < NO 3–
(iv) PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3 < NH3; (v) SF 6 < H2O < NH3 < CH4 < CO 2 ;
(vi) BaO < SrO < CaO > MgO ; (vii) MCl 3 < MCl 2 < MCl ; (viii) HI < HBr < HCl < HF
(ix) AsH3 < PH3 < NH3
5. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
O
||
H  O  S  O  H S.No. = 4, Hybridisation = sp3, Oxidation state of Sulphur = + 6
||
O

Page # 32
 Marshall's acid (H2S2O8)

Oxidation state of both sulphur atoms = + 6

Caro's acid (H2SO5)

Oxidation state of sulphur = +6

Oleum (H2S2O7)

Oxidation state of both sulphur atoms = +6

6. Because it react with one water molecule and produced H+ .

7. Due to it giant covalent molecular structure. (Icosohydral)
8. BCl3 is more acidic than BF3 because In BF3; vacant p-orbital of boron is undergoes 2p-2p back bonding
with flourine atom. Which is stronger then BCl3 2p-3p back bonding.
9. Because Si have vacant d-orbital but carbon not have vacant d-orbital.
10. Trimethyl amine (CH3)3N is pyramidial but trisylyamine is planer. In trisylyamine L.P. of N atom formed p-
d back bonding with Si vacant d-orbital. So it is a planner molecule while in NH3 back bonding cannot
occure.

11. SnCl4 has M.P.-15ºC where as SnCl2 has melting point 535ºC because according to Fajan's rule. If anion is
same but charge on same cation is different then charge on cation is increases then covalent character
increases and Ionic character is decreases. So SnCl4 is covalent compound while SnCl2 is an ionic com-
pound. So M.P. of SnCl2 is higher than SnCl4.
12. Cl can oxidise Pb+2  Pb+4 but Br & I can reduce Pb+4  Pb+2
13. Due to inert pair effect of electron Pb+2, Bi+3 and Tl+ are more stable
14. NCl3 and PCl3 on hydrolysis will give different products because In NCl3 hydrolysis by H-bonding while in
PCl3 in hydrolysis use vacant d-orbital of phosphorous atom
Cl

Cl – N – Cl H — O —H NH – Cl
– HOCl H2O in several
Cl step
NH3 + 2HOCl

H
O+ H
.. .. ..
P .. P P
+HO
2 ..

Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl – HCl Cl Cl O–H

H2O in
several
step
H3PO3 + 2HCl
Page # 33
15. Unpaird e– is delocalised in 'd' orbtial so it will not form Dimer with Cl–Cl bond.

16. 12 and 13  9 and 9 

hexacyanoethane tetra cyanoethylene

F F
..

87.5º
17. Cl F nearly 'T' shaped.
87.5º
..

F F

18. Axial 'Cl' in PCl5 are present at 90º angle which experiences more repulsion so hence axial B.L. are greater
then equational B.L. In PF5 Due Pseudo rotation all B.L. are equal.
19. Due to l.p. – l.p. repulsion
20. Thio-ethers has high b.p. due to its higher molcular weight.
21. HOMO  LUMO electron transfer
22. (CH3)3N 23. 2.33 Å 24. 85% 25. 1.4 Å
26. 84.5% 27. 25% 28. 2.52Å

SECTION (B) :
1. covalent 2. decreases, bond 3. endothermic 4. fluorine

5. electrovalent 6. lattice energy 7. high 8. bad

9. lattice, high 10. small, large 11. covalent, electrovalent or ionic
12. non 13. two 14. single 15. sigma 16. covalent, co-ordinate

17. CO 2 18. sp3 19. sp3 20. square planar 21. plane triangular

22. greater 23. F5 24. dipole moment 25. resonance 26. hydrogen

27. more, intramolecular hydrogen 28. 8.4

ls 42.0 29. NO

30. half 31. O 2– –, 1

SECTION (C) :

1. 2.33 Å 2. 85% 3. 1.4 Å 4. 84.5% 5. 25% 6. F 7. T

8. T 9. T 10. T 11. T 12. F 13. T 14. T

15. T 16. T 17. T 18. T 19. F 20. F 21. T

SECTION (D) :

1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B

8. A 9. A 10. C 11. C

SECTION (E) :

1. (A – Q , R) ; (B – P) ; (C – Q,T) ; (D – S) 2. (A – R) ; (B – S, T) ; (C – P) ; (D – Q ,T)
3. (a) P ; (b) Q ; (c) P ; (d) S

Page # 34
SECTION (F) :

1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D

8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. B

Exercise - 3
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. A

7. C 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B 12. A

13. PCl5 (trigonal bipyramidal), BrF5 (square pyramidal)

14.

15. A 16. C 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. D 21. C

22. B 23. (i) B (ii) C (iv) A (v) D

24. Due to fully-filled s-orbital in Be ionization energy is higher than partial filled boron

25. A 26. Bond order is two and  = 2.83 B.M.

27. Using VSPER theory 28. A 29. A

30. Due to presence of vacant d-orbitals in SiCl4 it can be hydrolyse

31. Due to large size of Si it is ionic 32. B

33. (i) D (ii) B (iii) A (iv) B (v) D (vi) D

34. A, B, C & D 35. A 36. C

Page # 35